Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
Schools Division Office II of Pangasinan
BENIGNO V. ALDANA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Correlation Study between Parenting Styles and Academic Performance of

Grade 12 STEM students of Benigno V. Aldana National High School

RESEARCHERS:

JEWEL PAULINE A. OLIGO

KAREN P. MALBOG
DAPHNE JOYCE M. DIAZ
RENZ D. GRAMATA
ROSE MARIE ANN P. RITURBAN
TAKESHI EUGENIO
KENT ALDREY B. PARTIBLE
JULIJO JUDE J. PAGARAN
ALEXANDRA C. SUBIDO

12 STEM – Krypton

A Quantitative Research Paper presented to the Faculty and Staff of the

Benigno V. Aldana National High School – Senior High School,
Pozorrubio, Pangasinan

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject

RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE 2
for
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS (STEM)
STRAND

NOVEMBER 2024

MR. WILLIAM A. TARAMPI

Research in Daily Life 2 Teacher
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

RATIONALE

Education is widely acknowledged as being essential to both individual and community

growth. For the past 75 years, researchers have been interested in understanding the connection

between parental practices and academic achievement on a worldwide scale. Significant

understanding has been attained concerning individual variations in parenting conduct,

particularly with reference to the aspects that underlie individual variations in overall parenting

style and the parenting philosophies that stem from individual variations on these aspects. The

majority of parents use a combination of parenting styles, with authoritative parenting being the

most popular parenting approach worldwide (Power, 2013). Parenting practices can affect a

child’s life in many ways, both now and in the future, including motivation and academic

accomplishment, claims Kendra Chery (2024). Cherry (2025).

On the continental level, particularly in Asia, where education systems are often highly

competitive and rigorous, the influence of parenting on academic success is a critical area of

study. Countries across the continent, such as China, Japan, South Korea, and India, place a high

value on educational attainment that is why their parenting style involve high levels of control

and obedience from children, with a focus on academic achievement and respect for authority.

This is known as an “authoritarian” parenting style. One key aspect of traditional Asian and

Asian American parenting is the concept of “filial piety,” which involves total obedience and

compliance of children to their parents, as well as showing respect and warmth towards them.
 This concept can lead to high levels of pressure and stress for children, as they are

expected to always meet their parents’ expectations and follow their rules. (Yap, 2024)

Similarly in United States, the critical role that parenting styles play in shaping students'

academic achievements and career choices. It underscores the need for parents to adopt

supportive practices that encourage educational success, suggesting that improved parent-child

interactions can positively influence students' futures. The findings advocate for increased

awareness and training for parents to enhance their engagement in their children's educational

journeys. (Zahedani, Rezaee, Yazdani, Bagheri, Nabeiei, 2016)

In the Philippines, traditional values emphasize difference to authority, close family ties

and a high value placed on education (Tinio, 2018). The influence of families on students’

educational experiences is significant. Parenting styles and educational expectations are

influenced by cultural values such as “Bayanihan” (community spirit) and respect for elders

(Gonzales, 2017). One study from the Philippines by Garcia and Santiago (2017) examined the

impact of parenting styles on the academic performance of high school students in Metro Manila.

The researchers found that authoritative parenting was associated with higher academic

achievement, while authoritarian and permissive parenting were linked to lower performance.

This study provides a closer look at the Filipino cultural context, where family dynamics play a

crucial role in shaping students' academic trajectories.

 Benigno V. Aldana National High School contains diverse student population and the

significant role of parenting in shaping academic outcomes, employing this study will provide

crucial insights into how different parenting styles impact student performance, allowing us to

tailor our support strategies more effectively and foster an environment that enhances both

academic success and parental engagement. Researchers wanted to find out if there is a

correlation between parenting styles and academic performance o Grade 12 of Benigno V.

Aldana National High School students. Hence, this study will be conducted.

THEORETICAL/CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The first one who introduced parenting styles was Diana Baumrind. In the early 1960s, her

theory identifies four primary parenting styles. First is “Authoritarian Parenting Style” in this

parenting style children are expected to follow strict rules established by the parents. Second,

“Authoritative parenting Style” this type of parenting establishing rules and guidelines that their

children are expected to follow. But it is much more democratic than authoritarian. Third is

Permissive parents, sometimes referred to as indulgent parents, make very few demands of their

children. These parents rarely discipline their children because they have relatively low

expectations of maturity and self-control.

Psychologists Eleanor Maccoby and John Martin proposed a fourth style: uninvolved or

neglectful parenting. An uninvolved parenting style is characterized by few demands, low

responsiveness, and very little communication.

 Urie Bronfenbrenner's theory from 1994 emphasizes the multiple layers of environmental

influences on child development, including family, school, and community contexts. This theory

suggests that parenting styles affect not only individual child outcomes but also their interaction

with other systems, such as schools. Supportive parenting can enhance a child’s engagement

with the school environment, leading to better academic outcomes.

RESEARCH PARADIGM

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

PARENTING STYLES A. COLLECTION

OF DATA
A. Authoritarian This research will
THROUGH:
delve into how does
B. Authoritative 1. Survey
parenting styles affects
questionnaire
C. Permissive the academic
2. Interview
performance of Grade
D. Neglectful
12 STEM Students of
B. ANALYSIS OF
Benigno V. Aldana
DATA
National High School.
STUDENTS THROUGH:
ACADEMIC 1. Statistical and
PERFORMANCE Scientific
Treatment
1. GPA
2. CLASS
PARTICIPATION
3. STANDARDIZED
TEST SCORES

Figure 1. Interplay of variables

 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This research will determine the correlation between parenting styles and the academic

performance of Grade 12 STEM students in Benigno V. Aldana National High School. More

specifically, this research will seek to answer the following question:

Sub-Questions

1. What are the predominant parenting styles among the parents of Grade 12 STEM students at

Benigno V. Aldana National High School?

1.1 How do students perceive their parents' parenting styles?

1.2 Are there significant differences in parenting styles based on demographic factors such as

income, education level, and cultural background?

2 What is the overall academic performance of Grade 12 STEM students at Benigno V. Aldana

National High School?

2.1 What are the average grades and performance metrics for these students?

2.2 How do these metrics compare across different subjects within the STEM curriculum?

3 Is there a significant correlation between parenting styles and the academic performance of

Grade 12 STEM students?

3.1 Which specific parenting styles are positively or negatively correlated with academic

performance?

3.2 How strong are these correlations, and what statistical significance do they hold?
4 How do students' perceptions of parental involvement affect their academic performance?

4.1 Do students who perceive higher levels of parental involvement perform better

academically?

4.2 What aspects of parental involvement (e.g., homework help, attending school events) are

most influential?

5 What recommendations can be made to parents and educators based on the findings of the study?

5.1 How can parents modify their parenting styles to better support their children's academic

achievements?

5.2 What strategies can educators implement to engage parents in a manner that positively

influences student performance?

HYPOTHESIS

The hypothesis for the study titled “A Correlational Study of Parenting Styles and

Academic Performances of STEM Students in Benigno V. Aldana National High School”

suggests that there is a meaningful link between different parenting styles and the academic

success of STEM students. Research indicates that authoritative parenting, which combines

warmth and high expectations, is often linked to better academic performance. In contrast,

authoritarian and permissive parenting styles may have different effects on students’

achievements. The study aims to measure these relationships using statistical tools, such as

Pearson correlation coefficients, to analyze how students perceive their parents’ styles and how

these perceptions relate to their academic results. This aligns with previous findings that

highlight the role of parenting in shaping educational outcomes, indicating that supportive
parenting can lead to improved academic performance. In summary, the hypothesis likely states

that different parenting styles significantly influence the academic performance of STEM

students, with a particular interest in determining which style is most effective.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study focuses on how parenting styles affect the academic performance of the Grade

12 STEM students. This will be conducted in Benigno V. Aldana National High School with the

help of 300 along with their parents. In order to get comprehensive insights, the study will

combine a focus group discussion and distribution of questionnaires with the students. It will be

carried out over a set period of time in order to get a snapshot examination during a specific

academic period.

The study focuses solely on a certain academic date. As a result, there is a chance that some

variables or variations in this study will be missed at other times that are not covered. This study

is limited only on the students from Academic strand which is Grade 12 STEM students. So it no

longer covers or include other grade levels, track and strand. It’s possible that the results won’t

apply to students in other programs or institutions.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will tackle the Correlation of parenting styles and Academic Performance of

Grade 12 STEM students of BVANHS. Results of which will be beneficial to different sectors.

The Learners. This study can help the students to benefit from more supportive and effective

parenting practices. And allow them to share their perspective to their parents about their

parenting styles.

The Teachers. This will help teachers better understand home environment of their students,

which can allow them to collaborate more effectively with parents to support success of students.

The Parents. They can understand how their parenting styles impacts their child and understand

their child’s perspective which will lead their home to a more harmonious environment.

The Future Researchers. They can benefit from this study as it will serve as a ready-made

basis, additional knowledge for them and can be used by as their related literature for their

studies in the future.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Academic Outcome. Knowledge that student should be able to demonstrate as a result

Authoritarian Parenting Style. Parenting style where children are expected to follow strict

rules established by the parents.

Authoritative parenting style. Parent’s that establish rules and guidelines that their children are

expected to follow. But more democratic compared to Authoritarian Parenting Style.

Benigno V. Aldana National High School. Place where the study will be conducted.

Neglectful Parenting Style. This parenting style is characterized by few demands, low

responsiveness, and very little communication.

Parenting style. Refers to the style parents utilize in raising their child.

Permissive parenting style. Is a type of parenting style where the parents are extremely

affectionate.

STEM. Is a common abbreviation for closely connected areas of study Science, Technology,

Engineering and Mathematics

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

The chapter discusses some of the existing literature about the different parenting styles

and its correlation to their child’s academic performance. A thorough analysis of many studies

and hypotheses is presented in an effort to provide comprehensive understanding of the subject.

The chapter also outlines potential research possibilities and highlights areas of human

enhancement that still require investigation.

Parenting styles can affect various aspects of a child's growth, including their behavior,

social-emotional skills, and readiness for school. Sobrebiga, Medez (2021) reported in their

research that that parenting styles- authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful-play a

crucial role in shaping children's cognitive and social-emotional outcomes. Authoritative parents

tend to encourage independence, leading to better self-care abilities in their children. On the

other hand, children raised in authoritarian or neglectful environments may struggle with self-

help skills due to lack of support or guidance. The respondents were the 251 kindergarten

children out of the 720 enrolled in 14 schools in the selected District in Negros Occidental and

their parents. The researcher used the official clustered group assigned to schools in District.

Moreover, research indicates that parenting styles might enhance children's academic

achievement beginning at a very young age. A research by W.H. Jeynes (2016) carried out in an

African American kindergarten. indicated that from early childhood through adolescence, greater

academic performance were consistently associated with positive parenting styles, especially

authoritative and active parenting.

 Among the different parenting styles, one study conducted by Dumont, Morrow, and

Overstreet (2019) discovered that authoritative parenting, characterized by a balance of warmth

and high expectations, was positively associated with better academic performance. The study

highlighted the value of encouraging communication in helping children develop drive and self-

control, two qualities that are critical for success in STEM fields.

Similarly, Mohamad, Ali, and Hashim (2021) focused on Malaysian adolescents and

discovered that those with authoritative parents achieved higher academic results compared to

their peers with authoritarian or permissive parents. The research highlighted how parental

involvement plays a crucial role in developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills,

which are particularly vital in STEM education.

A study by Ballenas examined the relationship between parenting styles and academic

performance among learners in private schools in Cagayan de Oro City. The findings indicated

that parents predominantly exhibited an authoritative parenting style, which was associated with

outstanding academic performance in subjects like Mathematics, Science, and English. However,

the study also noted that academic performance was not statistically significant to parenting

styles, highlighting the need for effective parental support in education (Ballenas, 2015) .

Adding to this the study Obiunu (2018), states that parenting style has influence on the

childrens understanding, attitude and their studies or their school performance.The three types of

parenting styles which include the authoritarian, permissive and the authoritative parenting style

have different roles in their childrens. The parenting styles mentioned here have different effects

in children's academic performance.Overall,children grew up that are conservative and more

support by their parents and some of childrens raise letting their child to be neglectful.
 According to the study of Chen, M., and Stevenson, H. W. (2019) ,"Parenting style and

children's academic performance: A cross-cultural study," is primarily concerned with whether

there is a connection between the style of parenting given to children and how those children

perform academically across different cultures. The researchers conducted a cross-cultural study

with parents and their children in China, Japan, and the United States. They established that

despite some cultural variation in parenting, the overall effect of parenting on the performance of

children in school remained consistent in all three cultures. In point of fact, the best results for

children's academic achievement emanated from authoritative parenting, with high warmth and

control levels; This study compares parenting styles and their impact on academic performance

across different cultures, providing insights into the cultural context of parenting and its

influence on children's education.

Another study conducted in Pakistan, their study highlights that authoritative parenting is

generally associated with higher academic achievement, while authoritarian and permissive

styles may lead to lower performance. The research emphasizes the importance of supportive

parenting practices in fostering positive academic environments for children. Overall, it suggests

that effective parenting strategies can significantly influence children's success in school.

(Masud, Ahmad, et.al 2016)

Moreover, research further shows that parenting styles on how the parents raise their

children may influence the development of their personality later in life. Baumrind, D. (2019)

reported on his own research findings that childcare practices antecede three patterns of

adolescent personality. For example, parents who are strict but also loving (authoritative) tend to

raise children who are confident and independent. Parents who are too lenient (permissive) might
raise children who are less confident and withdrawn. Parents who are strict and unloving

(authoritarian) might raise children who are rebellious and have low self-esteem.
REFERENCES:

Sobrebiga, P. J. T., & Medez, S. R. G. (2021). Parenting Styles and Its Influence on the Self-Help

Skills of Kindergarten Learners in a Public School. Philippine Social Science Journal, 4(1), 61-

70.

Jeynes, W. H. (2016). A meta-analysis: The relationship between parental involvement and

African American students' academic achievement. Urban Education, 51(1), 23-58.

Dumont, M., Morrow, R., & Overstreet, S. (2019). Parenting styles and academic achievement in
adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(5), 1250-1260.

Mohamad, N. H., Ali, N. A., & Hashim, H. (2021). Parenting styles and academic performance:
A study among Malaysian adolescents. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 58, 102585

Ballenas, A. P. (2024). Parenting style and support for learners’ academic performance among
private schools. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 22(7), 836-853.

Obiunu, J. J. (2018). Influence of parenting styles on the academic performance of secondary

school students in Ethiope East Local Government Area Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Science
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Chen, M., & Stevenson, H. W. (2019). Parenting style and children's academic performance: A
cross-cultural study. Child Development, 80, 1302-1313

Masud, A., Ahmad, M., & et al. (2016). Parenting styles and academic achievement: A study in
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Baumrind, D. (2019). Childcare practices anteceding three patterns of adolescent personality.

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