Some Special Rules of Voice change

Subject + Verb (Transitive) + Object

I go to school.

I have visited school.

He wants me to do the sum.

This building was built in 1997.

Things are sold cheap here.

We are going to visit America.

He made me do the work.

Who broke the glass? =By whom was the glass broken?

Who knows you here? = To whom are you known here?

What made you laugh? = By what were you made to laugh?

= What were you made to laugh by?

What makes you sad?

What do you like to do? = What is liked to do by you?

Whom did they appoint as Principal? = Who was appointed as
Principal by them?

Hamim broke the glass.

Where have you bought this mobile phone from?

= Where has this mobile phone been bought from by you?

You should abide by the rules of cleanliness.

= The rules of cleanliness should be abided by by you.

Complex Sentence:
Complex Sentence-কে Passive voice েরতে হতে Principal clause ও Sub-ordinate clause
উভতের Passive েরতে হে। Principal clause-এর সাধারণে Object থাতে না। োই উক্ত
অংতের Object হহতসতে It হনতে হে। কেমন—
Active : I know that you helped him.
Passive : It is known to me that he was helped by you.
Active : I thought that Babul had sung a song.
Passive : It was thought by me that a song had been sung by Babul.

কেতন রাত া: Complex Sentence-এর Sub-ordinate clause-এর েহি Object না থাতে েতে উক্ত
অংতের Passive voice েরার িরোর হে না। এ ধরতনর Sentence-এর কেোে Principal
clause-এর subject হহতসতে It হনতেও Passive voice েরা োে। ো ছাড়া sub-ordinate clause-
এর that-সহ পতরর সেটু কুতে Passive েরার সমে োতেের Subject েতর Passive েরা োে।
কেমন—
Active : I know that the he is a good boy
Passive : It is known to me that he is a good boy.
Or : That he is a good boy is known to me.

কেতন রাত া: And দ্বারা িুটি োেে েুক্ত হতে েহি and-এর উভে অংতে Object থাতে েতে উভেই
হনেম অনুোেী পহরেেত ন হতে। আর and-এর পরেেী অংতে কোতনা Object না থােতে প্রথম অংে
ো পূেে
ত েী অংে পহরেহেত ে হে। কেমন—
Active : He ate rice and went to school.
Passive : Rice was eaten by him and (he) went to school.
Active : He ate rice and gave me a pen.
Passive : Rice was eaten and I was given a pen by him.
অতনে সমে Infinitive দ্বারাও Voice change েরা োে। কেমন—I don’t like to be hated.

= I don’t like others to hate me.

= Oishe likes to be rewarded……………….

A bank is going to be opened by the manager.
Complex Sentence :
Complex Sentence-কে Passive voice েরতে হতে Principal clause ও Sub-ordinate clause
উভতের Passive েরতে হে। Principal clause-এর সাধারণে Object থাতে না। োই উক্ত
অংতের Object হহতসতে It হনতে হে।

েক্ষণীে: েেগুতো Verb-এর পতর by preposition না েতস with, at, to ইেোহি েতস। কেমন—
Gratify = gratify with, ---- manner or activity of a person --
--at
please = pleased with,
satisfy = satisfied with,
bless = blessed with,
glad = glad at,
know = known to,
surprise = surprised at,
fill = filled with ইত্যাদি।
Known verb-এর পরর to ও be উভয়ই বরে। যেমন—
He is known to me.
A tree is known by its fruits.

What pleased you here most?

= What were you pleased at most here?

Who pleased you most here ?

= With whom were you pleased most here?

কেতন রাত া: অতনে সমে আত্মপহরচে হিতে হতে ো কোতনা োতের মাধেতম পহরচে হিতে হতে
known-এর পতর by েতস। এতে অতনের সতে পহরচে অতথত Known-এর পতর to েতস। কেমন—
Active : The boy pleased us all.
Passive : We all were pleased by the boy হতে না।
এতক্ষতে হতে-
Passive : We all were pleased with the boy.
Active : Your work satisfied me.
Passive : I was satisfied at your work.
Active : His conduct annoyed me.
Passive : I was annoyed at his conduct.
Active : The book contains useful information.
Passive : Useful information is contained in the book.
কেতন রাত া: অতনে সমে কি া োে Passive voice-এর Doer ো Agent থাতে না। এ ধরতনর
োতেের Voice পহরেেত ন েরতে হতে Someone, People, We, The Boy, He ইেোহিতে Subject
হহতসতে েেেহার েরতে হে। েতে কোতনা োে ে ন এে েেহক্ত দ্বারা েরা সম্ভে ে ন Singular
subject হনতে হে। আর ে ন কোতনা োে এোর পতক্ষ সাধারণে েরা সম্ভে নে ে ন Plural
subject হনতে হে। কেমন—
Passive : My pen was stolen.
Active : Someone stole my pen.
Passive : He is not known here.
Active : None/nobody knows him here.
Passive : He is called a liar.
Active : People/They call him a liar.
কেতন রাত া: Voice Change েরার কক্ষতে। হনম্নহেহ ে Verb-গুতোর Passive voice হে না।
োরণ এরা Intransitive verb : die, appear, seem, disappear, happen, belong, despair,
allude, occur, ensure, wonder, comprise, perish, refer, issue, and indulge ইেোহি।
Incorrect : It was appeared.
Correct : It appeared.
Incorrect : It is happened.
Correct : It happened.
Incorrect : This book is belonged to me.
Correct : This book belongs to me.
Complex Sentence :
কেতন রাত া: Active voice-এ ে ন has to, had to, is going to, was going to, ought to, used
to, have got to ইেোহি উতে থাতে ে ন Passive voice েরার সমে উক্ত verb-গুতোর সতে be
েেেহার েরতে হে। কেমন—
Active : He has to do work.
Passive : The work has to be done by him.
Active : We ought to love our country.
Passive : Our country ought to be loved by us.
Active : They used to burn the dead body.
Passive : The dead body used to be burn by them.
 হেছু েেহেক্রম হনেতমর Voice change:
1. Quasi-passive Verb: Quasi েতের অথত half ো অতধতে। অথতাৎ Half-passive = Quasi-
passive. অেএে েো োে, কেসে Verb Half passive-এর অথত প্রোে েতর োতে Quasi-
passive verb েতে। এতির Passive েরতে হতে হনম্নহেহ ে হনেম অনুসরণ েরতে হতে:
১ নম্বর সূে: Sub + Be verb + Complement + When (if) + It/they +Be verb + Verb-এর
Past participle.
২ নম্বর সূে: Subject + Be verb + Verb-এর Past participle + Complement.
Active : Honey tastes sweet.
Passive : Honey is sweet when it is tasted.
(১ নম্বর সূে)
Honey is tasted sweet. (২ নম্বর সূে)
Active : The bed feels soft.
Passive : The bed is soft when it is felt
The bed is felt soft.
Active : This story reads funny.
Passive : This story is funny when it is read.
This story is read funny.
2. Reflexive Verb:
কে verb-এর Subject এেং Object এেই েেহক্ত োতে Reflexive verb েতে এেং Object-টিতে
Reflexive object েতে। এতে Subject েরা োে না। এতে by-এর পতরই করত হিতে হে।
কেমন—
Active : He hurt himself.
Passive : He was hurt by himself.
Active : She killed herself.
Passive : She was killed by herself.
Active : He poisoned himself.
Passive : He was poisoned by himself.
3. Factitive Object: কেসে Object ক্ষণস্থােী অথতাৎ মানুতের মোমতের ওপর োতির স্থাহেত্ব
হনভত র েতর কসসে Object-কে Factitive object েতে। এতির স্থাহেত্ব স্বল্প হেধাে এতিরতে োতেের
Subject েরা োে না। োই এতির পূেে ত েী Object-কে Subject েতর Passive voice েরতে হে।
কেমন—
Active : We made him captain .
Passive : He was made captain by us.
= Captain was made him by us হতে না।
Active : We call him a fool.
Passive : He is called a fool by us.
= A fool is called him by us হতে না।

Rule 10:
Intransitive verb েুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর েরার হনেম-
োধারনত্ Intransitive verb এর passive voice হয় না। েতে Intransitive verb এর পতর
preposition েুক্ত হতে েহি group verb গঠন েতর এেং ো Intransitive verb হহতসতে েেেহৃে হে োহতে –
Structure: Object টি subject + tense অনুোয়ী Auxiliary verb + verb এর past participle
form + প্রিত্ত preposition + by + subject টির object।
Active: The truck run over the boy.
Passive: The boy was run over by the truck.
Active: They looked at the poor man.
Passive: The poor man was looked at by them.

Rule 11:
Reflexive object (myself, ourselves, yourselves, yourself, themselves, himself, herself) েুক্ত
active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর েরার হনেম-
Structure:
Active voice subject টি অপহরেহেত ে অেস্থাে passive voice এর subject হহতসতে হতে + tense ও
person অনুোেী Auxiliary verb + verb এর past participle form + by + Reflexive object েসতে।
Active: He hanged himself.
Passive: He was hanged by himself.
Active: You killed yourself.
Passive: You were killed by yourself.

Rule 12:
Factitive object/Complementary object েুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর েরার হনেম-
Factitive object/Complementary object( select, elect, nominate, make, call, name ইেোহি
transitive verb থাো সতেও সম্পূণত রুতপ অথত প্রোে েরতে পাতর না। পহরপূণত অথত প্রোে েরার েনে অহেহরক্ত
object আনতে হে। এইরুপ অহেহরক্ত object কে Factitive object/Complementary object েতে।
Structure:
নামবাচক object টির (me, us, you, them, him, her) object টি subject হয়। + tense ও
person অনুোয়ী Auxiliary verb + verb এর past participle form + Factitive object + by +
subject এর object।
Active: They made me captain.
Passive: I was made captain by them.
Active: We call him liar.
Passive: He is called liar by us.

Rule 13:
Cognate object েুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর েরার হনেম-
Cognate object এর সংজ্ঞা – হেছু intransitive verb োতির সমথতে object হনতে transitive verb হহতসতে
েেেহৃে হে। এ ধরতনর object কে Cognate object বরে।
Structure: Object টি subject + tense অনুোয়ী Auxiliary verb + verb এর past participle
form + by + subject টির object।
Active: He caught a fish.
Passive: A fish was caught by him.
Active: You ran a race.
Passive: A race was run by you.

Rule 14:
Infinitive েুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর েরার হনেম-
Structure:
প্রিত্ত active voice এর subject + মূে verb + infinitive এর পররর object (েদি থারক) + to be +
infinitive এর পররর verb এর past participle form.
Active: He wants someone to take camera.
Passive: He wants camera to be taken.
Active: He wants you to write a letter.
Passive: He wants a letter to be taken.

Rule 15:
Gerund combinations অথতাৎ advise/ propose/ recommend/ suggest + gerund + object েুক্ত
active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর েরার হনেম-
Structure:
প্রিত্ত active voice এর subject + মূে verb + that + gerund এর পররর object টি + should be
+ প্রিত্ত gerund টি verb এ রূপান্তদরত্ হরয় verb এর past participle form বরে।
Active: He suggested giving up smoking.
Passive: He suggested that smoking should be given up.
Active: He wanted playing football.
Passive: He wanted that football should be played.

Rule 16:
Agree, be anxious, arrange, determine, be determined, decide, demand, + infinitive + object
object েুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর েরার হনেম-
Structure:
প্রিত্ত active voice এর subject + মূে verb + that + infinitive এর পররর + object + should be
+ infinitive এর পররর verb এর past participle form.
Active: He decided to buy the house.
Passive: He decided that the house should be bought.
Active: You agreed to sell the house.
Passive: You agreed that the house should be sold.

Rule 17:
One + should েুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর েরার হনেম-
Structure:
Object এর subject + should be + verb এর past participle form
Active: One should take care of one’s education.
Passive: Education should be taken care of.
Active: One should tell the truth.
Passive: Truth should be told.

Sample Questions
1. Change the following Active Voice into Passive:
(a) We made him captain.
(b) Always speak the truth.
(c) Do not open the door.
(d) Have you read the book?
(e) He will teach us English.
(f) Who has broken the plate?
(g) The book is printing.
(h) Nobody knows him here.
(i) Whom do you call?
Answer:
(a) He was made captain by us.
(b) Let the truth be always spoken.
(c) Let not the door be opened.
(d) Has the book been read by you?
(e) English will be taught us by him. (or)
We shall be taught English by him.
(f) By whom has the plate been broken?
(g) The book is being printed.
(h) He is not known here
(i) Who is called by?
2. Change the following Passive Voice into Active:
(a) My watch was stolen.
(b) Let a letter be written y me.
(c) Rice is sold in the market.
(d) By whom will the bill be paid?
(e) His brother was hurt by him.
(f) English is spoken all over the world.
(g) The book was placed on the table.
(h) I am surprised at his conduct.
(i) Rome was not built in a day.
(j) He is well known to me.
Answer:
(a) Some one stole my watch.
(b) Let me write a letter.
(c) Rice sells in the market.
(d) Who will pay the bill?
(e) He hurt his brother.
(f) People speak English all over the world.
(g) Someone placed the book on the table.
(h) His conduct surprises me.
(i) The Romans did not build Rome in a day.
(j) I know him well.