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Physical Sciences Grade 10 Term 1 Week 2 - 2021

The document outlines a Grade 10 Physical Sciences lesson plan focused on matter and materials, emphasizing the classification of elements and compounds. It includes aims for learners to write names and formulae of substances, concepts of chemical formulas, naming conventions, and activities for assessment. The lesson also highlights the importance of accuracy in chemical combinations for advancements in fields like medicine.

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macaskyderon
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7 views6 pages

Physical Sciences Grade 10 Term 1 Week 2 - 2021

The document outlines a Grade 10 Physical Sciences lesson plan focused on matter and materials, emphasizing the classification of elements and compounds. It includes aims for learners to write names and formulae of substances, concepts of chemical formulas, naming conventions, and activities for assessment. The lesson also highlights the importance of accuracy in chemical combinations for advancements in fields like medicine.

Uploaded by

macaskyderon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Directorate: Curriculum FET

SUBJECT and Physical Sciences Grade 10


GRADE
TERM 1 Week 2
TOPIC MATTER AND MATERIALS: Revise matter and classification
AIMS OF LESSON The learners must:

1. Write the names of elements and compounds


2. Write the formulae of compounds using the cation and anion tables
RESOURCES Paper based resources Digital resources
Use your own textbook to read up on Names and Formulae of Substances. Complete the
activities in your textbook based on this section.
INTRODUCTION From your previous lesson, you have learnt that:

Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down (divided) into simpler substances by chemical methods
– consisting of one type of atom.

Compounds are substances consisting of two or more different elements – combined chemically.

Pure substances can be classified according to their composition as elements and compounds. Compounds are
combination of elements (for example, sodium chloride) and formulae are a combination of symbols of elements
(for example, NaCl).

CONCEPTS AND 1. A chemical formula represents:


SKILLS
(1) the elements that the compound is made of.
(2) the ratio in which the atoms of different elements have bonded to form a compound.
Example 1: water (H2O)

H2O is the formula for water – consists of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom – it is expressed in the ratio 2:1

Example 2: Carbon dioxide (CO2)

CO2 is the formula for carbon dioxide – consists of 1 carbon atom and 2 oxygen atoms – it is expressed in the ratio
1:2
Example 3: Ammonia (NH3)

NH3 is the formula for ammonia – consists of 1 nitrogen atom and 3 hydrogen atoms – it is expressed in the ratio 1:3

2. Naming compounds:

(1) when there are two elements in the compound, the name ends in -ide, e.g. carbon dioxide
(2) If one of the elements in the compound is a metal (found on the left-hand side of the Periodic Table), the
name of the metal comes first, e.g. sodium chloride (NaCl)
(3) Prefixes – these are words that come in front of the element’s name, are used to indicate the ratio in which
that element occurs in the compound, e.g. carbon dioxide (di means 2 – and there are 2 oxygen atoms in
the compound)

PREFIX MEANING
Mono- One
Di- Two
Tri- Three
Tetra- Four
Penta- Five

(4) A compound can have polyatomic ions or multi atomic ions. When a metal is bonded with an oxygen to
form a negative ion, the name will end with -ate or -ite.
For example, magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and magnesium sulfite (MgSO3).
(5) Metals of the transition elements can form ions with different positive charges. The positive charge is
indicated by a Roman numeral between brackets directly after the name of the metal. For example,
copper (II)chloride (Cu2+ and Cl-2) and copper(III)chloride (Cu3+ and Cl-3)
(6) Acids usually have hydrogen (H) as first part of the formula. For example, hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric
acid (H2SO4)
(7) The hydroxides have a hydroxide (-OH) at the end. For example, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium
hydroxide (KOH).

3. IONS – this is what we call an atom or group atoms with a charge.

Cations are positive ions – are formed when atoms donate electrons to other atoms.
For example, when a sodium atom (Na) donates an electron to another atom, it becomes
a sodium ion (Na+).

Anions are negative ions – are formed when atoms receive electrons from other atoms.
For example, when a chlorine atom (Cl) receives an electron from another atom, it
becomes a chlorine ion (Cl-).

4. Writing formulae:

Compounds Water Carbon dioxide Calcium hydroxide


Charges of Ions H2+ and O2- C 4+ and O2−
2 Ca2+ and OH2−
Number of ions 2 x H and 1 x O 1 x C and 2 x O 1 x Ca and 2 x OH
Formulae H2O CO2 Ca(OH)2
ACTIVITIES/ ACTIVITY:
ASSESSMENT
1. Name the element and give the number of atoms in each substance.

1.1 KOH
1.2 KMnO4
1.3 KClO3

2. Write the names of the following compounds.

2.1 HCl
2.2 MgO
2.3 ZnSO4
2.4 H2CO3
2.5 HNO3

3. Refer to the examples in the table to complete the other formulae in the table.

𝐂𝐥− 𝐎𝟐− 𝐒𝐎𝟐−


𝟒

H+
Ca2+Cl−
2
Ca2+
CaCl2
2 (SO4 )3
Al3+ 2−

Al3+
Al2 (SO4)3
4. Write the formulae of the following substances.

4.1 potassium nitrite


4.2 sodium iodide
4.3 calcium bromide
4.4 magnesium hydroxide
4.5 iron (II) sulfate

CONSOLIDATION • Remember to study your definitions


• Practice the writing of formulae using the correct ions and charges – refer to the cation and anion table
in your prescribed textbook
• Ensure that you are able to write the names of formulae because it is important
• Complete the activities in your textbook – based on this section of Matter and Materials

VALUES The formation of new compounds makes it possible for the medical field to develop new cures and vaccines.
Accuracy and the correct combinations are important.

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