2023 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI ), Jan.

23 – 25, 2023, Coimbatore, INDIA

A IoT based Smart Auto Irrigation system

Ramya Vijay, Yedupati Vishnu Priya, Praveen Chandra Reddy, Monisha S, Vijay Ramasamy*
Department of ECE ,SASTRA University, Tamil Nadu, India
*
2023 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI) | 979-8-3503-4821-7/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICCCI56745.2023.10128325

RKN Designs & Solutions, Tamil Nadu, India

[email protected]

Abstract— Internet of Things (IoT) plays a crowning role in

smart agriculture. Smart irrigation provides precise and II. LITERATURE SURVEY
economic irrigation with lowest manpower. This project will help Recent years several works focus on IoT amplification for
root level farmers to get into smart irrigation system. Smart agriculture. We focused our studies on precise irrigation
irrigation is an empirical concept employs IoT sensors capable of addressing water management. In [5], author presented the
providing information about their agriculture fields and making
precision farming accounting temperature, humidity, sprinkler
irrigation automated by Internet of Things. The significance of
water flow and soil moisture. In [6], author presented irrigation
the proposed solution includes soil characteristics, atmosphere
characteristics and the crop type to schedule the irrigation. In system that soil sensors to get moisture level and object
addition, the proposed system confirms the irrigation accounting proximity. The proposed projects [7-10] illustrates the works
weather forecast dat. A decision tree prediction algorithm is focus on precise irrigation. The outcome of the survey clarifies
employed to analyze the sensed data to decide the irrigation. A there are multiple sensors ben employed to monitor and track
microcontroller-based controller unit communicates with web the irrigation level at the farm. The Fig.1 exemplifies the
server thru wireless communication and turns ON/OFF the number of sensors account for deciding the amount of
motor based on the decision. irrigation level.

Keywords- Internet of Thing; Smart Agriculture; Agri-Tech;

Irrigation; sensors

I. INTRODUCTION (HEADING 1)
In India, agriculture plays a pivotal role in economic
growth involving around 17.8% as of 2022. The growing
population demands raise in food quantity with quality. The
demand and economic growth of the country accelerates the
intensive production in agriculture. The internet of thing (IoT)
technology leads the agriculture industries to provide economic
mass production [2]. The IoT helps in reforming the agriculture Figure 1. No. of irrigation parameters employed in papers [11]
sector by providing an ease platform to integrate various tools In [11] depicts, environment where the parameters
to address several farmer’s challenges on the field. The IoT gathered, choice of parameters, different sensors employed
connects farmers with theirs farm from anywhere at any time. presented in various research contributions. Though, several
Numerous research focuses various sectors in agricultures like solutions prosed to have precise irrigation, we identified there
irrigation management, soil management, precision farming, are few more challenges to be addressed.
life stock monitoring and blockchain with IoT.
a. Each verity of crops demands different irrigation
The knowledge on precise irrigation amount is one the amount (system to be crop independent)
major challenges in agriculture industry. The excess irrigation
as well as lesser irrigation damages the agriculture production b. Seed to cultivation, different levels of irrigation to be
that causes great loss to the formers and landowners. So, in carried out (system should account day of irrigation)
irrigation management, the major objective is to track the water c. Sustainable irrigation system
requirements, analyse the amount required and actuate the
water flow. needs without the participation of human operators In this work, we propose a system, addresses mentioned
is one of the objective of irrigation systems. The tacking of challenges.
water requirement is being done by deploying various sensors
at the field and through microcontroller-based solution to III. SYSTEM LAYOUT & ARCHITECTURE
actuate the water flow [3]. By employing Ethernet, and WIFI,
This work is primarily about the improvement of current
the IoT technology predicts, manage, track, and control the
agricultural practices by using modern technologies for
whole farm from anywhere. The deployed sensors
betterment of agriculture and modernization of the traditional
implemented in farm; weather forecast are the key terms drives
agriculture system with cost effective solution. This paper
smart irrigation systems [4].
includes monitoring temperature, humidity, pH and water level
in agricultural field and from atmosphere through various

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 2023 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI ), Jan. 23 – 25, 2023, Coimbatore, INDIA

sensors. Also, the proposed system is useful in monitoring the • Output - OLED - Passive Matrix is employed to display the
real time field data as well as controlling the field operations motor status. It is a 128 x 64-pixel display. Also, it displays
which makes the system easy and flexible. the choice of crop, type of motor to input our preference.

A. System Layout • Switches – This project uses three switching unit. Two push
buttons and one DPDT switch. The push buttons are used to
Fig. 2 shows the block representation of the proposed select and confirms the crop types at the initial selection.
system. It has two modules, transmitter, and receiver. The DPDT switch helps in selecting type of motor (DOL or
transmitter module comprises of sensor section and radio Contact) employed in filed.
communication unit to transfer the sensed data from the field to
the receiver unit. The receiver module comprises • Solar Panel – 5.3 V, 2.5W panel is used to supply power to
communication unit and control unit. The received real time the transmitter unit.
sensed data are analysed with cloud database to achieve precise
irrigation. C. Methodology
Fig. 3 describes the flow chart of the proposed system.
Initially the transmitter unit is placed at the field powered by
solar panel. The different sensors employed are integrated with
the transmitter unit. Similarly, the receiver unit is placed at
motor control room supplied with electrical power and the
motor line inputs are through the relay unit. The real time
sensed data is fed to the microcontroller. The Lora Transmitter
sends the data as packets to the receiver. The receiver unit
receives the data packets and populate that to the cloud thru the
Figure 2. Block diagram of the proposed irrigation system Wi-Fi technology. Through machine learning algorithm, it
compares the collected data with pre trained data set and
The significance of the proposed smart irrigation system decides when and how much to be irrigated. The final decision
that provides the modular on choice of crop type and irrigation accounts the weather forecast data. This decision has been put
level based on crop type and day of cultivation. Also, the it in one of the fields at cloud. BY reading the toggle on motor
system employs LoRa- point to point communication provides input field, microcontroller controls the motor functionality
large coverage. thru relay system.
Fig.3 shows the prototype of the prosed system. It mimics
the lab test environment.

B. System Specifications
The various units implemented in the proposed system are
described below:
• Sensor Unit – This project utilizes three sensor units.
Using DHT 12, we read atmosphere temperature,
humidity, the One wire temperature sensor is employed
to read soil temperature and a capacitive soil moisture
sensor V1.2 is used to read soil moisture.
• Processing Unit – Arduino Uno is employed in our
transmitter unit. It is an ATmega328P microcontroller
used to collect the real time sensor data and
communicate to the receiver unit through LoRa RA02.
ESP32 is employed at the receiver module. By utilizing
Wi-Fi feature, received data were communicated to the
cloud.
(a)
• Communication Unit – The significance of the
proposed work is communicating sensed data from
transmitter unit to the receiver unit applying LoRa wireless
propagation. Through LoRa point to point communication,
we tested with 4K km line of sight (LoS) communication.
• Relay - A 3.3-volt relay is used to control the motor unit.
The relay receives a signal from the ESP32 whenever it
reads the toggle in motor input field from cloud data.

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 2023 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI ), Jan. 23 – 25, 2023, Coimbatore, INDIA

Fig. 5 depicts the data packets received at the receiver unit,

clarifies the sensed the data from the transmitter unit and the
status on data loaded in cloud and the successful reading of
data from the cloud to control the motor unit.

(b)
Figure 3. Flowchart of the proposed Solution

D. Algorithm
Figure 5, Receiver serial port monitor
The below steps describe the employed decision tree
machine learning algorithm. A decision tree is a type of Fig. 6 describes various fields and data resulted in cloud.
supervised machine learning used to categorize or make There are totally 7 fields employed to store 4 sensed data
predictions based on how a previous set of questions were namely soil moisture, soil humidity, soil temperature,
answered. atmosphere temperature and humidity levels, crop type,
number of packet received and the motor input field.
• Step 1: check for the soil moisture is sufficient
• Step 2: if sufficient, monitor continuously. If not,
check the possibilities of rain.
• Step 3: check how much rainfall is expected and
irrigate the land with water according to the
requirement of the soil and plant
• Step 4: Check for the desire soil temperature
• Step 5: If to the apt level go to step 6. Else wait for
the apt level
• Step 6: Check for the atmospheric temperature to
decide the time of irrigation. If it reads suitable
temperature feed the motor field input as 1, else 0 and
continue from step 1.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The experiment was conducted at lab level by placing
transmitter and receiver connected with the PC to visualize the
result through serial monitor. Fig. 4 shows the experimental
arrangement.

Figure 4. Experimental arrangement

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 2023 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI ), Jan. 23 – 25, 2023, Coimbatore, INDIA

seasonal cultivation. Th system will be a great resource for the

non- agriculture to do forming.

REFERENCES
[1] https://www.india.gov.in/topics/agriculture
[2] B. B. Sinha and R. Dhanalakshmi, “Recent advancements and
challenges of Internet of Things in smart agriculture: A survey,” Future
Generation Computer Systems, vol. 126, pp. 169–184, Jan. 2022.
[3] A. K. Podder et al., “IoT based smart agrotech system for verification of
Urban farming parameters,” Microprocessors and Microsystems, vol. 82,
p. 104025, 2021.
[4] F. J. Ferrández-Pastor, J. M. García-Chamizo, M. Nieto-Hidalgo, and J.
Mora-Martínez, “Precision Agriculture Design Method Using a
Distributed Computing Architecture on Internet of Things Context,”
Sensors 2018, Vol. 18, Page 1731, vol. 18, no. 6, p. 1731, May 2018.
[5] K. Kansara, V. Zaveri, S. Shah, S. Delwadkar, and K. Jani, “Sensor
based Automated Irrigation System with IOT: A Technical Review.”
[6] P. Munoth, R. Goyal, K. Tiwari, and P. D. Scholar, “Sensor based
Irrigation System : A Review.”
[7] S. Jain and V. K. S, “A Survey of the Automated Irrigation Systems and
the Proposal to Make the Irrigation System Intelligent,” International
Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 357–
Figure 6, Cloud field display 360, Jan. 2018.
By reading the input field status the relay unit toggles and [8] O. Debauche, M. El Moulat, S. Mahmoudi, P. Manneback, and F.
Lebeau, “Irrigation Pivot-Center Connected At Low Cost For The
controls the motor. Here, we used two relay systems to trigger Reduction Of Crop Water Requirements.”
contact driven motors. The one of the relays will be in use to [9] L. García, L. Parra, J. M. Jimenez, J. Lloret, and P. Lorenz, “IoT-Based
connect with DOL connection. Smart Irrigation Systems: An Overview on the Recent Trends on
Sensors and IoT Systems for Irrigation in Precision Agriculture,”
Sensors 2020, Vol. 20, Page 1042, vol. 20, no. 4, p. 1042, Feb. 2020.
V. CONCLUSION
The proposed solution is a fully automated irrigation
system fit with any type of motors (single/three phase). The
significance is the end used can use this system for any

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