U.S.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Prepared for the GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS SERIES I–2782
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SHEET 1 OF 2
180° 0°
55° NOTES ON BASE between maps and quadrangles, and most closely resembles lighting conditions –55°

This map is based on data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA; found on imagery. The DEM values were then mapped to a smooth global color Russell
Stokes s
Smith and others, 2001), an instrument on NASA’s Mars Global Surveyor look-up table. Note that the chosen color scheme simply represents elevation NOACHIS ou
E 15 E r 3
0° 21 0° E (MGS) spacecraft (Albee and others, 2001). The image used for the base of this changes and is not intended to imply anything about surface characteristics (for 0° po 33 0° E
21 ° W 0° 33 ° W c o 0°
15
0 W
map represents more than 600 million measurements gathered between 1999 and example, past or current presence of water or ice). These two files were then 3 0 Darwin al s W
60° –60° Ch pe
v 2001, adjusted for consistency (Neumann and others, 2001, 2003) and converted merged and scaled to 1:25 million for the Mercator portion and 1:15,196,708 for Ru
Milankovic
to planetary radii. These have been converted to elevations above the areoid as the two Polar Stereographic portions, with a resolution of 300 dots per inch. The
determined from a martian gravity field solution GMM-2B (Lemoine and others, projections have a common scale of 1:13,923,113 at ±56° latitude.
IA

S
IT

TE
2001), truncated to degree and order 50, and oriented according to current stand-
A S B O NOMENCLATURE AN

COLLES

ON
PL
T R ards (see below). The average accuracy of each point is originally ~100 meters Wegener

usa
Names on this sheet are approved by the IAU and have been applied for features S

M
E
I E in horizontal position and ~1 meter in radius (Neumann and others, 2001). How- YR IS

es
clearly visible at the scale of this map. For a complete list of the IAU-approved

Pity
G M
T A AR U Maraldi Y

Rup
ever, the total elevation uncertainty is at least ±3 m due to the global error in the nomenclature for Mars, see the Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature at IT P
AR H
CH
S L areoid (±1.8 meters according to Lemoine and others [2001]) and regional http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov. Font color was chosen for readability. Names I

Sisy
Daly
uncertainties in its shape (G.A. Neumann, written commun., 2002). The meas- followed by an asterisk are provisionally approved.
A

phi
70° I urements were converted into a digital elevation model (DEM; G.A. Neumann,
M 25M RKN Abbreviation for Mars: 1:25,000,000 series, shaded relief (R), –70° Peneus
written commun., 2002; Neumann and others, 2001; Smith and others 2001)

60 ° E
V Patera
12 0° E

12 0° W

Mo
Lyell i P Pityusa

60 ° W
W

C av

24

30
°W
s with color (K) and nomenclature (N; Greeley and Batson, 1990) L

0
0°
dnu phi

°E
using Generic Mapping Tools software (Wessel and Smith, 1998), with a resolu- Patera*

nte
30
0°

0
Sisy A
24

Cy

s*

E
N Malea

s
upe
tion of 0.015625 degree per pixel or 64 pixels per degree. In projection, the pix- REFERENCES Phillips U Patera*
Korolev M
SCANDIA

els are 926.17 meters in size at the equator. Data are very sparse near the two

ia R
Albee, A.L., Arvidson, R.E., Palluconi, Frank, Thorpe, Thomas, 2001, Overview Mellish * Amphitrites
poles (above 87° north and below 87° south latitude) because these areas were of the Mars Global Surveyor mission: Journal of Geophysical Research, v.
TERRA MALEA

cha
Dana Patera

B re v i a
sampled by only a few off-nadir altimetry tracks. Gaps between tracks of 1–2 106, no. E10, p. 23,291–23,316.

Pa n
Von Karman

es*
km are common, and some gaps of up to 12 km occur near the equator. DEM de Vaucouleurs, Gerard, Davies, M.E., and Sturms, F.M., Jr., 1973, Mariner 9 ius
. Barnard Ax

Mont
points located in these gaps in MOLA data were filled by interpolation. South
areographic coordinate system, in Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 78, s
C av i * Rupes Du Toit
Joly Dorsa Va
lle
yre

Dorsa
80° PROJECTION p. 4395–4404. Ar g A rg e n te
a
–80°
Duxbury, T.C., Kirk, R.L., Archinal, B.A., and Neumann, G.A., 2002, Mars PLANUM

ale
i a The Mercator projection is used between latitudes ±57°, with a central meridian Fontana
Main Mad llis
Geodesy/Cartography Working Group recommendations on Mars carto- Va

Austr
nd at 0° and latitude equal to the nominal scale at 0°. The Polar Stereographic pro- PLANUM*
UNDA EA
a

MPIA graphic constants and coordinate systems, in Joint International Symposium

Sc

pes
AL E* jection is used for the regions north of the +55° parallel and south of the –55° AO
A ON
N IIA
A T
BA LY Ru N Pr o m
O on Geospatial Theory, Processing and Applications, Ottawa, Canada, 2002 eth Holmes

E
parallel with a central meridian set for both at 0°. The adopted equatorial radius PR ei Mitchel

G
Commission IV, Working Group 9—Extraterrestrial Mapping, Proceedings: O

AR
FO C AV I M
is 3396.19 km (Duxbury and others, 2002; Seidelmann and others, 2002).

R
SS

up
AE Ottawa, Canada, International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote

E
Schmidt

es
PLAN
P LA N U
UMM* ANGUSTI

TH
COORDINATE SYSTEM Sensing [http://www.isprs.org/commission4/proceedings/paper.html]. P L A N U M

UM
AO NI A

EI
ST M
PLANUM Greeley, Ronald, and Batson, R.M., 1990, Planetary mapping: Cambridge Uni-

GU NU
The MOLA data were initially referenced to an internally consistent inertial Vishniac Gilbert

ANPLA
versity Press, p. 274–275.

PLANUM*
90° W 270° W coordinate system, derived from tracking of the MGS spacecraft. By adopting 90° W Agassiz
ale
270° W
270° E 90° E Lemoine, F.G., Smith, D.E., Rowlands, D.D., Zuber, M.T., Neumann, G.A., Coblentz Ch a tr 90° E
appropriate values for the orientation of Mars as defined by the International 270° E
AR
P s m a Aus
TA Astronomical Union (IAU) and the International Association of Geodesy (IAG; Chinn, D.S., Pavlis, D.E., 2001, An improved solution of the gravity field of Heaviside V A PROMETHEI
N TA BOREUM
L Seidelmann and others, 2002), these inertial coordinates were converted into the Mars (GMM-2B) from Mars Global Surveyor: Journal of Geophysical Bianchini P

s
US

R u pe
LA
planet-fixed coordinates (longitude and latitude) used on this map. These values Research, v. 106, no. E10, p. 23,359–23,376.
Liais

NUM
FO m a B o r e ale Neumann, G.A., Rowlands, D.D., Lemoine, F.G., Smith, D.E., and Zuber, M.T., Lau Hutton
SS as include the orientation of the north pole of Mars (including the effects of preces- Smith A U S T R A L E Huxley
AE Ch 2001, Crossover analysis of Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter data: Journal of
sion), the rotation rate of Mars, and a value for W0 of 176.630°, where W0 is the ei

*
h
angle along the equator to the east, between the 0° meridian and the equator’s Geophysical Research, v. 106, no. E10, p. 23,753–23,768. et Rayleigh Secchi
TE RRA P ro m
intersection with the celestial equator at the standard epoch J2000.0 (Seidelmann Neumann, G.A., Smith, D.E., and Zuber, M.T., 2003, Two Mars years of clouds Burroughs
and others, 2002). This value of W0 was chosen (Duxbury and others, 2002) in observed by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter: Journal of Geophysical
Steno –80°
80° Research [in press]. Ross Weinbaum
order to place the 0° meridian through the center of the small (~500 m) crater
Airy-0, within the crater Airy (Seidelmann and others, 2002; de Vaucouleurs and Seidelmann, P.K. (chair), Abalakin, V.K., Bursa, Milan, Davies, M.E., De Bergh, Heinlein

T hy
others, 1973). Longitude increases to the east and latitude is planetocentric as Catherine, Lieske, J.H., Oberst, Juergen, Simon, J.L., Standish, E.M., TERRA

les
Lamont
allowed by IAU/IAG standards (Seidelmann and others, 2002) and in accord- Stooke, P.J., and Thomas, P.C., 2002, Report of the IAU/IAG Working Chamberlin Reynolds
ance with current NASA and USGS standards (Duxbury and others, 2002). A Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets
Stoney Byrd
secondary grid (printed in red) has been added to the map as a reference to the and Satellites—2000: Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, v.

R u p es
Wells
west longitude/planetographic latitude system that is also allowed by IAU/IAG 82, p. 83–110.
Smith, D.E., Sjogren, W.L., Tyler, G.L., Balmino, G., Lemoine, F.G., and Kono- Richardson

60 ° W

12 ° W
12 0° E
standards (Seidelmann and others, 2002) and has also been used for Mars. The Dokuchaev
60 ° E

E
s Jeans
30

°E

24
0°
0

0
pliv, A.S., 1999, The gravity field of Mars—Results from Mars Global Sur-
°W

0°
x is R u pe
figure adopted to compute this secondary grid is an oblate spheroid with an

30

24
0

W
V

70° equatorial radius of 3396.19 km and a polar radius of 3376.2 km (Duxbury and veyor: Science, v. 286, p. 94–96. IC A R IA –70°
A I

Sco pul us
Eri dan ia
others, 2002; Seidelmann and others, 2002). Smith, D.E., Zuber, M.T., Frey, H.V., Garvin, J.B., Head, J.W., Muhleman, D.O., Charlier

M
U ly

M
S L Pettengill, G.H., Phillips, R.J., Solomon, S.C., Zwally, H.J., Banerdt, W.B.,

NIU
NU
MAPPING TECHNIQUES Duxbury, T.C., Golombek, M.P., Lemoine, F.G., Neumann, G.A., Rowlands, T E R R A Suess
A

PLA
T

RO
To create the topographic base image, the original DEM produced by the MOLA D.D., Aharonson, Oded, Ford, P.G., Ivanov, A.B., Johnson, C.L., McGovern, Clark
I T E

CH
Lomonosov Trumpler
team in Simple Cylindrical projection with a resolution of 64 pixels per degree P.J., Abshire, J.B., Afzal, R.S., and Sun, Xiaoli, 2001, Mars Orbiter Laser FOSSAE
R TER RA CI M ME RI A
A S B O was projected into the Mercator and Polar Stereographic pieces. A shaded relief
was generated from each DEM with a sun angle of 30° from horizontal and a
Altimeter—Experiment summary after the first year of global mapping of
Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 106, no. E10, p. 23,689–23,722.
Keeler

Wright
sun azimuth of 270°, as measured clockwise from north, and a vertical exaggera- Wessel, Paul, and Smith, W.H.F., 1998, New, improved version of Generic Map-
tion of 100%. Illumination is from the west, which follows a long-standing ping Tools released: Eos, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, S I R E N U M Mendel
60° USGS tradition for planetary maps. This allows for continuity in the shading v. 79, no. 47, p. 579. –60°
30 15 Kuiper
W 0 W
33 ° W 0° 21 ° W 0°
0° 33 0° E 0° 21 0° E
E 3 E 15
Kunowsky

55° –55°
0° 180°
Elevations above 9000 meters
SCALE 1:15 196 708 (1 mm = 15.196708 km) AT 90° LATITUDE SCALE 1:15 196 708 (1 mm = 15.196708 km) AT 90° LATITUDE
–8200 Minimum found only on the larger volcanos 21229 Maximum
POLAR STEREOGRAPHIC PROJECTION POLAR STEREOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
1000 500 0 500 1000 KILOMETERS 1000 500 0 500 1000 KILOMETERS
90° 90° –90° –90°

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NORTH POLAR REGION Elevation in meters SOUTH POLAR REGION

210° E 240° E 270° E 300° E 330° E North 30° E 60° E 90° E 120° E 150° E
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–57° –57°
180° 150° W 120° W 90°W 60° W 30° W 0° 330° W 300° W 270° W 240° W 210° W INTERIOR —GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, RESTON, VA—2003 180°
210° E 240° E 270°E 300° E 330° E South 30° E 60° E 90° E 120° E 150° E

SCALE 1:25 000 000 (1 mm = 25 km) AT 0° LATITUDE Prepared on behalf of the Planetary Geology and Geophysics Pro-
MERCATOR PROJECTION gram, Solar System Exploration Division, Office of Space Science,
2000 1000 500 0 500 1000 2000 KILOMETERS National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Manuscript approved for publication December 17, 2002
±57° ±57°
±40° ±40°
±20° ±20°
0° 0°
Planetographic latitude and west longitude coordinate system is shown in red.
Planetocentric latitude and east longitude coordinate system is shown in black.

Topographic Map of Mars Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for
M 25M RKN descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services, Box 25286,
NOTE TO USERS By Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, 1–800–ASK–USGS
Users noting errors or omissions are urged to indicate them Digital files available on World Wide Web at http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov
on the map and to forward it to the Astrogeology Team, U.S.
Geological Survey, 2255 North Gemini Drive, Flagstaff,
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Arizona 86001. A replacement copy will be returned. 2003 Printed on recycled paper