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Chapter 12_StudyGuide

Chapter 12 provides a comprehensive study guide on the World Wide Web, covering its relationship with the internet, core attributes, and essential components like URLs and HTTP/HTTPS. It discusses the roles of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript in web development, along with the significance of data formats like XML and JSON. The chapter also includes quiz questions, an answer key, and a glossary of key terms related to web technologies.

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Keoh Leong Bee
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4 views

Chapter 12_StudyGuide

Chapter 12 provides a comprehensive study guide on the World Wide Web, covering its relationship with the internet, core attributes, and essential components like URLs and HTTP/HTTPS. It discusses the roles of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript in web development, along with the significance of data formats like XML and JSON. The chapter also includes quiz questions, an answer key, and a glossary of key terms related to web technologies.

Uploaded by

Keoh Leong Bee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 12 - The World Wide Web: A Study Guide

Quiz

1. Explain the relationship between the internet and the World Wide Web. How
are they different, and how does the web rely on the internet?

2. Describe the core attributes of the World Wide Web: distributed,


addressable, and linked. Provide a brief explanation of each attribute.

3. What is a URL, and what are its main components? Briefly describe the
function of the scheme, authority, path, and query parts of a URL.

4. Explain the purpose of HTTP and HTTPS. What is the key difference between
them, and why is HTTPS important for secure communication on the web?

5. Describe the function of three common HTTP methods (verbs) and two
common HTTP status codes. Provide a brief explanation of what each
indicates.

6. What are the three fundamental languages that web browsers understand
and use to construct websites? Briefly explain the primary role of each
language.

7. Explain the concept of HTML tags and elements. Provide an example of a


simple HTML element and describe the function of the start and end tags.

8. What is CSS, and how is it used to style web pages? Describe two ways CSS
rules can be applied to an HTML document.

9. What is JavaScript, and how does it enable interactivity on web pages?


Briefly explain how JavaScript interacts with the DOM.

10. What are XML and JSON, and what is their primary purpose in the context of
the web? Briefly describe one key difference between these two data
formats.

Quiz Answer Key

1. The internet is the underlying global network infrastructure that uses a suite
of protocols to connect computers. The World Wide Web is a system built on
top of the internet, specifically using HTTP to deliver resources. While the
internet is the transport mechanism, the web is the content and
applications accessed through it.

2. Distributed: No single organization controls the content published on the


web; anyone connected to the internet can host a web server. Addressable:
Every resource on the web has a unique address called a URL, which
specifies its location and how to access it. Linked: Web resources can
reference each other through hyperlinks, creating a network of
interconnected information.

3. A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a unique address for every resource on


the web. Its main components include the scheme (protocol like HTTP),
authority (hostname or IP address of the server), path (location of the
resource on the server), and query (optional parameters to modify the
resource).

4. HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is the foundation for data communication


on the web, used for various actions like retrieving and creating resources.
HTTPS (HTTP Secure) is the secure version of HTTP that encrypts the data
transmitted, protecting it from interception and modification. HTTPS is
crucial for privacy and security, especially when transmitting sensitive
information.

5. GET: Retrieves a resource without modifying it. PUT: Creates or modifies a


resource at a specific URL. POST: Creates a new resource as a child of an
existing URL. 200 OK: Indicates that the server successfully fulfilled the
request. 404 Not Found: Indicates that the server did not find the requested
resource at the specified URL.

6. HTML (HyperText Markup Language): Defines the structure and content of a


web page. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets): Defines the visual appearance and
styling of a web page. JavaScript: Defines the behavior and interactivity of a
web page.

7. HTML tags are sets of characters enclosed in angle brackets (< >) that define
parts of an HTML document. An HTML element consists of a start tag, an end
tag (usually, indicated by a slash in the start tag, e.g., </p>), and the content
in between. For example, <p>This is text.</p> is a paragraph element, with
<p> as the start tag and </p> as the end tag, and "This is text." as the content.

8. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language used to describe how HTML


elements should be displayed. CSS rules can be applied internally by
including them within a <style> element in the HTML or externally by linking
to a separate .css file using the <link> tag in the HTML's <head> section.

9. JavaScript is a programming language that enables web pages to respond to


user actions and perform tasks dynamically, adding interactivity. It interacts
with an HTML page through the Document Object Model (DOM), which is a
programmable representation of the page's structure. JavaScript can
manipulate the DOM to change the content and appearance of the displayed
web page.

10. XML (Extensible Markup Language) and JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)
are text-based data formats used for structuring and exchanging data on the
web, particularly for web services. A key difference is that XML uses markup
tags to describe data, making it more verbose, while JSON uses a key-value
pair structure similar to JavaScript objects, resulting in a more compact
format.

Essay Format Questions

1. Discuss the evolution of the World Wide Web, highlighting key architectural
principles and the significance of its distributed and linked nature. How have
these attributes contributed to its widespread adoption and impact?

2. Compare and contrast HTTP and HTTPS, detailing the mechanisms behind
secure communication on the web. Explain the importance of HTTPS in
today's digital landscape and the factors driving its increasing adoption.

3. Analyze the roles of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript in the development of


modern websites. How do these three languages work together to create
structured, styled, and interactive user experiences?

4. Evaluate the shift from primarily static websites to dynamic websites and
the recent trend back towards static site generation. Discuss the advantages
and disadvantages of each approach from both a development and
performance perspective.

5. Examine the impact of web browsers and web servers on the functionality
and accessibility of the World Wide Web. How have the evolution of browser
technologies and server-side capabilities shaped the user experience and
the development of web applications?

Glossary of Key Terms

• Internet: A globally connected network of computer networks that


communicate using a standard suite of protocols (TCP/IP).

• World Wide Web (Web): A system of interconnected resources (documents,


images, etc.) accessed via the internet using HTTP.

• HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol): The application layer protocol used for
transmitting web resources over the internet.

• HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure): A secure version of HTTP that


encrypts communication using protocols like TLS/SSL.
• URL (Uniform Resource Locator): A unique address that identifies a resource
on the web, including its location and how to access it.

• Web Server: A computer or software application that hosts web resources


and responds to requests from web browsers.

• Web Browser: A software application used to access, view, and interact with
content on the World Wide Web.

• Web Page: A document, typically written in HTML, that is viewed in a web


browser.

• Website: A collection of related web pages, images, and other resources


hosted on one or more web servers, usually accessible under a common
domain name.

• Hyperlink (Link): A reference in a hypertext document to another resource,


allowing users to navigate between them.

• Hypertext Document: A document containing hyperlinks to other related


documents.

• HTML (HyperText Markup Language): A markup language used to define the


structure and content of a web page using tags and elements.

• CSS (Cascading Style Sheets): A style sheet language used to describe the
presentation and formatting of a document written in HTML or XML.

• JavaScript: A programming language that enables dynamic and interactive


content on web pages, often used to manipulate the DOM.

• DOM (Document Object Model): A programming interface for web


documents, representing the page as a tree structure that can be
manipulated by JavaScript.

• XML (Extensible Markup Language): A markup language designed for


transporting and storing data, allowing for custom tags to describe data
structure.

• JSON (JavaScript Object Notation): A lightweight data-interchange format


that uses a key-value pair structure, commonly used by web services.

• Static Website: A website where the content (HTML, CSS, JavaScript files) is
stored on the server as is and served to the browser without server-side
processing for each request.
• Dynamic Website: A website where the server processes requests and
generates HTML (or other content) on the fly, often interacting with
databases.

• User Agent: A software application (like a web browser) that acts on behalf of
a user and makes requests to servers. The user agent string identifies the
browser and its environment.

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