Answers: (2022-23 HKMO Final Events) Created by: Mr.

Francis Hung

Individual Events
I1 A 1 I2  119999 I3 A 16 I4  1
81 1
B 10  =5 B 399  8
16 16
C 42  –4 C 800  0
D 1260  495 D 4  110
Group Events
10
G1 X 10 G2 Min 855 G3 s G4 積 1
11
1 186 3
x5 − 1364 no. opp. 10 8 ECBF m 0
x5 see the remark
2
Area 2 H.C.F. 9 f(–1) 2 體積
12
25
2023位 7 Probability 0.001215 Area 12 − P的位數 34
9

Individual Event 1

I1.1 若 A 是 20232024 的個位數，求 A 的值。

If A is the units digit of 20232024 , find the value of A .

Reference: 2014 FI2.4

31  3, 32  9, 33  7, 34  1 (mod 10) 31  3, 32  9, 33  7, 34  1 (mod 10)

這個數字的規律每隔 4 的倍數重複一次。 This pattern repeats for every multiples of 4.

2024 = 4506 2024 = 4506

20232024  (34)506 (mod 10) 20232024  (34)506 (mod 10)

 1506 (mod 10)  1506 (mod 10)

A=1 A=1

I1.2 若 B 是 336A 和 528A 的正公因數的數量，求 B 的值。

If B is the number of positive common factors of 336A and 528A , find the value of B .

Reference: 1998 FI1.4

336 = 2437 336 = 2437

528 = 24311 528 = 24311

正公因數的數量 = (4 + 1)(1 + 1) = 10 = B No. of common factors = (4 + 1)(1 + 1) = 10 = B

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Answers: (2022-23 HKMO Final Events) Created by: Mr. Francis Hung

I1.3 下圖是一個未完成的九宮格，每一格須填入一個正整數
C 16 2B C 16 20
使得每一行、每一列和每一對角綫上的三個數字總和相
等。求 C 的值。 4 4 x y
A 33 grid is partially completed as shown below. Fill
each square of the grid with a positive integer such that the z t v
sum of the three numbers in each row, column and each
diagonal are equal. Find the value of C . Reference: 2019 FG3.3
設其他未填的空格為 x、y、z、t 及v 如圖所示。 Let the other empty cells be x, y, z, t and v as
設每一行、列和斜行之和為 s。 shown. Let the sum be s .
s = C + 16 + 20  (1), s = 4 + x + y  (2) s = C + 16 + 20  (1), s = 4 + x + y  (2)
s = C + 4 + z  (3), s = C + x + v  (4) s = C + 4 + z  (3), s = C + x + v  (4)
s = z + t + v  (5), s = 16 + x + t  (6) s = z + t + v  (5), s = 16 + x + t  (6)
s = 20 + y + v  (7), s = 20 + x + z  (8) s = 20 + y + v  (7), s = 20 + x + z  (8)
(1) = (4) x + v = 36  (9) (1) = (4) x + v = 36  (9)
(2) = (7): x = 16 + v  (10) (2) = (7): x = 16 + v  (10)
代(10)入(9)：16 + v + v = 36  v = 10  (11) Sub. (10) into (9): 16 + v + v = 36  v = 10 (11)
(1) = (3)：z + 4 = 16 + 20 (1) = (3): z + 4 = 16 + 20
z = 32  (12) z = 32  (12)
(2) = (8) 及代 (12)：4 + x + y = 20 + x + 32 (2) = (8) and sub. (12): 4 + x + y = 20 + x + 32
y = 48  (13) y = 48  (13)
(2) = (6) and sub. (13): 4 + x + 48 = 16 + x + t
(2) = (6) 及代 (13): 4 + x + 48 = 16 + x + t
t = 36  (14)
t = 36  (14)
(4) = (8), sub. (11),(12): C + x + 10 = 20 + x + 32
(4) = (8)及代(11)，(12): C + x + 10 = 20 + x + 32 C = 42
C = 42

C
I1.4 有 對夫婦參加了一個派對，即在派對上共有C人。在這個派對上，沒有人會和同一位
2
客人重複地握手。此外，每位丈夫都會和他妻子以外的所有客人握手，而妻子們不會與
其他妻子握手，但會和其他客人握手。D是在這派對上 C 人之間握手的總數，求D的值。
C
couples are attending a party, which means that there are C people present. At this party, no
2
one will shake hands repeatedly with the same guest. The party also has the condition that each
husband will shake hands with every guest except his own wife, and wives will shake hands
with every guest except other wives. D represents the total number of handshakes between the
C people at the party. Find value of D .
一共有21名丈夫及21名妻子。 Altogether there are 21 husbands and 21 wives.
每一名丈夫與40名其他客人握手。 For each husband, he will shake hands with 40 other persons.
每一名妻子與20名其他丈夫握手。 For each wife, she will shake hands with 20 other husbands.
D = 2140 +2120 = 1260 D = 2140 +2120 = 1260

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Answers: (2022-23 HKMO Final Events) Created by: Mr. Francis Hung

Individual Event 2
I2.1 找出一個能被 11 整除，且各數位之和是 38 的最小正整數 。
Find the smallest positive integer  that is divisible by 11 and the sum of its digits is equal to
38.
設 = a1b1a2b2 anbn . Let  = a1b1a2b2 anbn .
( a1 + a2 + + an ) − ( b1 + b2 + + bn ) = 11m (1) ( a1 + a2 + + an ) − ( b1 + b2 + + bn ) = 11m (1)
( a1 + a2 + + an ) + ( b1 + b2 + + bn ) = 38 (2) ( a1 + a2 + + an ) + ( b1 + b2 + + bn ) = 38 (2)
要使得為最小，m = 0。 For the smallest , m = 0.
a1 + a2 + + an = b1 + b2 + + bn = 19 a1 + a2 + + an = b1 + b2 + + bn = 19
a1 = 1 = b1 , a2 = a3 = b2 = b3 = 9 a1 = 1 = b1 , a2 = a3 = b2 = b3 = 9
 = 119999  = 119999
I2.2 若  的最後一位數字是 ´。C1 是正方形 S1 的外接圓，它
的半徑為 ´，C2 是正方形 S1 的內切圓；同時也是正方形 S2
的外接圓，如此類推。求正方形 S6 的面積 。
Let ´ be the last digit of . A circle C 1 of radius ´ circumscribes
a square S1 which inscribes a circle C2.
C2 circumscribes square S2 and so forth indefinitely.
Find the area  of the square S6 .

設圓形C1、C2、、C6 的半徑為r1、r2、、r6。 Let the radii of C1, C2,  , C6 be r1, r2,  , r6.
設正方形S1、S2、、S6的邊長為x1、x2、、x6。Let the sides of S1, S2,  , S6 be x1, x2,, x6.
r1 = 9, 2x12 = 182  x1 = 9 2 r1 = 9, 2x12 = 182  x1 = 9 2
9
( ) 9
( )
2 2
2r2 = 9 2  r2 = , 2 x22 = 9 2  x2 = 9 2r2 = 9 2  r2 = , 2 x22 = 9 2  x2 = 9
2 2
1
x1、x2、、x6 形成一等比數列，公比= 。x1, x2,  , x6 form a geometric sequence with
2 1
6 −1 common ratio .
 1  9 9 2
x6 = 9 2    = =
( )
4
 2 2 4  1 
6 −1
9 9
x6 = 9 2    = =
( )
4
2  2 2 4
 9  81 1
 =  = =5
 4  16 16 2
 9  81 1
 =  = =5
 4  16 16
I2.3 設  的整數部分是 []。若 m、n 為整數，方程 x3 + nx2 + mx + [] = 0 有三個整數根。
假設這三個根不全是正整數，若  = n – m，求  的值。
Let [] be the integral part of  .
The equation x3 + nx2 + mx + [] = 0 , where m, n are integers, has three integral roots.
Suppose that the roots are not all positive, if  = n – m, find the value of  .
x + nx2 + mx + 5 = 0
3
x3 + nx2 + mx + 5 = 0
5 的因子是 1, 5. Factors of 5 are 1, 5.
這三個根不全是正整數 The roots are not all positive
 x3 + nx2 + mx + 5  (x – 1)(x – 5)(x + 1)  x3 + nx2 + mx + 5  (x – 1)(x – 5)(x + 1)
x3 – 5x2 – x + 5 = 0, n = –5, m = –1 x3 – 5x2 – x + 5 = 0, n = –5, m = –1
 = n – m = –5 – (–1) = –4  = n – m = –5 – (–1) = –4

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Answers: (2022-23 HKMO Final Events) Created by: Mr. Francis Hung

I2.4 在 x-y 座標平面上，每一步移動都包含 x 座標和 y 座標分別增加(或減少)1 個單位(即對

角綫移動)。若  是由 (0, 0) 開始行走 12 步後到達 (, ) 的方法的數目，求  的值。

On the x-y coordinate plane, a move consists of independently increasing (or decreasing)
x-coordinate and y-coordinate by 1 (i.e. moving diagonally). If  is the number of ways to start
from (0, 0), make 12 moves and end at (, ) , find the value of  .
由(0, 0) 移動12步到達(–4, –4)。 From (0, 0) moves 12 steps to (–4, –4).

可能的步法 Possible movements

= –1–1–1–1+(1–1)+(1–1)+(1–1)+(1–1) = –1–1–1–1+(1–1)+(1–1)+(1–1)+(1–1)

及以上項目的不同掉動。 and different arrangements of these terms

We put 8 ‘–1’ into 12 positions and 4‘1’ into the
我們將8個‘–1’放在12個位置上及4個‘1’放在
remaining positions.
其餘位置上。
12 1110  9
12 1110  9  = C412 = = 495
 = C412 = = 495 1 2  3  4
1 2  3  4

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Answers: (2022-23 HKMO Final Events) Created by: Mr. Francis Hung

Individual Event 3
I3.1 已知 m 和 n 均為正整數。如果 m + n + mn = 76 及 A = m + n，求 A 的值。
Given that m and n are positive integers. If m + n + mn = 76 and A = m + n, find the value of A.
Reference: 2023 HI2
m + n + mn = 76  m + n + mn + 1 = 77 m + n + mn = 76  m + n + mn + 1 = 77
(m + 1)(n + 1) = 711 (m + 1)(n + 1) = 711
(m + 1, n + 1) = (1, 77), (7, 11), (11, 7)或(77, 1) (m + 1, n + 1) = (1, 77), (7, 11), (11, 7) or (77, 1)
(m, n) = (0, 76), (6, 10), (10, 6)或(76, 0) (m, n) = (0, 76), (6, 10), (10, 6) or (76, 0)
 m 和 n 均為正整數  m, n are positive integer
 (m, n) = (6, 10) or (10, 6)  (m, n) = (6, 10) or (10, 6)
A = m + n = 16 A = m + n = 16

( 401) − 100A ，求 B 的值。

2
I3.2 如果 B =

( 401) − 100A , find the value of B .

2
If B =

( 401) − 100 16

2
B=
= 4012 − 402 = ( 401 + 40)( 401 − 40)
= 441 361 = 212 192
2023FI3.3
= 2119 = (20 + 1)(20 – 1) = 202 – 12 = 399
I3.3 在 x-y 座標平面上，由 (B + 1, 0)、(–B – 1, 0)、(0, 1) 及 (0, –1)所 y
形成的面積為 C 平方單位，求 C 的值。 (0,1)
The area of the rhombus on the x-y coordinate plane with vertices x
(B + 1, 0), (–B – 1, 0), (0, 1) and (0, –1) is C square units. (-400,0) O (400,0)
Find the value of C . (0,-1)
1
C = 1 − ( −1)    400 − ( −400 ) 
2
= 800
1

C D
I3.4 如果 D 是正整數且  + 56  = D，求 D 的值。
4 
1

C D
If D is a positive integer such that  + 56  = D, find the value of D .
4 
1

 800 D
 + 56  = D
 4 
( 256)
1
D
=D
4 4 = DD
D=4

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Answers: (2022-23 HKMO Final Events) Created by: Mr. Francis Hung

Individual Event 4
1 B
I4.1 在三角形ABC中，C = 90，DE ⊥ BC，BE = AC，BD =
2
及 DE + BC = 1。如果  = 4ED，求  的值。
E D
1
In triangle ABC, C = 90, DE ⊥ BC , BE = AC, BD = and DE + BC = 1.
2
If  = 4ED, find the value of  . Reference: 2015 FI3.4 C A

Let ED = x, BE = y Let ED = x, BE = y
Then AC = y, BC = 1 – x Then AC = y, BC = 1 – x
BED ~ BCA (equiangular) BED ~ BCA (equiangular)
ED AC ED AC
= (cor. sides, ~s) = (cor. sides, ~s)
BE BC BE BC
x y x y
=  y2 = x(1 – x) =  y2 = x(1 – x)
y 1− x y 1− x
2 2 2
BE + ED = BD (Pythagoras’ theorem) BE2 + ED2 = BD2 (Pythagoras’ theorem)
1 1 1 1 1 1
y2 + x2 =  x(1 – x) + x2 =  x = ED = y2 + x2 =  x(1 – x) + x2 =  x = ED =
4 4 4 4 4 4
 = 4ED = 1  = 4ED = 1
I4.2 若 f(a) = a – 2，且 F(a, b) = b + a +  及  = F(3, f(4))，求  的值。
2

If f(a) = a – 2 , F(a, b) = b2 + a +  and  = F(3, f(4)), find the value of  .

Reference: 1990 HI3 2013 FI3.2 2015 FI4.3
f(4) = 4 – 2 = 2
F(3, f(4)) = F(3, 2) = 22 + 3 + 1 = 8
=8
 x 2 − 3xy + 2 y 2 − z 2 = 31
I4.3 如果方程組 − x 2 + 6 yz + 2 z 2 = 44 整數解的數量是  ，求  的值。
 x + xy
2
+   z 2 = 100
 x 2 − 3xy + 2 y 2 − z 2 = 31
If the system of equations − x 2 + 6 yz + 2 z 2 = 44 has  sets of integral solutions,
 x 2 + xy +   z 2 = 100
find the value of  .
(1) + (2) + (3): (x2 – 2xy + y2) + (y2 + 6yz + 9z2) = 175  (x – y)2 + (y + 3z)2 = 175
設 a = (x – y)、b = (y + 3z)，則 a、b 為整數 Let a = (x – y), b = (y + 3z), then a, b are integers
a2 + b2 = 175 a2 + b2 = 175
若 a、b 均為雙數，則 L.H.S. = 雙數  R.H.S. If both a, b are even, then L.H.S. = even  R.H.S.
若 a、b 均為單數，設 a = 2m + 1，b = 2n + 1 If both a, b are odd, let a = 2m + 1, b = 2n + 1
4m2 + 4m + 1 + 4n2 + 4n + 1 = 175 4m2 + 4m + 1 + 4n2 + 4n + 1 = 175
4(m2 + m + n2 + n) = 173 4(m2 + m + n2 + n) = 173
L.H.S. = 4 的倍數  R.H.S. L.H.S. = multiple of 4  R.H.S.
If a = 2m + 1, b = 2n
若 a = 2m + 1，b = 2n
4m2 + 4m + 1 + 4n2 = 175
4m2 + 4m + 1 + 4n2 = 175 4(m2 + m + n2) = 174
4(m2 + m + n2) = 174
L.H.S. = multiple of 4  R.H.S.
L.H.S. = 4 的倍數  R.H.S. If a = 2m, b = 2n + 1
若 a = 2m，b = 2n + 1 4m2 + 4n2 + 4n + 1 = 175
2 2
4m + 4n + 4n + 1 = 175 4(m2 + n2 + n) = 174
2 2
4(m + n + n) = 174 L.H.S. = multiple of 4  R.H.S.
L.H.S. = 4 的倍數  R.H.S. In all cases, there are no integral solutions
以上所有情況，均沒有整數解。  = 0 =0

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Answers: (2022-23 HKMO Final Events) Created by: Mr. Francis Hung

I4.4 在三角形ABC中，AB ＝ AC，A = 40 +  。點 O 在三角形ABC內且 A

OBC = OCA。如果 BOC = ，求  的值。 40

O
In a triangle ABC, AB ＝ AC, A = 40 +  . Point O is inside the triangle ABC x
x
B C
with OBC = OCA. If BOC = , the value of  .

A = 40 A = 40
ABC = ACB (等腰三角形底角) ABC = ACB (base s, isos. )

180 − 40 180 − 40
= (三角形內角和) = ( sum of )
2 2
= 70 = 70

Let OBC = OCA = x Let OBC = OCA = x

BCO = 70 – x BCO = 70 – x

在BOC 中， In BOC,

x +  + (70 – x) = 180 (三角形內角和) x +  + (70 – x) = 180 ( sum of )

 = 110
 = 110

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Answers: (2022-23 HKMO Final Events) Created by: Mr. Francis Hung

Group Event 1
G1.1 有 100 個燈泡，編號從 1 到 100。班上有 100 名學生。每個學生輪流按下燈泡開關，
情序如下：第一個學生按下編號為 1 及其倍數的燈泡開關，第二個學生按下編號為2及
其倍數的燈泡開關，以此類推。每個學生只出來一次。如果燈泡亮著，按下開關後就會
熄滅，反之亦然。一開始所有燈泡都是熄滅的。X 代表在第 100 個學生按下開關後，
燈泡亮著的數量。求 X 的值。
There are 100 light bulbs labeled from 1 to 100, and there are 100 students in the class. Each
student takes a turn to press the switch buttons of the light bulbs with a label that is a multiple
of their assigned number. For example, the first student presses the switch buttons of the light
bulb with label 1 and all of its multiples, the second student presses the switch buttons of the
light bulb with label 2 and all of its multiples, and so on. Each student will only come out once,
and if a light bulb is on, it becomes off after being pressed, and vice versa. All the light bulbs
are off at the beginning. X is the number of light bulbs that are on after the 100th student presses.
Find the value of X . Reference: IMO (HK Preliminary Selection Contest) 2000 Q8
若某編號的燈泡有 n 個正因子（包括 1 及該編 A light bulb was switched n times if it has n factors
號)，則它會被按下 n 次。除了平方數之外，其 (including 1 and itself). As factors of a number
餘的正整數均有雙數數目的正因子。因此，編 occur in pairs, numbers have even numbers of
號為 1、4、9、16、25、35、49、64、81 及 100 factors except perfect squares. Therefore, only
light bulbs numbered 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81
的燈泡最後仍亮著。在第 100 個學生按下開關
and 100 are still ‘on’. There are 10 light bulbs will
後，一共有 10 個燈泡亮著。X = 10 be ‘on’ after tthe 100th student presses. X = 10
1 1
G1.2 已知 x + = 2 5 。求 x 5 − 5 的值。
x x
1 1
Given that x + = 2 5 . Find the value of x 5 − 5 . Reference: 2015 FG4.3
x x
2
 1 1 1
 x +  = x + 2 + 2 = 20  x + x 2 = 18
2 2

 x x
2
 2 1 1 1
 x + 2  = x + 2 + 4 = 324  x + 4 = 322
4 4

 x  x x
2
 1 1 1
 x −  = x − 2 + 2 = 18 − 2 = 16  x − = 4
2

 x x x
1  1  1 1 
x 5 − 5 =  x −  x 4 + x 2 + 1 + 2 + 4 
x  x  x x 
= 4  ( 322 + 18 + 1) = 1364
G1.3 右圖中，ABC 是一個等腰三角形，其中A = 90 及 AB = 2。
圖中有三個弧，它們分别是弧 BFC、弧 AD 和弧 AE。弧
BFC 是以 A 為圓心、AB 為半徑畫出的。弧 AD 是以 B 為
圓心、AB 為半徑畫出的。弧 AE 是以 C 為圓心、AC 為半
徑畫出的。求這個圖形的陰影面積。（取 π = 3）
In the above figure, ABC is an isosceles triangle, where
A = 90 and AB = 2. The figure includes three arcs: arc BFC,
arc AD, and arc AE. Arc BFC has a radius of AB and is drawn from centre A. Arc AD is drawn
from centre B with radius AB, while arc AE is drawn from centre C with radius AC.
Find the area of this shaded region. (Take π = 3)
 1   1 
陰影面積= 2   22 −  2  2  Shaded area = 2   22 −  2  2 
4 2  4 2 
=2 =2

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Answers: (2022-23 HKMO Final Events) Created by: Mr. Francis Hung

G1.4 使用正整數序列1、2、3、4、5、6 等等，通過將它們連接起來形成一個新的整數：

123456789101112131415161718  這個整數的最左邊的數位被定義為第一個數位。
問在第 2023 數位是 0 至 9 的哪一個數？
Using the sequence of positive integers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and so on, a new integer is formed by
concatenating them: 123456789101112131415161718 The leftmost digit in this integer is
defined as first position. What is the digit at position 2023?
Reference: 1999 HG5
1, 2,  ,9 9 位 9 digits
10, 11,  , 99 902 = 180 位 902 = 180 digits
100, 101,  , 999 9003 = 2700 位 9003 = 2700 digits
2023 – 9 – 180 = 1834 = 3611 + 1
由 100 開始，第 611 個整數是 710。 Starting from 100, the 611 th integer is 710.
第 612 個整數是 711。 The 612th integer is 711.
第 2023 位是 7。 The 2023th digit is 7.

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Answers: (2022-23 HKMO Final Events) Created by: Mr. Francis Hung

Group Event 2
G2.1 假如 x 和 y 都是正整數且它們的和是 15，找出 x3 + y3 的最小值。
Find the minimum value of x3 + y3 if x and y are two positive integers whose sum is 15.
x + (15 – x)3
3 x3 + (15 – x)3
= (x + 15 – x)[x2 – x(15 – x) + (15 – x)2] = (x + 15 – x)[x2 – x(15 – x) + (15 – x)2]
2
= 15(3x – 45x + 225) = 15(3x2 – 45x + 225)
= 45(x2 – 15x + 75) = 45(x2 – 15x + 75)
2
= 45[(x – 7.5) +18.75] = 45[(x – 7.5)2 +18.75]
 x 是正整數  x is a positive integer
 當x = 7 或 8 時，該算式達到最小  The minimum value is attained when x = 7 or 8
3
最小值 = 7 + 8 = 855 3 Minimum value = 73 + 83 = 855
G2.2 有一顆骰子，它的六個面上分別寫上數字 6 至 11。現投擲這顆骰子兩次，
第一次得知四個側面的數字和是 36，第二次的數字和是 33。
請問數字 10 的對面是甚麼數字？
A cubic dice has faces marked with numbers from 6 to 11. The dice was rolled twice. At the
first time, the sum of the numbers on the four lateral faces was 36.
At the second time, the sum was 33. What number is on the face opposite to the one with the
number 10?
將骰子的點數寫成 5+1,5+2,5+3,5+4,5+5,5+6 Regard the numbers as 5+1,5+2,5+3,5+4,5+5,5+6
36 = 54 +16, 33 = 54 + 13 36 = 54 +16, 33 = 54 + 13
16 = 2+3+5+6 = 1+4+5+6 16 = 2+3+5+6 = 1+4+5+6
13 = 1+2+4+6 = 1+3+4+5 13 = 1+2+4+6 = 1+3+4+5
情況 1: 2+3+5+6 及 1+2+4+6 Case 1: 2+3+5+6 and 1+2+4+6
情況 2: 2+3+5+6 及 1+3+4+5 Case 2: 2+3+5+6 and 1+3+4+5
情況 3: 1+4+5+6 及 1+2+4+6 不可能 Case 3: 1+4+5+6 and 1+2+4+6 impossible
Case 4: 1+4+5+6 and 1+3+4+5 impossible
情況 4: 1+4+5+6 及 1+3+4+5 不可能
The number opposite to 5+5 is 3+5 = 8
5+5 對面的點數為 3+5 = 8
G2.3 找出 1012 + 809 和 1010 + 8 的最大公因數。
Find the greatest common divisor of 10 12 + 809 and 1010 + 8 .
12
10 + 809 = 9111111111201 1012 + 809 = 9111111111201
1010 + 8 = 9138888889 1010 + 8 = 9138888889
1012 + 809 和 1010 + 8的其中一個公因數是9。 9 is a common factor of 10 12 + 809 and 1010 + 8
1012 + 809 = 100(1010 + 8) + 9 1012 + 809 = 100(1010 + 8) + 9
1(1012 + 809) – 100(1010 + 8) = 9 1(1012 + 809) – 100(1010 + 8) = 9
利用輾轉相除法的逆定理 By the converse of Eucliean algorithm,
最大公因數 = 9 The H.C.F. = 9
G2.4 在直角坐標平面上，香港的坐標是 (0, 0)，颱風是 (4, –2)。假設颱風向西（左）移動時，
概率為 0.1，和向北（上）移動時，概率為 0.9，而且只能在移動一個單位距離後才可改
變方向，請問這個颱風遇到香港的概率是多少？（答案需準確至四位有效數字。）
Hong Kong is located at (0, 0) of a grid map and a typhoon is at (4, –2). Suppose the typhoon
will only move to the west (left) with a probability of 0.1 or to the north (up) with a probability
of 0.9 , and may only change course after moving one unit distance. What is the probability that
it will hit Hong Kong? (Give your answer in 4 significant figures.)
設 L = 颱風向西移動一格 Let L = the typhoon moves to the west one unit
設 L = 颱風向北移動一格 Let U = the typhoon moves to the north one unit
以 下 為 這 個 颱 風 遇 到 香 港 的 可 能 路 徑 : One possible way to hit Hong Kong: LLLLUU.
LLLLUU及LLLLUU的不同排列。. and different arrangements of LLLLUU
Probability = C26  0.14  0.92 = 0.001215
概率= C26  0.14  0.92 = 0.001215

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Answers: (2022-23 HKMO Final Events) Created by: Mr. Francis Hung

Group Event 3
1
G3.1 設 an 為序列且 an = 。如果 s = a1 + a2 + a3 + + a120 ，求𝑠的值。
( n + 1) n + n n +1
1
Let an be a sequence such that .
( n + 1) n + n n +1
Find the value of s where s = a1 + a2 + a3 + + a120 .
1 1

( n + 1) n − n n + 1
=
( n + 1) n + n n + 1 ( n + 1) n + n n + 1 ( n + 1) n − n n + 1
( n + 1) n − n n + 1 ( n + 1) n − n n +1
= =
( n + 1)2 n − n2 ( n + 1) n ( n + 1)
1 1
= −
n n +1
s = a1 + a2 + a3 + + a120
 1   1 1   1 1 
= 1 − + − + + − 
 2  2 3  120 121 
1 1 10
=1− =1− =
121 11 11
G3.2 設 ABCD 為 平 行 四 邊 形 且 AB = 40 ， AD = 24 及 E
D C
DB = 56。DAB的角平分線與DC相交於E點，且對
角線DB與 AE相交於F點。求四邊形ECBF的面積。 56
Let ABCD be a parallelogram with AB = 40, AD = 24 F
24
and DB = 56 . The angle bisector of DAB meets side
DC at the point E , and the diagonal DB meets AE at A B
40
the point F . Find the area of the quadrilateral ECBF .
242 + 402 − 562 1 242 + 402 − 562 1
cosBAD = = − , BAD = 120 cosBAD = = − , BAD = 120
2  24  40 2 2  24  40 2
BAE = DAE = 60 BAE = DAE = 60
利用角平分綫定理, BF : DF = AB : AD By angle bisector theorem, BF : DF = AB : AD
設BF = 40k，DF = 24k Let BF = 40k, DF = 24k
BF + DF = BD  40k + 24k = 56  8k = 7 BF + DF = BD  40k + 24k = 56  8k = 7
BF = 5(8k) = 35, DF = 3(8k) = 21 BF = 5(8k) = 35, DF = 3(8k) = 21
40 + 56 − 24 13
2 2 2 402 + 562 − 242 13
在ABD中，cosABD = = In ABD, cosABD = =
2  40  56 14 2  40  56 14
在ABF中，AF2 = 402 + 352 – 24035cosABD In ABF, AF = 40 + 35 – 24035cosABD
2 2 2

13 2 + 352 – 24035
13
2 2
= 40 + 35 – 24035 = 40
14 14
= 225 = 225
 AF = 15  AF = 15
ABF ~ EFD (等角) ABF ~ EFD (equiangular)
EF 21
EF 21 = (corr. sides, ~s)  EF = 9
= (相似三角形對應邊)  EF = 9 15 35
15 35
SECBF = 2SABD – SADE – SABF
SECBF = 2SABD – SADE – SABF 1 1
1 1 = 24  40sin120 −  24  24sin 60 − 15  40sin 60 = 186 3
= 24  40sin120 −  24  24sin 60 − 15  40sin 60 = 186 3 2 2
2 2

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Remark: The original question is: Let ABCD be a parallelogram with AB = 48, AD = 36 and DB =
56 . The angle bisector of DAB meets side DC at the point E , and the diagonal DB meets AE at the
point F . If the area of ABCD is 560 square units, find the area of the quadrilateral ECBF .
Using Heron’s formula, area of ABD = 856 sq. units > 560 sq. unit = area of ABCD, impossible
 1  2x 5  1
G3.3 設 f(x)為函數並滿足 f ( x ) + f  − = + + f 1 −  ，x  0、1。求 f(–1)的值。
 x −1  3 3  x
 1  2x 5  1
Let f(x) be a function such that f ( x ) + f  − = + + f 1 −  , x  0, 1.
 x −1  3 3  x
Find the value of f(–1) .
1 2 5 1
x = –1: f ( −1) + f   = − + + f ( 2 )  f ( −1) + f   = 1 + f ( 2 ) (1)
2 3 3 2
1 1 1 5 1
x = : f   + f ( 2 ) = + + f ( −1)  f ( −1) − f   = −2 + f ( 2 ) (2)
2 2 3 3 2
1
(1) + (2): 2f(–1) = –1 + 2f(2)  f(2) = f ( −1) + (3)
2
1 1 3
(1) – (2): 2f   = 3  f   =
2 2 2
4 5 1 3 9
x = 2: f ( 2 ) + f ( −1) = + + f    f ( 2 ) + f ( −1) = 3 + = (4)
3 3 2 2 2
1 9
Sub. (3) into (4) 代(3)入(4): f ( −1) + + f ( −1) =  f(–1) = 2
2 2
M
G3.4 右圖中，ABCD 是一個長方形。兩個半圓形完全相等且它們 A r E F D
彼此相切。如果 AB = 2 及 BC = 6，求圖中陰影面積 r
2
（答案以  表示）。 K r
In the following figure, ABCD is a rectangle. The two H r C
B P 6 G
semi-circles are identical and they are tangent to each other. N
If AB = 2 and BC = 6, find the area of the shaded part in terms of  .
假設兩半圓相切於K。 Suppose the semi-circles touches each other at K.
設該兩半圓AKF 及 CKH (半徑= r)的圓心分 Let E and G be the centres of the semi-circles AKF
別為 E 及 G 如圖。 and CKH (radii = r) as shown.
過 K 作公切綫 MN。 Draw the common tangent MN at K.
EK ⊥ MN, GK ⊥ MN (tangent ⊥ radii)
EK ⊥ MN, GK ⊥ MN (切綫⊥半徑)
 E, K, G are collinear
 E、K、G 共綫 EG = 2r
EG = 2r Draw EP ⊥ BC as shown.
作EP ⊥ BC 如圖。 EP = 2, BP = AE = CG = r, PG = 6 – 2r
EP = 2，BP = AE = CG = r，PG = 6 – 2r In EPG, EP2 + PG2 = EG2 (Pyth. theorem)
2 2 2
在EPG中，EP + PG = EG (畢氏定理) 22 + (6 – 2r)2 = (2r)2
2 2
2 + (6 – 2r) = (2r) 2 1 + (3 – r)2 = r2
1 + (3 – r)2 = r2 5
r=
5 3
r= 2
3 5
2 Shaded area = 2  6 −   
5 3
陰影面積= 2  6 −   
 
3 25 
= 12 −
25 9
= 12 −
9

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Answers: (2022-23 HKMO Final Events) Created by: Mr. Francis Hung

Group Event 4
G4.1 求方程 xlog10 x = 10 所有實根的積。
Find the product of all the real roots of the equation xlog10 x = 10 .
Reference: 1990 HI9, 2015 FI4.4
xlog10 x = 10 xlog10 x = 10
( log10 x )( log10 x ) = 1 ( log10 x )( log10 x ) = 1
log10 x = 1 log10 x = 1
1 1
x = 10 或 x = 10 or
10 10
實根的積= 1 Product of roots = 1

G4.2 設 p 為質數及 m 為整數。如果 p(p + m) + 2p = (m + 2)3，求 m 的最大值。

Let p be a prime and m be an integer.
If p(p + m) + 2p = (m + 2)3 , find the greatest possible value of m .
Reference: 2015 FG3.2
p(p + m + 2) = (m + 2)3 p(p + m + 2) = (m + 2)3
若 m 為雙及 p 為單， If m is even and p is odd,
則 單(單 + 雙 + 2) = (雙+ 2)3 then odd(odd + even + 2) = (even + 2)3
 L.H.S.  R.H.S. 矛盾  L.H.S.  R.H.S. !!!
若 m 為單及 p 為單， If m is odd and p is odd,
then odd(odd + odd + 2) = (odd + 2)3
則單(單 + 單 + 2) = (單+ 2)3
 L.H.S.  R.H.S. !!!
 L.H.S.  R.H.S. 矛盾 In all cases, p must be even.
任何情況，p 必為雙。
 the only even prime is 2  p = 2
 唯一的為雙數且同時是質數是 2  p = 2
2(m + 4) = (m + 2)3  (*)
3
2(m + 4) = (m + 2)  (*)
L.H.S. is even  (m+2)3 is even  m+2 is even
L.H.S.為雙  (m+2) 為雙  m + 2 為雙
3
 R.H.S. is a multiple of 8
 R.H.S. 為 8 的倍數 L.H.S. 為 8 的倍數  L.H.S. is a multiple of 8
 m + 4 = 4n，其中 n 為整數  m + 4 = 4n, where n is an integer
 m + 2 = 4n – 2  m + 2 = 4n – 2
代 m + 2 = 4n – 2 入方程(*): Put m + 2 = 4n – 2 into the equation (*):
2(4n) = (4n – 2)3 2(4n) = (4n – 2)3
n = (2n – 1)3 n = (2n – 1)3
3 3
對於 n > 1，n < (2n–1)3；對於 n <1，n > (2n–1)3 For n > 1, n < (2n – 1) ; for n < 1, n > (2n – 1)
 n = 1, m = 0  n = 1, m = 0

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G4.3 如果正四面體的邊長是 1，求該正四面體的體積。

D
If the length of one side of a regular tetrahedron is 1,
find the volume of such tetrahedron.
Reference: 2008 HG3

A O M

B
如圖，設該四面體為 ABCD。 Let the tetrahedron be ABCD as shown above.
設 M 為 BC 的中點。(BM = MC = 0.5) Let M be the mid point of BC. (BM = MC = 0.5)
ABM  ACM (S.S.S.) ABM  ACM (S.S.S.)
3 3
AM = (畢氏定理) AM = (Pythagoras’ Theorem)
2 2
3 2 3
O 為 ABC 的重心。AO = AM =
2 O is the centriod of ABC. AO = AM =
3 3 3 3
2 2
DO = 四面體的高 = AD 2 − AO 2 = DO = height of tetrahedron = AD 2 − AO 2 =
3 3
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
體積 =  12 sin 60 = Volume =  12 sin 60 =
3 2 3 12 3 2 3 12

G4.4 設 P 為 3659893456789325678 和 342973489379256 的乘積。求 P 的位數。

Let P be the product of 3659893456789325678 and 342973489379256.
Find the number of digits of P .
Reference: 2013 FG4.1, 2015 FG1.3
3659893456789325678 = 3.71018 (兩位有效數字) 3659893456789325678 = 3.71018 (cor. to 2 s.f.)
342973489379256 = 3.41014 (兩位有效數字) 342973489379256 = 3.41014 (cor. to 2 s.f.)
P  3.710183.41014 = 12.581032 = 1.2581033 P  3.710183.41014 = 12.581032 = 1.2581033
P 的位數為34。 The number of digits is 34.

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