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Training Manual

Wollega University's Department of Mathematics offers a professional training program on mathematical software packages, focusing on tools like PPLANE and DEDiscover for analyzing differential equations. The program aims to enhance skills in phase plane analysis and provide a thorough understanding of mathematical methods relevant for high-paying careers in data science. Participants will learn to use these software tools for visualizing and solving complex mathematical problems, particularly in the context of nonlinear systems.

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Amantii Dhugaasaa
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5 views7 pages

Training Manual

Wollega University's Department of Mathematics offers a professional training program on mathematical software packages, focusing on tools like PPLANE and DEDiscover for analyzing differential equations. The program aims to enhance skills in phase plane analysis and provide a thorough understanding of mathematical methods relevant for high-paying careers in data science. Participants will learn to use these software tools for visualizing and solving complex mathematical problems, particularly in the context of nonlinear systems.

Uploaded by

Amantii Dhugaasaa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Wollega University

College of Natural and Computational Sciences


Community Engagement
On
Mathematical Software Package Professional Training

Organized By
Department of Mathematics
Introduction
As mathematician, department of mathematics expertise lies in teaching both undergraduate and
graduate mathematics courses, conducting research, successfully analyzing, writing reports, and
providing comprehensive support to various mathematical soft ware’s such as MATLAB,

MAPLE, DFIELD, DeDiscover 2.6.4, PPlane.

This software program is a short-term, skill-building program providing the staff and graduate
class attending there education in different center in particular weekend students with a thorough
understanding of common mathematical methods and the software, the fastest growing data
science language, for high-paying careers in analytics.

PPLANE is a tool for Phase Plane Analysis of a System of Differential Equations of the form:
' dx ' dy
x= =f ( x , y ) , y = =g ( x , y )
dt dt

At each point, (x,y), of a grid, PPLANE draws an arrow indicating the direction and magnitude
of the vector (x',y'). This vector equalsdy /dt /dx /dt=dy /dx , and is independent of t; therefore, it
must be tangent to any solution curve through (x, y). Users can select from a verity of numerical
solvers, and control the parameters of those solvers. Solutions can be viewed in three
dimensions. PPLANE also graphs the linearization about equilibrium points, displays
eigenvalues, eigenvectors, nullclines, and stable & unstable orbits. This software is designed as a
companion for 'Ordinary Differential Equations using MATLAB’.

Similarly DEDiscover is also a software that enables to solve non-linear system of differential
equations that can‘t be easily solved analytically.

Concept of Phase Plane Analysis: Phase plane method is applied to Autonomous Second Order
System. The solution can be plotted in the 𝑥 − y plane called State Plane or Phase Plane
The locus in the 𝑥 − y plane is a curved named Trajectory that pass through point initial
conditions
Phase Plane Analysis is a graphical method for studying second-order systems respect to initial
conditions by:

 Providing motion trajectories corresponding to various initial conditions.


 examining the qualitative features of the trajectories
 obtaining information regarding the stability of the equilibrium points

Advantages of Phase Plane Analysis:


 It is graphical analysis and the solution trajectories can be represented by curves in a
plane
 Provides easy visualization of the system qualitative without solving the nonlinear
equations analytically, one can study the behavior of the nonlinear system from various
initial conditions.
 It is not restricted to small or smooth nonlinearities and applies equally well to strong and
hard nonlinearities. There are lots of practical systems which can be approximated by
second-order systems, and apply phase plane analysis.
The family of the phase plane trajectories corresponding to various initial conditions is called
Phase portrait of the system.
In applied mathematics, in particular the context of nonlinear system analysis, a phase plane is a visual
display of certain characteristics of certain kinds of differential equations; a coordinate plane with axes
being the values of the two state variables, say (x, y), or (q, p) etc. (any pair of variables). It is a two-
dimensional case of the general n-dimensional phase space.
A two-dimensional system of linear differential equations can be written in the form:
{¿{¿ {aligned }{¿ {dx }{dt }}∧¿ Ax +By ¿ {¿ {dy }{dt }}∧¿ Cx+ Dy ¿{aligned }}}dx /dt= Ax+ By ,
dy /dt=Cx + Dy
which can be organized into a matrix equation:

A=
[ CA BD ][ xy ]
But, the non-linear system of differential equation of the form,
' dx
x= =f ( x , y )
dt

y '=dy /dt=g(x , y)

May not be solved analytically, but to solve such type first change in to linear after
linearization as follow

Suppose ((x 0 , y 0) is an equilibrium point and let,

( )
∂f ∂f
( x 0 , y 0) (x , y )
∂x ∂y 0 0
J=
∂g ∂g
(x , y ) (x , y )
∂x 0 0 ∂ y 0 0

be the Jacobian matrix at (x 0 , y 0). The linearized system is

( ) ()
du
dt u
=J
dv v
dt
Procedures
I. DFIELD software
I.1. Go to Software menu, and click on DFIELD
I.2. DFIELD equation window
I.3. First –order differential equation: x ’=f (t , x )
I.4. Insert your equation
I.5. Insert your Parameter expressions
I.6. Display window (min.and max.values)
I.7. Graph phase plane
I.8. DFIELD direction field equation window is displayed file, edit, window, solution,
option.

Example: sketch the phase lines for the given differential equation. Identify the equilibrium
points as sinks, sources, or nodes
dy
1. dt =3 y ( y – 2)
dy 2
2. dt = y −4 y−12
3. dy /dt=tany
dy
4. dt =¿ = y 2 +a
dy
5. dt =¿ = ay − y 3
dy
6. dt =¿ y 2- 2y + μ (Bifurcation concepts )
II. PPlane software
II.1. Go to Software menu, and click on Pplane
II.2. Pplane equation window
II.3. System of Differential Equations of the form:
x '=dx /dt=f (x , y), y '=dy /dt=g (x , y ),
II.4. Label your variables like x,y etc
II.5. Insert your system of equations
II.6. Insert your parameter expressions,
II.7. Display window (min.and max.values)
II.8. Graph phase plane
II.9. Pplane phase plane window is displayed file, edit, window, solution, graph,
options
II.10. Click on solution or graph etc.

}
dx
=2 x – y +3 ( x 2− y 2 ) +2 xy
dt
Example: Non linear
dy 2 2
=x−3 y−3(x − y )+3 xy
dt

III. DEDiscover (for system of differential equations with n-dimensions)


III.1. click on Software menu,
III.2. under file menu, click on NEW
III.3. Model, Title , Formula menu seen over there
III.4. Write your equations
III.5. Click on Parse
III.6. Insert your model parameter values, initial conditions
III.7. Simulate
III.8. To save , go to Report
III.9. Generate
III.10. Export
Example: Simulate the following equation

dx
a)
2
=−2 x +2 x
dt
dy

b)
2
=−3 x+ y+ 3 x
dt

}
dx
=ax – by+ c ( x 2− y 2 ) + dxy
dt
dy
=ex−hy −k ( x 2− y 2 )+ gxy
dt

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