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ELISA_Note_Word_by_Word

ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) is a biochemical technique used to detect and quantify antigens or antibodies in a sample through specific interactions with linked enzymes. There are four main types of ELISA: Direct, Indirect, Sandwich, and Competitive, each with distinct methodologies and applications in disease diagnosis, allergen detection, and research. While ELISA offers high sensitivity and specificity, it may have limitations such as cross-reactivity and the need for specific reagents.

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1 views

ELISA_Note_Word_by_Word

ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) is a biochemical technique used to detect and quantify antigens or antibodies in a sample through specific interactions with linked enzymes. There are four main types of ELISA: Direct, Indirect, Sandwich, and Competitive, each with distinct methodologies and applications in disease diagnosis, allergen detection, and research. While ELISA offers high sensitivity and specificity, it may have limitations such as cross-reactivity and the need for specific reagents.

Uploaded by

sanskar.gupta403
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELISA

(Enzyme-Linked

Immunosorbent

Assay)

Definition:

ELISA

is

biochemical

technique

used

primarily

to

detect

the

presence

and

quantify

the

concentration

of

antigens

(proteins,

peptides,

hormones)

or
antibodies

in

sample.

Principle:

ELISA

relies

on

the

specific

interaction

between

an

antigen

and

its

corresponding

antibody.

An

enzyme

is

linked

to

either

the

antigen
or

antibody,

and

substrate

is

added

that

the

enzyme

can

convert

to

detectable

signal

(usually

color

change).

Types

of

ELISA:

1.

Direct

ELISA:
Detects

antigen

using

an

enzyme-linked

primary

antibody.

2.

Indirect

ELISA:

Uses

an

unlabeled

primary

antibody

and

an

enzyme-linked

secondary

antibody

for

detection.

3.

Sandwich

ELISA:

Captures
the

antigen

between

two

antibodies

(capture

and

detection

antibodies),

suitable

for

large

antigens

with

multiple

epitopes.

4.

Competitive

ELISA:

Involves

competition

between

sample

antigen

and

a
labeled

antigen

for

antibody

binding.

The

signal

is

inversely

proportional

to

the

antigen

concentration.

Applications:

Disease

diagnosis

(e.g.,

HIV,

COVID-19)

Detection

of

allergens

-
Pregnancy

testing

Quality

control

in

food

and

pharmaceutical

industries

Research

for

quantifying

proteins

and

antibodies

Advantages:

High

sensitivity

and

specificity

Can

handle
large

sample

volumes

Relatively

easy

and

cost-effective

Limitations:

May

require

multiple

steps

and

washing

Cross-reactivity

can

cause

false

results

Requires

specific

reagents
and

conditions

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