COMPILATION

IN
PE 4
TEAM SPORT

SUBMITTED BY:
DYAN RABAGO

SUBMITTED TO:
MR. EDWARD PANTINOPLE
 BASKETBALL
HISTORY OF BASKETBALL
In contrast to other sports, basketball has a clear origin. It is not the evolution from an
ancient game or another sport and the inventor is well known: Dr. James Naismith.
Naismith was born in 1861 in Ramsay township, Ontario, Canada. He graduated as a
Physician at McGill University in Montreal and was primarily interested in sports
physiology.

In 1891, while working as a physical education teacher at the YMCA International

Training School (today, Springfield College) in the United States, Naismith was faced
with the problem of finding in 14 days an indoor game to provide "athletic distraction" for
the students at the School for Christian Workers (Naismith was also a Presbyterian
minister).
James Naismith and the original basketball elements, a soccer ball and a
peach Basket. After discarding the idea of adapting outdoor games like soccer and
lacrosse, Naismith recalled the concept of a game of his school days known as duck-
on-a-rock that involved accuracy attempting to knock a "duck" off the top of a large rock
by tossing another rock at it.

Starting from there, Naismith developed a set of 13 rules that gave origin to the game of
Basketball. Of course it was not exactly as we know it today. The first game was played
with a soccer ball and two peach baskets nailed 10-feet high used as goals, on a court
just half the size of a present-day court. The baskets retained their bottoms so balls
scored into the basket had to be poked out with a long dowel each time and dribbling
(bouncing of the ball up and down while moving) was not part of the original game.

The sport was an instant success and thanks to the initial impulse received by the
YMCA movement, basketball's popularity quickly grew nationwide and was introduced
in many nations. Although Naismith never saw the game develop into the spectacular
game we know these days, he had the honor to witness basketball become an Olympic
sport at the 1936 Games held in Berlin.
BASKETBALL TRAINING EQUIPMENT
BALL
The most important thing for training is the ball. There are certain guidelines which one
needs to follow when buying a basketball. For practicing, one can play with a rubber
ball. For professional competitions, one needs to use an inflated ball made of leather.
SHOES
One needs specialized shoes when playing basketball. It should be able to give better
support to the ankle as compared to running shoes. The basketball shoes should be
high- tipped shoes and provide extra comfort during a game. These shoes are
specially designed to maintain high traction on the basketball court.
BASKETBALL SHOOTING EQUIPMENT
HOOP OR BASKET
The hoop or basket is a horizontal metallic rim, circular in shape. This rim is attached to
a net and helps one score a point. The rim is mounted about 4 feet inside the baseline
and 10 feet above the court.

BASKETBALL COURT
The basketball court is the next important thing for shooting balls in this game. The
court is usually made of wooden floorboard. The court size is about 28m x 17m
according to the International standards. The National Basketball Association (NBA)
regulation states the floor dimension as 29m x 15m. The standard court is rectangular in
shape and has baskets placed on opposite ends.

BACKBOARD
The backboard is the rectangular board that is placed behind the rim. It helps give better
rebound to the ball. The backboard is about 1800mm in size horizontally and 1050mm
vertically. Many times, backboards are made of acrylic, aluminum, steel or glass.

BASKETBALL COACHING EQUIPMENT

UNIFORMS
When one starts coaching a basketball team, the most important requirement for a team
is to have a uniform. This helps one differentiate teams from one another. A uniform
consists of a jersey (shirt) shorts, numbers on the front and back of the shirts for
identification.

SHOT CLOCK
The offense is allowed a maximum of 24 seconds to have a ball in hand before
shooting. These 24 seconds are counted on the shot clock. If the offense fails to shoot a
ball that hits the rim, they will lose the possession of the ball to the other team.
WHISTLE
The coach or referee uses a whistle to indicate the start or end of a game. S/he can
even use the whistle to stop the play in the middle of a game. Whistle also helps to
indicate fouls, timeout, or out of bound balls to the players. In order to get the attention
of the players, many times coaches use the whistle to gather the players.

Basketball Court Dimensions: Diagram and Measurements

The dimensions of a basketball court play an important role in how the game is played.
For example, getting the right distance to the free throw line is a big deal when you’re
going to spend hours and hours practicing.

The NBA (National Basketball Association) official court size is 94 feet long by 50 feet
wide, where the international court is a bit smaller. The FIBA (International Basketball
Federation) rules state the court size should be 91.9 feet long by 49.2 feet wide for
international basketball games.

There are also different size courts for high school, parks, and some college basketball
games, with different distances for line markings like the 3-point line. Keep reading for
detailed dimensions and free diagrams of the different court set ups. Even though
basketball court, dimension will differ between organization or level of
school, they aren’t too far off from each other either.

Court Type Length Width Free Throw 3-Point Line

NBA 94′ 50′ 15′ 23.75′

FIBA 91.9′ 49.2′ 15.09′ 22.15′

NCAA 94′ 50′ 15′ 22.15′

High School 84′ 50′ 15′ 19.75

Notice how almost all of the free throw distances are 15 feet, or close to it. The 3-point
line distance is pretty close across the board, but high school basketball courts are
around 10 feet smaller and have a shorter 3-point line distance.

NBA Court Dimensions

An NBA court will be 94 feet in length by 50 wide, with the half court line at 47 feet,
directly in the center of the court. The free throw line is 19 feet from the edge of the
court and 15 feet from the front of the backboard. The 3point shooting line is 23.75′ or
23’9′ from the center of the hoop.
FIBA Court Dimensions
A FIBA court will be 91.9 feet in length by 49.2 wide, with the half court line at 45.95
feet, directly in the center of the court. The free throw line is 19 feet from the edge of the
court and 15.09 feet from the front of the backboard. The 3point shooting line is 22.15′
from the center of the hoop.

College Basketball Court Dimensions

An NCAA basketball court will be 94 feet in length by 50 wide, with the half court line at
47 feet, directly in the center of the court. The free throw line is 19 feet from the edge of
the court and 15 feet from the front of the backboard. The 3point shooting line is 22.15′
from the center of the hoop.
The NCAA basketball court dimensions are very similar to the NBA with the exception of
the 3-point line being slight closer. About a foot and a half distance can make a big deal
if you get used to shooting on a college court and move to the NBA, but it doesn’t seem
to be a big hurdle for the professional players.

High School Basketball Court Dimensions

A high school basketball court will be 84 feet in length by 50 wide, with the half court
line at 42 feet, directly in the center of the court. The free throw line is 19 feet from the
edge of the court and 15 feet from the front of the backboard. The 3point shooting line is
19’9″ from the center of the hoop. The high school basketball court key and free throw
line matches the NBA distances. The court is about 10 feet shorter in length, but is the
same width as a college level or NBA court.

Basketball Hoop Height

The top of the basketball hoop is 10 feet from the ground on all regulation basketball
courts including the NBA, NCAA, FIBA, and high school basketball courts. Basketball
rims, sometimes referred to as the hoop or basket, are a regulation 18 inches in
diameter. It’s recommended that 8 to10 year olds play on an 8foot rim height, and
11year olds play on a 9foot rim height. This way younger players can gradually get used
to the height of a basketball hoop without being discouraged from playing the game
early on.

Basketball Backboard Dimensions

The regulation dimensions of a basketball backboard are 72 inches wide by 42 inches
tall with an inner square to help players aim for the backboard measuring 24 inches
wide by18 inches tall. This translates to a backboard 6 feet wide by 3.5 feet tall for
regulation basketball courts. Basketball backboards sold for recreational or training
basketball play are sold in a variety of sizes. The most common being 60, 54,52, 48,
and 44 inches wide. For a typical two car driveway, a 54 or 60inch backboard is most
commonly used and is fitting for a court that size.
The Rules of Basketball
 The team consists of 15 players with 5 players playing inside the court
 2 forwards (power and small), 2 guards (point and shooting), and a center
 The goal of the game is to score more points than the opposing team
 The game start with a tip off
 Once the team has won the possession of the ball, they have up to 24 seconds to
shoot the ball towards the opponent’s basket
 The basket are 10 feet above the ground on a court that is generally about 94ft. long
by 50ft. wide (in the NBA) and varies depending on where you play
 The NBA court is 50 feet wide by 94 feet long; the Olympic court is 49 feet by 92 feet.
 To move the ball up the court, you can either pass the ball to a teammate or dribble
the ball where you bounce the ball up and down repeatedly whilst in motion
 To score points, a player must shoot the ball into the opponents’ basket
 The team gets 2 points for any shots scored within the arc
 The team gets 3 points for any shots outside the arc
 Any free throws awarded to a team scores 1 point
 Failure to shoot the ball within 24 seconds results in a shot clock violation and the
other team will awarded possession of the ball
 The opposing team will try to take the ball by either blocking shots, rebounding, a
missed shot, or by stealing the ball away
 The game is played in 4x12 minute quarters in the NBA, 4X10 minute quarters
internationally, 2x20 halves in the NCAA
 There are no ties in basketball, so if the scores tied at the end of regulation, overtime
periods will be played to determine the winner
VIOLATIONS AND FOULS
Violations – are generally called when you break one of the rules
 Shot clock violation – if you’ve not shot the ball within 24 seconds
 Three in the key or 3 second rule – a player cannot stay in the key, which is this
section of the court for more than 3 seconds.
 Double dribble – a player only allowed to dribble the ball and stop once, if a player
then begins to dribble again this is known as double dribble.
 VOLLEYBALL

HISTORY OF VOLLEYBALL

Volleyball was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan, physical director of the Young
Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Massachusetts. It was designed as an
indoor sport for businessmen who found the new game of basketball too vigorous.
Morgan called the sport “mintonette,” until a professor from Springfield College in
Massachusetts noted the volleying nature of play and proposed the name of “volleyball.”

The original rules were written by Morgan and printed in the first edition
of the Official Handbook of the Athletic League of the Young Men’s Christian
Associations of North America (1897). The game soon proved to have wide appeal for
both sexes in schools, playgrounds, the armed forces, and other organizations in the
United States, and it was subsequently introduced to other countries.

In 1916 rules were issued jointly by the YMCA and the National Collegiate Athletic
Association (NCAA). The first nationwide tournament in the United States was
conducted by the National YMCA Physical Education Committee in New York City in
1922. The United States Volleyball Association (USVBA) was formed in 1928 and
recognized as the rules-making, governing body in the United States. From 1928 the
USVBA—now known as USA Volleyball (USAV)—has conducted annual national men’s
and senior men’s (age 35 and older) volleyball championships, except during 1944
and 1945. Its women’s division was started in 1949, and a senior women’s division
(age 30 and older) was added in 1977. Other national events in the United States are
conducted by member groups of the USAV such as the YMCA and the
NCAA.

Volleyball was introduced into Europe by American troops during World War I, when
national organizations were formed. The Fédération Internationale de Volley Ball (FIVB)
was organized in Paris in 1947 and moved to Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1984. The
USVBA was one of the 13 charter members of the FIVB, whose membership grew to
more than 210 member countries by the late 20th century. International volleyball
competition began in 1913 with the first Far East Games, in Manila. During the early
1900s and continuing until after World War II, volleyball in Asia was played on a larger
court, with a lower net, and nine players on a team. The FIVB-sponsored world
volleyball championships (for men only in 1949; for both men and women in 1952 and
succeeding years) led to acceptance of standardized playing rules and officiating.
Volleyball became an Olympic sport for both men and women at the 1964 Olympic
Games in Tokyo. European championships were long dominated by
Czechoslovakian, Hungarian, Polish Bulgarian, Romanian, and Soviet (later, Russian)
teams. At the world and Olympic level, Soviet teams have won more titles, both men’s
and women’s, those of any other nation. Their success was attributed to widespread
grassroots interest and well-organized play and instruction at all levels of skill. A highly
publicized Japanese women’ team, Olympic champions in 1964, reflected the interest
of private industry in sport. Young women working for the sponsoring company devoted
their free time to conditioning, team practice, and competition under expert and
demanding coaching. Encouraged by the Japanese Volleyball Association, this
women’s team made its mark in international competition, winning the World
Championship in 1962, 1966, and 1967, in addition to the 1964 Olympics. At the end of
the 20th century, however, the Cuban women’s team dominated both the World
Championships and the Olympic.

The Pan American Games (involving South, Central, and North America) added
volleyball in 1955, and Brazil, Mexico, Canada, Cuba, and the United States are
frequent contenders for top honors. In Asia, China, Japan, and Korea dominate
competition. Volleyball, especially beach volleyball, is laid in Australia, New Zealand,
and throughout the South Pacific. A four-year cycle of international volleyball events,
recommended by the FIVB, began in 1969 with World Cup championships, to be held in
the year following the Olympic Games; the second year is the World Championships; in
the third the regional events are held (e.g., European championships, Asian Games,
African Games, Pan American Games); and in the fourth year the Olympic Games.
Volleyball Rules and Regulation

Here are the fundamental, must-know rules of a volleyball game:

 Only 6 players on the floor at any given time: 3 in the front row and 3 in the back
row.
 Points are made on every serve for the winning team of the rally (rally-point
scoring).
 Players may not hit the ball twice in succession (a block is not considered a hit).
 Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on a serve.
 A ball hitting a boundary line is in.
 A ball is out if it hits an antennae, the floor completely outside the court, any of
the net or cables outside the antennae, the referee stand or pole, or the ceiling
above a non-playable area.
 It is legal to contact the ball with any part of a player’s body.
 It is illegal to catch, hold or throw the ball.
 A player cannot block or attack a serve from on or inside the 10-foot line.
 After the serve, front-line players may switch positions at the net.
 Matches are made up of sets; the number depends on level of play.
 Volleyball Rule Violations
 Committing any of these volleyball rule violations results in a point for the
opponent.
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

BALL
The standard volleyball is made of flexible leather or synthetic leather weighs between 9
and 10 ounces and has a circumference of 25.6 to 26.4 inches. The ball has a rubber
bladder and can be one color or a combination of colors. Synthetic leather is lighter and
is fine for beginner players. Junior volleyballs for children 12 years old and younger
weight between 7 and 8 ounces.

NET AND COURT

The outdoor volleyball court measures 18m x 9m, surrounded by a free zone that is 2
meters wide on all sides. The minimum playing space for US volleyball competitions is 7
meters. The volleyball net is 32 feet long and 3 feet wide. For women, the net should be
7 feet, 4 1/8 inches. For men, the net should be 7 feet, 11 5/8 inches high. US
regulation volleyball playing surfaces must be flat and not present any hazards to the
players.

LINES
The playing court is marked by two sidelines and two end lines. All lines must be 2
inches wide and must be created with a light color that is easy to discern from the
playing court. An attack line should be placed three meters from the center line. The
center line divides the court into two 9x9 meter courts.

SERVICE LINE - The area which the server may serve the volleyball is marked 10 feet
inside in the right sideline on each back line.

CENTER LINE - Is marked at the center of the court dividing it equally into 30 feet
squares (9m), above which the net is placed.

ATTACK LINE - Whose rear edge is drawn 3m back from the axis of the center line,
marks the front zone.

BOUNDARY LINES - Two side lines and two end lines mark the playing court.

POSTS AND CABLES The volleyball net structure is held together with metal cables
and posts. Posts are placed 0.5 to1.0 meters outside the sidelines and 2.55 meters
high. Posts should be round, smooth and padded, to prevent injury to the players should
they dive or crash into them. Metal wires and cables may need to be covered if it is
determined that they present a danger to the players.

CEILING HEIGHT
The minimum ceiling height should be 23 feet, though they should preferably be higher.

ANTENNA AND SIDE BANDS

Antennas are flexible rods that are 1.8 meters long made of fiberglass, fastened at the
outer edge of each side band. Side bands are two white bands attached vertically to the
net and placed above each
sideline.

KNEE PADS
Knee pads should be sturdy enough to protect your knees from falls, slides, and dives
but flexible enough to allow you to bend comfortably.

VOLLEY BALL ANKLE BRACES

Ankle injuries are the most common injuries that occur in volley ball, leading many
veteran volley ball players and coaches to consider ankle braces as necessary
accessories.

SHOES
Arch and ankle support are the key when choosing a volleyball shoe. Mizuno, Asics,
and Nike are just a few of the popular brands of volleyball shoes, which are lightweight,
allowing you to be faster on your feet. Volley ball shoes have a gum rubber sole and are
designed for the lateral movement that the sport requires. The middle of the sole is
usually made of foam, while the back is more likely to be made from mesh or nylon.

CLOTHING
All clothing should be lightweight to allow maximum flexibility and breath ability.
Spandex shorts are a good option, as they are flexible, light and absorb odor. Socks
absorb sweat and prevent blisters.

VOLLEYBALL FULL ARM SLEEVES

Arm sleeves in volleyball are used for both comfort and protection. They can help to
protect arms from the floor burns or can be used as compression sleeves improved
blood flow.

VOLLEYBALL FINGER TAPE

Finger tape is often used in many different sports, including volley ball. It’s main
purpose in volleyball is to protect a player’s fingers from getting hurt when hitting or
blocking the ball.
 SOFTBALL
History of Softball
George Hancock, a reporter for the Chicago Board of Trade, is credited with
inventing softball in 1887. That year, Hancock gathered with some friends at the
Farragut Boat Club in Chicago on Thanksgiving Day to watch the Yale vs. Harvard
game. The friends were a mix of Yale and Harvard alumni and one of the Yale
supporters
threw a boxing glove at a Harvard alumnus in triumph. The Harvard supporter swung at
the glove with a stick he happened to be holding at the time. The game was soon on,
with participants using the glove for a ball and a broom handle for the bat.

The game quickly spread from the comfy confines of the Farragut Boat Club toother
indoor arenas. With the advent of spring, it headed outdoors. People began playing
softball throughout Chicago, then all over the Midwest. But the game still didn’t have a
name. Some called it “indoor baseball” or “diamond ball.” True baseball fanatics didn’t
think much of the game and their names for it, such as “kitten baseball,” “pumpkin ball”
and “mush ball” reflected their disdain. The game was first called softball at the National
Recreation Congress meeting in 1926. Credit for the name goes to Walter Hakanson
who represented the YMCA at the meeting. It stuck. The Farragut Boat Club invented
the first softball rules pretty much on the fly. There was little continuity from game to
game during the early years. The number of players on each team could vary from one
game to the next. The balls themselves were of different shapes and sizes. Finally,
more official rules were set in place in 1934 by the newly-formed Joint Rules Committee
on Softball.

Today, softball is one of the most popular sports in the country, and an estimated
40 million Americans engage in at least one softball game each year. Because it can be
played on either a field or an indoor arena, softball games are played year-round and
involve teams with players as young as 8 years old and some players over 60 years in
age. Softball is sometimes played by core creational leagues, where both women and
men play on the same teams, but the rules are generally modified to reduce physical
inequalities between the sexes. Often, companies and organizations form amateur coed
teams to play for benefits and charity fund-raiser events.

Women’s fast-pitch softball became an official sport of the Summer Olympics in

1996 but was dropped in 2012. Still, that hasn’t deterred millions of enthusiasts in the
U.S. and more than a hundred other countries from pursuing the sports.
Rules and Procedures
The rules related to the game of softball are as follows −
 Before pitching the pitcher shall stand firmly on the ground and one or both feet
should touch the pitcher plate.
 The pitcher is not allowed to stop or bounce the ball in pitching position as it may
prevent the batsman from hitting the ball.
 The pitcher cannot use any kind of tape on the ball. To dry hands he can use
powder resin under umpire’s supervision.
 The pitch delivery shall be in an arc of six to ten feet.
 No Pitch is declared in the following cases
 The ball is pitched during suspension of the game.
 The runner leaves the base soon
 The return pitch is made quickly
 The ball slips from pitcher’s hand
 The pitching arc is less than six or more than ten feet
 The batting team has to bat in the order given in the scoresheet.
 The batsman is not allowed to prevent the catcher from catching the ball.
 A player is suspended for the current season if he or she is involved in a fight.
 If a player misbehaves with an umpire or pushes, he is ejected from the game.
 A full match consists of seven innings.
 A game is completed before seven innings in the following cases
 A team is ahead by 20 runs in the third innings
 A team is ahead by 15 runs in the fourth innings
 A team is ahead by 10 runs in the fifth inning
 If the home team is ahead and one of the above conditions is met
 The full duration of the game is 50 minutes.
 Each team has to provide a scorekeeper
 Bats and balls are provided to the customers but they have to bring their gloves.
 The runners can leave the base after the batsman has hit the ball.
 Artificial noise makers are not allowed.
 Facilities and Equipment

1. A Softball Bat
Softball bats are usually similar to baseball bats but not exactly the same. They tend to
be longer with smaller diameters and are less sturdy than their baseball equivalents.
Softball bats are mostly made of
2. Fielding Face Guard
A softball field is shorter than a baseball one, so players are likelier to be struck in the
face by a ball hit by the batter. This is why all softball players must wear protective face
guards when fielding. If hit in the head by a fast softball, a face guard can potentially
save a softball player's life.

3. Gloves and Mitts

Softball gloves tend to be bigger than baseball gloves because the ball is bigger. And
when it comes to gloves, softball players also need special ones.
4. Cleats
Sports players have to wear appropriate footwear to play properly and avoid injuries. In
softball, you'll require cleats unless the community softball club has a turf field.
Everyone on a softball field, regardless of their position, wears cleats.
5. Shin Guards
Catchers or fielders typically wear shin guards. However, some pitchers even use them
to stop quick shots from the batter.
6. Batting Helmet
An essential piece of equipment for safety in softball is the batting helmet. Batters wear
helmets when batting to protect their face/head. A helmet's job is to shield the head
from the pitcher’s throws. A head-on collision with the ball without a helmet can result in
a fatal blow.

7. Batting Gloves
Softball batting gloves have become very popular in recent times. In the past, no softball
or even baseball players wore batting gloves. But nowadays, the majority of softball
players use them to protect their hands when they play.
8. Arm Guard
An arm guard usually means an elbow protector. However, there are arm guards now
that cover your forearm and triceps. Other arm protections are wrist guards. They
typically come with hard plastic in the wristband.
9. Sliding Shorts
Sliders are leggings that protect your upper leg from being burnt or scraped while
sliding. They fit tightly on your legs and are padded. Softball players wear them under
their softball pants to be able to slide and dive in a game. So if you are more of a diver
in the game, we recommend getting them.
10. Backpack
Lastly, softball players need a backpack for all of their equipment. A softball backpack is
convenient to take to training sessions and competitive matches. You should look for a
nice backpack that suits you and will last for a few years. Before purchasing a
backpack, make sure it can easily fit all of your protective gear.
 SOCCER
HISTORY OF SOCCER

Soccer is a team sports played with a spherical ball between two teams of 11 players.
The game is played in a rectangular field called a pitch with a goal at each end. The
objective of the game is to score by moving the ball beyond the goal into the opponent’s
goal. The tea which scores most wins the game. The game of football requires various
skills and techniques in order to execute the game properly.

Soccer was played first during Han dynasty where people dribbled the leathered ball
into a small net. Romans and Greeks has also recorded facts that they play ball for fun,
and even people from Kyoto in Japan enjoyed to kick around the ball. While modern
soccer started in England wherein there are facts, first ball used was the head of some
Danish brigand. During the game, punching, kicking, biting and even gouging was
allowed to do. That’s why, King Edward III banned the soccer game in 1365 because of
too much violence. And in 1424, King James I of Scotland announced the “Na man play
at the Fute-ball”, means “No man shall play football”. Soccer became more popular in
1815 and made powerful impact in universities, colleges and schools. The popular
English school and Eton College created a set of rules and regulations known as the
Campbridge Rules. The history of modern-day soccer came in October 1863. There are
eleven representatives from London’s club to set up the common and fundamental
rules. The sport then finally established in 1869 that banned all forms of handling the
ball. Even biting, tripping, shin kicking and other harmful actions were officially banned.

Today, countries like Germany, Australia, Italy, Brazil, Argentina, South America and
many more found love in playing soccer. In 1904, FIFA was formed and by early 1930’s
various soccer league started and credits to FIFA, the first World Cup were organized in
Uruguay.
Rules and Procedures
Soccer rules regarding gameplay
A soccer game starts with a coin toss. The captain of the away team calls heads or tails,
and the winning captain gets to choose whether their team will take the first kickoff. In
the second half, the kickoff is taken by the side that did not take it in the first.
Each team consists of 11 soccer players, one of which is the goalkeeper. A game is
split into two 45-minute halves, with a break in between for halftime. However, games
are often shorter at the youth soccer level
The aim of the game is to score goals by getting the ball into the other team’s net. The
team with the most goals at the end of the game wins Players can score a goal from
anywhere on the field, but there are some specific rules. For example, a goal cannot be
scored from an indirect free kick.
During the kickoff:
 All players (except the player taking the kickoff) must be in their half of the field
 The ball must be stationary on the center spot
 The kicker taking the kickoff must not touch the ball again until another player
touches it
 The opponents of the team taking the kickoff must be at least 9.15 meters (10
yards) away from the ball
 The ball is considered "in play" when it is kicked and moves
Here are some other basic soccer rules (you'll find more specific categories and
rules later in this guide):

 No hands: The goalkeeper (goalie) is the only player on the field who can use
their hands. All other players must use their feet, head, or chest to control the
ball. If the player touches the ball, it’s considered a handball and a foul.
 Throw-ins: When the ball goes out of bounds on the sidelines, the team who
didn’t touch it last gets to throw the ball back into play.
 Goal kicks and corner kicks: When the ball goes out of bounds behind the goal
line (not resulting in a goal), the goalkeeper of the team who didn’t touch it last
gets to kick the ball back into play. If the ball goes out of bounds on the sideline
in front of the goal, the team who didn’t touch it last gets a corner kick.
 Direct and indirect kicks: Players can score on a direct kick, which is a kick that
goes directly into the goal without another player touching it. An indirect kick is
when another player must touch the ball before it can go into the goal.
 No time limit for possession: There is no time limit on how long a team can keep
the ball.
 The clock doesn't stop: The game clock does not stop, even if the ball goes out
of bounds or there is an injury.
 Stoppage time: If the referee deems it necessary, he may add extra time at the
end of each half. This is called stoppage time or injury time.
 Offside rule: The offside rule is one of the most misunderstood rules in soccer.
The basic idea is that a player cannot be in an advantageous position when the
ball is played to them. Being in an offside position is not in itself an offense. An
offside offense occurs when a player is in the opponent’s half of the field and
closer to their goal than both the ball and the second-to-last opponent.
Facilities and Equipment
 Uniform: Most youth soccer leagues require a standard uniform for all players.
This might range from a simple T-shirt to a complete soccer uniform with
matching jersey, shorts and socks. Some leagues issue the uniform to players,
while others require you to order the uniform yourself.
 Practice clothes: Uniforms are typically reserved for wear in games only, so your
little kicker needs comfortable athletic clothes for soccer practice. Choose clothes
that allow a full range of motion. Sweat-wicking material keeps your child cool
and dry during sweaty warm-weather practices.
 Soccer cleats: When your child plays in an organized league, you likely need
soccer-specific cleats. These shoes are designed for the sport to give your
soccer player the support and traction necessary in the game.
 Shin guards: Protective shin guards are another requirement in most leagues.
They rest at the front of the shin to protect from errant kicks and fast-moving
balls.
 Soccer socks: Just like your child needs special shoes, she also needs special
socks designed for soccer. The long socks go up and over the shin guards.
 Ball: Your child’s coach may provide balls during practice, but it’s always a good
idea to have a quality soccer ball of your own so you can practice at home. Invest
in a high-quality ball instead of a cheap foam ball that doesn’t give your player a
real feel for soccer play.
 Goalkeeper gloves: If your child is interested in playing goalkeeper, consider
investing in a pair of goalkeeper gloves. These special gloves are designed to
support the wrists while allowing freedom of movement in the fingers. If your child
is young, the league may not play with goalies just yet, so hold off on the gloves
until you know if your child will actually play the goalkeeper role.
 Water bottle: Soccer players spend a lot of time running up and down the field.
The soccer season often falls during warm weather. Hydration is important, so
outfit your child with her own water bottle. Write her name on the bottle to avoid
mix-ups on the bench.
Gear bag: A backpack or tote bag designed for soccer makes it easy to carry all that
gear to practices and games. These specialty bags typically include a spot for a soccer
ball and all the other gear your child needs.