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466_WMA 312 (fate pathway and effect) part 1

The document discusses the fate, pathways, and effects of water pollution, highlighting processes such as dilution, deposition, and biodegradation that influence pollutant behavior in water bodies. It outlines various pollution pathways, including agricultural runoff, industrial discharge, and sewage discharge, which contribute to contamination. The significant impacts of water pollution on aquatic life, food supplies, economic stability, and human health underscore the need for preventive measures and environmental regulations.

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0 views14 pages

466_WMA 312 (fate pathway and effect) part 1

The document discusses the fate, pathways, and effects of water pollution, highlighting processes such as dilution, deposition, and biodegradation that influence pollutant behavior in water bodies. It outlines various pollution pathways, including agricultural runoff, industrial discharge, and sewage discharge, which contribute to contamination. The significant impacts of water pollution on aquatic life, food supplies, economic stability, and human health underscore the need for preventive measures and environmental regulations.

Uploaded by

akinkunmiayomah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT

AND POLLUTION CONTROL


WMA 312
Mr. A.E. Alonge and Mr. O.S. Olaleye
Dept of Water Resources Management & Agrometeorology
Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State.
Nigeria
[email protected]
[email protected]
Fate of water pollution

The fate of water pollution includes different processes that determine


how pollutants behave and move in water bodies. These may include:
• Dilution: The concentration of pollutants in water may decrease as water
continues to flow and mix with fresh water.

• Deposition: Pollutants may settle to the bottom of a water body and


accumulate in the sediments.

• Adsorption: Pollutants may attach to surfaces such as riverbanks or


streambeds, instead of remaining in the water, which can reduce their
impact on aquatic life.
• Biodegradation: Certain microorganisms in the water can break down
some pollutants, transforming them into less harmful substances.

• Bioaccumulation: Some pollutants, such as heavy metals, may


accumulate in the tissues of aquatic organisms over time and become
magnified in the food chain, leading to serious health problems for
humans and wildlife.
• Drainage: Polluted water can seep into underground sources of
drinking water or contaminate nearby freshwater sources, creating
additional threats to human health and the environment.
The fate of water pollution is determined by many complex processes that
can vary depending on the type and amount of pollutants, the
characteristics of the water body, and other environmental factors.
Environmental regulations and strict enforcement can help reduce and
prevent water pollution, protecting both human and aquatic life for
generations to come.
Pathways of water pollution

There are various pathways through which water pollution occurs.


Some of the common pathways are:
• Agricultural runoff: Agricultural practices such as the use of pesticides
and fertilizers can result in runoff from fields that can contaminate
nearby water sources. These pollutants can harm aquatic life and affect
the quality of drinking water.
• Industrial discharge: Industries discharge a large amount of pollutants
into water bodies. These pollutants can include heavy metals, chemicals,
and other hazardous waste that can cause serious environmental and
health problems for aquatic life and human beings.
• Urban runoff: Storm water runoff from urban areas can carry pollutants
such as oil, heavy metals, and other toxic substances that accumulate on
roads, parking lots, and roofs. This can contaminate waterways if the runoff
is not properly managed.
• Sewage discharge: Waste from human and animal populations can
contaminate water bodies if not treated properly. Raw sewage contains
harmful bacteria and viruses that can affect the health of aquatic life, as
well as humans who come into contact with contaminated water.
• Atmospheric deposition: Airborne pollutants such as acid rain can fall
into water sources and cause pollution. This can lead to acidification of
water bodies, which can harm aquatic life and upset the ecological
balance.
• Oil and chemical spills: Accidental spills of oil and chemicals from ships,
pipelines, or storage facilities can cause significant pollution in water
bodies. These spills can have a devastating impact on aquatic life, as well
as on human health and the economy.
Effect of water pollution

Water pollution can have severe effects on the environment, animals,


and humans. Some of the most significant impacts are:
• Harmful effects on aquatic life: Polluted water can cause a decrease in
available oxygen, killing fish and other aquatic animals. It can also lead
to the accumulation of toxins in the bodies of these animals, which can
cause mutations, reproductive issues, and health problems in those who
consume them.
• Contamination of food supplies: Water pollution can contaminate crops
and livestock, leading to food contamination. This can result in serious
health problems for humans who consume these contaminated
products.
• Economic impact: Water pollution can have a significant economic
impact on communities and industries that rely on clean water
resources. For example, fisheries may be forced to close, leading to job
losses and decreased revenue for the surrounding communities.
• Health issues: Drinking polluted water can lead to a variety of health
problems, including gastrointestinal illness, liver damage, and nervous
system disorders.
• Environmental damage: Water pollution can harm the environment in
various ways, including soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and destruction
of natural habitats for aquatic life.

Overall, water pollution can have severe and


long-lasting effects on the environment and
human health. Therefore, it is crucial to take
measures to prevent and reduce water pollution

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