PMT

Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2007

GCE

GCE Mathematics

Statistics S3 (6691)

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750

Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH
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June 2007
6691 Statistics S3
Mark Scheme

Question Scheme Marks

number

1.
(a) M1A1
A B C D E F G H
P Rank 2 6 4 3 1 7 8 5
Q Rank 2 8 1 6 3 5 7 4
d2 0 4 9 9 4 4 1 1
∑ d 2 = 32 M1A1

6 × 32
rS = 1 − M1
8 × (82 − 1)
13
= or AWRT 0.619 A1 (6)
21

(b) H0 : ρ = 0 H1 : ρ > 0 ( ρ s is OK) both B1

rS 1 tail 5% critical value is 0.6429 (Independent of their H1 ) B1 (+ is OK)
0.619 < 0.6429 or not significant M1
So insufficient evidence of a positive correlation between judges
Or competitor is justified A1f.t. (4)
10

(a) 1st M1 for attempting to rank both P and Q.

1st A1 for both correct (could be reversed)
2nd M1 for attempting d 2
2nd A1 for ∑ d 2 = 32 .
3rd M1 for correct use of formula for rS

(b) M1 for a correct comparison or statement about significance (o.e.)

Follow through their rs provided 0< rs <1
A1f.t. for a conclusion in context. Must mention judges or marks or competitor.
If they use correlation they must say it is positive.
Follow through their positive rs with their positive c.v. and ignore hypotheses.

So rs =0.667 they could say competitor’s claim is not justified etc.

S.C. No ranking Typical answer (-3.82) can get mark for use of rs formula and hypotheses in (b) only

(a) M0A0M0A0M1A0 (b) B1B1M0A0

2
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Question Scheme Marks

number

2. (a) H 0 : Maths grades are independent of English grades or No association …

H1 : Maths and English grades are dependent or There is an association … B1

60 × 40
Expected Frequencies e.g. = 20 20 27.5 12.5 M1 A1
120
20 27.5 12.5

(O − E ) 2 ⎛ 52 2.52 2.52 ⎞
∑ E = 2 × ⎜⎜ + + ⎟⎟ , = 3.9545… AWRT 3.95 or 3.955 M1, A1
⎝ 20 27.5 12.5 ⎠
ν = (3 − 1)(2 − 1) = 2; χ 22 (10%) c.v. = 4.605 B1; B1
3.95< 4.605 or not significant or do not reject H 0 (allow reject H1 ) M1
Insufficient evidence of an association between English and maths grades
or there is support for the Director’s belief A1 (9)
or Student’s grades in maths and English are independent

(b) May have some expected frequencies <5 (and hence need to pool rows/cols) B1 (1)
10

(a) 1st B1 for both hypotheses in terms of independence or association and in context.
Must mention Maths and English in at least one of the hypotheses.
“relationship” or “correlation” or “connection” or “link” is B0
1st M1 for some correct calculation seen
1st A1 for all expected frequencies correct. Accept answers without formula seen.
2nd M1 for some evidence seen of attempt to calculate test statistic.
At least one correct term seen. Follow through their expected frequencies.
2nd A1 for AWRT 3.95. Answers only please escalate!
3rd M1 for correct comparison or statement – may be implied by correct conclusion.
3rd A1 for conclusion in context using “association” or “independence” in connection with grades.
Don’t insist on seeing English or maths mentioned here.
Use ISW for comments if a false statement and correct statement are seen.

(b) B1 If they just say expected frequencies are “small” they must go onto mention need to pool.

3
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Question Scheme Marks

number

3. H 0 : µ = 18, H1 : µ < 18 B1, B1

16.5 − 18
z= =, −1.9364... AWRT – 1.94 M1, A1
3
15
5% one tail c.v. is z = (-) 1.6449 or probability (AWRT 0.026) (+) 1.6449 B1
- 1.94 < -1.6449 or significant or reject H 0 or in critical region M1

There is evidence that the (mean) time to complete the puzzles has reduced
Or Robert is getting faster (at doing the puzzles) A1f.t.
7
1st & 2nd B1 must see and 18

3
1st M1 for attempting test statistic, allow + . Or attempt at critical value for X : µ − z ×
15
st
1 A1 for AWRT – 1.94. Allow use of |z| = +1.94 to score M1A1. Or critical value = AWRT 16.7.

3rd B1 for AWRT 0.026 (i.e. correct probability only) or + 1.6449. (May be seen in cv formula)

2nd M1 for correct comparison or statement relating their test statistic and 1.6449 or their probability
and 0.05. Ignore their hypotheses if any or assume they were correct.

2nd A1f.t. for conclusion in context which refers to “speed” or “time”. Depends only on previous M

4
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Question Scheme Marks

number

0 × 17 + 1× 31 + ... ⎛ 200 ⎞ 2 2
4. (a) =⎜ = 2⎟ , pˆ = = 0.1 (Accept or 2 per 20) M1, A1 (2)
17 + 31 + ... ⎝ 100 ⎠ 20 20

⎛ 20 ⎞
(b) e.g. r = 100 × ⎜ ⎟ ( 0.1) ( 0.9 )
2 18
M1
⎝2 ⎠
r = 28.5, s = AWRT 9 A1, A1 (3)
(c)
x 0 1 2 3 >4
Oi 17 31 19 14 19
Pooling M1
Ei 12.2 27.0 28.5 19.0 13.3

(O − E) 2 1.89 0.59 3.17 1.32 2.44

E ( O − E )2
∑ E
= AWRT 9.4 M1A1c.a.o.

v = 5 − 2 = 3, χ 32 (5%) = 7.815 B1ft, B1ft

H 0 : Binomial distribution is a good/suitable model/fit [Condone: B(20, 0.1) is…]

H1 : Binomial distribution is not a suitable model both B1

(Significant result) Binomial distribution is not a suitable model A1cao (7)
(d) defective items do not occur independently or not with constant probability B1ft (1)
13
(a) M1 for attempt to find mean or p̂ (as printed or better). The 0.1 must be seen in part (a).
(b) M1 for correct expression for r or s using the binomial distribution. Follow through their p̂ .
(c) 1st M1 for some pooling (accept x > 5, obs.freq. …14, 9, 10 and exp.freq. 19.0, s, 4.3)
2nd M1 for calculation of test statistic (N.B. x > 5 gives 14.5). One correct term seen.
1st B1ft for number of classes – 2 (N.B. x > 5 will have 6 – 2 = 4)

for the appropriate tables value, ft their degrees of freedom. (NB χ 4 (5%) = 9.488 )
2
2nd B1ft
3rd B1 (for hypotheses) allow just “X ~ B(20, 0.1)” for null etc.
2nd A1 for correctly rejecting Binomial model. No ft and depends on 2nd M1.
(d) B1ft for independence or constant probability – must mention defective items or defectives
Follow through their conclusion in (c). So if they do not reject they may say “defectives
occur with probability 0.1”. Stating the value implies constant probability.

5
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Question Scheme Marks

number

361.6
5. (a) µˆ = x = , = 4.52 M1, A1
80
1753.95 − 80 × x 2
σˆ 2 = s 2 = = (1.51288...) M1A1ft
79
AWRT 1.51 A1 (5)
(b) H0 : µ A = µB H1 : µ A > µ B B1 B1

Denominator M1
4.52 − 4.06 ⎛ 0.46 ⎞
z= =⎜ ⎟ z dM1
1.51... 2.50 ⎝ 0.0605... ⎠
+
80 60
= (+) 1.8689… AWRT (+) 1.87 A1
One tail c.v. is z = 1.6449 (AWRT 1.645 or probability AWRT 0.0307 or 0.0308) B1
(significant) there is evidence that diet A is better than diet B or
evidence that (mean) weight lost in first week using diet A is more than with B A1ft (7)
(c) CLT enables you to assume that A and B are normally distributed B1 (1)

Assumed σ A = s A and σ B = sB
2 2 2 2
(d) (either) B1 (1)
14

(a) 2nd M1 for a correct attempt at s or s 2 , A1ft for correct expression for s 2 , ft their mean.
80
N.B. σ 2 n = 1.49... so × 1.49... is M1A1ft
79
(b) 1st B1 can be given for µ1 = µ2 , but 2nd B1 must specify which is A or B.
1st M1 for the denominator, follow through their 1.51.
1.512 2.502
Must have square root can condone 2.502 but + is M0.
80 60
1.51 2.50
Allow + leading to AWRT 1.85 to score M1M1A0 in (b) and can score in (d).
79 59
2nd dM1 for attempting the correct test statistic, dependent on denominator mark
1st A1 for AWRT + 1.87, may be implied by a correct probability.
2nd A1ft ft their test statistic vs their cv only if H1 is correct and both Ms are scored

(c) B1 for stating either A or B (but not A or B) are normally distributed

(d) B1 for either, can be stated in words in terms of variances or standard deviations.

6
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Question Scheme Marks

number

6. x = 12 (123.5 + 154.7 ) = 139.1 B1

2.5758 B1
σ
"their 2.5758" = 154.7 − 139.1 = 15.6 M1
n
AWRT 1.96 B1
σ 15.6 × 1.96
"their 1.96" = = (11.87...) M1
n 2.5758
So 95% C.I. = 139.1 + 11.87…= (127.22…, 150.97…) AWRT (127, 151) A1
6
1st B1 for mean = 139.1 only
1st M1 for UL – mean or mean – LL set equal to z value times standard error or some equivalent
expression for standard error. Follow through their 2.5758 provided a z value.
σ 15.6
May be implied by = 6.056… [N.B. = 6.705... ]
n 2.3263
Condone poor notation for standard error if it is being used correctly to find CI.
nd
2 M1 for full method for semi-width (or width) of 95% interval
Follow through their z values for both M marks

N.B. Use of 2.60 instead of 2.5758 should just lose 2nd B1 since it leads to AWRT (127, 151)

7
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Question Scheme Marks

number

7. (a) Let X = L – 4S then E(X) = 19.7 – 4 ×4.9 ,= 0.1 M1, A1

Var(X) = Var( L) + 42 Var( S ) = 0.52 + 16 × 0.22 M1, M1
= 0.89 A1
P(X > 0) = [P(Z > -0.10599…)] M1
= AWRT (0.542 – 0.544) A1 (7)

(b) T = S1 + S2 + S3 + S 4 (May be implied by 0.16) M1

T ¬N(19.6, 0.16) E(T) = 19.6 B1
Var(T) = 0.16 or 0.42 A1 (3)

(c) Let Y = L – T E(Y ) = E(L) – E(T) = [ 0.1] M1

Var(Y) = Var(L) + Var(T) = [ 0.41] M1
Require P( - 0.1 < Y < 0.1) M1
= P(Z <0) – P(Z < - 0.31..) or 0.5 – P(Z < - 0.31..) or P(Z < 0.31..) – P(Z < 0) M1
= 0.1217 (tables) or 0.1226.. (calc) AWRT (0.122 – 0.123) A1 (5)
15

(a) 1st M1 for defining X and attempting E(X)

1st A1 for 0.1. Answer only will score both marks.
2nd M1 for Var(L) +…..
3rd M1 for …. 4 2 Var(S). For those who don’t attempt L – 4S this will be their only mark in (a).
2nd A1 for 0.89
4th M1 for attempting a correct probability, correct expression and attempt to find, which should
involve some standardisation: ft their 0.89 and their 0.1.
If 0.1 is used for E(X) answer should be > 0.5, otherwise M0.

(c) 1st M1 for a correct method for E(Y), ft their E(T).

2nd M1 for a correct method for Var(Y), ft their Var(T). Must have +.
3rd M1 for dealing with the modulus and a correct probability statement. Must be modulus free.
0.2
May be implied by e.g. P(Z < ) – 0.5, or seeing both 0.378… (or 0.622…) and 0.5
their 0.41

4th M1 for correct expression for the correct probability, as printed or better. E.g. 0.5 + 0.378.. is M0
A1 for AWRT in range.