TM

DSP-4000 Series
CableAnalyzer 

Users Manual

PN 1580351
July 2000
© 2000 Fluke Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.
 LIMITED WARRANTY AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
Fluke Networks, Inc. (Fluke Networks) warrants its products to be free from defects in material and
workmanship under normal use and service for one (1) year, beginning on the date of shipment. Link
interface adapters (LIAs), parts, product repairs, and services are warranted for 90 days. This
warranty extends only to the original buyer or end-user customer of a Fluke Networks authorized
reseller, and does not apply to fuses, disposable batteries, or to any product which, in Fluke
Networks’ opinion, has been misused, altered, neglected, contaminated, or damaged by accident or
abnormal conditions of operation or handling. Fluke Networks warrants that software will operate
substantially in accordance with its functional specifications for 90 days and that it has been properly
recorded on non-defective media. Fluke Networks does not warrant that software will be error free or
operate without interruption.
Fluke Networks’ authorized resellers shall extend this warranty on new and unused products to end-
user customers only but have no authority to extend a greater or different warranty on behalf of Fluke
Networks.
Fluke Networks’ warranty obligation is limited, at Fluke Networks option, to refund of the purchase
price, free of charge repair, or replacement of a defective product which is returned to a Fluke
Networks authorized service center within the warranty period.
To obtain warranty service, contact your nearest Fluke Networks authorized service center to obtain
return authorization information. Following warranty repair, the product will be returned to Buyer,
transportation prepaid (FOB Destination). If Fluke Networks determines that the failure was caused
by misuse, alteration, accident, or abnormal condition of operation or handling, Fluke Networks will
provide an estimate of repair costs and obtain authorization before commencing the work. Following
repair, the product will be returned to the Buyer, transportation prepaid, and the Buyer will be billed
for the repair and return transportation charges (FOB Shipping Point).
Warranty service is available outside the United States only if product was purchased through a
Fluke Networks’ Authorized Sales Outlet in the country of use or the applicable Fluke Networks
international price was paid. Product transported from the United States for which the applicable
Fluke Networks international price was not paid must be returned to the U.S. to receive warranty
service, at the shipment expense and risk of Buyer. Fluke Networks reserves the right to invoice
Buyer for importation costs of repair/replacement parts when product purchased in one country is
submitted for repair in another country.
THIS WARRANTY IS BUYER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL
OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY
IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
FLUKE NETWORKS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, INCLUDING LOSS OF DATA, WHETHER ARISING
FROM BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT, RELIANCE, OR ANY
OTHER THEORY.
Since some countries or states do not allow limitation of the term of an implied warranty, or exclusion
or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, the limitations and exclusions of this warranty
may not apply to every buyer. If any provision of this Warranty is held invalid or unenforceable by a
court or other decision-maker of competent jurisdiction, such holding will not affect the validity or
enforceability of any other provision.
Fluke Networks, Inc. Fluke Europe B.V.
P.O. Box 9090 P.O. Box 1186
Everett, WA 98206-9090 5602 BD Eindhoven
U.S.A. The Netherlands
7/00
 Table of Contents

Chapter Page

1 Introduction ...................................................................................... 1-1

Contacting Fluke Networks............................................................................. 1-1
Overview of Features ...................................................................................... 1-2
Standard Accessories....................................................................................... 1-4
Using This Manual .......................................................................................... 1-6

2 Getting Started ................................................................................. 2-1

Read First: Safety and Operational Information.............................................. 2-1
Quick Start....................................................................................................... 2-4
Using the Link Interface Adapters .................................................................. 2-5
Formatting the Memory Card (DSP-4100)...................................................... 2-6
Quick Configuration........................................................................................ 2-8
Results within Accuracy Range....................................................................... 2-9
Autotest on Twisted Pair Cable....................................................................... 2-10
Saving Test Reports......................................................................................... 2-11
Using the Talk Mode....................................................................................... 2-14
Autotest on Coaxial Cable............................................................................... 2-15
Main Unit Features .......................................................................................... 2-17
Remote Features .............................................................................................. 2-20
Link Interface Adapter Features...................................................................... 2-22
Strap and Bail .................................................................................................. 2-23
Rotary Switch .................................................................................................. 2-23
Turning On the Test Tool ................................................................................ 2-28
Configuring the Test Tool ............................................................................... 2-30
Remote Lights, Messages, and Audible Tones................................................ 2-40
Remote Communication Error ........................................................................ 2-40
Battery Status .................................................................................................. 2-41
Battery Status Display ..................................................................................... 2-41

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

3 Autotest ............................................................................................ 3-1

Autotest Softkeys ............................................................................................ 3-1
Autotest on Twisted Pair Cable ...................................................................... 3-2
Link Performance Grade Result (Headroom) ................................................. 3-5
Worst Margin and Worst Value Results ......................................................... 3-5
Automatic Diagnostics.................................................................................... 3-6
Autotest Results for Twisted Pair Cable ......................................................... 3-7
Autotest on Coaxial Cable .............................................................................. 3-22
Autotest Results for Coaxial Cable................................................................. 3-24
Saving Autotest Results .................................................................................. 3-26
The Autotest Report........................................................................................ 3-30

4 Running Individual Tests ................................................................ 4-1

Single Tests for Twisted Pair Cable................................................................ 4-1
Scanning Function .......................................................................................... 4-2
When to Use a Remote Unit ........................................................................... 4-2
Running a Single Test on Twisted Pair Cable ................................................ 4-4
The HDTDX Analyzer.................................................................................... 4-6
The HDTDR Test............................................................................................ 4-9
Single Test Results for Twisted Pair Cable .................................................... 4-14
Single Tests for Coaxial Cable........................................................................ 4-16
Monitoring Network Activity ......................................................................... 4-19
Identifying Hub Port Connections .................................................................. 4-22
Monitoring Impulse Noise .............................................................................. 4-22
Determining Hub Port Capabilities................................................................. 4-26
Using the Tone Generator ............................................................................... 4-26

5 Viewing and Printing Saved Reports.............................................. 5-1

Printing Test Reports ...................................................................................... 5-1
Viewing, Renaming, and Deleting Test Reports............................................. 5-6

6 Calibrations and Custom Test Standards ...................................... 6-1

Calibrating the Test Tool ................................................................................ 6-1
NVP Calibration.............................................................................................. 6-3
Configuring a Custom Test ............................................................................. 6-4

7 Basic Cable Testing ......................................................................... 7-1

LAN Cable Construction ................................................................................ 7-1
Coaxial Cable.................................................................................................. 7-4
Basic Link and Channel Connections ............................................................. 7-5
Attenuation (Insertion Loss) ........................................................................... 7-7
Noise ............................................................................................................... 7-8
Characteristic Impedance................................................................................ 7-9
Minimizing Impedance Discontinuities .......................................................... 7-10
ii
 Contents (continued)

Crosstalk.......................................................................................................... 7-11
NEXT .............................................................................................................. 7-11
FEXT and ELFEXT ........................................................................................ 7-12
Locating NEXT and ELFEXT Problems......................................................... 7-14
Power Sum Values .......................................................................................... 7-17
Propagation Delay and Delay Skew ................................................................ 7-18
Nominal Velocity of Propagation (NVP) ........................................................ 7-19
High-Definition Time Domain Reflectometry (HDTDR)............................... 7-20
ACR................................................................................................................. 7-24
RL.................................................................................................................... 7-26
Troubleshooting Basics ................................................................................... 7-27

8 Maintenance and Specifications ..................................................... 8-1

Maintenance .................................................................................................... 8-1
If the Test Tool Fails ....................................................................................... 8-3
Specifications .................................................................................................. 8-8

Appendices
A Tests Supported by LIAs .......................................................................... A-1
B Getting Started with CableManager Software .......................................... B-1
C Glossary .................................................................................................... C-1

Index

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

iv
 List of Tables

Table Title Page

2-1. International Electrical Symbols ..................................................................... 2-1

2-2. Key Functions for the Menu System ............................................................... 2-4
2-3. Quick Configuration Settings .......................................................................... 2-8
2-4. Main Unit Features .......................................................................................... 2-18
2-5. Remote Connectors and Features .................................................................... 2-21
2-6. Status Indications from the Remote ................................................................ 2-41
2-7. Battery Status Messages .................................................................................. 2-42
3-1. Wire Map Displays.......................................................................................... 3-7
3-2. Items on the Attenuation Results Screen......................................................... 3-11
3-3. Items on the NEXT Results Screen ................................................................. 3-13
3-4. Items on the ELFEXT Results Screen............................................................. 3-16
3-5. Items on the ACR Results Screen ................................................................... 3-18
3-6. Items on the RL Results Screen....................................................................... 3-20
4-1. Remote Requirements for Cable Tests ............................................................ 4-3
4-2. Items on the HDTDX Analyzer Results Screen .............................................. 4-7
4-3. Effects of Termination on HDTDR Results .................................................... 4-10
4-4. Items on an HDTDR Results Screen (Twisted Pair Results) .......................... 4-12
4-5. Items on the Traffic Monitor Screen ............................................................... 4-21
4-6. Items on the Noise Monitor Screen ................................................................. 4-25
7-1. Identifying Cable Faults .................................................................................. 7-28
8-1. Troubleshooting the Test Tool ........................................................................ 8-4
8-2. Replacement Parts ........................................................................................... 8-5
8-3. Options and Accessories.................................................................................. 8-7
8-4. Worst Case Measurement Accuracy................................................................ 8-14
8-5. PC Interface Cable Connections...................................................................... 8-21
8-6. 9-to 25-pin Adapter ......................................................................................... 8-21
A-1. Tests Supported by Standard Link Interface Adapters .................................... A-2
B-1. The CableManager Toolbar............................................................................. B-7

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

vi
 List of Figures

Figure Title Page

1-1. Standard Accessories....................................................................................... 1-5

2-1. Attaching a Link Interface Adapter ................................................................. 2-6
2-2. Inserting and Removing the Memory card ...................................................... 2-7
2-3. The Asterisk and Test Tool Accuracy ............................................................. 2-9
2-4. Typical Test Connections for a Basic Link ..................................................... 2-12
2-5. Typical Test Connections for a Channel ......................................................... 2-13
2-6. Autotest Connections for Coaxial Cable ......................................................... 2-16
2-7. Main Unit Features .......................................................................................... 2-17
2-8. Remote Features .............................................................................................. 2-20
2-9. Link Interface Adapter Features...................................................................... 2-22
2-10. Attaching the Strap and Opening the Bail ....................................................... 2-23
3-1. Typical Test Connections for a Basic Link ..................................................... 3-3
3-2. Typical Test Connections for a Channel ......................................................... 3-4
3-3. Examples of Automatic Diagnostics Displays ................................................ 3-6
3-4. The Attenuation Plot Screen............................................................................ 3-12
3-5. The NEXT Plot Screen.................................................................................... 3-14
3-6. The ELFEXT Plot Screen................................................................................ 3-17
3-7. The ACR Plot Screen ...................................................................................... 3-19
3-8. The RL Plot Screen ......................................................................................... 3-21
3-9. Autotest Connections for Coaxial Cable ......................................................... 3-23
3-10. Saving Autotest Results (Auto Increment and Auto Sequence Disabled)....... 3-27
4-1. Single Test Connections for Twisted Pair Cable............................................. 4-5
4-2. Example of an HDTDX Analyzer Plot for a Good Twisted Pair Cable Run .. 4-8
4-3. Example of an HDTDR Plot (Twisted Pair Results)....................................... 4-13
4-4. Single Test Connections for Coaxial Cable..................................................... 4-17
4-5. Connections for Monitoring Network Traffic ................................................. 4-19
4-6. Typical Connections for Monitoring Impulse Noise....................................... 4-24
5-1. Connections for Printing Test Reports ............................................................ 5-3
6-1. Connections for Self-Calibration..................................................................... 6-2
7-1. Twisted Pair Cable Construction..................................................................... 7-2
7-2. EIA/TIA RJ45 Connections ............................................................................ 7-3

vii
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

7-3. Coaxial Cable Construction ............................................................................ 7-4

7-4. Basic Link Test Connections .......................................................................... 7-5
7-5. Channel Test Connections .............................................................................. 7-6
7-6. Attenuation of a Signal ................................................................................... 7-7
7-7. Sources of Electrical Noise ............................................................................. 7-8
7-8. How FEXT Signals are All Equally Attenuated ............................................. 7-13
7-9. An HDTDX Analyzer Plot.............................................................................. 7-14
7-10. Split Pair Wiring ............................................................................................. 7-16
7-11. How NVP is Calculated .................................................................................. 7-19
7-12. Signals Reflected from an Open, Shorted, and Terminated Cable ................. 7-21
7-13. Example of an HDTDR Plot ........................................................................... 7-23
7-14. A Plot of NEXT, Attenuation, and the Resulting ACR .................................. 7-25
8-1. Removing the NiMH Battery Pack ................................................................. 8-2
8-2. Typical Measurement Accuracy ..................................................................... 8-13
8-3. Operating Environment Specifications ........................................................... 8-23
B-1. Connecting the Memory Card Reader to a PC................................................ B-3
B-2. Connecting the Test Tool to a PC ................................................................... B-4
B-3. The CableManager Project Window............................................................... B-8
B-4. Autotest Report in Tabular Format ................................................................. B-13
B-5. Autotest Report in Graphical Format.............................................................. B-14

viii
 Chapter 1
Introduction

Chapter 1 provides the following information:

• Contact information for Fluke Networks
• Features of the DSP-4000 and DSP-4100 test tools.
• A list of equipment included with the test tool.
• A guide to using this manual.

Contacting Fluke Networks

Visit the Fluke Networks web site at www.flukenetworks.com.
To order accessories or get the location of the nearest Fluke Networks distributor
or service center, call:
• USA: 1-888-99-FLUKE (1-888-993-5853)
• Canada: 1-800-363-5853
• Europe: +31-402-678-200
• Japan: +81-3-3434-0181
• Singapore: +65-738-5655
• Anywhere in the world: +1-425-446-4519
For operating assistance in the USA, call 1-800-283-5853.

1-1
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Overview of Features
Note
New features may be available with software upgrades. Visit the
Fluke Networks website at www.flukenetworks.com or contact your
Fluke Networks representative for information on upgrades.
The Fluke Networks DSP-4000 Series LAN CableAnalyzers™ (hereafter referred
to as “the test tool”) are hand-held instruments used to certify, test, and
troubleshoot coaxial and twisted pair cable in local area network (LAN)
installations. The test tool combines test pulses with digital signal processing to
provide fast, accurate results and advanced testing capabilities up to 350 MHz.
The test tool includes the following features:
• Certifies LAN basic link and channel configurations to IEEE, ANSI, TIA, and
ISO/IEC standards.
• Optional Fiber Test Adapters lets you certify LAN basic fiber links to
TIA/EIA and ISO/IEC standards.
• Presents test options and results in a simple menu system.
• Presents displays and printed reports in English, German, French, Spanish,
Portuguese, Italian, or Japanese.
• Runs all critical tests automatically. Diagnostic routine helps you identify and
locate faults.
• Produces 2-way Autotest results.
• “Talk” feature allows 2-way voice communication between the main and
remote units over twisted pair cable or over fiber using a Fiber Test Adapter.
• Model DSP-4000 stores at least 500 text-only test reports in nonvolatile
memory. Model DSP-4100 stores at least 250 grapical test reports on a
removeable memory card.

1-2
 Introduction
Overview of Features 1
• Sends stored test reports to a host computer or directly to a serial printer.
• Includes a stored library of common test standards and cable types for copper
and fiber installations. Flash EPROM accepts test standard and software
upgrades.
• Allows for configuration of up to 4 custom test standards.
• High Definition Time Domain Crosstalk (HDTDX) analyzer locates the
position of crosstalk problems on a cable.
• Produces plots of NEXT, ELFEXT, PSNEXT, PSELFEXT, attenuation, ACR,
PSACR, and RL. Shows NEXT, ELFEXT, PSNEXT, PSELFEXT,
attenuation, ACR, and PSACR results up to 350 MHz. Gives remote results
for NEXT, PSNEXT, ACR, and RL.
• Optional DSP-LIA013 adapters let you monitor network traffic on
10/100BASE-TX Ethernet systems, monitors impulse noise on twisted pair
cable, helps you identify hub port connections, and determines which
standards are supported by a hub port connection.
• Tone generator lets you use an inductive pickup device, such as the Fluke
Networks 140 A-Bug Tone Probe, to identify cables in a LAN installation.
• Optional link interface adapters let you test additional types of LAN cable.

1-3
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Standard Accessories
A DSP-4000 Series test tool comes with the following accessories, which are
shown in Figure 1-1. If the test tool is damaged or something is missing, contact
the place of purchase immediately.
• 1 DSP-4000SR or DSP-4100SR remote unit (not shown)
• 2 DSP-LIA011 Basic Link Adapter for Cat 5E
• 2 DSP-LIA012 Channel Adapters for Cat 5E
• 2 AC adapter/chargers 120 V (US only) or universal adapter/chargers and line
cords (outside North America)
• 1 Memory card reader (DSP-4100)
• 1 16 MB memory card (DSP-4100)
• 2 NiMH battery packs (installed)
• 2 Headsets
• 1 DSP-4000 Calibration Module
• 1 50 Ω BNC coaxial cable
• 1 RJ45 to BNC adapter
• 1 PC serial interface (EIA-232C) cable
• 2 Carrying straps
• 1 CableManager CD
• 1 Users manual (not shown)
• 1 Warranty registration card (not shown)
• 1 Soft carrying case (not shown)
If you purchased optional Fiber Test Adapters, refer to the Fiber Test Adapter
users manual for a list of fiber accessories.

1-4
 Introduction
Standard Accessories 1
RJ45 to BNC
Coaxial
Adapter
Cable

DSP-4000 Calibration Module

DSP-LIA011 (2)
DSP-LIA012 (2)
CableManager
Software CD

RS-232 Cable

Nickel-Metal Hydride
(2) Battery Pack

Headsets (2)
Straps (2)

DSP-4100

Memory Card

AC Adapter/Charger

or
Memory Card
Reader

oy01f.eps
Figure 1-1. Standard Accessories

1-5
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Using This Manual

Warning
Before using the test tool, carefully read "Safety and
Operational Information" at the beginning of Chapter 2.
Except where noted, the information in this manual applies to all DSP-4000 Series
test tools.
If you are familiar with the general features, functions, and operation of LAN
cable testers and want to start testing cables immediately, proceed as follows:
1. Read “Quick Start” in Chapter 2 to prepare the test tool for operation, access
the test tool’s functions, and run an Autotest.
2. Refer to the test and setup features listed under “Rotary Switch” in Chapter 2
to locate functions in the test tool’s menu structure.
3. Refer to the Glossary in the Appendix to find definitions for unfamiliar terms.
If you have never used a LAN cable tester, but want to start testing cables
immediately and learn as you work, proceed as follows:
1. Read “Quick Start” in Chapter 2 to prepare the test tool for operation, access
the test tool’s functions, and run an Autotest.
2. Refer to the Glossary in the Appendix to find definitions for unfamiliar terms.
3. Refer to the test and setup features listed under “Rotary Switch” in Chapter 2
to locate functions in the test tool’s menu structure.
4. Refer to Chapter 3, “Autotest,” to find more detailed information about cable
tests and test results.
5. Read Chapter 4, “Running Individual Tests,” to learn how to run individual
tests and monitor network traffic and impulse noise.
6. Read Chapter 7, “Basic Cable Testing,” to add to your cable testing and
troubleshooting knowledge.

1-6
 Introduction
Using This Manual 1
If you have never used a LAN cable tester and want to learn about cable testing
and troubleshooting before you use the test tool, proceed as follows:
1. Read Chapter 7, “Basic Cable Testing,” to learn the basics of LAN cable
characteristics, testing, and interpreting test results.
2. Read Chapter 2, “Getting Started”, to learn about the test tool’s features and
how to prepare the test tool for use.
3. Read Chapter 3, “Autotest,” to learn how to run the most commonly used
cable test and interpret the test results.
4. Read Chapter 4, “Running Individual Tests,” to learn how to run individual
tests and monitor impulse noise.
5. Refer to the test and setup features listed under “Rotary Switch” in Chapter 2
to locate functions in the test tool’s menu structure.
6. Refer to the Glossary in the Appendix to find definitions for unfamiliar terms.
For information on testing fiber cable, refer to the users manual for your fiber test
adapter.

1-7
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

1-8
 Chapter 2
Getting Started

Chapter 2 provides the following information:

• Safety and cautions to observe when using the test tool.
• Instructions for getting started quickly with the test tool.
• Detailed information on the test tool’s features.
• Detailed instructions on configuring the test tool.

Read First: Safety and Operational Information

The international electrical symbols used on the instrument or in this manual are
described in Table 2-1. Certification symbols are described in "Specifications" in
Chapter 8.

Table 2-1. International Electrical Symbols

Warning: Risk of electric shock.

Warning or Caution: Risk of damage or destruction to equipment or software. See

explanations in the manual.

Equipment is protected by double insulation or reinforced insulation to protect the user

against electric shock.

Do not connect this terminal to public communications networks, such as telephone

systems.

2-1
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Warning
To avoid possible fire, electric shock, personal injury, or
damage to the test tool
• If this product is used in a manner not specified by the
manufacturer, the protection provided by the product
may be impaired.
• Use only the ac adapter/charger provided with the test
tool (PN 106200 or 944223) to charge the battery or
power the test tool.
• Never connect the test tool to any telephony inputs,
systems, or equipment, including ISDN. Doing so is a
misapplication of this product, which can result in
damage to the test tool and create a potential shock
hazard to the user.
• Never connect the CABLE TEST input to any LAN
inputs, systems, or equipment. Doing so is a
misapplication of this product, which can result in
damage to the test tool and create a potential shock
hazard to the user.
• Always turn on the test tool before connecting it to a
cable. Turning the test tool on activates the tool’s
input protection circuitry.
• When servicing the test tool, use only specified
replacement parts.
• Do not use the test tool if it operates abnormally.
Protection may be impaired.
• Do not use the test tool if it is damaged. Inspect the
test tool before use.

Caution
To avoid disrupting network operation and to ensure
maximum accuracy of test results
• Except when monitoring network activity, never
connect the test tool to an active network. Doing so
may disrupt network operation.

2-2
 Getting Started
Read First: Safety and Operational Information 2
• Never attempt to insert any connector other than an
RJ45 connector into the RJ45 jack. Inserting other
connectors, such as RJ11 (telephone) connectors, can
permanently damage the jack.
• Never attempt to send data from a PC to the test tool
while running a cable test. Doing so might cause
erroneous test results.
• Never operate portable transmitting devices during a
cable test. Doing so might cause erroneous test
results.
• When using the optional channel/traffic link interface
adapter (DSP-LIA013), never run tests with cables
connected to both the cable jack and the monitor jack.
Doing so might cause erroneous test results.
• To ensure maximum accuracy of test results, perform
the self-calibration procedure as described in
“Calibrating the Test Tool” in Chapter 6 every 30 days.
• To avoid false test results, recharge the battery as
soon as the low battery message appears.

2-3
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Quick Start
This section is for users who want to start using the test tool immediately with
minimal instruction. For suggestions on additional reading that may be helpful to
you, see “Using this Manual” in Chapter 1. To get started with the optional Fiber
Test Adapters, refer to the Fiber Test Adapter users manual.

Note
New features may be available with software upgrades. Visit the
Fluke Networks website at www.flukenetworks.com or contact your
Fluke Networks representative for information on upgrades.

Powering the Test Tool

Before powering the test tool or remote with the NiMH battery pack, charge the
battery for about 3 hours. To charge the battery, connect the ac adapter/charger to
the test tool or remote and to ac line power. You can operate the unit on ac power
while the battery charges. A fully-charged battery typically lasts at least 8 hours.
See “Battery Status” later in this chapter for information on battery status
messages.

Note
The ac adapter/charger will not power the test tool when the battery
pack is removed.

Using the Menus

The test tool’s setup configuration, test selections, and test results are presented in
a menu system. Table 2-2 shows the keys used to select items and move between
screens in the menu system.

Table 2-2. Key Functions for the Menu System

Key Function

UD L R Allow up, down, left, and right movement on the display.

E Selects the highlighted item.
T Starts the highlighted test.
e Exits the current screen.
!@ Softkeys select the function displayed on the screen area above the key.
#$ Softkey functions depend on the screen displayed.

2-4
 Getting Started
Using the Link Interface Adapters 2
Using the Link Interface Adapters
The link interface adapters provide the correct jacks and interface circuitry for
testing different types of LAN cable. The adapters also allow for upgrades when
new types of cable are developed. The test tool comes with four link interface
adapters.

Caution
Never use a basic link interface adapter’s cable as a
handle. Doing so will damage the cable.
• Two DSP-LIA011 Basic Link Adapters for Cat 5 and Cat 5E
◊ Feature shielded Cat 5 cable and RJ45 connectors.
◊ Test shielded or unshielded Cat 5 and Cat 5E (Enhanced Cat 5) basic link
installations. (See Chapter 7 for a description of a basic link.)
◊ For use on the main and remote units.
• Two DSP-LIA012 Channel Adapters for Cat 5 and 5E
◊ Feature shielded Cat 5 RJ45 connectors.
◊ Tests shielded or unshielded Cat 5 and 5E channel installations. (See
Chapter 7 for a description of a channel.)
◊ RJ45 jack accepts the RJ45 to BNC adapter provided for testing coaxial
cable.
Optional link interface adapters that provide additional functions are available
from your Fluke Networks dealer.
Figure 2-1 shows how to attach a link interface adapter. Self-calibration is not
required when you change adapters. The test tool displays a message if you try to
run a test that is not supported by the attached link interface adapter.
The LIA Status selection on the SPECIAL FUNCTIONS menu reports the type of
link interface adapter attached to the main and remote units. The status display
also shows how many Autotests have been run with each adapter.

2-5
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

oy72f.eps
Figure 2-1. Attaching a Link Interface Adapter

Formatting the Memory Card (DSP-4100)

Autotest results you save on a DSP-4100 test tool are stored on a removable
memory card. One 16 MB card is included with the test tool. Compatible cards of
different capacities can also be used in the test tool. Figure 2-2 shows how to insert
and remove the card. You do not need to turn the test tool off before inserting or
removing the card.
Before you store test results, the card must be formatted as follows:
1. Insert the card into the test tool as shown in Figure 2-2.
2. Turn the rotary switch to SPECIAL FUNCTIONS. Use D to select
Memory Card Configuration; then press E.
3. Press $ Format; then press # Yes to begin formatting.
For instructions on using the memory card reader and transferring Autotest results
to a PC, see the CableManager Appendix.

2-6
 Getting Started
Formatting the Memory Card (DSP-4100) 2

Inserting the card

Removing the card

Push button to eject card

oy79f.eps

Figure 2-2. Inserting and Removing the Memory card

To see the status of the memory card, press the Memory softkey that appears on
several of the Autotest displays or select Memory Card Configuration
in the SPECIAL FUNCTIONS mode.

2-7
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Quick Configuration
The settings listed in Table 2-3 affect either the display format or the accuracy of
your test results. Following the table are instructions for changing the settings. For
a complete list of the test tool’s adjustable settings, refer to the later section
“Setup.”

Table 2-3. Quick Configuration Settings

SETUP Setting Description

Test Standard Select the test standard and cable type you are using. Fiber optic cable
and Cable Type testing requires a Fluke Networks DSP-FTA410 Fiber Test Adapter or a
Fluke Networks DSP-FOM (Fiber Optic Meter; comes with the DSP-FTK).
Report Enter your company’s name, operators’ names, and site names. These
Identification names appear in the Autotest reports you save.
Store Plot Data Enable this setting to store plot data (from tests such as attenuation, return
(DSP-4100) loss, and NEXT) with Autotest results saved on a DSP-4100.
Length Units Select meters or feet as the unit for length measurements.
Numeric Format Select a format (0.00 or 0,00) for display of decimal fractions.
Display and Select English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, or
Report Japanese. Korean and Simplified Chinese are available for some display
Language messages and for reports printed with CableManager software.
Power Line Select the frequency of the ac power in your area. The test tool filters out
Noise Filter 50 Hz or 60 Hz noise from measurements.
Frequency

2-8
 Getting Started
Results within Accuracy Range 2
To change any of the settings shown in Table 2-3, proceed as follows:
1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.
2. If the setting you want to change is not on the first Setup screen, press
$ Page Down to see additional Setup screens.
3. Use D U to highlight the setting you want to change.
4. Press ! Choice.
5. Use D U to highlight the setting you want.
6. Press E to store the highlighted setting.
7. Repeat steps 2 through 6 to change additional settings.

Results within Accuracy Range

An asterisk following a test result value indicates that the value is within the test
tool’s range of accuracy, as shown in Figure 2-3. All tests except the wire map test
may produce results with an asterisk if required by the selected test standard.
If a “pass” result is marked with an asterisk, look for ways to improve the cable
installation to eliminate the marginal performance. A “fail” result marked with an
asterisk should be considered a failure.
The asterisk appears on displayed, uploaded, and printed test results.

Pass

* Pass Region Accuracy

Limit Range of
Test Tool
* Fail Region

Fail

oy02f.eps

Figure 2-3. The Asterisk and Test Tool Accuracy

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Autotest on Twisted Pair Cable

Autotest performs all of the tests necessary to determine if the cable you are
testing meets the test standards specified for your LAN installation.
The following tests apply to twisted pair cable:
• Headroom report (The worst-case margin for a parameter determined by the
selected standard. This may be NEXT, ACR, PSNEXT, or another
measurement.)
• Wire Map
• Resistance
• Length
• Propagation Delay
• Delay Skew
• Impedance
• NEXT and ELFEXT (Near-End and Equal Level Far-End Crosstalk)
• Attenuation
• ACR (Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio)
• RL (Return Loss)
• PSNEXT (Power Sum NEXT)
• PSELFEXT (Power Sum Equal Level Far-End Crosstalk)
• PSACR (Power Sum ACR)
When you start an Autotest, the test tool displays a message if the attached link
interface adapter does not support the selected test standard.
To Autotest twisted pair cable, refer to Figures 2-4 or 2-5 and proceed as follows:
Note
If the calibration message appears after you start the Autotest, refer
to “Calibrating the Test Tool” in Chapter 6 for complete calibration
instructions.

2-10
 Getting Started
Saving Test Reports 2
1. Attach the appropriate link interface adapters to the main and remote units.
Refer to the table in the Appendix.
2. Turn the remote’s rotary switch to ON.
3. Connect the remote to the far end of the cable link. For channel testing,
connect using the network equipment patch cord.
4. Turn the rotary switch on the main unit to AUTOTEST.
5. Verify that the settings displayed are correct. You can change these settings in
the SETUP mode.
6. Connect the test tool to the near end of the cable link. For channel testing,
connect using the network equipment patch cord.
7. Press T to start the Autotest.

Saving Test Reports

When an Autotest is complete, you can save the results by pressing S. Use
the alphanumeric display to enter a cable identification for the report; then press
S again. See Chapter 3 for details.

To configure the test tool’s auto increment or auto sequence function, see
“Automatically Incrementing the Cable Identification” in this chapter. You can
view and delete saved Autotest reports in the SPECIAL FUNCTIONS mode.

See the CableManager Appendix for information on uploaded reports to a PC.

2-11
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Telecommunications Work Area

closet

Horizontal
cross-connect

Transition
outlet Wall
outlet

Horizontal
cabling

PC
Test equipment
cord
Hub
Test equipment
cord Basic Link LIA

Basic Link LIA

TALK

Smart
Remote
Test Tool

oy68f.eps
Figure 2-4. Typical Test Connections for a Basic Link

2-12
 Getting Started
Saving Test Reports 2
Telecommunications Work Area
closet

Horizontal
cross-connect

Transition
outlet Wall
outlet

Horizontal
cabling

PC
Patch cord
Patch cord from PC
Hub from hub

Channel LIA

Channel LIA

TALK

Smart
Remote
Test Tool

oy03f.eps
Figure 2-5. Typical Test Connections for a Channel

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Using the Talk Mode

The Talk mode allows two-way voice communication over twisted pair or fiber
cable (Fiber Test Adapters are required for fiber cable). Two-way communication
over twisted pair cable requires two good wire pairs.

Note
The Talk mode is disabled during cable tests. The Monitor jack on
the optional DSP-LIA013 does not support the Talk mode.
Use the Talk mode as follows:
1. Connect the main and remote units to the cable under test.
2. Plug the headsets into the headset jacks on the main and remote units.
3. Press V on either the main or remote unit; then speak into the headset’s
microphone. To adjust the volume at the main unit, use U or D. To adjust
the volume at the remote, use V to cycle through the volume settings.
4. To exit the Talk mode, press e or turn the rotary switch to a new position.
The Talk mode turns off automatically when you start a cable test.

2-14
 Getting Started
Autotest on Coaxial Cable 2
Autotest on Coaxial Cable
The following tests are run during an Autotest on coaxial cable:
• Impedance
• Resistance
• Length
• Anomaly detection (Results shown only if anomalies are detected.)
To run an Autotest on coaxial cable, refer to Figure 2-6 and proceed as follows:
1. Turn off any PC nodes connected to the cable you are testing.
2. If you want the Autotest to report cable length, remove the terminator from the
far end of the cable.
3. Attach any channel link interface adapter to the main unit.
4. Turn the rotary switch to AUTOTEST.
5. Verify that the test standard and cable type displayed are correct. You can
change these settings in the SETUP mode.
6. Remove the terminator from the near end of the coaxial cable. Use the RJ45 to
BNC adapter to connect the cable to the test tool.
7. Press T to start the Autotest.

2-15
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

PC

PC
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

PC

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

For Length Test,

remove far-end
Terminator

Channel LIA

BNC “T”
Connector

DSP-4000 CABLE ANALYZER

1 2 3 4

EXIT

FAULT TALK
INFO

TEST ENTER SAVE

MONITOR
SINGLE
SETUP

Test Tool TEST

AUTO
TEST
PRINT

SPECIAL
OFF FUNCTIONS

oy04f.epc
Figure 2-6. Autotest Connections for Coaxial Cable

2-16
 Getting Started
Main Unit Features 2
Main Unit Features
Figure 2-7 shows the features on the main unit and Table 2-4 explains their
functions.

DSP-4100 Side Plate

17

18

12
DSP-4000 Side Plate

6 14
13

7 15
1 2 3 4
8
5 EXIT

4 FAULT
TALK
9 16
INFO

3 TEST ENTER SAVE

2 SINGLE
TEST
MONITOR
SETUP 10
AUTO PRINT
TEST

SPECIAL
OFF FUNCTIONS
11
1

oy05f.eps

Figure 2-7. Main Unit Features

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Table 2-4. Main Unit Features

Item Feature Description

A Rotary Switch Selects the test tool’s modes.

B T Starts the highlighted test or restarts the test last run.

C F Automatically provides more specific information on the cause

of an Autotest failure.
D e Exits the current screen without saving any changes you made.

E !@ Provide functions related to the concurrent display. Softkey

#$ functions are shown in the display area above the keys.

F Display A LCD display with backlight and adjustable contrast.

G L R U D Allow left, right, up, and down movement on the display.

Increase or decrease the numerical values of user-definable
parameters.

H C Controls the display backlight. Pressing for 1 second allows

adjustment of the display contrast. Reactivates the test tool
when the tool is in power down mode.
I V Lets you use the headset for two-way voice communication
over twisted pair or fiber cable.
J S Saves Autotest results and parameter changes in memory.

K E Selects the highlighted item from a menu.

L LIA connector and Connector and latch for the link interface adapters (LIAs).
latch
M RS-232C serial A 9-pin connector for interfacing with a printer or host computer
port via a standard IBM-AT EIA RS-232C serial cable.

N 2.5 mm phone jack Connection for the headset supplied with the test tool.

2-18
 Getting Started
Main Unit Features 2
Table 2-4. Main Unit Features (cont.)

Item Feature Description

O AC power indicator LED off, Battery is not charging.

unit turned off The charger is not plugged in.
LED off, Battery is not charging.
unit turned on The charger is not plugged in
or the test tool is running a
test. When the test is
finished, charging resumes
unless the battery is already
charged (>80%).
LED flashing red Fast charge pending.
Charging is beginning. This
state may last for several
minutes until fast charging
begins.
LED steady red Fast charge.
The unit stays in fast charge
mode for up to 4 hours, or
until either the battery is fully
charged or a test is initiated.
LED steady Charge complete.
green Fast charge is complete. The
unit enters trickle charge
mode.

P AC adapter/ charger jack Connection for the ac adapter/charger supplied with

the test tool.

Q Eject button (DSP-4100) Button for ejecting the memory card.

R Memory card slot (DSP-4100) Slot for the memory card used for saving Autotest
results on a DSP-4100.

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Remote Features
Figure 2-8 shows the features on the remote unit, and Table 2-5 explains their
functions.

1 PASS

TESTING 6
FAIL
7
3 TALKING

LOW BATTERY 8
9
10
4 TALK

11

12
ON

OFF

oy06f.eps

Figure 2-8. Remote Features

2-20
 Getting Started
Remote Features 2
Table 2-5. Remote Connectors and Features

Item Feature Description

1 RS-232C serial port A DB9P connector for loading software updates.

2 2.5 mm phone jack Connection for the headset supplied with the test tool.

3 AC adapter/ Connection for the ac adapter/charger supplied with the test

charger jack tool.

4 AC power indicator LED off, Battery is not charging.

unit turned off The charger is not plugged in.
LED off, Battery is not charging.
unit turned on The charger is not plugged in or the test
tool is running a test. When the test is
finished, charging resumes unless the
battery is already charged (>80%).
LED flashing Fast charge pending.
red Charging is beginning. This state may last
for several minutes until fast charging
begins.
LED steady red Fast charge.
The unit stays in fast charge mode for up to
4 hours, or until either the battery is fully
charged or a test is initiated.
LED steady Charge complete.
green Fast charge is complete. The unit enters
trickle charge mode.

5 LIA connector and Connector and latch for attaching link interface adapters.
latch

6 Pass LED A green LED that turns on at the end of a test if no faults were
detected.

7 Test LED A yellow LED that turns on when a test is in progress.

8 Fail LED A red LED that turns on at the end of a test if one or more faults
were detected.

9 Talking LED A LED that turns on when the Talk mode is active.

0 Low-battery LED A LED that turns on when the remote battery voltage is low.

f X Lets you use the headset for two-way voice communication

over twisted pair or fiber cable. When the Talk mode is active,
TALK this button controls the headset volume.
g Rotary switch On/off switch for remote.

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Link Interface Adapter Features

Figure 2-9 explains the features of the standard link interface adapters.

DSP-LIA011

3
DSP-LIA012

oy71f.ep

1 DSP-LIA011 cable Shielded Cat 5 twisted pair cable with a shielded Cat 5 RJ45
and plug plug for testing basic link installations.
2 DSP-LIA012 jack Shielded Cat 5 RJ45 jack for testing channel installations.
3 Latch and 60-pin Latch and connector for attaching the LIA to a DSP-4100 test
connector tool.
Figure 2-9. Link Interface Adapter Features

2-22
 Getting Started
Strap and Bail 2
Strap and Bail
The test tool and the remote have a strap and a bail. Figure 2-10 shows how to
attach the strap and open the bail.

oy07f.eps
Figure 2-10. Attaching the Strap and Opening the Bail

Rotary Switch
The following paragraphs summarize the modes you can select with the rotary switch on
the main unit.
Off
Turns the test tool off. Setup information and test results saved via the S key
are stored in nonvolatile memory.

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Autotest
Autotest is the most frequently used function in LAN cable testing. Autotest
performs all of the tests necessary to qualify the cable you are testing. When the
Autotest is complete, the tests that were run are listed with the overall result for
each test. You can also view detailed results for each test. Results from Autotests
can be saved for printing or transmission to a host computer.
The following tests apply to twisted pair cable:

Note
The tests run during an Autotest on twisted pair cable depend on the
test standard selected. Tests not applicable to the selected test
standard are not run or displayed. For a list of the tests and limits
associated with common standards, see the document provided on
the Fluke Networks website at www.flukenetworks.com.
• Headroom: Reports the worst-case margin for a parameter determined by
selected test standard. This may be NEXT, ACR, PSNEXT, or another
measurement.
• Wire Map: Tests for opens, shorts, crossed pairs, reversed wires, and split
pairs.
• NEXT and ELFEXT: Tests twisted pair cable for near-end crosstalk (NEXT)
and equal level far-end crosstalk (ELFEXT).
• Length: Displays the length of twisted pairs in feet or meters.
• Propagation Delay: Measures the times taken for a signal to travel the length
of each cable pair.
• Delay Skew: Calculates the differences in propagation delays between the
cable pairs.
• Impedance: Measures the impedance of each cable pair. If impedance
anomalies are detected, the test reports the largest anomaly detected on each
cable pair.

2-24
 Getting Started
Rotary Switch 2
• Attenuation: Measures the attenuation of each cable pair.
• Resistance: Measures the loop resistance of each cable pair.
• ACR: Calculates the ratio of attenuation to crosstalk for all combinations of
cable pairs.
• RL (Return Loss): Measures signal loss due to signal reflections in the cable.
• PSNEXT (Power Sum NEXT): For each cable pair, PSNEXT is calculated as
the sum of the NEXT from all other pairs.
• PSELFEXT (Power Sum ELFEXT): For each cable pair, PSELFEXT is
calculated using the sum of the FEXT from the other pairs.
• PSACR (Power Sum ACR): For each cable pair, PSACR is calculated using
the sum of the NEXT from the other pairs.
The following tests apply to coaxial cable:
• Impedance: Measures the impedance of the cable.
• Resistance: Measures the loop resistance of the cable, shield, and terminator.
• Length: Measures the length of unterminated cables.
• Anomaly Detection: During a coaxial cable test, the test tool also detects and
reports the position of the largest impedance anomaly (if any are present) on
the cable.

Single Test
The SINGLE TEST mode provides access to the individual tests defined by the
selected test standard, except for the ACR test. This mode also lets you run the
HDTDR and HDTDX analyzer tests. A scanning function, which continuously
repeats the test, is available for the wire map, resistance, HDTDR, and HDTDX
analyzer tests. Single tests are useful for isolating cable faults and quickly
checking repairs.

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Monitor
The MONITOR mode lets you continuously monitor impulse noise on twisted pair
network cables. With the optional DSP-LIA013 link interface adapter, you can
monitor network activity on Ethernet systems. Network activity is monitored for
collisions, jabber, and percentage of system utilization. The traffic adapter also
includes a hub port locator, which helps you determine port connections at a hub,
and a hub port capabilities feature that determines the standards supported by a
port.

Setup
Allows you to do the following:
• Select a test standard and cable type.
• Edit the report identification that appears on saved Autotests.
• Set the cable ID to increment automatically each time you save Autotest
results.
• On DSP-4100 test tools, you can set the test tool to save attenuation, return
loss, NEXT, and FEXT plots as part of Autotest reports when those tests are
required by the selected test standard.
• Set the backlight timer to turn off the backlight after a specified period of
inactivity.
• Set the power-down timer to switch the test tool to a low-power mode after a
specified period of inactivity.
• Select interface parameters for the serial port.
• Set the date and time.
• Select a format for the date and time.
• Select a unit for length measurements.
• Select a format for displaying decimal fractions.
• Select a language for the display and printed reports.

2-26
 Getting Started
Rotary Switch 2
• Select a frequency for the power line noise filter.
• Set the fault threshold for the impulse noise test.
• Enable or disable the test tool’s beeper.
• Modify test standards for custom test configurations.
• Select a remote end configuration when a Fiber Test Adapter is attached.

Print
Allows you to send saved reports or report summaries to a serial printer. You can
print the results from previously stored Autotests. Also lets you edit the report
identification information and select a format for Autotest reports sent directly to a
printer.

Special Functions
Allows you to do the following:
• View or delete test reports saved in memory.
• Change the cable identification assigned to a saved Autotest report.
• Generate a tone to use with an inductive pickup device, such as the Fluke
Networks 140 A-Bug Tone Probe, to identify cable runs.
• Determine the cable NVP to ensure maximum accuracy of length and
resistance results.
• View the status of the NiMH battery in the main unit or remote.
• Check the status of the LIA attached to the main or remote unit.
• Perform a self-calibration on the test tool and remote.
• Run a self-test to verify proper operation of the test tool, link interface adapter,
and remote.
• On a DSP-4100 test tool, you can view the status of the memory card and
format the card.
• View version information for the main and remote units.

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Turning On the Test Tool

To turn on the test tool, turn the rotary switch from OFF to any one of the
available modes. The power-up screen, which appears for about 3 seconds, shows
the software, hardware, and test standards versions for the main and remote units.
(The remote information is shown only if the remote is on and connected to the
main unit.) For a longer look at the power-up screen, hold down any key while
turning the test tool on. Or, select Version Information in the SPECIAL
FUNCTIONS mode.
During this time, the test tool also performs a self-test. If a fault is detected during
the self-test, the following message appears: INTERNAL FAULT
DETECTED. REFER TO MANUAL. For information, see “If the Test Tool
Fails” in Chapter 8.

Selecting a Language for Displays and Reports

The test tool displays results and prints reports in English, German, French,
Spanish, Italian, Japanese, and Portuguese. Korean and Simplified Chinese are
also available for some display messages and for reports printed using
CableManager software.
The test tool displays a language selection screen if a language has not been
selected since the tool left the factory. Afterwards, you can change the language as
follows:
1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.
2. Press $ Page Down to find the language selection.
3. Use D to highlight the currently selected language.
4. Press ! Choice.
5. Use D U to highlight the language you want.
6. Press E to accept the highlighted language. The test tool’s display now
appears in the selected language.

2-28
 Getting Started
Turning On the Test Tool 2
Performing a Self-Test
The self-test verifies that the test tool, link interface adapters, and remote are
operating properly. To run the self-test, proceed as follows:
1. Turn the rotary switch to SPECIAL FUNCTIONS. Turn the remote on.
2. Use D to highlight Self Test.
3. Press E.
4. Use the DSP-4000 Calibration Module to connect the test tool to the remote.
5. Press T to start the self-test.
6. When the self-test is complete, you can either return to the main Special
Functions menu by pressing e or start a new operation by turning the rotary
switch to a new position.
If the self-test fails, refer to “If the Test Tool Fails” in Chapter 8.

Overvoltage Test
The test tool periodically checks for dc voltages on twisted pair cable under test. A
dc voltage means that the test tool is connected to an active telephone cable or
other power source. If voltage is detected, the following message appears:
WARNING! EXCESSIVE VOLTAGE DETECTED AT INPUT.
UNPLUG CABLE NOW!. The remote unit beeps and all LEDs flash
continuously. Voltage on the cable can damage the test tool or cause errors in
measurements. Voltage must be removed before you can run any tests.
Always turn on the test tool before connecting it to a cable. Turning the test tool on
activates the tool’s input protection circuitry.

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Noise Test
The test tool periodically checks for excessive electrical noise on the cable under
test. Noise sources include nearby electrical equipment and transmitters. If
excessive noise is detected, the following message appears: WARNING
Excessive noise detected. Measurement accuracy may
be degraded. To continue the test, press E. If you continue the test and
then save the test results, the test report will include the warning given above.
To stop the test and return to the first screen of the selected test mode, press e.

Configuring the Test Tool

The following sections provide more details about configuring your test tool. You
can configure the test tool in the SETUP mode, or you can use the CableManager
software provided to download SETUP selections from a PC to your test tool.

Controlling the Backlight

To toggle the backlight between its two levels of brightness, press C on the
keypad. You can set the backlight timer to automatically turn off the backlight
after a specified period of inactivity. You can also disable the backlight timer.
To set the backlight timer or disable the timer, proceed as follows:
1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.
2. Press $ Page Down.
3. Use D to highlight the backlight time-out setting.
4. Press ! Choice.
5. Use D U to highlight the desired time-out period or the disable status.
6. Press E to accept the highlighted selection.

2-30
 Getting Started
Configuring the Test Tool 2
When the backlight time-out is enabled, the backlight timer starts counting down
after all tests are complete or after the last key entry or movement of the rotary
switch. To restart the backlight timer while the backlight is on, press any key
(except the backlight key) or turn the rotary switch to a new mode.

Adjusting the Display Contrast

To adjust the display contrast, hold down C for 1 second or longer. The
following message appears: USE D U KEYS TO ADJUST CONTRAST.
Adjust the contrast to the desired level then press E to accept the new level.
The display contrast setting is saved in memory when you turn off the test tool.

Selecting a Power Line Filter Frequency

The test tool has a noise filter to keep ac noise (50 Hz or 60 Hz) from affecting
resistance measurements.
To set the frequency of the noise filter to the frequency of your ac power, proceed
as follows:
1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.
2. Press $ Page Down until you see the power line frequency setting.
3. Use D to highlight the power line frequency.
4. Press ! Choice.
5. Use D U to highlight the frequency you want.
6. Press E to accept the highlighted frequency.

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DSP-4000 Series
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Selecting a Test Standard and Cable Type

The test standard and cable type you select determine which standards are used
and which tests are run during cable testing. The test tool is equipped with
information for all the common test standards and cable types.
Several of the test standards for twisted pair cable are defined for both a channel
and a basic link configuration. The test limits for a channel are looser than those
for a basic link because the channel limits allow for the effects of two connections
at a horizontal cross-connect and a transition connector near the
telecommunications outlet in the work area. Figures 2-4 and 2-5 earlier in this
chapter show the connections involved in a basic link and a channel. Chapter 7
further explains these connections.

Note
The test tool displays a message if you try to run a test not supported by the
attached link interface adapter.
To select a test standard and cable type, proceed as follows:
1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.
2. Press ! Choice. The standards list starts with the last five standards
used. Press $ Page Down to see more standards.
3. Use D U to highlight the test standard you want.
4. Press E to accept the highlighted test standard. The test tool displays a
menu of the cable types valid for the selected test standard.
5. Use D U to select the cable type you want; then press E.
6. If you selected a shielded cable type, the next display lets you enable or
disable the shield test. Use D U to select the setting you want; then press
E.
You can test cables for NEXT, ELFEXT, PSNEXT, ELFEXT, attenuation, and
ACR, and PSACR up to 350 MHz Currently, no standards specify cable
performance beyond 250 MHz, so there are no test limits for these measurements.

2-32
 Getting Started
Configuring the Test Tool 2
Editing the Report Identification
The report identification includes a custom header (your company name, for
example), an operator name, and a site name. These items appear on saved
Autotest reports. You can view and edit this information as follows:
1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.
2. Use D to highlight Edit under Report Identification; then
press E. The REPORT IDENTIFICATION display shows the information
that will appear on the Autotest reports you save.
3. Use D U to highlight the information you want to edit; then press E.
If you are editing an operator or site name, you can press @ New to add a
new name. The New softkey appears only if less than 20 names have been
entered. If 20 names have been entered, you must delete a name before adding
a new name.
To rename or delete an existing operator or site name, press ! Edit,
select the desired name; then press ! Rename or @ Delete.
Changes to names preceded by a "$" appear on printed test reports. You
cannot delete a name that is used on a saved report.
4. To add characters to the name, use the L R and D U keys to highlight
characters in the list, then press E.
To delete the character left of the cursor, press $Delete.
To edit characters in the middle of a name, use ! to move the cursor into
the name.
To move the cursor back to the right-most character, press ! until the
cursor wraps back to the right.
To increment or decrement an alphanumeric character anywhere in the cable
identification, use ! to highlight the desired character; then
press @INC or #DEC.
5. To store the name, press S.

Note
You can use CableManager software to download report
identification information from a PC to the test tool.

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Automatically Incrementing the Cable Identification

The cable identification (cable ID) is the name you assign to the Autotest results
saved for a cable. The test tool’s auto increment and auto sequence functions
increment alphanumeric characters (letters or numbers) in the cable ID each time
you save Autotest results, as follows:
• The auto increment function increments only the last alphanumeric character
in the cable ID.
• The auto sequence function can increment multiple characters. You specify
which characters are incremented by entering a range of cable IDs in SETUP.

Enabling the Auto Increment Function

The test tool’s auto increment function increments only the last alphanumeric
(letter or number) character of the cable identification name each time you save
Autotest results.
To enable or disable the auto increment function, proceed as follows:
1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.
2. Use $ Page Down and D U (if necessary) to highlight the auto
increment setting; then press !Choice.
3. Use D U to highlight the setting you want.
4. Press E to select the highlighted setting.
The last character of the cable ID you enter when you save the next Autotest will
be incremented when you save subsequent Autotests.

2-34
 Getting Started
Configuring the Test Tool 2
Determining a Range of Cable IDs for the Auto Sequence Function
Use the following guidelines when determining a range of cable IDs to use with
the auto sequence function.
• Cable IDs can contain a maximum of 18 letters, numbers, and special
characters (such as -, #, and spaces). Accented characters are not available.
• The types of characters used in each position must match between the range’s
start and end ID. For example, using the letter “O” as the third character in the
start ID and the number “0” as the third character in the end ID generates an
error message.
• The auto sequence function increments letters and numbers starting with the
farthest right character, then moving left. Special characters and matching
characters are not incremented. As an example, the following range of cable
IDs could be assigned for testing the cabling in 2 rooms where each room has
3 cable drops:
Start ID: ROOM A DROP#1
End ID: ROOM B DROP#3
The test tool would name the Autotest results in the following sequence:
ROOM A DROP#1
ROOM A DROP#2
ROOM A DROP#3
ROOM B DROP#1
ROOM B DROP#2
ROOM B DROP#3
If you try to save Autotest results after the last ID was used, the list shown after
you press S shows that all IDs are used by saved reports (used IDs are
preceded by a “$”). Use the Edit or New softkeys to create a new ID. See
Chapter 3 for more information.

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Enabling and Configuring the Auto Sequence Function

1. Determine the range of cable names you want to use for your Autotests. (Refer
to the previous section.)
2. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.
3. Use D to highlight the auto increment setting; then press ! Choice.
4. Use D U to highlight Sequence; then press ! Edit ID Seq.
5. Use ! to select the Start ID or End ID field for editing.
6. To add characters to the ID, use the L R U D keys to highlight a character in
the list, then press E.
Use @ Â and # ³ to move the cursor through the ID.
Use $ Delete to delete characters to the left of the cursor.
7. Press S when you are finished; then press E.
When necessary, you can edit the cable ID when you save an Autotest. See
Chapter 3 for information on saving Autotest results with the auto sequence
function enabled.

Viewing the Auto Sequence and Memory Status

To see the auto sequence configuration (if auto sequence is enabled), the number
of Autotests saved in memory, and the available memory, press the Memory
softkey that appears on several of the Autotest displays.
To see the status of the memory card (DSP-4100 only), select
Memory Card Configuration in the SPECIAL FUNCTIONS mode.

2-36
 Getting Started
Configuring the Test Tool 2
Storing Plot Data with Saved Autotest Results (DSP-4100)
When STORE PLOT DATA is enabled, saved Autotest results include plot data
from tests such as the attenuation and NEXT tests. HDTDX and HDTDR plots are
also saved with the Autotest results. Saving the plot data lets you include plots on
test reports uploaded to a PC and printed with CableManager Software. The DSP-
4100 can save the results of at least 250 Autotests when plot data is included.
More results can be saved if plot data is not included.

Note
Storing plot data with Autotest results reduces the number of results
you can save.
Enable or disable this setting as follows:
1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.
2. Use $ Page Down and D to find and highlight the store plot data
setting.
3. Press ! Choice.
4. Use D U to highlight the desired setting; then press E.

Selecting a Length Unit

The test tool displays length measurements in meters or feet.
To change the unit of measurement, proceed as follows:
1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.
2. Press $ Page Down until you see the length units setting.
3. Press ! Choice.
4. Use D U to highlight the desired unit.
5. Press E to accept the highlighted unit.

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Selecting a Numeric Format

The test tool displays decimal fractions with a decimal point separator (0.00) or a
comma separator (0,00).
To change the numeric format, proceed as follows:
1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.
2. Press $ Page Down until you see the numeric format setting.
3. Use D to highlight the numeric format.
4. Press ! Choice.
5. Use D U to highlight the desired format.
6. Press E to accept the highlighted format.

Setting the Date and Time

The test tool has a clock that records the date and time for saved test results.
To change the date or time or the format for the date or time, proceed as follows:
1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.
2. Press $ Page Down until you see the date and time settings.
3. Use D to highlight the date or time parameter you want to change.
4. Press ! Choice. The display you see next depends on which parameter
you are changing.
If you are changing the date or time, use $ INC or # DEC to
increment or decrement the highlighted number. Use L R to move the
highlighted area from one number to another number.
If you are changing the date or time format, use D U to highlight the format
you want.
5. Press E to accept the highlighted date, time, or format.

2-38
 Getting Started
Configuring the Test Tool 2
Setting the Power-Down Timer
To extend battery life, you can set the power-down timer to automatically switch
the test tool to a low-power mode after a selected period of inactivity. You can
also disable the power-down timer.
When the test tool switches to low-power mode, the display goes blank. To
reactivate the display, press C. The test tool turns itself off if not used for 30
minutes after power-down. When this happens, pressing C turns on the test tool
as though it were turned on with the rotary switch.
To set the power-down timer or enable/disable the timer, proceed as follows:
1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.
2. Press $ Page Down.
3. Use D to highlight the power-down timer status.
4. Press ! Choice.
5. Use D U to highlight the desired time-out period or the enable/disable status.
6. Press E to accept your selection.

Enabling or Disabling the Audible Tones

To enable or disable the test tool’s audible tones, proceed as follows:
1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.
2. Press $ Page Down until you see the audible tone setting.
3. Use D to highlight the audible tone status.
4. Press ! Choice.
5. Use D U to highlight the desired enable or disable status.
6. Press E to accept your selection.

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Remote Lights, Messages, and Audible Tones

The remote indicates various states by flashing light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and
emitting audible tones, as described in Table 2-6.

Table 2-6. Status Indications from the Remote

Status Remote Indications

Power on self-test passed. The unit beeps and all LEDs flash in sequence.
Power on self-test failed. The unit beeps and the fail LED flashes
continuously.
Main unit is running a test. Testing LED is on. Pass and fail LEDs flash as
tests pass or fail.
Previous test passed. Pass LED turns on for 15 seconds.
Previous test failed. Fail LED turns on for 15 seconds.
Talk mode is active. Talk LED turns on.
Battery voltage is low. The unit beeps and the low-battery LED flashes
continuously.
Battery voltage is too low to operate. The unit beeps and the low-battery LED is on
continuously.
Overvoltage condition detected on cable The unit beeps and all LEDs flash continuously.
under test.
Caution
To avoid damage to the remote,
disconnect the cable immediately if
an overvoltage condition occurs.

Remote Communication Error

If the main unit detects a communication problem with the remote, the following
message appears on the main unit: REMOTE communication error.
This message means that the REMOTE data cannot be transmitted to the main
unit, usually because the cable is defective. To verify proper remote operation, run
a self-test as described in the earlier section “Performing a Self-Test.”

2-40
 Getting Started
Battery Status 2
Battery Status
The test tool displays a message when its battery voltage or the remote battery
voltage is low. Table 2-7 shows the battery status messages and what you should
do if a battery message appears.

Note
To ensure continued operation while charging the battery, always
connect the ac adapter/charger when the message WARNING
RECHARGEABLE BATTERY VOLTAGE IS LOW appears.

Table 2-7. Battery Status Messages

Message Displayed What You Should Do

WARNING RECHARGEABLE BATTERY Connect the ac adapter/charger.

VOLTAGE IS LOW.
RECHARGEABLE BATTERY VOLTAGE Turn the test tool off and connect the ac
IS TOO LOW TO OPERATE. adapter/charger. If the tool does not operate
when you turn it on, turn it off again and allow
the battery to charge for about 30 minutes.
WARNING REMOTE BATTERY VOLTAGE Connect the ac adapter/charger to the remote.
IS LOW.
WARNING REMOTE BATTERY Connect the ac adapter/charger to the remote.
VOLTAGE IS TOO LOW TO OPERATE. You might need to charge the battery for a short
time before the remote will operate.
INTERNAL DATA STORAGE BATTERY Have the lithium battery replaced at a Fluke
VOLTAGE IS LOW. Networks Service Center.

Battery Status Display

To see the charge level of the main unit’s NiMH battery, turn the rotary switch to
SPECIAL FUNCTIONS; then select Battery Status. To see the charge
level of the remote’s battery, connect the remote to the main unit; then use ! to
toggle the display.

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

2-42
 Chapter 3
Autotest

Chapter 3 provides the following information:

• Instructions and test result descriptions for an Autotest on twisted pair cable.
• Instructions and test result descriptions for an Autotest on coaxial cable.
• Instructions for saving Autotest results.

Autotest Softkeys
Note
New features may be available with software upgrades. Visit the
Fluke Networks website at www.flukenetworks.com or contact your
Fluke Networks representative for information on upgrades.
The following softkey functions are active on various Autotest screens.
! or @ View Result: ! shows the results of the last Autotest run.
@ shows detailed test results regarding the highlighted cable pair or pairs.
# View Plot: Press to see a frequency response plot of the test results. Plot
data is available for the NEXT, ELFEXT, attenuation, ACR, RL, PSNEXT,
PSELFEXT, and PSACR tests.
@ Next Pair, @ Next Pairs: Press to see the detailed results or
the plot for the next cable pair or pairs tested.
$ or @ Memory: Press to see the number of Autotests stored and the
number of remaining memory location. If auto sequence is enabled, the display
also shows the cable ID range, the total number of IDs, and the number of IDs
available.

3-1
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Autotest on Twisted Pair Cable

The procedures for an Autotest on shielded and unshielded twisted pair cable are
the same. The test tool tests shield continuity if shielded cable was selected and the
shield test enabled when the cable type was selected in SETUP.
To run the Autotest on twisted pair cable, refer to Figure 3-1 or 3-2 and proceed as
follows:
1. Attach the appropriate link interface adapters to the main and remote units.
Refer to the table in the appendix.
2. Turn on the remote.
3. Connect the remote to the far end of the cable link. For channel testing,
connect using the network equipment patch cord.
4. Turn the rotary switch on the main unit to AUTOTEST.
5. Verify that the settings displayed are correct. You can change these settings in
the SETUP mode.
6. Connect the main unit to the near end of the cable link. For channel testing,
connect using the network equipment patch cord.
7. Press T to start the Autotest.

Notes
Pressing T when the previous Autotest was not saved causes
the test tool to display a warning message. In this case, you can
either save the results of the previous test by pressing S or
delete the results and start a new Autotest by pressing T.
If a remote is not connected, the test tool displays the message
SCANNING FOR SMART REMOTE and does not run the
Autotest until a remote is connected.
If the calibration message appears, refer to “Calibrating the Test
Tool” in Chapter 6 for complete calibration instructions.

3-2
 Autotest
Autotest on Twisted Pair Cable 3
Telecommunications Work Area
closet

Horizontal
cross-connect

Transition
outlet Wall
outlet

Horizontal
cabling

PC
Test equipment
cord
Hub
Test equipment
cord Basic Link LIA

Basic Link LIA

TALK

Smart
Remote
Test Tool

oy68f.eps
Figure 3-1. Typical Test Connections for a Basic Link

3-3
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Telecommunications Work Area

closet

Horizontal
cross-connect

Transition
outlet Wall
outlet

Horizontal
cabling

PC
Patch cord
Patch cord from PC
Hub from hub

Channel LIA

Channel LIA

TALK

Smart
Remote
Test Tool

oy03f.eps
Figure 3-2. Typical Test Connections for a Channel

3-4
 Autotest
Link Performance Grade Result (Headroom) 3
Link Performance Grade Result (Headroom)
When an Autotest is complete, the display shows the overall result (pass or fail)
and the headroom value. Headroom may be taken from NEXT, ACR, PSNEXT, or
another critical parameter required by the selected standard. Headroom is the
smallest difference found between a measurement and its limit. This number
serves as a figure of merit that reflects the overall performance of the link. Larger
headroom values correspond to better cable performance.
To pass or fail a cable based on a minimum headroom value, enter the minimum
value as part of a custom test standard (see Chapter 6).

Worst Margin and Worst Value Results

Worst margin and worst value results are shown for frequency-dependent tests
such as NEXT, RL, ELFEXT, and ACR. Worst margin results are measurements
that came closest to the limit, or that exceeded the limit by the greatest amount.
Worst value results are the lowest measurements found, which may not necessarily
come closest to the limit.
Worst margin results for attenuation are not required by any test standard and are
not reported.

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Automatic Diagnostics
If an Autotest fails, you can press F to see more specific information on the
cause of the failure. Figure 3-3 shows examples of automatic diagnostics displays
for a NEXT failure and an open pin failure.
The arrow in the diagram at the top of the display shows the location of the failure.
The bottom half of the display describes the failure and suggests ways to fix the
fault. When appropriate, softkeys let you see the plot or plots relevant to the
failure. If more than one fault was found, you can use the $ Next Fault
and # Prev Fault softkeys to scroll through the diagnostics displays.
See Chapter 4 for information on the HDTDR and HDTDX plots.

oy09c.bmp
Figure 3-3. Examples of Automatic Diagnostics Displays

3-6
 Autotest
Autotest Results for Twisted Pair Cable 3
Autotest Results for Twisted Pair Cable
To see detailed results from a test, press ! View Result, use D U to
highlight the test on the main Autotest menu; then press E.
Note
The tests run during an Autotest on twisted pair cable depend on the
test standard selected. Tests not applicable to the selected test
standard are not run or displayed. For a list of the tests and limits
associated with common test standards, visit the Fluke Networks
website at www.flukenetworks.com.

Wire Map Test

The wire map test tests and displays the wire connections between the near and far
ends of the cable on all four pairs. Shield continuity is also tested if a shielded
cable was selected and the shield test enabled when the test standard was selected.
The pairs tested are those defined by the selected test standard. Table 3-1 shows
examples of wire map displays.
If the wire map test passes, the Autotest continues. You can view the wire map test
results when the Autotest is complete. If the wire map test fails, the Autotest halts
and the wire map screen appears with the word FAIL. You can then save the wire
map results by pressing S. To continue the Autotest, press $ Continue
Test.
Table 3-1. Wire Map Displays

Wire Map Display Description

Condition

Correct wiring Cable wiring is correct. Shield (S) shown

only if required by selected test
standard.

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Table 3-1. Wire Map Displays (continued)

Display
Wire Map (only affected pairs shown) Description
Condition

Crossed wires A wire in the 1,2 pair is crossed with

a wire in the 3,6 pair. Wiring does not
form a recognizable circuit.

Reversed pairs Wires 1 and 2 are crossed.

Crossed pairs Pairs 1,2 and 3,6 are crossed.

Short Wires 1 and 3 are shorted. You can

use the HDTDR test to locate the
short.

Open Wire 1 is open near the main unit.

You can use the HDTDR test to
locate the open.

Split pair A wire in the 4,5 pair is twisted with a

wire in the 3,6 pair. You can use the
HDTDX analyzer to locate the split
pair.

3-8
 Autotest
Autotest Results for Twisted Pair Cable 3
Resistance
The resistance test measures the dc loop resistance for each cable pair. The
resistance results screen displays the resistance, limit, and pass/fail result for each
cable pair. A PASS result means that the measured resistance is less than the
limit. A FAIL result means that the measured resistance exceeds the limit.

Length
The length test measures the length of each cable pair tested. The main Autotest
results screen shows the length of the cable pair having the shortest electrical
delay. The length results screen displays the length, limit, and pass/fail result for
each cable pair. Length is displayed in meters or feet. You can change the length
units in the SETUP mode, as described in “Selecting a Length Unit” in Chapter 2.

Notes
A 2 to 5 percent difference in measured length between twisted pairs
is typical. This difference is due to differences in the number of twists
in the cable pairs.
Differences between measured and actual values of cable length can
be caused by variations in the cable’s NVP value. NVP values can
vary among cable types, lots, and manufacturers. To ensure
maximum accuracy of length measurements, perform an NVP
calibration as described in Chapter 6.
A PASS result means that the measured length is within the specified limit for the
selected test standard. A FAIL result means that the measured length exceeds the
limit.

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Propagation Delay and Delay Skew

Propagation delays are the times taken in nanoseconds for a test pulse to travel the
length of each cable pair.
Delay skews are the differences in propagation delays between the shortest delay,
which is displayed as 0 ns, and the delays of the other cable pairs.
The propagation delay and delay skew results show a limit if the test is required by
the selected test standard. If the test is not required, the results always show
PASS.

Characteristic Impedance
The characteristic impedance test determines the approximate characteristic
impedance of each cable pair.

Note
Impedance measurements require a cable at least 5 m (16 ft) long.
Cables shorter than this length will always pass the impedance test.
A PASS result means that the measured impedance is within the specified limit
for the selected test standard. A FAIL result means that the measured impedance
exceeds the specified limit, or an impedance anomaly is detected.
A Warning result means that the measured impedance exceeds test limits, or an
anomaly is detected, but the characteristic impedance test is not required by the
selected test standard. The warning result causes a warning to appear as the test
summary result in printed reports.
The test tool reports an anomaly if 15 % or more of the test signal is reflected.
Press F to see where the anomaly was detected. The HDTDR test results show
both the location and size of the anomaly.

3-10
 Autotest
Autotest Results for Twisted Pair Cable 3
Attenuation (Insertion Loss)
Note
An incorrect temperature setting can cause false attenuation results.
You can change the temperature setting in the SETUP mode, as
described in “Configuring the Test Tool” in Chapter 2.
The attenuation test measures the loss of signal strength over the length of the
cable.
The first attenuation results screen shows the cable pairs tested, the worst-case
attenuation margin found, and a PASS or FAIL result for each pair.
To see detailed results for the cable pairs, use D U to highlight a cable pair, then
press @ View Result. Table 3-2 describes the items on the attenuation
results screen.

Table 3-2. Items on the Attenuation Results Screen

Item Description

Pair The cable pair relevant to the results.

Result The overall result for the test. A PASS result means that measured
attenuation is lower than the specified limit for the selected test standard. A
FAIL result means that the measured attenuation is higher than the
specified limit.
Attenuation If the test passed, this value is the highest measured attenuation. If the test
failed, this value is the highest measured attenuation that exceeds the test
limits.

Frequency If the test passed, this frequency is where the highest measured attenuation
occurred. If the test failed, this is where the highest failing value of
attenuation occurred.

Limit The highest attenuation value acceptable at the frequency shown. This
value is based on the maximum allowable cable length.

Margin The difference between the worst-case attenuation and the limit. A positive
number means that the measured attenuation value is lower than the limit.
A negative number means that the attenuation is higher than the limit.

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DSP-4000 Series
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Pressing # View Plot produces the attenuation plot screen. Figure 3-4
describes an example of the screen.

6
5 2

oy10c.eps

1 The cable pair relevant to the plot.

2 Frequency range in MHz. Use U D to switch between frequency scales. To switch to the
next lowest or highest range, use L R to move the cursor beyond the left or right side of
the plot.

3 The attenuation level, frequency, and margin at the cursor’s position. Margin is the
difference between the limit and the measured value. If you move the cursor beyond the
highest test frequency specified by the selected test standard, the readout shows the
attenuation value at the cursor’s position.

4 The measured attenuation for the cable pair.

5 The attenuation limits, as defined by the selected test standard. A crosshair is shown if the
limit is defined for only one frequency.

6 Decibels of attenuation.

Figure 3-4. The Attenuation Plot Screen

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 Autotest
Autotest Results for Twisted Pair Cable 3
NEXT Test
The NEXT test measures the crosstalk between cable pairs at the near end of the
cable. This crosstalk value is expressed as the difference in amplitude (in dB)
between the test signal and the crosstalk signal. NEXT is measured from both ends
of the cable over a frequency range defined by the selected test standard.
The first NEXT screen displays the cable pairs tested, the worst-case NEXT
margin, and the test result for each set of pairs.
To see detailed results for the cable pairs, use D U to highlight the pairs; then
press @ View Result. Table 3-4 describes the items on the NEXT results
screen.

Table 3-3. Items on the NEXT Results Screen

Item Description

Pairs The cable pairs relevant to the results.

Result The overall result for the NEXT test. A PASS result indicates that the NEXT
between the cable pairs was higher than the specified NEXT for the selected
test standard. A FAIL result indicates that the NEXT was lower than
specifications.

NEXT The worst margin and worst NEXT. The worst margin is the NEXT value that is
closest to falling below specifications, or the value that exceeds specifications
by the greatest amount. The worst NEXT is the lowest NEXT value measured.

Frequency The frequencies where the worst margin and worst NEXT values occurred.

Limit The lowest NEXT values acceptable for the frequencies above.

Margin The differences between the NEXT values and the limits. A positive number
means that the measured NEXT value is higher than the limit (PASS). A
negative number means that the NEXT is lower than the limit (FAIL).

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DSP-4000 Series
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Pressing # View Plot produces the NEXT plot screen. Figure 3-5
describes an example of the screen.

1
6

5 2

4
3

oy11c.eps

1 The cable pairs relevant to the plot.

2 Frequency range in MHz. Use U D to switch between scales. To switch to the next lowest
or highest range, use L R to move the cursor beyond the left or right side of the plot.

3 The NEXT level, frequency, and margin at the cursor’s position. The cursor aligns to the
frequency that produced the worst margin. Margin is the difference between the limit and
measured values plotted at the cursor’s position. If you move the cursor beyond the highest
test frequency specified by the selected test standard, the readout shows the NEXT value
at the cursor’s position.

4 The limits for NEXT, as defined by the selected test standard. A crosshair is shown if the
limit is defined for only one frequency.

5 Decibels of crosstalk attenuation (NEXT) between the cable pairs.

6 The measured NEXT for the cable pairs.

Figure 3-5. The NEXT Plot Screen

3-14
 Autotest
Autotest Results for Twisted Pair Cable 3
NEXT@REMOTE
The NEXT@REMOTE test and its results are identical to the NEXT test described
above, except that the NEXT@REMOTE measurements are taken from the remote
end of the cable.

ELFEXT Test
The ELFEXT (equal level far-end crosstalk) test calculates the ratio of FEXT to
attenuation for each cable pair. To determine ELFEXT, the main unit first
measures FEXT by generating a signal at the far end of the cable and measuring
the resulting crosstalk at the near end of the cable. ELFEXT is calculated as the
difference (in dB) between the measured FEXT and attenuation values. If the
ELFEXT test fails, you can use the F key to locate sources of crosstalk on the
cable.
Because ELFEXT values from either end of a cable are virtually identical, a
ELFEXT@REMOTE test is not required. (See Chapter 7 for more information.)
The first ELFEXT screen displays the cable pairs tested, the worst-case ELFEXT
margin, and the test result for each set of pairs.
To see detailed results for the cable pairs, use D U to highlight the pairs; then
press @ View Result. Table 3-6 describes the items on the ELFEXT
results screen.

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Table 3-4. Items on the ELFEXT Results Screen

Item Description

Pairs The pairs used in calculating the ELFEXT result. The pair not listed as the
Atten. Pair produced the FEXT used in the ELFEXT calculation

Atten. The pair that produced the attenuation value used in the ELFEXT calculation.
Pair

Result The overall result for the ELFEXT test. A PASS result means that the
calculated ELFEXT is higher than the value specified for the selected test
standard. A FAIL result means that the calculated ELFEXT is lower than the
specified value.

ELFEXT The worst margin and worst ELFEXT. The worst margin is the ELFEXT value
(dB) that is closest to falling below specifications, or the value that exceeds
specifications by the greatest amount. The worst ELFEXT is the lowest
ELFEXT value measured.

Frequency The frequencies where the worst margin and worst ELFEXT values occurred.

Limit The lowest ELFEXT values acceptable for the frequencies above.

Margin The difference between the ELFEXT values and the limits. A positive number
means that the ELFEXT is higher than the limit. A negative number means that
the ELFEXT is lower than the limit.

3-16
 Autotest
Autotest Results for Twisted Pair Cable 3
Pressing # View Plot produces the ELFEXT plot screen. Figure 3-6
describes an example of the screen.

1
6

5 2

oy76c.eps

1 The cable pairs relevant to the plot.

2 Frequency range in MHz. Use U D to switch between scales. To switch to the next lowest
or highest range, use L R to move the cursor beyond the left or right side of the plot.

3 The ELFEXT level, frequency, and margin at the cursor’s position. The cursor aligns to the
frequency that produced the worst margin. Margin is the difference between the limit and
measured values plotted at the cursor’s position. If you move the cursor beyond the highest
test frequency specified by the selected test standard, the readout shows the ELFEXT
value at the cursor’s position.

4 The limits for ELFEXT, as defined by the selected test standard. A crosshair is shown if the
limit is defined for only one frequency.

5 Decibels of ELFEXT for the cable pairs.

6 The calculated ELFEXT for the cable pairs.

Figure 3-6. The ELFEXT Plot Screen

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DSP-4000 Series
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ACR
The ACR test calculates the ratio of attenuation to crosstalk (ACR) for each
combination of cable pairs. ACR is expressed as the difference (in dB) between
the measured NEXT and attenuation values. ACR is calculated using values
obtained from the NEXT and attenuation tests.
The first ACR results screen shows the NEXT pairs and attenuation pair used to
calculate the ACR result, the worst-case ACR margin, and a PASS or FAIL
result for each set of pairs.
To see detailed results for the cable pairs, use D U to highlight the pairs; then
press @ View Result. Table 3-8 describes the items on the ACR results
screen.

Table 3-5. Items on the ACR Results Screen

Item Description

Pairs The pairs used in calculating the ACR result. The pair not listed as the Atten.
Pair produced the NEXT used in the ACR calculation.

Atten. The pair that produced the attenuation value used in calculating the ACR result.
Pair

Result The overall result for the ACR test. A PASS result means that the calculated
ACR is higher than the value specified for the selected test standard. A FAIL
result means that the calculated ACR is lower than the specified value.

ACR (dB) The worst margin and worst ACR. The worst margin is the ACR value that is
closest to falling below specifications, or the value that exceeds specifications
by the greatest amount. The worst ACR is the lowest ACR value measured.

Frequency The frequencies for the worst margin and worst ACR values.

Limit The lowest ACR values acceptable for the frequencies above.

Margin The differences between the ACR values and the limits. A positive number
means that the worst-case ACR is higher than the limit. A negative number
means that the worst-case ACR is lower than the limit.

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 Autotest
Autotest Results for Twisted Pair Cable 3
Pressing # View Plot produces the ACR plot screen. Figure 3-7 describes
an example of the screen.

1
6

2
5
4
3

oy12c.eps

1 The cable pairs relevant to the plot.

2 Frequency range in MHz of the ACR test. Use U D to change the frequency scale.

3 The ACR level, frequency, and margin at the cursor’s position. The cursor aligns to the
frequency that produced the worst margin. Margin is the difference between the limit and
measured values plotted at the cursor’s position. Use L R to move the cursor left or right.
If you move the cursor beyond the highest test frequency specified by the selected test
standard, the readout shows the ACR value at the cursor’s position.

4 The ACR limits, as defined by the selected test standard.

5 Decibels of ACR for the cable pair.

6 The calculated ACR for the cable pairs.

Figure 3-7. The ACR Plot Screen

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DSP-4000 Series
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ACR@REMOTE
The ACR@REMOTE test is identical to the ACR test, except that the ACR values
are calculated using NEXT@REMOTE values.

Return Loss (RL)

The RL test measures the difference between a test signal’s amplitude and the
amplitude of signal reflections returned by the cable. The results of the RL test
indicate how well the cable’s characteristic impedance matches its rated
impedance over a range of frequencies.
The first RL results screen shows the cable pairs tested, the worst-case RL margin,
and a PASS or FAIL result for each pair. To see detailed results for the cable
pairs, use D U to highlight a pair; then press @ View Result. Table 3-10
describes the items on the RL results screen.

Table 3-6. Items on the RL Results Screen

Item Description

Pair The cable pair relevant to the results.

Result The overall result for the RL test. A PASS result means that the measured RL
is lower than the specified limit for the selected test standard. A FAIL result
means that the measured RL is higher than specified limit.

RL The worst margin and worst RL. The worst margin is the RL value that is
closest to falling below specifications, or the value that exceeds specifications
by the greatest amount. The worst RL is the lowest RL value measured.

Frequency The frequencies where the worst margin and worst RL values occurred.

Limit The lowest acceptable RL values for the frequencies above.

Margin The differences between the RL values and the limits. A positive number
means that the worst-case RL is better than the limit. A negative number
means that the worst-case RL exceeds the limit.

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 Autotest
Autotest Results for Twisted Pair Cable 3
Pressing # View Plot produces the RL plot screen. Figure 3-8 describes an
example of the screen.

1
6

5 2

4
3

oy13c.eps

1 The cable pair relevant to the plot.

2 Frequency range in MHz of the RL test. Use U D to change the frequency scale.

3 The RL level, frequency, and margin at the cursor’s position. The cursor aligns to the
frequency that produced the worst margin. Margin is the difference between the limit and
measured values plotted at the cursor’s position. Use L R to move the cursor left or right. If
you move the cursor beyond the highest test frequency specified by the selected test
standard, the readout shows the RL value at the cursor’s position.

4 The limits for RL, as defined by the selected test standard.

5 Decibels of RL for the cable pair.

6 The measured RL for the cable pair.

Figure 3-8. The RL Plot Screen

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DSP-4000 Series
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RL@REMOTE
The RL@REMOTE test is identical to the RL test, except that the RL values are
measured from the remote end of the cable.

PSNEXT (Power Sum NEXT) and PSNEXT@REMOTE

The PSNEXT results show how much each cable pair is affected by the combined
NEXT from the other pairs. PSNEXT is expressed as the difference in amplitude
(in dB) between the crosstalk received on a cable pair and a test signal transmitted
on the other pairs.
PSNEXT is calculated from NEXT values. PSNEXT@REMOTE is calculated
from NEXT@REMOTE values. The descriptions of the results are the same as for
NEXT results, except that they show the sum effect of NEXT on a cable pair.

PSELFEXT (Power Sum ELFEXT)

The PSELFEXT results show how much each cable pair is affected by the
combined FEXT from the other pairs. To calculate PSELFEXT for a cable pair,
the test tool subtracts the pair’s attenuation from the combined FEXT of the other
pairs. The descriptions of the results are the same as for ELFEXT results, except
that they show the sum effect of FEXT on a cable pair.

PSACR (Power Sum ACR) and PSACR@REMOTE

PSACR results show the ratio of each wire pair’s attenuation to the combined
crosstalk received from the other pairs. The test tool calculates PSACR values by
subtracting a pair’s attenuation from its PSNEXT value. PSACR@REMOTE
values are calculated using PSNEXT@REMOTE values.

Autotest on Coaxial Cable

To run an Autotest on coaxial cable, refer to Figure 3-9 and proceed as follows:

3-22
 Autotest
Autotest on Coaxial Cable 3
PC

PC
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

PC

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

For Length Test,

remove far-end
Terminator

Channel LIA

BNC “T”
Connector

DSP-4000 CABLE ANALYZER

1 2 3 4

EXIT

FAULT TALK
INFO

TEST ENTER SAVE

MONITOR
SINGLE
SETUP

Test Tool TEST

AUTO
TEST
PRINT

SPECIAL
OFF FUNCTIONS

oy04f.eps
Figure 3-9. Autotest Connections for Coaxial Cable

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

1. Attach a channel link interface adapter to the main unit.

2. Turn off any PC nodes connected to the cable you are testing.
3. If you want the Autotest to report cable length, remove the terminator from the
far end of the cable.
4. Turn the rotary switch to AUTOTEST.
5. Verify that the test standard and cable type displayed are correct. You can
change these settings in the SETUP mode.
6. Remove the terminator from the near end of the coaxial cable. Use the RJ45 to
coaxial adapter to connect the test tool to the cable.
7. Press T to start the Autotest.

Autotest Results for Coaxial Cable

An Autotest on coaxial cable performs the following tests:

Characteristic Impedance
Note
Impedance measurements require a cable at least 5 m (16 ft) long.
Terminated cables shorter than this length will always pass the
impedance test. Unterminated cables shorter than this length will
always fail the impedance test.
The characteristic impedance test determines the approximate characteristic
impedance for the cable. A PASS result means that the impedance is within the
limit specified by the selected test standard. A FAIL result means that the
impedance exceeds the limit. You can use the HDTDR test to plot the locations
and sizes of all impedance anomalies on the cable.

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 Autotest
Autotest Results for Coaxial Cable 3
Resistance
The resistance test measures the loop resistance of the cable and the terminator. If
a terminator is not connected or if the cable is open, the resistance value is
reported as OPEN. If the cable or the terminator is shorted, the resistance value is
reported as near 0 Ω. Resistance values over 400 Ω are reported as OPEN.

Length
Note
Because a cable terminator eliminates signal reflections in coaxial
cable, the test tool cannot measure the length of a terminated coaxial
cable.
The length test measures the length of the cable when a terminator is not
connected. If a terminator is connected, the result of the length test is reported as
NO REFLECTION.
A PASS result means that the measured length is within the limit specified by the
selected test standard. A FAIL result means that the measured length exceeds the
limit.

Notes
Differences between measured and actual values of cable length can
be caused by variations in the cable’s NVP value. NVP values can
vary among cable types, lots, and manufacturers. To ensure
maximum accuracy of length measurements, perform an NVP
calibration as described in Chapter 6.

Anomaly
This result is shown at the bottom of the screen only if an impedance anomaly is
detected. The test tool reports an anomaly if 10% or more of the test signal is
reflected. The result shows the distance to the largest anomaly detected.

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DSP-4000 Series
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Saving Autotest Results

A DSP-4000 test tool can store the results of 500 or more Autotests, depending on
the test standard used. Results are stored in text-only format.
A DSP-4100 with STORE PLOT DATA enabled can store at least 250 Autotests
in graphical format on a 16 MB multimedia card, depending on the standard used.
More Autotests can be saved if plot data is not included. If STORE PLOT DATA
is enabled, the saved Autotest results include plots from tests such as the
attenuation and NEXT tests. HDTDR and HDTDX plots are also saved. Saving the
plot data lets you include plots on reports uploaded to a PC and printed with
CableManager Software. More tests can be stored if plot data is not saved with the
Autotest results.
You can save the results from an Autotest anytime after the Autotest is complete,
but before another Autotest or a Single Test is started.
A cable identification (cable ID) is assigned to each Autotest you save. The screen
you use for entering a cable ID depends on whether the auto sequence function is
disabled or enabled in SETUP.

Saving Results with Auto Sequence Disabled

1. If you want to check or edit the custom header, operator name, or site name to
be saved with your results, turn the rotary switch to SETUP; then select
REPORT IDENTIFICATION. See "Editing the Report Identification" in
Chapter 2 for details.
2. After an Autotest is complete, press S. The test save screen appears, as
shown in Figure 3-10.
3. Use the appropriate editing keys to enter a cable identification name for the
test results you are saving. Refer to Figure 3-10.
4. Press S to store the test results with the cable identification displayed. A
confirmation screen appears for about 2 seconds.

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 Autotest
Saving Autotest Results 3
A warning screen appears if you try to save a test report with the same name as a
previously saved report. On a DSP-4000 test tool, pressing S saves the new
report with the duplicate name, but with the current date and time. The DSP-4100
test tool does not let you save reports with duplicate IDs. On either test tool,
pressing $ Edit I.D. or e lets you change the report’s name.

2
3 4
5 7

6
oy15c.eps

A The characters you can use to make a name for the test results you are saving. To add
characters to the name, use the L R and D U keys to highlight characters in the list,
then press E.

B The date and time when the Autotest was completed.

C The default name assigned to the results from the most recently completed test.

D The remaining number of locations available for storing Autotest results.

E Softkey for moving the cursor to edit characters in the middle of the cable identification. To
move the cursor back to the right, press ! until the cursor wraps around.

F Softkeys for incrementing or decrementing an alphanumeric character highlighted in the

cable identification.

G Softkey for deleting the character left of the highlighted character in the cable name.

Figure 3-10. Saving Autotest Results (Auto Increment and Auto Sequence Disabled)

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DSP-4000 Series
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Saving Results with Auto Sequence Enabled

The following steps assume you have already enabled the auto sequence function
and entered a start ID and end ID, which define the range of cable IDs available.
See “Automatically Incrementing the Cable Identification” in Chapter 2 for details.
1. If you want to check or edit the custom header, operator name, or site name to
be saved with your results, turn the rotary switch to SETUP; then select
REPORT IDENTIFICATION. See “Editing the Report Identification” in
Chapter 2 for details.
2. After an Autotest is complete, press S. A list of cable IDs is shown. The
list includes the cable IDs for all saved Autotest results. IDs used for
previously-saved results are marked with a “$”. Unused IDs are listed after
used IDs. The timestamp that will be saved with the Autotest is shown below
the highlighted ID.
3. Choose a cable ID as follows:
• To save the Autotest results with the next unused ID in the sequence, press
S.
• To save the results with an unused ID out of sequence, use D to select an
unused ID; then press S.
• To edit a used or unused cable ID, use D U to highlight the ID; then
press ! Edit. Use the alphanumeric display to edit the ID (refer to the
softkey descriptions in Figure 3-10); then press S. The original ID
remains in the list.
• To create a new ID, press @ New. Use the alphanumeric display to edit
the ID (refer to the softkey descriptions in Figure 3-10); then press S.

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 Autotest
Saving Autotest Results 3
If you try to save an Autotest after the last ID in the range has been used, the list of
saved reports shows that no IDs are available (all are marked with a “$”). To save
additional results, set up a new range of IDs in SETUP, or use the ! Edit or
@ New softkey as described above to create a new ID for each additional
Autotest.

Changing the Cable ID for a Saved Autotest Report

You can change the cable identification assigned to a saved Autotest report as
follows:
1. Turn the rotary switch to SPECIAL FUNCTIONS.
2. Select View/Delete Test Reports.
3. Use D U to highlight the desired report. Press @ View Result, then
press ! View Result.
4. Press @ Rename Report. Use the editing softkeys to edit the cable
identification (refer to the softkey descriptions in Figure 3-10).
5. Press S.

If Memory is Full
If the Autotest results you save fill the last available memory location, the
following message appears: WARNING! TEST RESULT MEMORY IS
NOW FULL. If you try to save additional test results after the memory has been
filled, the following message appears: UNABLE TO SAVE TEST
RESULTS. MEMORY IS FULL.
To save additional test results, you must delete one or more test reports from
memory (in SPECIAL FUNCTIONS mode) or, for a DSP-4100 test tool, put a
new multimedia card in the test tool. To transfer test reports to a PC, use the
CableManager software included with your test tool. See the CableManager
Appendix for details.
You can see how many memory spaces are available by pressing the
Memory softkey, which appears on several Autotest displays.

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DSP-4000 Series
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The Autotest Report

With CableManager software you can upload reports to a PC for viewing and
printing. The CableManager appendix in this manual shows examples of complete
Autotest reports for twisted pair cable.
You can send Autotest reports directly to a serial printer or edit the report’s
identification information in the PRINT mode. See Chapter 5, “Viewing and
Printing Saved Reports,” for complete instructions.
The overall result printed on a report can be a pass or fail, or warning. A failure of
any test required by the selected test standard produces a fail result on the report
summary. If required by the selected standard, a warning appears on reports for
twisted pair cable if a length, impedance, propagation delay, or delay skew test
produced a warning. The warning means that the measurement exceeds its limit,
but the test standard does not fail the cable based on that measurement.

3-30
 Chapter 4
Running Individual Tests

Chapter 4 provides the following information:

• Instructions for running Single Tests on twisted pair cable.
• Descriptions of the test results produced by the HDTDX analyzer and
HDTDR test.
• Instructions for running Single Tests on coaxial cable.
• Instructions for using the tests available in the MONITOR mode.
• Instructions for using the tone generator.

Single Tests for Twisted Pair Cable

The SINGLE TEST mode on the rotary switch allows individual execution of the
tests available in the Autotest mode, except the ACR and ELFEXT tests. SINGLE
TEST mode features two additional tests: the HDTDX (High-Definition Time
Domain Crosstalk) analyzer and the HDTDR (High-Definition Time Domain
Reflectometry) test.
Single tests help you isolate cable failures and quickly determine if repairs are
good. To certify a cable installation, you should run an Autotest with the
appropriate test standard.

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Scanning Function
The Single Test versions of the wire map, resistance, HDTDR, and HDTDX
analyzer tests include a scanning function, which you can activate by pressing the
# Scanning ON softkey. The scanning function runs the test repeatedly and
updates the display each time a test is complete. This function is useful for finding
intermittent problems on a cable.

Note
To extend battery life, connect the ac adapter/charger when using
the scanning function for more than 1 minute.

When to Use a Remote Unit

A remote unit is required only when testing twisted pair cable. Table 4-1 shows
which cable tests require a remote and which remotes support each test.
If a remote unit is detected at the start of a Single Test, the test tool runs a wire
map test before running the selected test. If the wire map test fails, the test tool
stops the test and displays the wire map. Press $ Continue Test to run
the selected test.

Note
The DSP-4100 test tool is compatible only with DSP-4100SR units.
The DSP-4100SR unit is not compatible with the DSP-100,
DSP-2000, or DSP-4000 test tools.

4-2
 Running Individual Tests
When to Use a Remote Unit 4
Table 4-1. Remote Requirements for Cable Tests

Test Remote Unit

Autotest Required.
Wire Map Required.
NEXT, Recommended for NEXT; required for NEXT@REMOTE.
NEXT@REMOTE
ELFEXT Required. Test available only in Autotest mode.
Length Optional. Without a remote, the limit and pass/fail result are not
shown.
Impedance Optional.
Attenuation Required.
Resistance Optional. Without a remote, the resistance of cable pairs is reported
as “open”, assuming the cable pair is not shorted.
RL, RL@REMOTE Recommended for RL; required for RL@REMOTE.
ACR, Required. Tests available only in Autotest mode.
ACR@REMOTE
PSACR,
PSACR@REMOTE
PSNEXT, Recommended for PSNEXT; required for PSNEXT@REMOTE.
PSNEXT@REMOTE
PSELFEXT Required. Test is available only in Autotest mode.
HDTDR Optional. Without a remote, the end of the cable is not identified.
HDTDX Analyzer Recommended. Without a remote, results from tests on short cables
may be unreliable.
Impulse Noise Recommended. Without a remote, test results may not represent the
level of noise present on a terminated cable.
Coaxial tests Never used.
Traffic Monitor Never used.

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Running a Single Test on Twisted Pair Cable

To run a test as a Single Test, refer to Figure 4-1 and proceed as follows:

Note
For instructions on running the HDTDR test or HDTDX analyzer,
see the later sections on those topics in this chapter.
1. Attach the appropriate link interface adapters to the main and remote units.
Refer to the table in the Appendix.
2. Turn on the remote unit.
3. Connect the remote to the far end of the cable link. For channel testing,
connect using the network equipment patch cord.
4. Turn the rotary switch on the main unit to SINGLE TEST.
5. Connect the test tool to the near end of the cable link. For channel testing,
connect using the network equipment patch cord.
6. Use U D to highlight the test you want to run.
7. Press E to start the highlighted test.

Note
If a remote is required for the test, but is not connected, the test tool
displays the message SCANNING FOR SMART REMOTE and
does not run the test until a remote is connected.
If the calibration message appears, refer to “Calibrating the Test
Tool” in Chapter 6 for complete calibration instructions.

4-4
 Running Individual Tests
Running a Single Test on Twisted Pair Cable 4
Telecommunications Work Area
closet

Horizontal
cross-connect

Transition
outlet Wall
outlet

Horizontal
cabling

PC
Patch cord
Patch cord from PC
Hub from hub

Channel LIA

Channel LIA

TALK

Smart
Remote
Test Tool

oy08f.eps
Figure 4-1. Single Test Connections for Twisted Pair Cable (Channel Connections Shown)

4-5
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

The HDTDX Analyzer

The HDTDX (High-Definition Time Domain Crosstalk) analyzer displays the
locations where crosstalk occurs on the cable under test. The HDTDX test uses
very short (2 ns) test pulses, which help the test tool resolve smaller crosstalk
problems, resulting in more accurate distance-to-fault measurements and better
definition of faults on plots. The test is run from both ends of the cable to help you
identify crosstalk sources across the entire link length. You can view the test
results in a list or plot format. The list format shows the largest crosstalk value
detected on the cable. The plot shows all of the crosstalk detected.
The crosstalk values displayed are adjusted to compensate for cable attenuation.
The values represent the approximate levels of crosstalk as they appear at the
sources of the crosstalk. A level over 50 represents a crosstalk magnitude that
exceeds the limit specified by the selected test standard.
The HDTDX analyzer results are not intended for use in determining if a cable
meets specifications; the results are intended to help you locate the sources of
crosstalk on a cable. To determine if a cable meets specifications for crosstalk, run
the NEXT test.

Running the HDTDX Analyzer

Note
You can run the HDTDX analyzer with or without a remote. If you
run the analyzer without a remote, the results will be less reliable.
To run the HDTDX analyzer, proceed as follows:
1. Attach twisted pair link interface adapters to the remote and main units.
2. If you are testing with a remote, turn on the remote; then connect the remote to
the far end of the cable link.
3. Turn the rotary switch on the main unit to SINGLE TEST.
4. Verify that the test standard and cable type displayed are correct.
5. Connect the test tool to the near end of the cable link.
6. Press E to run the HDTDX analyzer.

4-6
 Running Individual Tests
The HDTDX Analyzer 4
If the test tool does not detect a remote, the following message appears: NO
REMOTE DETECTED.

HDTDX Analyzer Results

When the HDTDX analyzer test is complete, the HDTDX analyzer results screen
appears. Table 4-2 describes the items on the analyzer screen.

Table 4-2. Items on the HDTDX Analyzer Results Screen

Item Description

Pairs The cable pairs relevant to the results.

Peak The highest magnitude of crosstalk measured on the cable pair. A peak
over 50 indicates a crosstalk level that exceeds the limit specified by the
selected test standard. Crosstalk levels are adjusted to compensate for
cable attenuation.

Distance The measured distance from the main unit to the peak crosstalk value.

@ View Plot Press to see a plot that shows where crosstalk is detected on the cable.

4-7
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

HDTDX Analyzer Plot

To view a HDTDX analyzer plot for a set of cable pairs, use D U to highlight
the pairs, then press # View Plot to see the plot screen for the pairs. Figure
4-2 describes an example of a HDTDX analyzer plot.

2
3

5
oy20c.eps

1 The cable pairs relevant to the results.

2 The distance along the cable under test. The 0 at the left of the scale represents the
location of the main test tool.
3 Magnitude of crosstalk on the cable pair. A peak over 50 indicates a crosstalk level that
exceeds the limit specified by the selected test standard. Crosstalk levels are adjusted
to compensate for cable attenuation.
4 The Cursor Readout shows the distance to the crosstalk source at the cursor’s
position. The cursor aligns to the highest crosstalk peak. Use L R to move the cursor
left or right.
5 Use D U to change the maximum distance of the horizontal scale.

Figure 4-2. Example of an HDTDX Analyzer Plot for a Good Twisted Pair Cable Run

4-8
 Running Individual Tests
The HDTDR Test 4
The HDTDR Test
The HDTDR (High-Definition Time Domain Reflectometry) test helps you
locate sources of return loss on a cable by reporting the locations of signal
reflections caused by impedance anomalies. The test is run from both ends of the
cable (if the remote is used) for improved visibility of far-end anomalies.
The test locates anomalies caused by problems such as shorts, opens, poor
connections, and mismatches in cable types. You can view the location and size of
the anomalies in a list or plot format.
The reflection values displayed are adjusted to compensate for cable attenuation.
The values represent the approximate size of the reflections as they appear at the
anomalies.
The HDTDR test uses very short (2 ns) test pulses, which help the test tool resolve
smaller anomalies, resulting in more accurate distance-to-fault measurements and
better definition of faults on plots.

How to Terminate the Cable

You can run the HDTDR test on twisted pair cable with or without a remote unit,
and on coaxial cable with or without a terminator. Table 4-3 describes how
termination devices affect the results reported for twisted pair and coaxial cable.

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Table 4-3. Effects of Termination on HDTDR Results

Cable Type
and Listed Results Show the Following Plotted Results Show the
Termination Following

Twisted pair Displays the message No Remote All reflections are shown.
with no Detected. Results show the two
remote largest reflections greater than or equal
to 15%. The largest reflection probably
comes from the end of the cable, but is
not identified as the end.
Twisted pair Two largest reflections greater than or All reflections are shown.
with remote equal to 15%. Largest reflection is
identified as the end of the cable.
Coaxial cable Two largest reflections greater than or All reflections are shown. The
with no equal to 10%. The largest reflection largest reflection comes from the
terminator comes from the end of the cable, but is end of the cable.
not identified as the end.
Coaxial No Reflection reported for a All reflections are shown. The plot
Cable with good cable. On a faulty cable, the test will not show a reflection from the
terminator reports the two largest reflections, but terminated end.
does not identify end of cable.

4-10
 Running Individual Tests
The HDTDR Test 4
Running the HDTDR Test on Twisted Pair Cable
To run the HDTDR test on twisted pair cable, proceed as follows:
1. Disconnect any PCs from the link you are testing.
2. Attach twisted pair link interface adapters to the main and remote units.
3. If you are testing with a remote, turn on the remote; then connect the remote to
the far end of the cable link.
4. Turn the rotary switch on the main unit to SINGLE TEST.
5. Verify that the test standard and cable type displayed are correct.
6. Connect the test tool to the near end of the cable link.
7. Use D to highlight HDTDR.
8. Press E to run the HDTDR test.

Running the HDTDR Test on Coaxial Cable

To run the HDTDR test on coaxial cable, proceed as follows:
1. Turn off any PC nodes connected to the cable you are testing.
2. If desired, remove the terminator from the far end of the cable.
3. Attach a channel link interface adapter to the main unit.
4. Turn the rotary switch to SINGLE TEST.
5. Verify that the test standard and cable type displayed are correct.
6. Remove the terminator from the near end of the coaxial cable; then use the
RJ45 to BNC adapter to connect the cable to the test tool.
7. Use D to highlight HDTDR.
8. Press E to run the HDTDR test.

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DSP-4000 Series
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HDTDR Results Screen

When the HDTDR test is complete, the HDTDR results screen appears. Table 4-4
describes the items on the screen.

Table 4-4. Items on an HDTDR Results Screen (Twisted Pair Results)

Item Description

Pair The cable pair relevant to the results. Not shown for coaxial cable results.
Distance The first distance is the measured distance from the test tool to the end of
the cable. The second distance, if shown, is the distance from the test tool
to the beginning of the largest anomaly that caused a reflection greater
than the limit defined by the selected test standard.
Peak The percentage of the test signal reflected at the peak of the anomaly.
@ View Press to see a plot of the locations and reflection percentages of the
Plot impedance anomalies detected.

HDTDR Plot Screen

To view the HDTDR plot for a cable pair, use D U to highlight one of the pairs;
then press @ View Plot to see the plot screen for that pair. Figure 4-3
describes an example of a HDTDR plot.

4-12
 Running Individual Tests
The HDTDR Test 4
1
2
4
3
5

7
8
oy21c.eps

1 The cable pair relevant to the results.

2 The peak value as reported on the results screen.
3 The distance along the cable under test. The 0 at the left of the scale represents the
location of the main test tool.
4 The distance to the end of the cable as reported on the results screen.
5 The percentage of reflected signal relative to the size of the HDTDR test signal. Positive
values indicate locations on the cable where the impedance is higher than the cable’s
characteristic impedance. Negative values indicate locations on the cable where the
impedance is lower than the cable’s characteristic impedance.
6 The Cursor Readout shows the location and the reflection percentage at the cursor’s
position. Use L R to move the cursor left or right.
7 Use D U to change the maximum distance of the horizontal scale.
8 Toggles the vertical scale from 100% (1X) to 25% (4X).

Figure 4-3. Example of an HDTDR Plot (Twisted Pair Results)

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Single Test Results for Twisted Pair Cable

The Single Test results for twisted pair cable are identical to those displayed by an
Autotest, with exceptions noted in the following paragraphs.
Tests not required by the selected test standard produce a Warning result when
measured values exceed the test’s limits.

Wire Map
Wire map results are identical to the Autotest version. See “Wire Map” in Chapter
3 for details. The Single Test version of the wire map test includes the scanning
function.

Length
If a remote is connected, the length test and results are identical to the Autotest
version. See “Length” in Chapter 3 for details.
If a remote is not connected, the test tool displays the message NO REMOTE
DETECTED, and the limit and result columns are not shown. If the length of a
cable pair cannot be determined, the length value on the display is blank and
WARNING appears in the result column.

NEXT and NEXT@REMOTE

The NEXT test and results are identical to the Autotest version. See “NEXT” in
Chapter 3 for details.
The NEXT@REMOTE test and results are identical to the Autotest version. See
“NEXT@REMOTE” in Chapter 3 for details.

ELFEXT
The ELFEXT test and results are identical to the Autotest version. See Chapter 3
for details.

4-14
 Running Individual Tests
Single Test Results for Twisted Pair Cable 4
Impedance
The impedance test and results are identical to the Autotest version. See
“Impedance” in Chapter 3 for details.

Attenuation (Insertion Loss)

The attenuation test and results are identical to the Autotest version. See
“Attenuation” in Chapter 3 for details.

Resistance
If a remote is connected, the results displayed are identical to the display in
Autotest. See “Resistance” in Chapter 3 for details.
If a remote is not connected, the test tool displays the message NO REMOTE
DETECTED and all pair resistances are reported as OPEN. A cable pair with a
resistance greater than 400 Ω is also reported as OPEN.

Return Loss (RL) and RL@REMOTE

The RL test and results are identical to the Autotest version. See “Return Loss” in
Chapter 3 for details.

Power Sum NEXT and Power Sum NEXT@REMOTE

The PSNEXT test and results are identical to the Autotest version. See "PSNEXT"
in Chapter 3 for details.

Power Sum ELFEXT

The PSELFEXT test and results are identical to the Autotest version described in
Chapter 3.

4-15
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Single Tests for Coaxial Cable

The Single Test mode on the rotary switch allows individual execution of the
coaxial cable tests available in the Autotest mode. The HDTDR test is also
available as a Single Test for coaxial cable.
The coaxial cable tests available as Single Tests produce results displayed in the
same format as displayed in the Autotest mode.

Running a Single Test on Coaxial Cable

Note
For instructions on running the HDTDR test, see the earlier section
“The HDTDR Test.” For instructions on running tests in the
MONITOR mode, see the later section “Monitoring Network
Activity.”
To run a Single Test on coaxial cable, refer to Figure 4-4 and proceed as follows:
1. Turn off any PC nodes connected to the cable you are testing.
2. If you want to measure cable length, remove the terminator from the far end of
the cable you are testing.
3. Attach a channel link interface adapter to the main unit.
4. Turn the rotary switch to SINGLE TEST.
5. Verify that the test standard and cable type are correct. You can change these
settings in the SETUP mode.
6. Remove the terminator from the near end of the coaxial cable; then use the
RJ45 to BNC adapter to connect the cable to the test tool.
7. Use U D to highlight the test you want to run.
8. Press E to start the highlighted test.

4-16
 Running Individual Tests
Single Tests for Coaxial Cable 4
PC

PC
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

PC

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

For Length Test,

remove far-end
Terminator

Channel LIA

BNC “T”
Connector

DSP-4000 CABLE ANALYZER

1 2 3 4

EXIT

FAULT TALK
INFO

TEST ENTER SAVE

MONITOR
SINGLE
SETUP

Test Tool
TEST
AUTO PRINT
TEST

SPECIAL
OFF FUNCTIONS

oy22f.eps
Figure 4-4. Single Test Connections for Coaxial Cable

4-17
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Single Test Results for Coaxial Cable

The Single Test results for coaxial cable are identical to those displayed by an
Autotest, with exceptions noted as follows.

Impedance
Identical to Autotest version. See “Impedance” in Chapter 3 for details.

Resistance
Identical to Autotest version. See “Resistance” in Chapter 3 for details. The Single
Test version of the resistance test includes the scanning function.
Length
Identical to Autotest version. See “Length” in Chapter 3 for details.

HDTDR for Coaxial Cable

The HDTDR test is described for both twisted pair and coaxial cable in the earlier
section “The HDTDR Test.”

4-18
 Running Individual Tests
Monitoring Network Activity 4
Monitoring Network Activity
Note
Monitoring network activity requires the optional DSP-LIA013
adapter.
The MONITOR mode on the rotary switch lets you monitor Ethernet traffic for
collisions, jabber, peak traffic, and percentage of network utilization. You can
monitor traffic on 10BASE-T or 100BASE-TX twisted pair cable.
This feature lets you identify active cables and provides some information on
network activity. If you want to troubleshoot active networks, contact your Fluke
Networks representative for information on LAN diagnostic tools.
When connected to a network, the test tool automatically generates link pulses to
activate the hub. The test tool uses Auto-Negotiation when attempting to link to
monitor 10/100BASE-TX traffic. If a link state does not occur, the test tool
displays the warning message NO LINK PULSE.
To monitor network traffic on a twisted pair Ethernet network, refer to Figure 4-5
and proceed as follows:

RJ45
Test Tool
Jacks
with optional
DSP-LIA013 adapter

oy23f.eps
Figure 4-5. Connections for Monitoring Network Traffic

4-19
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Notes
To extend battery life, use the ac adapter/charger when monitoring
network traffic for extended periods. While monitoring network
traffic, the test tool’s automatic power-down function is disabled.
The Monitor jack does not support the Talk mode.
1. Attach a traffic link interface adapter (such as the optional DSP-LIA013) to
the test tool.
2. Turn the rotary switch to MONITOR.
3. Use D to highlight 10/100BASE-TX Traffic.
4. Remove any cable connected to the test tool’s unused test connector.
5. Use a patch cable of the correct impedance to connect the test tool to the
network as shown in Figure 4-5. Connect to the jack indicated by the arrow at
the top of the display.
6. Press T to start the traffic test.
7. Use the #10T Only or #100TX Only softkey to select traffic
monitoring at 10 Mb/s or 100 Mb/s.
If you don't know which speed to use, and the test tool is not already trying to
link using Auto-Negotiation, press # until the display reads
Auto-Negotiation. This lets the test tool select the proper speed to
match the hub.

As the traffic test runs, the results shown on the test tool’s display are updated
every second. Table 4-5 describes the items on the screen.

4-20
 Running Individual Tests
Monitoring Network Activity 4
Table 4-5. Items on the Traffic Monitor Screen

Item Description

Utilization Percentage of the network’s transmission bandwidth used over the last 1
Last 1 second. Utilization includes correct frames, collisions, and jabber. The
second percentage indicates the current traffic density.

Utilization The average of all the 1-second utilization percentages since the start of the
Average test.

Utilization The highest 1-second utilization percentage recorded since the start of the
Peak test.

Collisions The percentage of collision frames as compared to the total number of

Last 1 frames detected in the last 1 second. Collisions are counted when runt
second packets are detected.

Collisions The average of all the 1-second collision percentages since the start of the
Average test.

Collisions The highest 1-second collision percentage recorded since the start of the
Peak test.

Bottom of screen If jabber is detected, the message Jabber Detected appears in this
space. A jabber is reported if a frame is detected to be larger than the
maximum legal size. If no link pulse is detected, the message NO LINK
PULSE appears in this space.

! Sound Activates and deactivates a sound that represents network activity.

On

@ Sound
Off

$ Stop Stops the traffic test and freezes the screen. To restart the traffic test, press
Test T.

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Identifying Hub Port Connections

The hub port locator helps you determine which port a cable is connected to at a
hub. The locator sends a link pulse to the hub, causing the port’s LED to blink.
To identify a hub port connection, proceed as follows:
1. Attach a traffic link interface adapter (such the optional DSP-LIA013) to the
test tool.
2. Turn the rotary switch to MONITOR.
3. Use D to highlight the hub port locator selection; then press E.
4. Use a patch cable of the correct impedance to connect the test tool to the
network as directed on the display.
5. Locate the connected port by finding the flashing LED on the hub’s LED
panel.

Monitoring Impulse Noise

The Monitor Impulse Noise function allows you to monitor electrical noise on
inactive twisted pair cable. Pair 3, 6 is monitored.
The noise test takes noise voltage samples every second. Voltages that exceed the
impulse noise threshold are regarded as noise “hits.” If the 10BASE-T standard is
selected, the noise test results include a pass or fail indication. A fail result is
displayed if more than two noise hits are detected in a 10-second interval.

4-22
 Running Individual Tests
Monitoring Impulse Noise 4
Changing the Impulse Noise Threshold
You can set the impulse noise threshold to a value from 10 mV to 500 mV in
increments of 10 mV. The default noise threshold value is 270 mV.
To change the noise threshold, proceed as follows:
1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.
2. Use $ Page Down and D to find and highlight the impulse noise
threshold setting.
3. Press ! Choice.
4. Use # DEC or $ INC to change the threshold.
5. Press E to store the threshold setting.
Running the Impulse Noise Test
The impulse noise test is not valid for coaxial cable because the level of noise on
coaxial cable is negligible.
To monitor impulse noise, refer to Figure 4-6 and proceed as follows:
Note
To extend battery life, use the ac adapter/charger when monitoring
impulse noise for extended periods. While monitoring impulse noise,
the test tool’s automatic power-down function is disabled.

Note
Monitoring impulse noise without a remote connected may produce
unreliable test results.
1. Attach twisted pair link interface adapters to the remote and main units.
2. Turn on the main and remote units. Make the connections shown in Figure
4-6.
3. Turn the rotary switch on the main unit to MONITOR.
4. Use D to highlight Impulse Noise; then press T .

4-23
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

RJ45
Jack
Wall Outlet

2 Meters

2 Meters

DSP-4000 CABLE ANALYZER

Patch Panel
DSP-4000 SMART REMOTE

1 2 3 4

EXIT

FAULT
Test Tool PASS

TALK TESTING
INFO

FAIL
TEST ENTER SAVE

MONITOR TALKING
SINGLE
SETUP
TEST
LOW BATTERY
AUTO PRINT
TEST

SPECIAL
OFF FUNCTIONS

Smart
Remote
TALK

ON

OFF

oy24f.eps

Figure 4-6. Typical Connections for Monitoring Impulse Noise

4-24
 Running Individual Tests
Monitoring Impulse Noise 4
Noise Test Results
As the noise test runs, the displayed test results are updated every second after the
first 10-second sample period. Table 4-6 describes the items on the screen.

Table 4-6. Items on the Noise Monitor Screen

Item Description

Impulse The minimum level of noise that is considered to be a noise hit. The
Noise default threshold is 270 mV. If you want to change the fault threshold, see
Threshold the earlier section “Changing the Impulse Noise Threshold.”
Noise Test The overall result of the noise test. Displayed only when 10BASE-T is
selected. A PASS result means that no 10-second intervals included more
than two noise hits. A FAIL result means that more than two noise hits
were detected during a 10-second interval.
Average The average number of noise hits per second since the start of the test.
Peak The highest number of noise hits per second and the time at which the
peak was recorded.
$ Stop Stops the noise test and freezes the screen. To restart the noise test,
Test press T.

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Determining Hub Port Capabilities

This test determines if a hub supports the following standards:
• Auto-Negotiation
• 10BASE-T
• 100BASE-TX
• 100BASE-T4
• 100BASE-TX Full Duplex
• 10BASE-T Full Duplex
To determine hub port capabilities, proceed as follows:
1. Attach a traffic link interface adapter (such the optional DSP-LIA013) to the
test tool.
2. Use a patch cable of the correct impedance to connect the network connection
to the test tool’s Monitor jack.
3. Turn the rotary switch to MONITOR.
4. Use D to highlight HUB Port Capabilities; then press E.

Using the Tone Generator

If you have an inductive pickup device, such as a Fluke Networks 140 A-Bug
Tone Probe, you can use the test tool’s tone generator to identify twisted pair and
coaxial cable runs and connections. The tone generator produces a signal on the
cable under test. You can hear the signal as an audible tone when you place an
inductive pickup device near the cable or one of the cable’s connectors.
To use the tone generator, proceed as follows:
1. Attach a twisted pair link interface adapter to the test tool.
2. Turn the rotary switch to SPECIAL FUNCTIONS.
3. Connect the test tool to the cable.
4. Use D to highlight Tone Generator; then press E.
5. Use an inductive pickup device along the cable run or at far end connectors to
determine which cable is connected to the test tool.

4-26
 Chapter 5
Viewing and Printing Saved Reports

Chapter 5 provides the following information:

• Instructions for sending saved test reports to a serial printer.
• Instructions for viewing, deleting, and renaming test reports saved in the test
tool’s memory.

Printing Test Reports

This section describes how to send reports directly to a printer. If you want to send
reports to a computer, use the CableManager software provided with the test
tool. See the Appendix or the online help in CableManager for instructions.
The PRINT mode on the rotary switch lets you send saved Autotest reports or
report summaries to a serial printer or a PC through the test tool’s EIA-232C serial
port. You can also edit the header, operator name, and site name that appear at the
top of reports.

5-1
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Configuring the Serial Port

Before you send a report to a printer, set the test tool’s serial port settings to match
the printer’s serial port settings. The serial port settings include baud rate, flow
control, and printer type. For the type of printer, you can select Hewlett-Packard,
Epson, or Text Only. The Text Only setting, which omits formatting commands
for the printer, is suitable for sending Autotest reports to a terminal emulator or to
a printer other than a Hewlett-Packard or Epson.
To configure the test tool’s serial port, proceed as follows:
1. Turn the rotary switch to PRINT.
2. Use D U to highlight Edit Print Parameters. Press E.
3. Use D U to highlight the parameter you want to change.
4. Press ! Choice.
5. Use D U to highlight the setting you want.
6. Press E to select the highlighted setting.
7. Repeat steps 3 through 6 to change additional serial port settings.

Note
You can also configure the serial port in the SETUP mode.

Printer Interface Cable

The interface cable provided with the test tool is configured for serial
communication with a PC. To communicate with a serial printer, you will
probably need a different cable or an adapter for the cable provided. The pin
configuration for the cable provided and for Fluke’s 9-to 25-pin adapter is given in
“Specifications” in Chapter 8. Refer to your printer’s manual for specifications on
your printer’s serial port.

5-2
 Viewing and Printing Saved Reports
Printing Test Reports 5
Printing
To send a report through the test tool’s serial port directly to a serial printer, refer
to Figure 5-1 and proceed as follows:

Test Tool

oy25f.eps

Figure 5-1. Connections for Printing Test Reports

1. Remove any cables connected to the connectors at the top of the test tool.
2. Configure the test tool’s serial port, as described in the previous section.
3. Use an appropriate cable to connect the test tool to the printer.
4. Turn the rotary switch to PRINT.
5. Use D U to highlight the print function you want.
6. Press E to select the highlighted function.

The results of selecting each function are as follows:

• All Autotest Reports: Prints all of the reports stored in the test
tool’s memory. Before printing, the test tool’s report format, baud rate, printer
type, and flow control are displayed. You can change these settings in the
PRINT mode, as described in the earlier section “Configuring the Serial Port.”
Press E to start printing. To stop printing and return to the main print
screen, press e.

5-3
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

• Selected Autotest Reports: Displays the SELECT

AUTOTEST REPORTS screen where you can select the reports you want to
print, as follows:
1. Use # Page Up, $ Page Down, and D U to highlight a
report label.
2. Press E to select the highlighted report. An asterisk appears on the
label to show that the report is selected for printing. To select several
consecutive reports, hold down E. To remove an asterisk, highlight
the report label; then press E.
3. To print the selected reports, press ! Start Print; then press
E. To stop printing and return to the main Print menu, press e.
• All Report Summary: Same as All Autotest Reports, except that
reports are printed in summary form. The summaries give the date and time
each report was saved, the cable identification entered for each report, and an
overall test result for each report.
• Selected Report Summary: Same as Selected Autotest Reports,
except that reports are printed in summary form.
• Edit Report Identification: Displays the REPORT
IDENTIFICATION screen, where you can edit the Custom Header, Operator
Name, or Site Name that appear on printed Autotest reports. This function also
appears in the SETUP mode. See "Editing the Report Identification" in
Chapter 2 for complete instructions.
To edit the cable identification assigned to a saved report, see "Viewing,
Renaming, and Deleting Test Reports" at the end of this chapter.
• Edit Print Parameters: Lets you change the Autotest report
format and configure the serial port.
When printing is complete, the test tool displays the following message:
Delete All Printed Reports?. To delete the printed reports from
memory, press # Yes twice. To exit without deleting the printed reports, press
$ No or e.

5-4
 Viewing and Printing Saved Reports
Printing Test Reports 5
If the Printer Does Not Respond
If the printer does not respond correctly to the test tool, the message Serial
Port Error appears. In this case, check the following:
• Verify that the printer is online.
• Verify that the baud rate and flow control settings are the same for the test tool
and the printer.
• Verify that the printer type in SETUP matches the type of printer connected to
the test tool.
• Verify that the interface cable is securely connected to the printer and the test
tool.
• Verify that the cable or adapter you are using is compatible with your printer.
Pin assignments for the test tool’s serial port are given in “Specifications” in
Chapter 8. Refer to your printer’s manual for specifications on your printer’s
serial port.

5-5
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Viewing, Renaming, and Deleting Test Reports

To view test reports, delete test reports, or rename the cable identification given on
a saved report, proceed as follows:
1. Turn the rotary switch to SPECIAL FUNCTIONS.
2. Press E to select View/Delete Test Reports. The
VIEW/DELETE TEST REPORTS screen appears showing the first screen of
test report labels. The reports are listed in the order saved, starting with the
oldest report in memory. Each test report label shows the date and time the
report was saved, the cable identification name, and an overall test result (pass,
fail, or warning).
3. Use # Page Up, $ Page Down, and D U to highlight the report
you want to view, rename, or delete.
4. Press the softkey labeled with the function you want. The softkeys function as
follows:
• ! Delete Report: Deletes the highlighted report from memory.
• @ View Result: Displays the overall Autotest result and
headroom value for the highlighted report. To see detailed results for a
test, press View Result again; then highlight the desired test and
press E.
To change the cable identification, press the @ Rename Report
softkey that appears after you press View Result twice. Use the
softkeys to edit the cable identification. Press S when you are done.
To delete all of the Autotest reports stored in memory, select Delete All
Test Reports from the main SPECIAL FUNCTIONS menu.

5-6
 Chapter 6
Calibrations and Custom Test
Standards

Chapter 6 provides the following information:

• Instructions for calibrating the test tool.
• Instructions for determining a cable’s NVP value.
• Instructions for defining a custom test standard.

Calibrating the Test Tool

Before shipment, each test tool is calibrated to work with the remote unit shipped
in the same package. If you want to use your test tool with a different remote, you
must perform a self-calibration to store the new calibration parameters in the test
tool. The test tool stores the calibration data in non-volatile memory that is
maintained by a lithium battery. You can calibrate your test tool to work with two
different remotes. Self-calibration is not required when you switch between link
interface adapters.
To ensure maximum accuracy of test results, perform the self-calibration every 30
days. The test tool requires a traceable calibration once a year to ensure that it
meets or exceeds the published accuracy specifications. To return a unit to Fluke
Networks for calibration, call an authorized Fluke Networks Service Center for
return instructions.

Notes
Both the DSP-4000 and DSP-4100 use the DSP-4000 calibration
module.
Allow a 1 minute warm-up time before performing a self-calibration.
Perform the self-calibration only after the test tool has warmed up to
an ambient temperature between 10° C and 40° C (50° F and
104° F).

6-1
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

To recalibrate the test tool, refer to Figure 6-1 and proceed as follows:

ON

OFF
OFF

FAULT

1
INFO

EXIT
AUTO
TEST

TEST
SINGLE
TEST

SMART REMOTE
DSP-4000

LOW BATTERY
2

TESTING

TALKING
MONITOR

ENTER

TALK
PASS
CABLE ANALYZER

FAIL
DSP-4000
3
SETUP

SAVE
PRINT

TALK

4
FUNCTIONS
SPECIAL

ON

OFF
Calibration
Module
Test Tool Smart Remote

oy77f.eps

Figure 6-1. Connections for Self-Calibration

1. Turn the rotary switch to SPECIAL FUNCTIONS.

2. Use D to highlight Self Calibration.
3. Press E.
4. Connect the test tool to the remote as directed by the displayed messages.
5. Press T to start the calibration.
When the calibration is complete, the calibration data and the remote’s serial
number are automatically stored in the test tool’s calibration library.
If the message SELF CALIBRATION FAIL appears, check the following:
• Verify that the test tool and remote are securely connected with the calibration
module.
• Verify that the connected units are resting on a flat surface.
• Check the main unit, remote unit, and the calibration module for damaged
connectors.
If the self calibration continues to fail, send the main and remote units and the
cable adapters to the nearest Fluke Networks service center. See “Service Center
Repair” in Chapter 8 for details.

6-2
 Calibrations and Custom Test Standards
NVP Calibration 6
NVP Calibration
The Determine Cable NVP function allows you to determine the NVP (nominal
velocity of propagation) for a known length of cable and save the value for
additional measurements of unknown lengths of the same type of cable. The
calibrated NVP value applies only to the selected test standard. You can also enter
a known NVP value or use the Set to Default softkey to set the NVP to
the default value, which is the NVP for a typical sample of the selected cable type.
To determine a cable’s NVP value, proceed as follows:

Notes
To determine a cable’s NVP, you should use a cable at least 15 m
(50 ft) long. The recommended length is 30 m (100 ft).
NVP is determined for the cable pair with the shortest electrical
delay.
1. Attach a channel link interface interface adapter to the main unit.
2. Turn the rotary switch to SPECIAL FUNCTIONS.
3. Use D to highlight Determine Cable NVP.
4. Press E.
5. As prompted by the display, connect a known length of the appropriate cable
to the test tool. Use the RJ45 to BNC adapter, if necessary.
6. Verify that no cables are connected to the DB9 connector on the test tool.
7. Press T.
8. Use D or U to change the displayed length to the known length of the
attached cable. As you adjust the length measurement, the NVP value changes
automatically. The range for NVP values is 50.0 % to 99.9 %.
9. When the displayed length matches the known length of the cable, press
S to store the new NVP value and return to the main Special Functions
menu. To exit the screen without saving the new NVP value, press e.
If the message CABLE FAULT DETECTED appears, verify that the selected
cable type is correct, check the cable for proper pin connections, or calibrate with a
different cable.

6-3
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Configuring a Custom Test

The Configure Custom Test function allows you to define custom standards for up
to four custom tests. The following parameters and tests are available (tests
available depend on the default standard you select):
• Custom test name (a name you enter for the configuration)
• Default test standard
• Cable name (a name you enter for the cable type)
• NVP (Nominal Velocity of Propagation)
• Maximum cable length
• Fault threshold for impedance anomalies
• Wire map assignments for cable pairs
• Resistance test enabled or disabled
• Impedance test enabled or disabled
• Attenuation test enabled or disabled
• NEXT and NEXT@REMOTE tests enabled or disabled
• ELFEXT test enabled or disabled
• RL test enabled or disabled
• ACR and ACR@REMOTE tests enabled or disabled
• PSNEXT and PSNEXT@REMOTE tests enabled or disabled
• PSELFEXT test enabled or disabled
• PSACR and PSACR@REMOTE tests enabled or disabled

Note
To determine the NVP for a custom test configuration refer to the
previous section, “NVP Calibration.”

6-4
 Calibrations and Custom Test Standards
Configuring a Custom Test 6
During the configuration process, you can abandon the changes you have made by
pressing ! Abort.
To reset a parameter back to the default value, highlight the parameter; then press
@ Set to Default.
To reset all of the parameters back to default values, highlight the test standard on
Page 1 of the configuration screens; then press E. Use U D to select the
desired default standard; then press E.
To configure a custom test, proceed as follows:
1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.
2. Press $ Page Down until you see the CONFIGURE CUSTOM TEST
selection.
3. Highlight a custom test name. The default cable names are * Custom
Cable 1* through * Custom Cable 4 *. An asterisk always
proceeds and follows the name of a custom test configuration. Press E.
4. Use U D to select a parameter to change. Use $ Page Down to see
additional parameters. Press E to select a highlighted parameter for
editing.

Note
Selecting a default standard for a previously configured custom test
resets all test parameters to default values.
5. Use the appropriate keys to select the value you want; then press E.
If you selected to change the custom test name or the cable type, the
alphanumeric entry screen appears. Use the appropriate keys to enter a name
up to 27 characters long. When you are finished entering characters, press
S.
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 to change additional parameters.
7. When you are finished configuring test parameters, press S to store the
custom configuration.

6-5
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

6-6
 Chapter 7
Basic Cable Testing

Chapter 7 provides the following information:

• A description of LAN cable construction
• A description of channel and basic link configurations
• Explanations of LAN cable tests
• Explanations of the HDTDX and HDTDR analyzer tests and plots
• Basic troubleshooting procedures for LAN cable.

LAN Cable Construction

LAN cables have a number of characteristics in common with other types of
electrical cables. All electrical cables have continuity, which means that they serve
as a complete path for electrical current flow. Each end of a cable has some type of
connector for connecting the cable to the appropriate electrical device. Cables with
multiple wires usually have a pin assignment that describes how the wires are
arranged in the connectors.

7-1
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Cables are designed to perform best in specific applications. For example, power
cables are designed to minimize power losses at frequencies of 50 Hz or 60 Hz.
LAN cables are designed to minimize signal distortion at higher frequencies.
Two types of cables are designed for use with LAN systems: twisted pair cable
and coaxial cable.

Twisted Pair Cable

Twisted pair cable consists of wire pairs that are twisted together, as shown in
Figure 7-1. The wires are twisted to minimize crosstalk between the cable pairs.

1 1

Transformer Transformer

2 2

oy27f.eps

Figure 7-1. Twisted Pair Cable Construction

Each cable pair forms a complete electrical path for signal transmission. The
currents flowing through the wires in each pair are equal, but flow in opposite
directions. These currents produce electromagnetic fields that could transmit
electrical noise to nearby wires. However, the fields surrounding the two wires
have opposite polarities. Twisting the wires together causes the fields to cancel
out, which minimizes the electrical noise, or crosstalk, generated by each cable
pair.
There are two types of twisted pair cable: shielded twisted pair (STP) and
unshielded twisted pair (UTP). STP cable, which may also be referred to as ScTP
(screened twisted pair) or FTP (foil-screened twisted pair), contains a conductive
shield that is electrically grounded to protect the wires inside from electrical noise.
STP cable is more expensive and more difficult to install than UTP.

7-2
 Basic Cable Testing
LAN Cable Construction 7
Figure 7-2 shows the pin connections and wire colors for correct wiring to TIA
568A and 568B standards.

568A
Pin 1 Pin 2 Pin 3 Pin 4 Pin 5 Pin 6 Pin 7 Pin 8
WG G WO BL WBL O WBR BR

Pair 3 Pair 1 Pair 4

Pair 2

568B
Pin 1 Pin 2 Pin 3 Pin 4 Pin 5 Pin 6 Pin 7 Pin 8
WO O WG BL WBL G WBR BR

Pair 2 Pair 1 Pair 4

Pair 3

oy28f.eps

Figure 7-2. EIA/TIA RJ45 Connections

The 568A and 568B wiring standards have the same electrical performance;
however, the two standards should not be mixed in the same network because of
the risk of wiring errors.

7-3
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Coaxial Cable
Coaxial cable consists of a conductor surrounded first by an insulating material,
then by a braided conductive sheath, as shown in Figure 7-3. In LAN applications,
the sheath is electrically grounded and serves as a shield that protects the inner
conductor from electrical noise. The shield also helps eliminate signal loss by
keeping the transmitted signal confined to cable.
Coaxial cable can carry a wider range of frequencies and can be used in greater
lengths than twisted pair cable. However, coaxial cable is more expensive than
twisted pair.

Jacket
Shield

Dielectric
ble
Conductor
xial Ca
Coa

oy29f.eps

Figure 7-3. Coaxial Cable Construction

7-4
 Basic Cable Testing
Basic Link and Channel Connections 7
Basic Link and Channel Connections
The cable links you test may or may not include equipment patch cables and extra
transition connections in the telecommunications closet and work area. For
example, cable installers are often responsible only for the permanent cable
installed between the closet and the first wall outlet in the work area. This segment
of cable is the basic link, shown in Figure 7-4. As defined in TSB-67, the basic
link consists of up to 90 m of horizontal cable, one transition connector at each
end, and two test equipment patch cables of no more than 2 m each.

Start Horizontal cabling End

basic link basic link

Patch panel
Test equipment connection
patch cable
Test equipment
patch cable

Basic link
TALK

Smart
Test Tool Remote

oy73f.eps
Figure 7-4. Basic Link Test Connections

7-5
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

A channel includes the transition connectors and equipment patch cables added to
a basic link segment. The channel should be tested from end to end to verify the
performance of all the components. In this case, you use the equipment patch
cables to connect your test tool to the channel, as shown in Figure 7-5. TSB-67
defines the channel as a basic link plus one extra transition connector at each end
and up to 10 meters of equipment patch cables. Because of the extra connectors
and patch cables, the test limits for a channel are looser than those for the basic
link.
A channel with just one connector at each end resembles a basic link; however,
you would use a channel test standard if you are using the network equipment’s
patch cables to connect to your test tool.

Horizontal cabling End

Start
channel channel

Transition Horizontal
connector cross connect
Network Network
equipment equipment
patch cable patch cable

TALK

Channel
Smart
Test Tool Remote

oy69f.eps
Figure 7-5. Channel Test Connections

7-6
 Basic Cable Testing
Attenuation (Insertion Loss) 7
Attenuation (Insertion Loss)
Attenuation is a decrease in signal strength over the length of a cable, as shown in
Figure 7-6.

Signal Cable Signal

Source Receiver

Loss
VIN
VOUT

oy30f.eps

Figure 7-6. Attenuation of a Signal

Attenuation is caused by a loss of electrical energy in the resistance of the cable

wire and by leakage of energy through the cable’s insulating material. This loss of
energy is expressed in decibels. Lower attenuation values correspond to better
cable performance. For example, when comparing the performance of two cables
at a particular frequency, a cable with an attenuation of 10 dB performs better than
a cable with an attenuation of 20 dB.
Cable attenuation is determined by the cable’s construction, length, and the
frequencies of the signals sent through the cable. At higher frequencies, the skin
effect and the cable’s inductance and capacitance cause attenuation to increase.

7-7
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Noise
Electrical noise is unwanted electrical signals that alter the shape of the signals
transmitted on a LAN cable. Figure 7-7 shows an example of how noise affects the
shape of an electrical signal known as a sine wave. Signals that are severely
distorted by noise can cause communication errors in a LAN.

IN OUT

oy31f.eps

Figure 7-7. Sources of Electrical Noise

Electrical noise is generated by any device that uses or generates voltages that vary
over time. Varying voltage generates a varying electromagnetic field, which
transmits noise to nearby devices in the same way that a radio transmitter transmits
signals to your radio. For example, fluorescent lights, which use 50 Hz or 60 Hz ac
(alternating current) power, continuously radiate a 50 Hz or 60 Hz signal that can
be received by nearby devices as electrical noise.

7-8
 Basic Cable Testing
Characteristic Impedance 7
LAN cables act as antennas that can pick up noise from fluorescent lights, electric
motors, electric heaters, photocopiers, refrigerators, elevators, and other electronic
devices. Coaxial cable is far less susceptible to noise than twisted pair cable
because it is shielded by a conductive sheath. The sheath is electrically grounded
to prevent noise from reaching the inner conductor.
The test tool measures impulse noise on the cable under test. Impulse noise is
abrupt “spikes” of interference. This noise is caused by electronic devices that run
intermittently, such as elevators, photocopiers, and microwave ovens. You can
monitor impulse noise in the test tool’s MONITOR mode. The test tool counts
impulse noise spikes that have an amplitude greater than the selected impulse
noise threshold.

Characteristic Impedance
Characteristic impedance is the impedance that a cable would have if the cable
were infinitely long. Impedance is a type of resistance that opposes the flow of
alternating current (ac). A cable’s characteristic impedance is a complex property
resulting from the combined effects of the cable’s inductive, capacitive, and
resistive values. These values are determined by physical parameters such as the
size of the conductors, distance between conductors, and the properties of the
cable’s insulation material.
Proper network operation depends on a constant characteristic impedance
throughout the system’s cables and connectors. Abrupt changes in characteristic
impedance, called impedance discontinuities or impedance anomalies, cause
signals reflections, which can distort signals transmitted through LAN cables and
cause network faults.

7-9
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Minimizing Impedance Discontinuities

Characteristic impedance is usually altered slightly by cable connections and
terminations. Sharp bends or kinks in LAN cable can also alter the cable’s
characteristic impedance. Networks can operate with small discontinuities because
the resulting signal reflections are small and are attenuated in the cable. Larger
impedance discontinuities can interfere with data transmission. Such
discontinuities are caused by poor electrical contacts, improper cable terminations,
mismatched cable or connector types, and by disturbances in the twisting pattern
of twisted pair cable.
You can avoid problems with impedance discontinuities by observing the
following precautions during installation:
• Never mix cables with different characteristic impedances (unless you use
special impedance-matching circuitry).
• Always terminate coaxial cables with a resistance equal to the cable’s
characteristic impedance. The terminating resistance prevents signal
reflections by absorbing the signal’s energy.
• When untwisting cable pairs to install connectors or make connections at
punch-down blocks, make the untwisted sections as short as possible.
• Do not make sharp bends or kinks in the cable. Check the cable manufacturer's
specifications for the minimum bend radius.
• Handle LAN cable carefully during installation. Do not step on the cable or
pinch it with tight cable ties.

7-10
 Basic Cable Testing
Crosstalk 7
Crosstalk
Crosstalk is undesirable signal transmission from one cable pair to another nearby
pair. Like electrical noise from outside sources, crosstalk can cause
communication problems in networks. Of all the characteristics of LAN cable
operation, crosstalk has the greatest effect on network performance.
The test tool makes two crosstalk measurements: NEXT and ELFEXT.

NEXT
The test tool measures NEXT (near-end crosstalk) by applying a test signal to one
cable pair and measuring the amplitude of the crosstalk signals received by the
other cable pairs. The NEXT value, expressed in decibels, is computed as the
difference in amplitude between the test signal and the crosstalk signal measured
at the same end of the cable. Higher NEXT values correspond to less crosstalk and
better cable performance.
All signals transmitted through a cable are affected by attenuation. Because of
attenuation, crosstalk occurring at the far end of a cable contributes less to NEXT
than crosstalk occurring closer to the signal source. To verify proper cable
performance, NEXT is measured from both ends of the cable.

7-11
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

FEXT and ELFEXT

FEXT (far-end crosstalk) is the difference between the amplitude of a far end test
signal applied to one wire pair and the resulting crosstalk at the near end on a
different wire pair. Like NEXT, FEXT is expressed in decibels, and higher FEXT
values correspond to better cable performance.
ELFEXT (equal level far-end crosstalk) is the difference between the FEXT and
the attenuation of the disturbed wire pair. Like ACR, ELFEXT is a type of signal-
to-noise ratio that indicates the transmission quality of a cable link. The name
"Equal Level FEXT" refers to the fact that all FEXT signals are attenuated equally.
Figure 7-8 illustrates this important difference between NEXT and FEXT.
Crosstalk signals received far from a transmitter contribute little to NEXT because
they are attenuated over a long distance. But all FEXT signals are attenuated by
the same amount, so they all contribute equally to crosstalk at the far end.
Because all FEXT signals travel the same distance, they tend to add up in phase.
This means that the signals always add up to a worst-case FEXT value.
There can be a difference between the NEXT and FEXT of a link, particularly in
the connecting hardware. This difference is due to the nature of the capacitive and
inductive currents that cause crosstalk. At a signal source (the near end) these
currents can subtract. If the currents subtracted at the near end, they add up at the
far end. Thus, a connector that attains high NEXT by balancing the two currents
may have very poor FEXT performance.
In cable, the inductive crosstalk component is very low. Most of the crosstalk is
due to the capacitive component. Because the difference between the two
components is nearly equal to the capacitive component, NEXT and FEXT are
nearly the same in a cable.
Because of how FEXT signals add up along a cable link, good ELFEXT
performance is critical for systems that transmit data over multiple wire pairs.
Examples of these systems are 100BASE-T4, 100VG-AnyLAN, and 1000BASE-T
(Gigabit Ethernet).

7-12
 Basic Cable Testing
FEXT and ELFEXT 7
Signal
source

A B

Resulting NEXT signal B travels farther than A

NEXT

Signal
source

D
C

FEXT signals C and D travel the same distance Resulting

(the length of the cable) FEXT

oy70f.eps
Figure 7-8. How FEXT Signals are All Equally Attenuated

7-13
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Locating NEXT and ELFEXT Problems

If the test tool reports a NEXT or ELFEXT failure on a cable pair, you can use the
HDTDX analyzer to locate the source of the crosstalk problem.
Like the HDTDR results, the HDTDX analyzer results are presented in both a list
and a plot format. The list format shows the cable pairs tested, the peak magnitude
of crosstalk detected on the pairs, and the distance to the peak magnitude.
The HDTDX analyzer plot shows the location and magnitude of all crosstalk
sources detected on the cable. The HDTDX test uses very short (2 ns) test pulses,
which help the test tool resolve smaller crosstalk problems, resulting in more
accurate distance-to-fault measurements and better definition of faults on plots.
Additionally, the test tool runs the HDTDX test from both ends of the cable for
improved visibility of far-end crosstalk problems. An example of an HDTDX
analyzer plot from a test on a good twisted pair cable is shown in Figure 7-9.
The plot’s horizontal scale represents the distance along the cable under test. In the
example plot, the cursor is placed at a small crosstalk source caused by a connector
77 ft (23.5 m) from the test tool.

oy32f.bmp
Figure 7-9. An HDTDX Analyzer Plot

7-14
 Basic Cable Testing
Locating NEXT and ELFEXT Problems 7
The vertical scale represents the magnitude of the crosstalk detected. The crosstalk
levels shown on the plot are adjusted to compensate for cable attenuation. Without
this adjustment, the peak on the right side of the plot (farther from the test tool)
would appear much smaller. The adjusted plot helps you identify crosstalk sources
because you can use the vertical scale to measure crosstalk magnitudes plotted at
any distance from the test tool. You can also compare the relative magnitudes of
crosstalk peaks to determine the largest sources of crosstalk on the cable.
The vertical scale increases logarithmically. The scale units are arbitrary. A level
of 50 represents a crosstalk magnitude that is close to causing a cable failure. The
level of 100 is approximately 20 times greater than the level of 50. A level of 100
represents an extremely high level of crosstalk that is typically due to split pairs.
Cables or other hardware that cause crosstalk levels of 100 or above are considered
unusable. Crosstalk levels near 0 are considered to be inconsequential.
The HDTDX plot from a cable that failed a NEXT test may show one or more
peaks of crosstalk greater than a level of 50. A failure can also be caused by a
crosstalk level less than 50 if the level is sustained over a substantial distance of
the cable.

7-15
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Split Pairs and NEXT

A split pair occurs when one wire from a cable pair is twisted together with a wire
from a different cable pair. Split pairs most frequently result from miswires at
punchdown blocks and cable connectors. Figure 7-10 shows an example of split
pair wiring. Notice that the pin-to-pin connections across the cable are correct, but
the pairs twisted together do not form a complete circuit.

1 1
2 2

3 3
6 6
Incorrect Wiring: Split Pair

oy33f.eps

Figure 7-10. Split Pair Wiring

Split pairs cause severe crosstalk because the signals in the twisted pairs come
from different circuits. The high crosstalk levels produced by split pairs cause low
NEXT values during cable tests. If the NEXT value is low enough, the test tool
reports a split pair during the wire map test.
The tool may also report split pairs if you test untwisted cable, such as ribbon
cable or untwisted telephone line.
If the tool reports split pairs when you are testing a cable made of multiple
segments, you can determine which segment has the split pair by running the
HDTDX analyzer. The HDTDX analyzer plot will show a large value of crosstalk
starting at a distance that corresponds to the beginning of the segment with the
split pair.

7-16
 Basic Cable Testing
Power Sum Values 7
Minimizing Crosstalk
Crosstalk problems are minimized by twisting together the two wires in each cable
pair. Twisting the two wires together causes the electromagnetic fields around the
wires to cancel out, leaving virtually no external field to transmit signals to nearby
cable pairs.
You can avoid problems with crosstalk by observing the following precautions
during installation:
• When untwisting cable pairs to install connectors or make connections at
punch-down blocks, make the untwisted sections as short as possible.
• Be attentive when making wiring connections. Wiring errors that cause split
pairs create severe crosstalk problems.
• Do not make sharp bends or kinks in the cable. Check the cable manufacturer’s
specifications for the minimum bend radius.
• Handle LAN cable carefully during installation. Do not step on the cable or
pinch it with tight cable ties.

Power Sum Values

Power sum values, such as PSNEXT, PSELFEXT, and PSACR, show how much a
wire pair is affected by the combined interference from the other pairs in the cable.
Power sum NEXT values show how much a pair is affected by the combined
NEXT from the other pairs. PSELFEXT values show the effects of the combined
FEXT. PSACR values show the ratio of a pair’s attenuation to the combined
NEXT of the other pairs.
Good power sum performance is important for higher speed networks, such as
1000BASE-T, that transmit data in parallel over multiple wire pairs. Though a
cable link may not be installed for use with parallel transmission systems,
verifying a link's power sum performances helps ensure successful upgrades in the
future.

7-17
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Propagation Delay and Delay Skew

Propagation delay is the time it takes an electrical signal to travel the length of a
wire. A wire pair’s delay depends on the pair’s length, twist rate, and electrical
properties, such as the type of insulating material used around the copper
conductors. Delays typically measure in the hundreds of nano seconds. (One nano
second is one-billionth of a second, or 0.000000001 second.)
The propagation delays of wire pairs in a link can differ slightly because of
differences in the number of twists and in the electrical properties of each pair. The
delay differences between pairs is called delay skew. Delay skew is a critical
parameter for high-speed networks that use parallel data transmission, which
involves transmitting data bits simultaneously over multiple wire pairs. If the delay
skew between the pairs is too great, the bits arrives out of synchronization and the
data cannot be properly reassembled. Systems that use parallel transmission
include 100BASE-T4, 100VG-AnyLAN, and 1000BASE-T (Gigabit Ethernet).
Though a cable link may not be intended for parallel transmission, testing for
delay skew helps ensure that the link will support upgrades to high-speed
networks.

7-18
 Basic Cable Testing
Nominal Velocity of Propagation (NVP) 7
Nominal Velocity of Propagation (NVP)
NVP is the speed of a signal through a cable relative to the speed of light. In a
vacuum, electrical signals travel at the speed of light. In a cable, signals travel
slower than the speed of light. Typically, the speed of an electrical signal in a cable
is between 60 % and 80 % of the speed of light. Figure 7-11 shows how the NVP
percentage is calculated.

Signal Speed 300,000,000 NVP m/s

in Cable
DSP-601 CABLE ANALYZER ADAPTER

DSP-658 CABLE ANALYZER

= 300,000,000 m/s

1 2 3 4 Speed Pulse Travels in Cable X 100%

Speed of Light
EXIT

INFO TALK

TEST ENTER SAVE

MONITOR
SINGLE
SETUP
TEST
AUTO PRINT
TEST

SPECIAL
OFF FUNCTIONS

oy34f.eps

Figure 7-11. How NVP is Calculated

NVP values affect the limits on cable length for Ethernet systems because Ethernet
operation depends on the system’s ability to detect collisions in a specified amount
of time. If a cable’s NVP is too low or the cable is too long, signals are delayed
and the system cannot detect collisions soon enough to prevent serious problems in
the network.

7-19
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

NVP and Length Measurements

Length measurements depend directly on the NVP value entered for the selected
cable type. To measure length, the test tool first measures the time it takes for a
test pulse to travel the length of the cable. The test tool then calculates cable length
by multiplying the travel time by the signal speed in the cable.
Because the test tool uses the length measurement to determine cable resistance
limits, the NVP value also affects the accuracy of resistance measurements.

NVP Calibration
The NVP values specified for standard cables are included in the cable
specifications stored in the test tool. These values are accurate enough for most
length measurements. However, the actual NVP for one cable type can vary up to
20 % between batches because of variations in the manufacturing process.
Therefore, if accurate length measurements are critical to your installation or
testing process, you should determine the actual NVP value for each spool of
cable. Determining the NVP value involves measuring a known length of cable
and adjusting the test tool’s length measurement to match the known length. As
you adjust the length measurement, the NVP value changes accordingly. The
calibration procedure is explained in “NVP Calibration” in Chapter 6.

High-Definition Time Domain Reflectometry (HDTDR)

HDTDR is a measurement technique used to determine a cable’s length and
characteristic impedance and to locate faults along the cable. Time Domain
Reflectometry is sometimes referred to as cable radar because it involves
analyzing signal reflections in the cable.
If a signal traveling through a cable encounters an abrupt change in the cable’s
impedance, some or all of the signal is reflected back to the source. The timing,
size, and polarity of the reflected signals indicate the location and nature of
impedance anomalies in the cable.
The test tool applies very short (2 ns) test pulses to the cable under test. The short
pulses help the test tool resolve smaller anomalies, resulting in more accurate
distance-to-fault measurements and better definition of faults on plots. The test is
run from both ends of the cable (if the remote is used) for improved visibility of
far-end anomalies.

7-20
 Basic Cable Testing
High-Definition Time Domain Reflectometry (HDTDR) 7
Reflections from Opens
An open, or break, in the cable represents an abrupt increase in the cable’s
impedance. The impedance of an open is nearly infinite. In an open cable, a
signal’s energy is not dissipated by a terminating impedance, so the signal bounces
back towards the source. This reflection appears at the source with the same
amplitude and polarity as the original signal, as shown in Figure 7-12. By
measuring the amount of time taken for the reflected pulse to return, the test tool
can determine the location of the open in the cable.

Cable End of Fault

Transmitted Pulse
DSP-601

Open
OFF

FAULT

1
INFO

EXIT
AUTO
TEST

TEST
SINGLE

CABLE ANALYZER ADAPTER

TEST

DSP-658

Reflected Pulse
2
MONITOR

ENTER

CABLE ANALYZER
3
SETUP

SAVE
PRINT

TALK

4
FUNCTIONS
SPECIAL

Transmitted Pulse
DSP-601

Short
OFF

FAULT

1
INFO

EXIT
AUTO
TEST

TEST
SINGLE

CABLE ANALYZER ADAPTER

TEST

DSP-658

Reflected Pulse
2
MONITOR

ENTER

CABLE ANALYZER
3
SETUP

SAVE
PRINT

TALK

4
FUNCTIONS
SPECIAL

Transmitted Pulse
DSP-601

Terminator
OFF

FAULT

1
INFO

EXIT
AUTO
TEST

TEST
SINGLE

CABLE ANALYZER ADAPTER

TEST

DSP-658

No Reflected Pulse (Matches cable

2
MONITOR

ENTER

CABLE ANALYZER

characteristic
3
SETUP

SAVE

impedance)
PRINT

TALK

4
FUNCTIONS
SPECIAL

oy35f.eps

Figure 7-12. Signals Reflected from an Open, Shorted, and Terminated Cable

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Reflections from Shorts

A short represents an abrupt decrease in the impedance between the two
conductors in a cable. A short is caused when the insulation surrounding a cable’s
wires is damaged, allowing the wires to touch each other. The result is a near-zero
impedance connection between the conductors.
A short also causes signal reflections, but in a manner opposite of an open. In a
shorted cable, the signal’s energy is not dissipated because the short’s impedance
is close to zero. The signal is reflected back to the source, where it appears with
the same amplitude but a polarity opposite of the original signal, as shown in
Figure 7-12.

Reflections from Other Anomalies

Reflections are also caused by impedance anomalies that measure somewhere
between infinite and zero impedance. These anomalies can be caused by
mechanical stress that damages cable wire or insulation without causing a
complete open or short. They can also be caused by cable mismatches and faulty
contacts at connectors or punch-down blocks.
A cable fault that has an impedance higher than the cable’s characteristic
impedance reflects a signal that has the same polarity as the original signal. If the
fault is not a complete open, the amplitude of the reflected signal will be less than
the original signal.
If the fault’s impedance is lower than the cable’s characteristic impedance, but is
not a complete short, the reflected signal will have the opposite polarity and less
amplitude than the original signal.

7-22
 Basic Cable Testing
High-Definition Time Domain Reflectometry (HDTDR) 7
Cable Termination
Because signal reflections can distort the shape of communication signals, the
unused ends of cable segments must be terminated to prevent reflections. The
terminating device is a resistor with a value equal to the cable’s characteristic
impedance. A signal reaching the terminator is neither reflected nor passed: the
signal is absorbed and dissipated by the terminating resistance.
Because the test tool relies on signal reflections to determine cable length, the tool
cannot measure the length of properly terminated cables.

Interpreting the HDTDR Plot

The HDTDR plot has a horizontal scale that represents distance and a vertical
scale that represents the percentage of reflection relative to the original signal, as
shown in Figure 7-13.

oy36f.bmp
Figure 7-13. An HDTDR Plot

Notice that the reflection percentages can be positive or negative. A positive value
indicates that the polarity of the reflection is the same as the polarity of the original
signal. As discussed earlier, positive reflections are caused by abrupt increases in
the cable’s impedance, such as those caused by mismatches in cable types, poor
connections, or breaks in the cable.

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

A negative reflection percentage indicates that the polarity of the reflection is the
opposite of the original signal. Negative reflections are caused by abrupt decreases
in the cable’s impedance, such as those caused by mismatches in cable types or
shorts on the cable.
The results plotted in Figure 7-13 are the results from an HDTDR test on pair 4,5
in a good twisted pair cable. The results show a positive anomaly caused by the
open end of the cable at about 219 feet. Note that the left edge of an HDTDR
reflection represents the location of the anomaly on the cable, while the peak of the
reflection represents the size of the anomaly.
The test tool’s HDTDR plot includes a movable cursor with a readout that displays
the cursor’s position and the reflection percentage of the anomaly at the cursor’s
position. You can move the cursor left and right by pressing the L R keys on the
test tool. Figure 7-13 shows the cursor positioned near the beginning of an
anomaly.

ACR
ACR (attenuation to crosstalk ratio) is the difference between NEXT in dB and
attenuation in dB. The ACR value indicates how the amplitude of signals received
from a far-end transmitter compares to the amplitude of crosstalk produced by
near-end transmissions. A high ACR value means that the received signals are
much larger than the crosstalk. In terms of NEXT and attenuation values, a high
ACR value corresponds to high NEXT and low attenuation.

7-24
 Basic Cable Testing
ACR 7
Figure 7-14 shows a plot of NEXT and attenuation limits, along with the resulting
ACR plot. Notice that the ACR is lower where NEXT and attenuation values are
near each other.

70.0

60.0

50.0
Limit in dB

40.0
NEXT
GOOD
30.0
ACR
GOOD
20.0
ATTEN.
GOOD
10.0

0.0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Frequency in MHz

oy37f.eps

Figure 7-14. A Plot of NEXT, Attenuation, and the Resulting ACR

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

RL
RL (return loss) is the difference between the power of a transmitted signal and the
power of the signal reflections caused by variations in the cable’s impedance. A
RL plot indicates how well a cable’s impedance matches its rated impedance over
a range of frequencies. High RL values mean a close impedance match, which
results in a large difference between the powers of transmitted and reflected
signals. Cables with high RL values are more efficient at transmitting LAN signals
because little of the signal is lost in reflections.
Good return loss is especially important for high-speed systems, such as Gigabit
Ethernet (IEEE 802.3x), that transmit full-duplex (bi-directional) data over
individual pairs. Full-duplex transceivers use directional couplers to distinguish
between incoming and outgoing signals. If a cable has poor return loss, the
couplers might interpret the reflected signals as incoming data, resulting in data
errors.

7-26
 Basic Cable Testing
Troubleshooting Basics 7
Troubleshooting Basics
Troubleshooting LAN cable installations is most often required during cable
installation or modification. When cable is handled carefully and installed
correctly, it usually operates trouble-free for years.

Finding Cable Faults

A general rule for finding cable faults is as follows: With very few exceptions,
faults occur at cable connections. Cable connections include telecommunication
outlets, patch panels, punchdown blocks, and transition connectors.
Connections are the most likely places for faults for at least three reasons: (1)
Connections always alter the impedance of the transmission path, (2) connections
are likely places for faults caused by wiring errors and faulty or incompatible
hardware installation, and (3) connections always cause some crosstalk due to the
untwisting of cable pairs.
When cable is handled carelessly, faults can occur in the middle of the cable.
These faults can happen when the cable is stepped on, sharply bent, pinched by
cable ties or other hardware, or otherwise stressed.
A general procedure for finding cable faults (excluding sources of noise and traffic
faults) involves the following steps:
1. Run an Autotest on the cable.
2. If the Autotest fails, press F for specific information on the fault.
3. Inspect the cable for the suggested fault at the location indicated by the
diagnostics display.
4. Repair any faults you find. To quickly check your repair, run the test that
failed as a Single Test.
5. Run the Autotest again to verify the cable’s performance.
Table 7-1 on the next four pages shows examples of test tool displays for some
typical cable faults.

7-27
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Table 7-1. Identifying Cable Faults

Test Failure Likely Causes of Failure

Wire map: open Wires connected to wrong pins at connector or punchdown

blocks.
Faulty connections.
Cables routed to the wrong location.
Wires broken by stress at connections.
Damaged connector.
Cuts or breaks in cable.

Wire map: split pair Wires connected to wrong pins at connector or punchdown
blocks.

Wire map: reversed pairs Wires connected to wrong pins at connector or punchdown
blocks.

Wire map: crossed pairs Wires connected to wrong pins at connectors or punchdown
blocks.
Mix of 568A and 568B wiring standards (1, 2 and 3, 6 crossed).
Crossover cables used where not needed (1, 2 and 3, 6 crossed).

7-28
 Basic Cable Testing
Troubleshooting Basics 7
Table 7-1. Identifying Cable Faults (continued)

Wire Map Display Diagnostics Display (F) Plot

Wire map display showing an

open on wire 1 near the main
unit.

oy57i.bmp oy58i.bmp

Wire map display showing a

split pair on pairs 3,6 and 4,5.

oy59i.bmp oy60i.bmp

Wire map display showing

reversed pair on pair 1,2.

oy74i.bmp

Wire map display showing

crossed pairs on 1,2 and 3,6.

oy75i.bmp

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DSP-4000 Series
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Table 7-1. Identifying Cable Faults (continued)

Test Failure Likely Causes of Failure

Wire map: short Wires connected to wrong pins at connector or punchdown

blocks.
Conductive material stuck between pins at a connection.
Damage to cable insulation.

NEXT or ELFEXT Excessive untwisting of pairs at connection.

Insufficient quality of connecting hardware.
Damage to cable (pinches, kinks, etc.).
Damaged connector.
Insufficient cable quality.

Impedance anomaly Poor connection between two lengths of cable.

detected
Damage to cable (pinches, kinks, etc.)
Taps into wire pair. (Twisted pair cable should never be tapped.)
Excessive loading at coaxial cable tap.
Mismatch of cable types.
Incorrect terminator value.

7-30
 Basic Cable Testing
Troubleshooting Basics 7
Table 7-1. Identifying Cable Faults (continued)

Wire Map Display Diagnostics Display (F) Plot

Wire map display showing

short between pins 1 and 3.

oy64i.bmp oy65i.bmp

NEXT test fails.

oy66i.bmp oy67i.bmp

Impedance anomaly is
detected.
HDTDR plot shows an
impedance anomaly caused
by a 150 Ω cable segment in
a 100 Ω run.

oy68i.bmp oy70i.bmp

7-31
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

7-32
 Chapter 8
Maintenance and Specifications

Chapter 8 provides the following information:

• Instructions for cleaning and storing the test tool.
• Instructions for replacing batteries.
• A troubleshooting guide to use when the test tool is not operating correctly.
• Instructions for returning the unit for repair.
• A list of replacement parts and accessories.
• Electrical and mechanical specifications.

Maintenance
XWarning
To avoid possible fire, electric shock, personal injury, or
damage to the test tool
• Use only specified replacement parts.
• Do not let water get into the case.
• Remove all input signals before opening the case.
• Use only Fluke Networks authorized service centers.

8-1
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Cleaning and Storage

Clean the test tool and remote with a soft cloth dampened with water or water and
a mild soap.

Caution
To avoid damaging the display or the case, do not use
solvents or abrasive cleansers.
If you are storing the test tool or remote for an extended period of time, charge the
NiMH battery pack before storing. Do not remove the battery pack. Removing the
battery pack for extended periods shortens the life of the backup lithium battery.

Replacing the NiMH Battery Pack

Replace the NiMH battery pack when its life between full charges becomes
noticeably shorter. The battery is normally good for up to 1,000 charge/discharge
cycles. Figure 8-1 shows how to remove the battery pack.

BATTERY ACCESS

BATTERY ACCESS

1 BATTERY ACCESS
3
2

oy39f.eps
Figure 8-1. Removing the NiMH Battery Pack

Note
The ac adapter/charger will not power the test tool when the battery
pack is removed.

8-2
 Maintenance and Specifications
If the Test Tool Fails 8
Internal Lithium Backup Battery
A lithium battery maintains the test tool’s memory contents when you remove the
NiMH battery pack. The memory contents maintained are the stored Autotest
reports, all SETUP settings, self-calibration and NVP calibration data, custom test
configurations, and the report identification information.
The lithium battery lasts about five years if you always keep the main battery
installed. Removing the main battery pack for extended periods shortens the life of
the lithium battery.
When the lithium battery voltage is low, have the battery replaced at a Fluke
Networks Service Center. See the later section “Service Center Repair” for
shipping and warranty information.

If the Test Tool Fails

If the test tool does not operate properly, refer to Table 8-1 on the next page for
troubleshooting procedures. If the self-test fails, return the unit for service as
described in “Service Center Repair.”

Service Center Repair

If the test tool requires service, call an authorized Fluke Networks Service Center
for return instructions.
A test tool covered under warranty will be promptly repaired or replaced (at Fluke
Network’s option) and returned to you, postage paid, at no charge. See the
registration card for warranty terms. If the warranty has lapsed, Fluke Networks
will repair the test tool for a fixed fee and return it to you postage paid. Contact the
nearest Service Center for information and repair prices.
To contact Fluke Networks, refer to “Contacting Fluke Networks” in Chapter 1.

8-3
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Table 8-1. Troubleshooting the Test Tool

Symptom 1: Display is blank

Press C. The test tool may have switched to low-power mode.
Connect the ac adapter/charger. The battery pack may need charging.
Hold down C for 2 seconds, then hold down U for 5 seconds. The display contrast may be too
low.
Hold down C for 2 seconds, then hold down D for 5 seconds. The display contrast may be too
high.
Symptom 2: Remote unit is not detected.
Charge or replace the battery in the remote.
Verify that the cable is securely connected to the main and remote units.
Connect the remote with a different cable. The cable you are using may be defective.
Check the connectors on the main and remote units for damage.
Symptom 3: Test results appear to be incorrect.
Perform a self-test to verify correct operation. See “Performing a Self-Test” in Chapter 2 for
details.
Verify that the test standard, cable type, temperature, and power line frequency (all in SETUP)
are correctly set. See Chapter 2 for details.
Perform a self-calibration. See “Calibrating the Test Tool” in Chapter 6 for details.
Perform a NVP calibration. See “Calibrating the NVP Value” in Chapter 6 for details.
Symptom 4: Internal fault detected.
Note any error number displayed. Turn the unit off, then turn it on again. Stored data may be
lost.
If the error occurs again, contact a Fluke Networks Service Center for assistance.
Symptom 5: Test tool does not operate with ac adapter/charger connected.
Verify that the NiMH battery pack is installed. The ac adapter/charger will not power the test tool
if the battery is removed.
Turn off the test tool; then charge the battery for about 30 minutes before resuming operation.
Replace the NiMH battery pack.
Symptom 6: Self calibration fails.
See “Calibrating the Test Tool” in Chapter 6 for details.
Symptom 7: Test tool is locked in the power-on sequence.
Turn off the test tool; then charge the battery for about 30 minutes before resuming operation.

8-4
 Maintenance and Specifications
If the Test Tool Fails 8
Replacement Parts
Table 8-2 lists the replacement parts for the test tool and the remote. To order
replacement parts, contact Fluke Networks as described in Chapter 1.
Refer to the Fiber Test Adapters users manual for replacement parts for an optional
fiber test adapter.

Table 8-2. Replacement Parts

Description Part Number

NiMH battery pack 668225
AC adapter/charger, North America version 106200
AC adapter/charger, international version 944223
Battery door, main unit and remote 938357
DSP-4000 Calibration Module 675611
Multimedia card reader 1574455
Cable, 50 Ω BNC coaxial, 1 m (3’) 927876
Cable, 9-pin PC interface 944806
Adapter, RJ45 to BNC 642402
Case bottom, main and remote units, DSP-4000 and DSP-4100 625415
Case top, DSP-4000 and DSP-4100 main units 662541
Lens for main unit, DSP-4000 662590
Lens for main unit, DSP-4100 1575876
Case top, remote, DSP-4000 and DSP-4100 662558
Lens for remote, DSP-4000 662608
Lens for remote, DSP-4100 1575883
Side connector plate, DSP-4000 665213
Side connector plate, DSP-4100 1568371
Bail 938340
Strap 946769
Soft carrying case 669655

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Table 8-2. Replacement Parts (cont.)

Description Part Number

Users manual, English 1580351
Users manual, French 1580372
Users manual, Spanish 1580360
Users manual, German 1580385
Users manual, Italian 1580397
Users manual, Portuguese 1580426
Users manual, Simplified Chinese 1580415
Users manual, Japanese 1580403
CableManager software* DSP-CMS
* You can download this software for free from the Fluke Networks website.

Note
For a list of the optional link interface adapters currently available,
refer to the sheet included with your test tool. Or, contact Fluke
Networks as described in this chapter under “Service Center
Repair”.

8-6
 Maintenance and Specifications
If the Test Tool Fails 8
Options and Accessories
Table 8-3 lists the options and accessories available for the test tool.

Note
For the latest list of accessories, visit the Fluke Networks website at
www.flukenetworks.com.

Table 8-3. Options and Accessories

Description Model Number

DSP-LIA011S Basic Link Adapters for Cat 5E (2 per set) DSP-LIA011S
DSP-LIA012S Channel Adapters for Cat 5E (2 per set) DSP-LIA012S
DSP-LIA013 Channel/Traffic Adapter for Cat 5E DSP-LIA013
DSP-FTA410S Fiber Test Adapter (multimode LED source, 850 nm and DSP-FTA410S
1300 nm)
Multimedia card reader DSP-MCR
16 MB multimedia card DSP-MMC16
30 MB multimedia card DSP-MMC32
Fiber jack accessory kit, small form factor, 62.5 µm multimode NFK1-FJ
LC accessory kit, small form factor, 62.5 µm multimode NFK1-LC
MT-RJ accessory kit, small form factor, 62.5 µm multimode NFK1-MTRJ
VF-45 accessory kit, small form factor, 62.5 µm multimode NFK1-VF45
External charger for NiMH battery BC7217
Soft carrying case C791
DSP-FOM (fiber optic meter) DSP-FOM
DSP-FTK (fiber test kit: meter and multimode source) DSP-FTK
LS-1310/1550 Laser Source LS-1310/1550
140 A-Bug Tone Probe 140 A-Bug
FT120 (200X) or FT140 (400X) Optical Fiber Inspection Scope FT120 or FT140

8-7
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Specifications
WWarning
Under no circumstances is this product intended for
direct connection to telephony inputs, systems, or
equipment, including ISDN inputs. Doing so is a
misapplication of this product, which could result in
damage to the test tool and create a potential shock
hazard to the user.
Under no circumstances should the CABLE TEST input
be connected to LAN inputs, systems, or equipment.
Doing so is a misapplication of this product, which could
result in damage to the test tool and create a potential
shock hazard to the user.

Calculated Measurement Accuracy

All Basic Link, Permanent Link, and Channel “Measurement Accuracy”
specifications are calculated from the individual parameters using formulas
defined in draft TIA guidelines. These TIA guidelines are currently in draft form,
and future revisions may cause the calculated accuracies to change. This manual
uses the TIA guidelines available at the time of printing for calculating
Measurement Accuracy.

Traceable Calibration Period

One year.

8-8
 Maintenance and Specifications
Specifications 8
Self-Calibration Period
To ensure maximum accuracy of test results, perform the self-calibration
procedure, as described in “Calibrating the Test Tool” in Chapter 6, every 30 days.

Notes
All specifications for tests on twisted pair cable apply to cable with
100 Ω of characteristic impedance. Contact Fluke Networks for
information on measurement performance on cabling with
characteristic impedance other than 100 Ω.

Compatibility with Remotes and Link Interface Adapters

The DSP-4100 test tool is compatible only with a DSP-4100SR remote unit. The
DSP-4100 remote is not compatible with DSP-100, DSP-2000, or DSP-4000 test
tools. The LIAs are not compatible with DSP-100 or DSP-2000 test tools.
The test tool can store calibration data for two different remotes.
Standard Link Interface Adapters
DSP-LIA011 Basic Link Adapter for Cat 5E
Plug type and life: shielded Cat 5 RJ45; >5000 insertions
Cable type: 100 Ω Cat 6 SsTP
Test supported: shielded and unshielded cable, TIA Cat 3, 4, 5, and 5E basic
links, and ISO/IEC, EN50173 Class C and D permanent links
DSP-LIA012 Channel Adapter for Cat 5E
Plug type and life: shielded Cat 5 RJ45; >5000 insertions
Tests supported: shielded and unshielded cable, TIA Cat 3, 4, 5, and 5E
channels, and ISO/IEC Class C and D channels

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DSP-4000 Series
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Cable Types Tested

Shielded and unshielded twisted pair (STP and UTP) LAN cabling:
TIA Category 3, 4, 5, 5E, and 6 100 Ω
ISO/IEC Class C and D 100 Ω and 120 Ω
Foil-screened twisted pair cables (ScTP):
TIA Category 3, 4, 5, 5E, and 6 100 Ω
ISO/IEC Class C and D 100 Ω and 120 Ω
Shielded twisted pair cables (STP): 150 Ω
(IBM Type 1, 6, and 9; IBM interface adapter required).
Coaxial cables (connect with the RJ45 to BNC adapter):
Thicknet (10BASE5; adapter required)
Thinnet (10BASE2)
RG-58, RG-58 foam, RG-59, RG-59 foam, RG-8, RG-8A/U, and RG-62.

Note
For availability of additional adapters that allow testing to higher
transmission performance standards (TIA Category 6 or ISO/IEC
Class E and F), different cabling types, or fiber optic cabling,
contact Fluke Networks for details.

8-10
 Maintenance and Specifications
Specifications 8
Test Standards
Note
Refer to the test standards document included on the CableManager
CD for more details on test standards.
Test Standard Link Type

TIA Category 3 and 5E per Addendum #5 basic link or channel

to TIA/EIA-568A
TIA Category 5 (new) per TIA TSB-95 basic link or channel
TIA Category 6 per TIA Addendum #1 permanent link or channel
to TIA/EIA-568B (draft)
ISO/IEC-11801-2000 Class C and D (new) permanent link or channel
ISO/IEC-11801-2000+ Class E (draft) permanent link or channel
STP cabling, (IBM Type 1, 150 Ω)
ANSI TP-PMD Ethernet with coaxial cabling
IEEE 802.3 10BASE5, 10BASE2
IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T Ethernet with twisted pair cabling
IEEE 802.5 Token Ring, 4 Mb/s or 16 Mb/s

Additional test standards are available. For information on additional test

standards, testing to higher cabling performance standards or different cabling
types (including fiber optic cabling) contact Fluke Networks.
Fiber optic test standards are supported when using the optional Fiber Test
Adapters. See those products’ manuals for more information.

Time for Autotest

Full 2-way Autotest of Category 5 UTP cable in approximately 10 seconds.

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Length
Twisted Pair Cable Coaxial Cable

Range 0 ft to 328 ft 328 ft to 2500 ft 0 ft to 328 ft 328 ft to 4000 ft

(0 m - 100 m) (100 m - 762 m) (0 -100 m) (100 m - 1219 m)
Resolution 1 ft or 0.1 m 1 ft or 0.1 m 1 ft or 0.1 m 1 ft or 0.1 m
Accuracy ± (1 ft (0.3 m) ± (1 ft (0.3 m) ± (1 ft (0.3 m) ± (1 ft (0.3 m)
+ 2 % of reading) + 4 % of reading) + 2 % of reading) + 4 % of reading)

Note
Specifications are relative to calibrated value using a representative
reference cable. Variations occur because of variations in the cable
manufacturing process.

Propagation Delay
Twisted Pair Cable Coaxial Cable

Range 0 ns to 500 ns 500 ns to 3800 ns 0 ns to 500 ns 500 ns to 6000 ns

Resolution 1 ns 1 ns 1 ns 1 ns
Accuracy ±(5 ns + 2 % of ±(5 ns + 4 % of ±(5 ns + 2 % of ±(5 ns + 4 % of
reading) reading) reading) reading)

Delay Skew
Twisted Pair Cable

Range 0 ns to 100 ns
Resolution 1 ns
Accuracy ± 10 ns

DC Loop Resistance Test

Range: 0 Ω to 400 Ω
Accuracy: ±(2 Ω +2 % of reading)
Resolution: 0.1 Ω
Overload recovery time: Less than 10 minutes to rated accuracy following an
overvoltage. Self-calibration is required after repeated or prolonged overvoltage.

8-12
 Maintenance and Specifications
Specifications 8
Typical Measurement Accuracy
The DSP-4000 and DSP-4100 test tools substantially exceed the measurement
accuracy requirements of draft Level III TIA and IEC proposals. Typical
measurement accuracy is determined as follows:
• For each performance parameter (for example, source/load return loss, residual
NEXT, etc.) at every frequency, the worst result for any wire pair or wire-pair
combination is obtained.
• The values of the worst case wire pair or wire pair combinations are
substituted in the accuracy equation given by TIA and IEC guidelines.
• Worst case assumptions for link performance that affect measurement
accuracy are used. These include the assumptions for link return loss,
common-mode-to-differential-mode gain, and differential-to-common-mode
gain.
Figure 8-2 shows typical baseline measurement accuracy at TIA Cat 6/ISO/IEC
Class E channel limits. The values are calculated using the worst case for each
performance parameter specified for field cable testers.

5.0
4.5
4.0
Accuracy in dB

3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
ELFEXT
1.5
NEXT
1.0 Insertion loss
0.5 Return Loss
0.0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Frequency in MHz

oy83f.eps
Figure 8-2. Typical Measurement Accuracy

8-13
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Worst Case Measurement Accuracy

Worst case measurement accuracy based on TIA and IEC draft requirements is
summarized in Table 8-4. The measured values are based on draft TIA/EIA Cat 6
and ISO/IEC Class E Channel pass/fail limits.

Table 8-4. Worst Case Measurement Accuracy

100MHz 250MHz
At At
Link Measured Measured
Parameter Configuration Accuracy Value Accuracy Value

Attenuation Baseline/Basic Link ± 1.2 dB 21.0 dB ± 1.8 36.0 dB

(Insertion Permanent Link ± 1.3 dB 21.0 dB ± 2.1 dB 36.0 dB
Loss)
Channel ± 1.4 dB 21.0 dB ± 2.5 dB 36.0 dB
NEXT Loss Baseline/Basic Link ± 1.7 dB 39.9 dB ± 2.6 dB 33.1 dB
Permanent Link ± 1.9 dB 39.9 dB ± 3.1 dB 33.1 dB
Channel ± 2.0 dB 39.9 dB ± 3.5 dB 33.1 dB
Power Sum Baseline/Basic Link ± 1.8 dB 37.1 dB ± 3.2 dB 30.2 dB
NEXT Loss
(PSNEXT) Permanent Link ± 2.0 dB 37.1 dB ± 3.2 dB 30.2 dB
Channel ± 2.1 dB 37.1 dB ± 3.5 dB 30.2 dB
ELFEXT Baseline/Basic Link ± 2.0 dB 23.3 dB ± 3.5 dB 15.3 dB
Permanent Link ± 2.2 dB 23.3 dB ± 4.1 dB 15.3 dB
Channel ± 3.4 dB 23.3 dB ± 5.0 dB 15.3 dB
Power Sum Baseline/Basic Link ± 2.0 dB 20.3 dB ± 3.7 dB 12.3 dB
ELFEXT
(PSELFEXT) Permanent Link ± 2.3 dB 20.3 dB ± 4.2 dB 12.3 dB
Channel ± 3.7 dB 20.3 dB ± 5.3 dB 12.3 dB
Return Loss Baseline/Basic Link ± 2.4 dB 12.0 dB ± 2.2 dB 8.0 dB
Permanent Link ± 3.0 dB 12.0 dB ± 3.9 dB 8.0 dB
Channel ± 2.8 dB 12.0 dB ± 3.8 dB 8.0 dB

8-14
 Maintenance and Specifications
Specifications 8
The tables in the sections that follow summarize the guidelines for computing
measurement accuracy for Level III field cable testers.

Attenuation (Insertion Loss)

Parameter Specification 100 MHz 250 MHz

Frequency Range 1 MHz to 350 MHz. Range is determined by NA NA

the selected test standard.
Step sizes <31.4 MHz: 100 kHz NA NA
31.4 MHz to 100 MHz: 200 kHz
100 MHz to 350 MHz: 500 kHz
Amplitude Range 0 dB to >40 dB NA NA
Resolution 0.1 dB NA NA
Dynamic Accuracy ±0.75 dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz ± 0.75 dB ± 0.75 dB
(up to test limit + 3 dB)
Return Loss for 20 - 12.5 log (f/100) dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz; 20 dB 15 dB
Baseline/Basic Link 20 dB maximum
Return Loss for 18 - 12.5 log (f/100) dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz; 18 dB 13 dB
Permanent Link and 20 dB maximum
Channel

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

NEXT and Power Sum NEXT (PSNEXT)

Parameter Specification 100 MHz 250 MHz

Frequency Range 1 MHz to 350 MHz. Range is determined by NA NA

the selected test standard.
Step sizes <31.4 MHz: 100 kHz NA NA
31.4 MHz to 100 MHz: 200 kHz
100 MHz to 350 MHz: 500 kHz
Amplitude Range 0 dB to 10 dB beyond the test limit NA NA
Resolution 0.1 dB NA NA
Dynamic Accuracy Better than ±0.75 dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz. ± 0.75 dB ± 0.75 dB
(up to test limit + 3 dB)
Return Loss for 20 - 12.5 log (f/100) dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz; 20 dB 15 dB
Baseline/Basic Link 20 dB maximum
Return Loss for Permanent 18 - 12.5 log (f/100) dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz; 18 dB 13 dB
Link and Channel 20 dB maximum
Random Noise Floor 75 - 15 log (f/100) dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz; 75 dB 69 dB
85 dB maximum
Output Signal Balance for 40 - 20 log (f/100) dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz; 40 dB 32 dB
Baseline/Basic Link 60 dB maximum
Output Signal Balance for 37 - 20 log (f/100) dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz; 37 dB 29 dB
Permanent Link and 60 dB maximum
Channel
Common Mode Rejection 40 - 20 log (f/100) dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz; 40 dB 32 dB
for Baseline/Basic Link 60 dB maximum
Common Mode Rejection 37 - 20 log (f/100) dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz; 37 dB 29 dB
for Permanent Link and 60 dB maximum
Channel
Residual NEXT Loss 65 - 20 log (f/100) dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz; 65 dB 57 dB
85 dB maximum

8-16
 Maintenance and Specifications
Specifications 8
ELFEXT and Power Sum ELFEXT (PSELFEXT)
Parameter Specification 100 MHz 250 MHz

Frequency Range 1 MHz to 350 MHz . Range is determined by NA NA

the selected test standard.
Step sizes <31.4 MHz: 100 kHz NA NA
31.4 MHz to 100 MHz: 200 kHz
100 MHz to 350 MHz: 500 kHz
Amplitude Range 0 dB to 10 dB beyond test limit NA NA
Resolution 0.1 dB NA NA
Dynamic Accuracy for ±1.0 dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz ±1.0 dB ±1.0 dB
ELFEXT
(up to test limit + 3 dB)
Return Loss for 20 - 12.5 log (f/100) dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz; 20 dB 15 dB
Baseline/Basic Link 20 dB maximum
Return Loss for Permanent 18 - 12.5 log (f/100) dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz; 18 dB 13 dB
Link and Channel 20 dB maximum
Random Noise Floor 75 - 15 log (f/100) dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz; 75 dB 69 dB
85 dB maximum
Output Signal Balance for 40 - 20 log (f/100) dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz; 40 dB 32 dB
Baseline/Basic Link 60 dB maximum
Output Signal Balance for 37 - 20 log (f/100) dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz; 37 dB 29 dB
Permanent Link and 60 dB maximum
Channel
Common Mode Rejection for 40 - 20 log (f/100) dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz; 40 dB 32 dB
Baseline/Basic Link 60 dB maximum
Common Mode Rejection for 37 - 20 log (f/100) dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz; 37 dB 29 dB
Permanent Link and 60 dB maximum
Channel
Residual FEXT Loss for 65 - 20 log (f/100) dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz; 65 dB 57 dB
Baseline/Basic Link 85 dB maximum
Residual FEXT Loss for 43.1 - 20 log (f/100) dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz; 43.1 dB 35.1 dB
Permanent Link/Channel 85 dB maximum

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Return Loss
Parameter Specification 100 MHz 250 MHz

Frequency Range 1 MHz to 350 MHz NA NA

Step sizes <31.4 MHz: 100 kHz NA NA
31.4 MHz to 100 MHz: 200 kHz
100 MHz to 350 MHz: 500 kHz
Amplitude Range 0 dB to 40 dB NA NA
Amplitude Resolution 0.1 dB NA NA
Directivity for 27 - 7 log (f/100) dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz; 27 dB 24.2 dB
Baseline/Basic Link 30 dB maximum
Directivity for Permanent 25 - 20 log (f/100) dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz; 25 dB 17 dB
Link and Channel 25 dB maximum
Tracking 0.5 dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz 0.5 dB 0.5 dB
Source Match for 20 dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz 20 dB 20 dB
Baseline/Basic Link
Source Match for 20 - 20 log (f/100) dB, 1 to 250 MHz; 20 dB 12 dB
Permanent Link and 20 dB maximum
Channel
Return Loss of Termination 20 - 15 log (f/100) dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz; 20 dB 14 dB
for Baseline/Basic Link 25 dB maximum.
Return Loss of Termination 16 - 15 log (f/100) dB, 1 MHz to 250 MHz; 16 dB 10 dB
for Permanent Link and 25 dB maximum.
Channel
Note: Return Loss specifications apply to 100 Ω cable only.

8-18
 Maintenance and Specifications
Specifications 8
HDTDX Analyzer Specifications for Cables <100 m (328 ft)
The following performance is typical for cables less than 100 m (328 ft):
Distance accuracy: ±(1 ft (0.3 m) + 2 % distance)
Distance resolution: 1 ft or 0.1 m

HDTDR Specifications for Cables <100 m (328 ft)

The specifications below are for HDTDR tests on cables less than 100 m (328 ft)
long.
Twisted Pair Cable Coaxial Cable

Distance accuracy ±(1 ft (0.3 m) + 2 % distance) ±(1 ft (0.3 m) + 2 % distance)

Distance resolution 1 ft or 0.1 m 1 ft or 0.1 m

Impulse Noise
Adjustable from 10 mV to 500 mV in 10 mV steps. The default threshold is
270 mV.
Monitors either polarity of noise on pair 3, 6.
Minimum detectable impulse width: 10 ns

Characteristic Impedance
The test tool reports an estimate of the cable's impedance at 4 m from the
beginning of the link. The accuracy of the measurement is relative to a 100 Ω
terminating resistance.
Twisted Pair Cable Coaxial Cable

Range 70 Ω - 180 Ω 35 Ω - 100 Ω

Accuracy ± (5 Ω + 5 %Nominal - Measured) ± (5 Ω + 5 %Nominal - Measured)
Anomaly Threshold 15 % Reflection 10 % Reflection
Resolution 1Ω 1Ω

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DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

LAN Traffic Monitoring

Traffic tests are run through the optional DSP-LIA013 Channel/Traffic adapter’s
Monitor jack.
Monitors 10BASE-T or 100BASE-TX Ethernet traffic. Monitors pair 3,6 for either
polarity of traffic. Generates a positive polarity link pulse on pair 1,2. Generates
100BASE-TX link signals on pair 1, 2.
Auto-negotiates between 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX. Monitors pair 3, 6 for
10BASE-T or 100BASE-TX link pulses. Generates Auto-Negotiation signals on
pair 1, 2.
Hub port capabilities test determines if a hub supports the following standards:
Auto-negotiation
10BASE-T
100BASE-TX
100BASE-T4
100BASE-TX full duplex
10BASE-T full duplex
Hub port locator blinks the link LED on a 10BASE-T, 10/100BASE-TX, or
100BASE-TX hub.

Tone Generator
Generates a tone that can be detected by a tone probe, such as the Fluke Networks
140 A-Bug Tone Probe. The 2 kHz tone is generated on pair 1,2.

Serial Interface
Connector: DB9 (DTE male)
Baud rate: 1200 baud to 115,200 baud
Flow control: hardware, XON/XOFF, or none
Data format: 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity
Printer formats: Epson, HP LaserJet, or Text Only (ASCII text)
Test results can be uploaded to a PC and software updates can be downloaded to
the test tool and remote using CableManager software.

8-20
 Maintenance and Specifications
Specifications 8
PC Interface Cable
Table 8-5 shows the pin connections for the PC interface cable provided with the
test tool. Table 8-6 shows the pin connections for the 9-to 25-pin adapter available
from Fluke Networks (part number 929187).

Table 8-5. PC Interface Cable Connections

Test Tool End PC End

DB9S (female) Pin Direction DB9S (female)

Data Carrier Detect 1 <----- 4

Receive Data 2 <----- 3
Transmit Data 3 -----> 2
Data Terminal Ready (always true) 4 -----> 1
Signal Ground 5 <----> 5
Not connected 6 6
Request To Send (used only with hardware flow 7 -----> 8
control)
Clear To Send 8 <----- 7
Not connected 9 9

Table 8-6. 9-to 25-pin Adapter (available from Fluke Networks)

9-pin 25-pin
Connector Connector

3 2
2 3
7 4
8 5
6 6
5 7
1 8
4 20
9 22
Shell Shell

8-21
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Power
Main unit and remote: NiMH battery pack, 7.2 V, 3500 mAh
Typical NiMH battery life: 8 to 10 hours
Charge time: 4 hours
AC adapter/charger, USA version: Linear power supply; 108 V ac to 132 V ac
input; 15 V dc, 1 A output
AC adapter/charger, international version: Switching power supply; 90 V ac to
264 V ac input; 15 V dc; 1 A output
Memory backup power in main unit: Lithium battery
Typical life of lithium battery: 5 years

Environmental Requirements
Operating temperature: 32 °F to 113 °F (0 °C to 45 °C)
Storage temperature: -4 °F to +140 °F (-20 °C to +60 °C)
Pollution degree: 2
Altitude: 6562 ft (2000 m)
Avoid use outside the operating boundaries shown in Figure 8-3.

Electromagnetic Compatibility
Emissions EN61326-1, Class A.
Immunity EN61326-1
Note: Exposure to a 3 V/m Rf field, in the range of 107 MHz – 148 MHz may
cause a maximum noise floor offset of +.62 dB above the calculated specification
of 1.5 dB.

8-22
 Maintenance and Specifications
Specifications 8
100

90

80

70

60
%RH
50

40

30

20

10

0
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
-4 32
Temperature (deg F)

-20 0 30 40 50 60
Temperature (deg C)

+ = Storage (-20˚ C to 60˚ C)

= Normal Operation (0˚ C to 45˚ C)

oy40f.eps
Figure 8-3. Operating Environment Specifications

Input Ratings
A DSP-4000 Series test tool and remote are designed to measure unpowered
cables. The inputs are protected against continuous, current-limited telco voltages
(<100 mA) and can withstand occasional overvoltages of less than 30 V rms
(42 V peak, 60 V dc).

8-23
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Certification and Compliance

Symbol Description

Conforms to relevant European Union directives.

Listed by Canadian Standards Association.

The test tool complies with the following standards:

CSA Standards: CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 1010.1-92 + Amendment 2: 1997 Safety
Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory
Use, Part 1: General Requirements
Safety: CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 1010.1-92 + Amendment 2: 1997; Overvoltage
Category II, Pollution degree 2, 30 V. EN61010, Amendments 1,
OVERVOLTAGE (Installation) CATEGORY II, Pollution Degree 2 per IEC1010-
1 refers to the level of Impulse Withstand Voltage protection provided. Equipment
of OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY II is energy-consuming equipment to be
supplied from the fixed installation. Examples include household, office, and
laboratory appliances.

Test Results Memory for the DSP-4100

The 16 MB multimedia card stores the results of at least 250 Autotests with plot
data included. More results can be stored if plot data is not included. The exact
number of Autotests you can store depends on the number of tests run by the
selected test standard. Compatible memory cards with greater or less capacity can
also be used. A 32 MB card is available as an accessory.
CableManager software lets you upload Autotest results to a PC from a memory
card installed in the test tool or a memory card reader.
1 MB Flash EPROM allows firmware and test standard updates.

8-24
 Maintenance and Specifications
Specifications 8
Test Results Memory for the DSP-4000
512 KB nonvolatile RAM stores results from at least 500 Autotests. More storage
may be available depending on the number of tests run by the selected test
standard.
CableManager software lets you upload Autotest results to a PC.
1 MB Flash EPROM allows firmware and test standard updates.

Dimensions
Main unit and remote (without LIA): 9.25” x 5” x 3”
(23.5 cm x 12.7 cm x 7.6 cm)

Weight
Main unit (without LIA): 3 lb., 4 oz (1.5 kg)
Remote (without LIA): 3 lb., 1 oz (1.4 kg)

Display
Type: Graphic bit-mapped LCD with backlight and adjustable contrast.
Size and resolution: 2.8” x 2.4” (7.1 cm x 6.1 cm), 15 lines, 30 characters per line,
240 x 200 bits.

Warranty
One year from date of purchase. LIAs are warranted for 90 days.

8-25
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

8-26
 Appendices

Appendix Title Page

A Tests Supported by LIAs ...................................................................... A-1

B Getting Started with CableManager Software...................................... B-1
C Glossary................................................................................................ C-1
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual
 Appendix A
Tests Supported by LIAs

Table A-1 shows the test standards supported by the standard link interface
adapters.
For a list of the optional link interface adapters available, visit the Fluke Networks
website at www.flukenetworks.com.

A-1
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Table A-1. Tests Supported by Standard Link Interface Adapters

DSP-LIA011 DSP-LIA012
Standard or Test Basic Link Channel

TIA Cat 3, 5, 5N, and 5E Basic Link X

TIA Cat 3, 5, 5N, and 5E Channel X

TIA TSB-75 MUTO Link X X
ISO11801 Channel Class C, D X
ISO11801 Permanent Link Class C, D X
ISO Link Class C, D X X
EN 50173 Class C, D X X
Aus/NZ Class C and D Basic Link X

Aus/NZ Class C and D Channel X

IEEE 10/100/1000BASE-T X X

TokenRing, All X X

TP-PMD X X

All coaxial standards X1

Impulse noise monitor and tone generator X X

Traffic monitoring on twisted pair cable Optional

DSP-LIA013 only
Hub port locator and hub port capabilities test Optional
DSP-LIA013 only
Optical power and loss measurements using a X X
DSP-FOM Fiber Optic Meter2
1. All coaxial testing requires the RJ-45 to BNC adapter.
2. Fiber test standards are supported by optional Fiber Test Adapters.

A-2
 Appendix B
Getting Started with CableManager
Software

Introduction
CableManager software is a Windows program that lets you do the following:
• Transfer saved Autotest reports and report summaries from the test tool or the
memory card reader to a PC.
• Sort and edit Autotest reports.
• Customize the appearance of printed reports and summaries.
• Add plots to printed test reports (DSP-4100)
• Transfer SETUP settings to and from the test tool.
• Update the software in the test tool and remote.
The minimum requirements are a 200 MHz Pentium microprocessor system with
64 MB of RAM, Windows 95, 98, or NT/2000 software, and a monitor with 800 x
600 resolution.

Notes
The CableManager features described in this manual may vary,
depending on the version of CableManager you received.
CableManager upgrades and documentation on new features are
available on the Fluke Networks website at
www.flukenetworks.com.
The instructions in this manual assume that you have already
installed and know how to use Microsoft Windows 95, 98, or
NT/2000.

B-1
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Installing and Starting CableManager Software

The CableManager installation program copies the CableManager files from the
CD provided to the drive of your choice. The installation program creates a
Cblmgr directory on the PC’s C: drive for storing files.
The installation program also installs the drivers for the memory card reader.
To install CableManager software on your computer, proceed as follows:
1. Put the CableManager CD into the PC’s CD drive.
2. From Windows, use the File Manager to run the file Setup.exe from the root
folder of the CableManager CD.
3. Follow the instructions given by the setup program.
4. To start CableManager, double-click on the CableManager icon in the Fluke
CableManager group.

Selecting a Language
To select a language for CableManager displays and printed reports, choose
Language from the Options menu; then click on the desired language.

Accessing Online Help

CableManager’s online help provides additional information on CableManager’s
features.
To access the online help, choose Contents from the Help menu in the
CableManager window. Click on any topic for more information
To search the help files for a specific word, click the Index button. Follow the
instructions on the Index or the Find tab to search for the word.

B-2
 Getting Started with CableManager Software
Using the Sample File B
Using the Sample File
If you don’t have any test data, but want to practice using CableManager, you can
use the sample file included with CableManager software. The file is copied to
your CableManager directory during installation. See the section “Opening an
Existing Project”.

Connecting the Memory Card Reader to a PC

To use the memory card reader to upload Autotest reports from a memory card to
a PC, connect the reader to the PC as shown in Figure B-1.
The drivers for the card reader are installed on the PC when you install
CableManager.

PC

PC Keyboard
Connector
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

PC Keyboard

PC
Parallel
Port
Parallel Printer
Cable (if used)

Memory Card
Reader
Memory Card
Parallel Printer
(if used)

oy14f.eps
Figure B-1. Connecting the Memory Card Reader to a PC

B-3
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Connecting the Test Tool to a PC

To upload Autotest reports from a DSP-4000 or from a memory card installed in a
DSP-4100 test tool, connect the test tool to a PC using the 9-pin serial interface
cable provided with the test tool. Refer to Figure B-2. If your PC has a 25-pin
serial port, you can use a Fluke 25-pin adapter, Fluke P/N 929187.
To verify the pin assignments for a different 25-pin adapter or a different cable,
refer to the pin assignments for the serial interface cable given in “Specifications”
in Chapter 8.

PC Rear Panel (Typical)

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Use the 9-pin to 25-pin

adapter if necessary.

oy41f.eps
Figure B-2. Connecting the Test Tool to a PC

B-4
 Getting Started with CableManager Software
Opening a New CableManager Project B
Opening a New CableManager Project
To open a new project, proceed as follows:
1. Connect the test tool or memory card reader to the PC, then start the
CableManager program, as described in the previous sections.
2. If you are uploading reports from a test tool or a memory card installed in a
test tool, turn on the test tool.

3. On the CableManager tool bar, click on (New); then click on (Import

from DSP Memory Card) or (Import from DSP Cable Tester).
4. In the Autotest Reports window, select the reports you want to import.
To select a block of reports, click on the first report in the block; then hold
down the Shift key and click on the last block.
To select multiple, nonconsecutive reports, hold down the Ctrl key and click
on the reports.
5. Click on Import.

B-5
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Communication Problems
If CableManager cannot connect to the test tool or memory card reader, try the
following:
• Choose Serial Port from the Options menu, change the COM number in the
Serial Port box; then click Test.
• Verify that the interface cable is securely connected to the test tool or card
reader and to the selected serial port on the PC.
• If you are not using the cable provided to connect the test tool to a PC, verify
that the cable’s pin assignment matches the pin assignment given for the serial
PC interface cable given in “Specifications” in Chapter 8.
• If the PC still can’t connect, set CableManager to a lower baud rate and try
again. To select a lower baud rate, choose Serial Port from the Options menu,
select a lower baud rate; then click on Test.

Opening an Existing Project

1. Click on (Open).
2. Select the drive and directory where the project was saved. The default
directory where CableManager saves files is C:\Cblmgr.
3. Click on the project you want to open. To open the sample data file, click on
.fcm file that was copied to the Cblmgr directory when you installed
CableManager.
4. Click on Open.

The CableManager Toolbar

Table B-1 describes the icons on the CableManager toolbar.

B-6
 Getting Started with CableManager Software
The CableManager Toolbar B
Table B-1. The CableManager Toolbar

Icon Function

New: Creates a new project.

Open: Opens an existing project.

Close: Saves and closes the current project.

Save: Saves the current project.

Cut: Removes the selected item and puts it on the clipboard.

Copy: Copies the selected item to the clipboard.

Paste: Inserts a copy of the clipboard contents.

Find: Lets you search for a character string in your project.

Fast Print: Prints the selected reports.

Print Preview: Lets you see what the printed reports will look like.

First, Previous, Next, Last: Moves to the first, previous, next, or last report in the
project.

Quick Sort: Lets you sort reports in ascending order based on one sorting criterion.

Advanced Sort: Lets you sort reports in ascending or descending order based on up to
four sorting criteria.
Import from Fluke Cable Tester: Imports saved Autotest reports from a DSP-4000 or a
memory card installed in a DSP-4100.
Import from DSP Memory Card: Imports saved Autotest reports from a memory card
installed in the memory card reader.

Quick Plot: Lets you upload and view plots from the last Autotest run.

Setup: Lets you transfer SETUP selections to or from the test tool.

DSP Display: Lets you capture the current display shown on the test tool.
Software Version: Lets you view the test tool’s software and hardware version
numbers.

Software Update: Lets you update the test tool’s software.

B-7
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Viewing Your Project Data

Figure B-3 describes the basic features of the CableManager project window.

oy80c.eps

A The command menus and toolbar give you access to CableManager commands.
B The Autotest summary list shows the summary data for the reports in the project. Results
from the selected reports are shown in the lower half of the display.
A scroll bar appears at the right of this area if the list is longer than what is visible.
To resize a column in the list, drag the border in the heading row left or right.
C The row of tabs shows the tests run for the Autotest report selected in the summary list. Click
on a tab to view the test results.
D Test results for the selected tab are shown in this area. Where applicable, results from the
main unit are shown on the left side and results from the remote are shown on the right side.
For a DSP-4100 test tool, if STORE PLOT DATA was enabled when you ran the Autotest,
you can click on Plot to see a plot of the test data.

Figure B-3. The CableManager Project Window

B-8
 Getting Started with CableManager Software
Viewing Plots of DSP-4100 Test Results B
Viewing Plots of DSP-4100 Test Results
If STORE PLOT DATA was enabled during an Autotest on a DSP-4100, the Plot
function is available for the uploaded results.
To see a plot for all the cable pairs, select a frequency-dependent test in the lower
half of the CableManager window; then click the Plot button.
To see a plot for one cable pair, double-click on the pair in the list to the left of the
Plot button.
The plot includes a cursor readout that shows the measurement, frequency, limit,
and margin for the crosshair cursor on the plot. You can use the cursor to read the
values at any point on the plot as follows:
• To move the cursor, click on the plot, then slide the mouse from side to side or
use the left and right arrow keys on the keyboard. Click again to freeze the
cursor.

Note
The cursor readout does not show a limit or margin for frequencies
that are beyond the test standard’s specifications.
• To switch the cursor to a different pair, click on a cable pair listed near the
lower right side of the plot, or use the up and down arrow keys on the
keyboard. You can add or remove pairs from the plot by using the Pairs menu.
• To move the cursor to the worst margin or worst pair, use the Find menu.

B-9
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Organizing and Editing Your Project

CableManager lets you sort the reports in your project and edit the header
information.

Sorting Reports in Ascending or Descending Order

To sort the reports in ascending order by a report summary item, click on
(Quick Sort), select the field you want to sort by; then click OK.
To sort in ascending or descending order, click on the summary header button for
the field you want to sort by (Site: for example). Each time you click on the same
button, the sorting order switches between ascending and descending order.

Sorting Reports by Multiple Items

Advanced Sort lets you sort reports by multiple items. For example, you can sort
the reports in ascending alphabetical order by site name; then you can sort the
reports for each site in descending order by cable identification.

1. Click on (Advanced Sort).

2. Select the first sorting item in the First Field box. Select to sort by that item in
ascending or descending order.
Selecting None as the first field puts the reports in the order they were in when
imported from the test tool.
3. Select additional sorting items and ascending or descending order for each
item.
4. Click on OK.

B-10
 Getting Started with CableManager Software
Organizing and Editing Your Project B
Editing the Header Information
CableManager lets you edit the header information for each of your reports. For
example, if you accidentally entered the wrong cable identifications for some of
your tests, you can correct the information before saving or printing the reports.

Note
You can modify the Cable ID for only one report at a time.
1. Select the report or reports in the report summary list.
To select a block of reports, click on the first report in the block; then hold
down the Shift key and click on the last block.
To select multiple, nonconsecutive reports, hold down the Ctrl key and click
on the reports.
2. Click on Edit; then select Single-Report Modify or Multi-Report Modify.
3. In the Modify Autotest Report box, enter the new header information; then
click OK.

Rearranging, Adding, and Removing Headers

You can rearrange the report summary headers and choose which items are shown
on printed summaries as follows:
1. From the Options menu choose List Items.
2. To add or remove items from printed summaries, check or uncheck the box
under Print?.
3. Click on the item you want to move.
4. Click on Move Item Up or Move Item Down until the item is in the desired
position.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 as necessary. Click OK when finished.

B-11
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Changing the Numeric Formats in Your Project

To change the length units and the date, time, and number formats in your project,
use the Display selection from the Options menu.

Adding Plots to Printed Reports

If a DSP-4100 test tool’s STORE PLOT DATA setting was enabled during testing,
you can add plots to printed reports.
To add plots to printed reports choose Printing from the Options menu; then
select Use Graphical Reports for DSP-4100 results. Printed reports will show
the test data in both tables and plots.
When Use Graphical Reports for DSP-4100 results is not selected, data is
shown in tabular format only. To see what a graphical or tabular report will look
like for a report selected in the summary list, choose Print Preview from the File
menu on the main CableManager toolbar.
Figures B-4 and B-5 show examples of Autotest reports in tabular and graphical
format.

B-12
 Getting Started with CableManager Software
Adding Plots to Printed Reports B

oy82f.bmp
Figure B-4. Autotest Report in Tabular Format

B-13
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

oy81f.bmp
Figure B-5. Autotest Report in Graphical Format

B-14
 Getting Started with CableManager Software
Other Options for Printed Reports B
Other Options for Printed Reports
Use the Printing selection from the Options menu to make the following
selections for printed reports or summaries:
• Report and Summary Font Size: Choose a font size for printed reports and
summaries.
• Summary Report Items: You can add to your printed summaries the total
length of cable represented in the printed summaries, the number of reports
printed, and the number of printed reports with passing and failing results.
The Header Info selection lets you add a title to the summary printout.
• Use Standard or Custom Bitmap for header: You can replace the default
image shown on printed Autotest reports with your own bitmap (.bmp) image.
For example, you can add your company’s logo to printed reports. To use a
custom bitmap on reports, do the following:
1. Select Use Graphical Reports for DSP-4100 results; then select Use
Custom Bitmap for header.

2. Click . Locate and select your bitmap; then click on Open.

3. In the Printing Options box, click on OK.

B-15
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Previewing and Printing Reports and Summaries

CableManager offers the following options when printing reports and summaries:
• To see what the printed reports or summaries will look like, select the desired
report or reports; then click (Print Preview).
• To print the selected Autotest reports without changing any print options, click
(Fast Print).
• To change the printer properties, the range of reports printed, and the number
of copies printed, use the Print… selection from the File menu.
• To change the printer properties, the paper size and source, and the page
orientation, use the Print Setup selection from the File menu.
• To always print summaries in addition to the full reports, choose Printing
from the Options menu; then select Automatic Summary Print.

Saving a Project on a PC
1. To save a CableManager project on a PC click on (Save).
2. Enter a file name and directory for your project. CableManager’s “.fcm”
extension is automatically added to the file name.
3. When you have finished entering a file name and directory, click on Save.

Saving Project Data in Other Formats

You can save Autotest report or summary data as a comma-separated value (.csv)
file or a text (.txt) file for use in other applications. The .csv file can be opened in a
spreadsheet application. The .txt file can be opened in a word processor or
spreadsheet application.
To save your project data as a .csv or .txt file, use the Export to File selection
from the File menu.

B-16
 Getting Started with CableManager Software
Editing a Test Tool’s SETUP Settings B
Editing a Test Tool’s SETUP Settings
You can use CableManager to save some of the test tool’s SETUP settings on a
PC, edit the settings on the PC, and download the settings to the test tool. This
feature is useful for setting up multiple test tools or entering multiple site or
operator names into a test tool.

Note
When you upgrade the test tool’s software, CableManager lets you
save the test tool’s SETUP settings as part of the upgrade procedure.

Uploading SETUP Settings from the Test Tool

1. On the main CableManager toolbar, click (DSP Setup).
2. In the Setup window click From DSP. The editable settings are uploaded
from the test tool.

Editing, Saving, and Downloading SETUP Settings

1. If a setup file is already open, go to step 4.
2. On the main CableManager toolbar, click (DSP Setup).
3. To edit an existing setup file, click (Open). Select the desired setup file
(.set extension); then click Open.
To create a new setup file, click (New).
4. To edit a setup item, click on the + box; then double-click on the selection
below the item, or choose Properties from the Items menu.
5. Enter a new selection in the Setup Item dialog box; then click OK.
6. To save the settings on the PC, click (Save). Choose a directory and file
name for the setup file; then click Save.
To download the settings to the test tool, click To DSP.

B-17
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Getting Software Updates from Fluke Networks

The Fluke Networks web site at www.flukenetworks.com offers new versions of
software and test standards for your test tool and upgrades to CableManager
software. You can also get software updates on diskettes or CD from Fluke
Networks.
If you need help downloading software, call the Fluke Networks Applications
Help Line at 1-800-283-5853. Or, send email to [email protected].

Installing Software Upgrades

Use the following procedure to install new software in your test tool and remote:

Cautions
Downloading new software overwrites the existing test
software in your test tool. You will not have access to the
old version of the software.
Downloading new software erases all data stored in the
test tool’s memory. To save stored Autotest results or
SETUP settings, use CableManager to upload the data to a
PC.
To prevent an unexpected loss of battery power to the test
tool or remote, connect the battery charger to the test tool
and the remote during the downloading process.

1. Install the newest version of the CableManager utility on your PC, as follows:
If you received the upgrade on diskettes or CD, install CableManager by
running Setup.exe from disk number 1 of the software upgrade disks or the
“disk1” folder on the upgrade CD. Follow the directions given by the SETUP
program.
If you downloaded the upgrade files from the web, which runs a self-
extracting setup program, the new version of CableManager is already
installed on your PC.
The utility setup program installs CableManager and copies the software
upgrade files to one of the following folders:
• If you don't specify otherwise, files are placed in the default folder
C:\Cblmgr.
• Or, the files are placed in the directory you specified in the "Select
Destination" window during the CableManager installation.

B-18
 Getting Started with CableManager Software
Installing Software Upgrades B
2. Connect the instrument to the PC using a 9-pin to 9-pin or 9-pin to 25-pin PC
interface cable.
3. Start CableManager on the PC.

4. Click on (Software Update).

5. When prompted for the location of the software update source file, enter the
path to the DSPx_xx.bin file on your C drive; then click on Open.
6. When the test tool software is installed, connect the PC interface cable to your
remote unit and turn the remote on. In the CableManager window, click on
(Software Update).
7. Select the file SRx_xx.bin as the software update source file for the remote;
then click on Open to install the new software in your remote.

B-19
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

B-20
 Appendix C
Glossary

10BASE2
An IEEE Standard for Thin Coax Ethernet networks: 10 Mb/s transmission, baseband
signaling, 185 meters per coax segment. Also known as Thinlan, Thinnet, or Cheapernet.

10BASE-T
An IEEE Standard for unshielded twisted pair Ethernet networks: 10 Mb/s transmission,
baseband signaling, unshielded twisted pair cable. Maximum cable length is 100 meters.

100BASE-TX
An IEEE Standard for twisted pair Ethernet networks: 100 Mb/s transmission; baseband
signaling; two-pair, category 5 twisted pair cable. Maximum cable length is 100 meters.

1000BASE-T
An IEEE Standard for twisted pair Ethernet networks, also known as Gigabit Ethernet:
1,000 Mb/s transmission; baseband signaling; four-pair, category 5 twisted pair cable.
Maximum cable length is 100 meters.

ACR
Attenuation to crosstalk ratio. The difference between NEXT in dB and attenuation in dB.
Good cable performance corresponds to high ACR values (in negative dB), which results
when NEXT is much higher than attenuation.

Anomaly
A location on a network cable where the cable’s impedance changes abruptly.
C-1
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

Attenuation
A reduction in the strength of a signal. Attenuation is usually expressed in decibels.

Auto-Negotiation
The ability of a network device to determine the capabilities of a far end device, then select
settings for optimal communication.

Balun
An impedance-matching transformer used to transfer signals between coaxial and twisted
pair cable. Baluns are often used to connect IBM 3270 terminals to twisted pair cable, or to
connect coaxial Ethernet to UTP.

Bandwidth
A measure of the information capacity of a transmission medium. In analog
communications, bandwidth is expressed in hertz (Hz) as the difference between the
highest and lowest frequencies that the medium will pass without significant attenuation.
In digital communications, bandwidth is measured in bits per second.

Baseband Signaling
A method of signal transmission where the entire bandwidth of the medium is used to send
a single signal. The digital signal is applied, without modulation, directly to the
transmission media. Ethernet is a baseband network. Compare with broadband signaling.

Basic Link
A network connection consisting of (1) a test equipment patch cable to a patch panel, (2)
one connection at the patch panel, (3) a horizontal cable segment up to 90m (295 ft), (4) a
telecommunications outlet or transition connector, and (5) a test equipment patch cable
from the outlet or transition connector. Cable test limits for a link are tighter than those for
a channel because the channel limits allow for additional connections at the horizontal
cross-connect and near the telecommunications outlet. The basic link is defined in TSB-67.

Baud Rate
A measure of data transmission speed. Baud rate is the number of times per second that a
signal changes states. If only one bit is encoded in each signal change, baud rate is the
same as bits per second. If more than one bit is encoded in each change, the baud rate is
lower than the bits per second rate.

C-2
 Glossary
Bit C
Bit
A binary digit, which can have two values: 0 or 1. The bit is the smallest unit digital data.
The word is a contraction of “binary digit”.

BNC connector
A cylindrical push-and-twist connector used on coaxial cable. BNC connectors are used on
thin Ethernet cable (10BASE2).

Broadband Signaling
A method of signal transmission where the bandwidth of the medium is shared by multiple
signals. The signals are separated into channels carried on different frequencies within the
bandwidth. This transmission method is often used to transmit voice, data, and video
signals over a single medium. Also referred to as wideband. Compare with baseband
signaling.

Bus topology
A network in which all nodes are connected to a single cable that carries all the messages
in the network.

Byte
A data unit usually made up of 8 bits. One byte typically represents one character.

Cable Pair
Two wires, usually twisted together, that form a complete circuit for signal transmission.

Capacitance
A measurement of the capacity to store electrical charge across conductive elements that
are separated by an insulating material (dielectric). Undesirable capacitance that occurs
between conducting wires in a network cable results in capacitive coupling, which causes
crosstalk between cable pairs.

Category 3
A cabling standard for UTP voice-grade cable specified be the EIA/TIA 568 standard for
use at speeds up to 10 Mbps.

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Category 4
A cabling standard specified by EIA/TIA 568 for use at speeds up to 20 Mbps.

Category 5
A cabling standard specified by EIA/TIA 568 for use at speeds up to 100 Mbps.

Channel
A network connection consisting of (1) a network equipment patch cable to a horizontal
cross-connect, (2) two connections at the cross-connect, (3) a horizontal cable segment up
to 90 m (295 ft), (4) a transition connector near the telecommunications outlet, (5) a
telecommunications outlet, and (6) a network equipment patch cable in the work area.
Cable test limits for a channel are looser than those for a basic link because the channel
limits allow for the effects of two connections at the cross-connect and an extra connector
near the telecommunications outlet. The channel is defined in TSB-67.

Characteristic Impedance
The total opposition (dc resistance and ac reactance) to the flow of ac current that a
network cable would have if the cable were infinitely long.

Coaxial Cable
A type of transmission cable in which an inner conductor is surrounded first by an
insulating layer, then by a braided, conductive sheath. The braided sheath acts as a shield
that protects the inner conductor from electrical noise. Coaxial cables typically have a wide
bandwidth. Two types of coaxial cable are used with Ethernet networks: Thicknet
(10BASE5 standard) and Thinnet (10BASE2 standard).

Collision
The result of two stations simultaneously attempting to transmit data on a shared network
transmission medium (such as Ethernet).

Crossed Pair
A wiring error in twisted pair cabling where a pair on one end of the cable is wired to a
different pair in the connector on the other end of the cable.

C-4
 Glossary
Crosstalk C
Crosstalk
Unwanted signal transfer between adjacent cable pairs. Crosstalk occurs because electrical
signals passing through a cable pair create an electromagnetic field that transmits the
signal to nearby pairs.

CSV Data
Abbreviation for comma-separated variable. A list of data separated by commas. When
CSV data is loaded into a spreadsheet application, the application puts each comma-
separated value into a separate cell.

dB
Abbreviation for decibel. A logarithmic unit used for expressing the loss or gain of signal
strength.

Download
To transfer data from a computer to a remote device.

EIA 568A
Electronic Industries Association Commercial Building Telecommunications wiring
standard. See EIA/TIA 568.

EIA/TIA
The US Electronic Industries Association and Telecommunications Industries Association,
which have merged.

EIA/TIA 568
The EIA/TIA Commercial Building Telecommunications wiring standard that defines
generic telecommunications wiring for commercial buildings. The standard covers topics
such as maximum cable lengths, topology, installation practices, and performance
specifications.

Equal Level Far End Crosstalk (ELFEXT)

The difference between the FEXT and the attenuation of the disturbed wire pair (in dB).
Good cable performance corresponds to high ELFEXT values, which result when FEXT is
much higher than attenuation.

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Ethernet
A local area network protocol using Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision
Detection (CSMA/CD). Ethernet is available with four cabling alternatives: thin coaxial,
standard (thick) coaxial, twisted pair, and fiber optic. This protocol uses 10 Mb/s baseband
transmission and is defined by the IEEE standard 802.3.

Far-End Crosstalk (FEXT)

The amount of coupling loss (in decibels) occurring when a signal generated at one end of
one cable pair is received as crosstalk at the other end of another cable pair. Higher FEXT
levels correspond to better cable performance.

Flash Memory
Computer memory that requires no power to maintain its contents, yet, unlike ROM, can
be reprogrammed while installed in a system.

Foil-Screened Twisted Pair (FTP)

See Screened Twisted Pair.

Hardware Flow Control

A hardware method of controlling data flow between two devices. The receiving device
tells the sending device to start or stop data transmission by sending control signals on a
cable wire that is dedicated to flow control signals.

HDTDR
High-definition time domain reflectometry. A technique used for finding cable faults and
measuring cable length and characteristic impedance. A test pulse applied to the cable is
reflected by impedance discontinuities along the cable (such as a short or an open). The
cable’s characteristics are determined by timing the duration between the test pulse and the
reflection and analyzing the shape of the reflected pulse.

HDTDX
High-definition time domain crosstalk. The HDTDX analyzer locates sources of NEXT
along a cable. This measurement technique is patented by Fluke Networks.

Horizontal Cabling
The cabling between a telecommunications outlet and a horizontal cross-connect.

C-6
 Glossary
Horizontal Cross-Connect C
Horizontal Cross-Connect
A group of connectors, such as a patch panel or punch-down block, that allows equipment
to be cross-connected with patch cords or jumpers. The horizontal cross-connect is usually
located in a wiring closet.

Impedance
Opposition to the flow of ac (alternating current) signals. Impedance is caused by
inductance and capacitance. Unlike resistance, impedance varies with the frequency of the
applied ac signal.

Impedance Discontinuity
An abrupt change in a cable’s characteristic impedance. Impedance discontinuities can be
caused by faulty connections, mismatched cable types, and untwisted sections on twisted
pair cable. Also called an anomaly.

Inductance
A property of a device that tends to oppose changes in current. Inductance is an
undesirable characteristic of cables because it causes signal attenuation.

Inductive Pickup
A device that emits sound when placed near a source of electromagnetic emissions.
Inductive pickups are used to locate individual cables in a bundle.

Jabber
A network fault condition where a frame longer than 1518 bytes is detected. Network
protocols specify a maximum packet length that one station may transmit before other
stations are allowed to transmit.

Level I, Level II, Level IIE, and Level III Accuracy

Levels of performance requirements for field testing of installed, unshielded twisted pair
cable links. Level I is acceptable for testing channels. Level II has tighter limits and is
preferred for testing basic links. These requirements, which evolve over time, are
published in TSB-67. Levels IIE and III apply to Cat 5E and the proposed Cat 6 standards,
respectively.

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Link Pulse
A single-bit, 100 ns test pulse that is transmitted at least every 50 ms during idle periods on
10BASE-T link segments to verify link integrity.

MUTO
Multi-user telecommunications outlet. A multiport outlet installed in the work area to
support a group of users. The MUTO cabling standard addresses the need for longer
sections of cable that allow more flexibility when wiring modular offices.

Near-End Crosstalk (NEXT)

The amount of coupling loss (in decibels) occurring when a signal generated at the near
end of one cable pair is received as crosstalk at the near end of another cable pair. Higher
NEXT levels correspond to better cable performance.

NVP
Nominal Velocity of Propagation. The speed of a signal through a cable, expressed as a
percentage of the speed of light. Typically, the speed of a signal through a cable is between
60% and 80% of the speed of light.

Packet
A group of bits in a specific format, containing a data message that is sent over a network.

Plenum Cable
Cable certified for installation in air ducts and open spaces over suspended ceilings
without conduit. Plenum cable is fire resistant and does not emit toxic fumes when burned.

Propagation Delay
The time required for an electrical signal to travel the length of a cable.

PSELFEXT
Power sum ELFEXT. Power sum FEXT minus the attenuation of the disturbed pair.
PSFEXT is the combined FEXT received by a cable pair from the other pairs.

PSNEXT
Power sum NEXT. The combined NEXT received by a cable pair from the other pairs.

C-8
 Glossary
Resistor C
Resistor
An electronic component that resists the flow of electrical current. Resistors are used in the
terminators that are connected to the ends of coaxial cable.

Return Loss (RL)

The loss of signal strength in a cable due to signal reflections. A cable’s RL value indicates
how well the cable’s characteristic impedance matches its rated impedance over a range of
frequencies.

Reversed Pair
A wiring error in twisted pair cabling where the pins on a cable pair are reversed between
connectors on each end of the cable.

RJ45
An 8-pin modular connector used with twisted pair cable. The RJ45 connector resembles a
telephone connector (RJ11).

ROM
Read-only memory. A device used for permanent storage of data or programs. A ROM
does not require power to maintain its contents. Once a ROM is programmed, its contents
cannot be altered.

Runt Packet
An Ethernet data packet that is shorter than the valid minimum packet length of 64 bytes.
Runt packets are usually caused by a collision.

Shielded Screened Twisted Pair (SsTP)

Twisted pair cable in which each pair is wrapped in a metallic sheath, and the entire bundle
is wrapped by an overall shield.

Screened Twisted Pair (ScTP)

Twisted pair cable wrapped in a metallic sheath. The sheath, which is grounded at a single
location in the network, acts as a shield that protects the cable pairs from crosstalk and
other sources of electrical noise.

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Segment
A network cable terminated at both ends. Segments can be joined together using repeaters
or bridges.

Serial Data Transmission

The transmission of data over a single wire.

Shielded Twisted Pair

Twisted pair cable surrounded by a metalic shield that reduces electrical interference on
the cable. Originally referred to shielded twisted pair IBM cable with an impedance of
150 Ω.

Skin Effect
The tendency of current to flow only near the surface of a conductor. This effect becomes
more pronounced at higher frequencies.

Split Pair
A wiring error in twisted pair cable where a wire from one cable pair is twisted with a wire
from another cable pair. Though the pin-to-pin connections may be correct, splitting the
cable pairs causes excessive crosstalk because the electromagnetic fields around the wires
cannot cancel properly.

Star Topology
A network design in which each node is connected to a central hub.

Terminator
A resistor connected to the end of a coaxial cable. The terminator, which is intended to
match the characteristic impedance of the cable, eliminates signal reflections by dissipating
signals in the cable.

Token Ring
A local area network that is arranged in a ring or star topology and uses token passing to
control access.

C-10
 Glossary
TSB-67 C
TSB-67
Technical Service Bulletin 67. TSB-67 defines the requirements for field testing of
installed, unshielded twisted pair cable links. It describes test configurations, required
tests, pass/fail criteria, accuracy requirements, and other test parameters. TSB-67 is drafted
by a Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) task force.

Twisted Pair
A cable pair made of two wires that are twisted together to minimize crosstalk to other
cable pairs. The twisting minimizes crosstalk because it causes cancellation of the
electromagnetic fields generated by each wire in the twisted pair.

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

Twisted pair cable that is not shielded. UTP cable is more susceptible to crosstalk than
shielded twisted pair (STP) cable.

XON/XOFF Flow Control

Transmitter ON/transmitter OFF. A software method of controlling data flow between two
devices. The receiving device tells the sending device to start or stop data transmission by
sending commands over the data transmission line.

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Users Manual

C-12
 Index

Audible tones, enabling/disabling, 2-40

—$— Auto increment, 2-34
$ (auto sequence), 2-35 status, 2-36
$ (edit report identification), 2-33 Auto sequence, 2-35
saving Autotests, 3-28
status, 3-1
—5— Automatic diagnostics, 3-6
568A and 568B standards, 7-3 display examples, 7-27
568A and 568B wiring, 7-29 Auto-Negotiation, 4-19
Autotest
—A— coaxial cable, 3-22
AC adapter/charger, 2-4 connections, 2-16, 3-22
Accessories descriptions of tests and results, 3-24
optional, 8-7 list of tests, 2-25
standard, 1-4 quick start, 2-15
Accuracy range, 2-9 print options, 5-3
ACR serial port error, 5-5
ACR@Remote test, 3-15, 3-20, 3-22 report samples, B-12
explanation of ACR, 7-24 saving results, 3-26
plot description, 3-19 twisted pair, 3-2
results screen items, 3-18 basic link connections, 2-12
test for twisted pair, 3-18 channel connections, 2-13
Anomaly. See Impedance anomaly connections, 3-2
Asterisk descriptions of tests and results, 3-7
in test results, 2-9 list of tests, 2-24
on custom configurations, 6-5 quick start, 2-10
on selected report, 5-4
Attenuation —B—
explanation of attenuation, 7-7 Backlight, 2-30
plot description, 3-12 Bail, 2-23
results screen items, 3-11 Basic link
test for twisted pair, 3-11 description, 7-5

1
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

test connections, 2-12, 3-3 RJ11 (telephone), 2-3

test standard selection, 2-32 Crossed pair,wire map display, 3-8
Battery Crossed wires,wire map display, 3-8
charging, 2-4 Crossover cable, 7-29
lithium, 8-3 Custom test configuration, 6-4
NiMH
removal and replacement, 8-2 —D—
when to replace, 8-2 Date, 2-39
power-down timer, 2-40 Delay skew test, 3-10
status messages, 2-42 explanation of test, 7-18
Beeper, enabling/disabling, 2-40 Display
adjusting contrast, 2-31
—C— size, 8-25
Cable Duplicate I.D., 3-27
basic troubleshooting, 7-27
configuring a custom test, 6-4 —E—
construction, coaxial and twisted pair, 7-1 ELFEXT
identifying hub port connections, 4-22 explanation of test, 7-12
interface for PC, 8-21 plot description, 3-17
interface for printing, 5-2 results screen items, 3-16
pin connections for 568 standard, 7-3 EMC, 8-22
Cable adapter. See link interface adapter
Cable ID, changing, 3-29, 5-6
Cable ID, incrementing, 2-34 —F—
Cable type False test results, 8-4
selecting, 2-32 Fault anomaly threshold (twisted pair), 3-10
selecting, quick start, 2-8 Fault info. See Automatic diagnostics
CableManager Fault Info key, 3-6
hardware requirements, B-1 Fluke Networks, contacting, 1-1
installing, B-2 Frequency, 350 MHz, 2-32
Calibrating the test tool, 6-1 Front panel
Certifications, 8-24 main unit, 2-18
Channel remote, 2-20
description, 7-6 Full-duplex transmission, 7-26
test connections, 2-13, 3-4
test standard selection, 2-32 —G—
Characteristic impedance. See Impedance Graphical reports (DSP-4100), B-12
Communicating with a PC
downloading software upgrades, B-18 —H—
problems with communications, B-6 HDTDR test
Compliance, 8-24 effects of termination results, 4-10
Configure custom test, 6-4 example plots, 7-29
Connectors explanation of HDTDR, 7-20
main unit, 2-18 interpreting the plot, 7-23
remote, 2-21
2
 Index (continued)

plot description, 4-12 test for coaxial cable, 3-25

results screen items, 4-12 test for twisted pair, 3-9
twisted pair and coaxial cable, 4-9, 7-20 variations between cable pairs, 3-9
HDTDX analyzer variations between measured and actual,
example plots, 7-29 7-20
interpreting the plot, 7-14 Length units
results screen items, 4-7 selecting, 2-38
running the analyzer, 4-6 selecting, quick start, 2-8
Headroom, 3-5 Link. See Basic link
Hub port capabilities, 4-26 Link interface adapter
Hub port locator, 4-22 status, 2-5
tests supported by adapters, A-2
—I— Link interface adapter (LIA)
Impedance basic use, 2-5
anomaly on coaxial cable, 3-25 Link performance grade, 3-5
anomaly on twisted pair, 3-10
explanation of characteristic impedance, —M—
7-9 Maintenance, 8-1
minimizing impedance discontinuities, Marginal test results, 2-9
7-10 Memory
test for coaxial cable, 3-24 capacity, 3-26
test for twisted pair, 3-10 capacity and type, 8-24, 8-25
warning result, 3-10 full, 3-29
Impulse noise threshold, 4-23 maintained by lithium battery, 8-3
Incrementing cable IDs, 2-34 space available, 3-29
Inductive pickup device, 4-26 status, 2-36
Insertion loss Memory card
explanation of insertion loss, 7-7 formatting, 2-6
test for twisted pair, 3-11 inserting and removing, 2-6
Installing CableManager, B-2 status, 2-7, 2-36
Interface adapter. See link interface adapter Memory card reader
Internal fault detected (error message), 8-4 installation, B-3
Monitor
—K— hub port capabilities, 4-26
Keys monitoring impulse noise, 4-22
for moving around screens, 2-4 changing the noise threshold, 4-23
functions, 2-18 connections, 4-24
screen items, 4-25
Monitoring network activity, 4-19
—L— connections, 4-19
Language screen items, 4-21
selecting, 2-28 Multimedia card. See Memory card
selecting, quick start, 2-8
LED functions, 2-21, 2-41
Length

3
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

—N— Propagation delay test, 3-10

New (softkey), 2-33 explanation of test, 7-18
NEXT PSACR test, 3-22
explanation of NEXT, 7-11 PSELFEXT test, 3-22
minimizing NEXT, 7-17 PSNEXT test, 3-22
NEXT@Remote test results, 3-15
plot description, 3-14 —Q—
results screen items, 3-13 Quick configuration, 2-8
Noise
causes of electrical noise, 7-8 —R—
changing the impulse noise threshold, 4-23 Reflection
causes of reflections, 7-20
monitoring impulse noise, 4-22 length test result message, 3-25
Noise test, 2-30 Remote
Numeric format calibrating for a new remote, 6-1
selecting, 2-39 communication error, 2-41
selecting, quick start, 2-8 compatibility, 4-2
NVP compatibility between models, 8-9
determining cable NVP, 6-3 effects on HDTDR test, 4-10
explanation of NVP, 7-19 features, 2-20
lights, messages, and audible tones, 2-41
—O— when to use a remote unit, 4-2
Open,wire map display, 3-8 Renaming a report, 5-6
Overvoltage test, 2-29 Renaming saved reports, 2-33
Replacement parts, 8-5
—P— Reports
Parallel data transmission, 7-18 printing reports, 5-1
PC interface cable, 8-21 samples of Autotest reports, B-12
Plot data viewing, deleting, and renaming reports,
saving (DSP-4100), 2-37 5-6
viewing on PC (DSP-4100), B-9 Resistance
Plots on printed reports (DSP-4100), B-12 test for coaxial cable, 3-25
Power line filter frequency test for twisted pair, 3-9
selecting, 2-31 Reversed pairs,wire map display, 3-8
selecting, quick start, 2-8 RJ11 connector, 2-3
Power sum values, explanation, 7-17 RL
Power-down timer, 2-40 explanation of RL, 7-26
Printing plot description, 3-21
configuring the serial port, 5-2 results screen items, 3-20
connections for printing, 5-3 test for twisted pair, 3-20
error, 5-5 Rotary switch modes, 2-23
options, 5-3
printer interface cable, 5-2
Problems with the test tool, 8-4

4
 Index (continued)

—S— —T—
Safety Talk mode, 2-14
operational information, 2-1 Terminator
standards, 8-24 connection during length test, 3-25
Saving Autotest results, 3-26 connection during resistance test, 3-25
quick start, 2-11 effects on HDTDR test, 4-10
Scanning, 4-2 Test standard
Self test descriptions of standards, 2-24
failure, 8-3 selecting, 2-32
how to run, 2-29 selecting, quick start, 2-8
Self-calibration, 6-1 Time, 2-39
Serial port Tone generator, 4-26
cable for printer interface, 5-2 Traffic monitor, 4-19
configuring for printing, 5-2 Troubleshooting
connection for printing, 5-3 finding cable faults, 7-27
error, printing, 5-5 troubleshooting the test tool, 8-3
interface description, 8-20
problems with PC communications, B-6 —U—
Setup Using this manual, 1-6
configuring the test tool, 2-30
downloading from a PC, 2-30
list of settings, 2-26 —V—
quick setup, 2-8 Version
Shield continuity test, enabling, 2-32 hardware, 2-28
Short,wire map display, 3-8 software, 2-28
Single test test standards, 2-28
tests for twisted pair, 4-1 Viewing saved reports, 5-6
Single Test Viewing saved results
tests for coaxial cable, 4-16 quick start, 2-11
Smart remote. See Remote Voice communication, 2-14
Softkeys description, 2-18
Software upgrades, B-18 —W—
Special functions, list of functions, 2-27 Warning messages
Split pair battery voltage messages, 2-42
explanation of split pair, 7-16 characteristic impedance warning, 3-10
Split pair,wire map display, 3-8 excessive noise detected, 2-30
Standards excessive voltage detected, 2-29
CSA, 8-24 printed reports, 3-30
safety, 8-24 test result memory is now full, 3-29
test, 8-11 test summary result, 3-10
Storage, 8-2 the previous test results have not been
Store plot data, B-9 saved, 3-2
selecting, quick start, 2-8 unable to save test results, 3-29
Strap, 2-23
Switch modes, 2-23
5
DSP-4000 Series
Users Manual

warning in test results, 4-14 NEXT, 3-13

Wire map Worst margin results, 3-5
description of test, 3-7 Worst value
displays, 3-7 ELFEXT, 3-16
pin connections for 568 standard, 7-3 NEXT, 3-13
Worst margin Worst value results, 3-5
ELFEXT, 3-16