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CIV 2201 Tutorial set 8

This document is a tutorial set for CIV 2201 Soil Mechanics, issued on March 12, 2025, focusing on soil filter design and embankment dam seepage analysis. It outlines two design approaches for soil filters, including criteria for retention and permeability, as well as specific conditions for filter materials. Additionally, it includes questions related to filter design and seepage calculations that are essential for understanding the course material.

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4 views

CIV 2201 Tutorial set 8

This document is a tutorial set for CIV 2201 Soil Mechanics, issued on March 12, 2025, focusing on soil filter design and embankment dam seepage analysis. It outlines two design approaches for soil filters, including criteria for retention and permeability, as well as specific conditions for filter materials. Additionally, it includes questions related to filter design and seepage calculations that are essential for understanding the course material.

Uploaded by

allanmutabazi9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CIV 2201 SOIL MECHANICS- TUTORIAL SET 8 (SEMESTER 2- 2024/2025)

Issue date: 12th March 2025 (Week 8 of the semester)


Instructions and guidance:
 The tutorials contribute no points to the final grade of the course but are important in
understanding the material presented in the lectures
 The tutorials should preferably be attempted in your study groups

Question one
Soil Filter Design:
Two approaches are commonly used in the design of soil filters:

Approach one: Terzaghi and Peck (1948):


According to this approach, the criteria followed in the design are:
Retention criteria (refers to capacity of the filter to retain fines)
( )
≤ 4 to5
( )

Permeability criteria

𝐷 ( )
≥ 4 to 5
𝐷 ( )

Approach two: US Navy criteria


condition 1: Retention criteria condition 2 (Permeability
criteria)
𝐷 ( )
<5
𝐷 ( )
( ) ( )
< 25 and ≥4
( ) ( )

𝐷 ( )
< 20
𝐷 ( )

1
Condition 3: The filter material should not have grain size greater than 76.2 mm to avoid
segregation of material in the filter.
Condition 4: To avoid internal movement of fines in the filter, it should have no more than 5%
passing sieve no. 200.

Condition 5: When perforated pipes are used for collecting seepage water, filters are also used
around the pipes to protect fine-grained soil from being washed into the pipe. To avoid
movement of filter material into the drain-pipe perforations,

D85(F)
>1.2 − 1.4
slot width

𝐷 ( )
> 1.0 − 1.2
hole diameter

a) What are the fundamental design criteria for soil filters?


b) The grain-size distribution of a soil to be protected is such that 𝐷 ( ) =
0.009 𝑚𝑚, 𝐷 ( ) = 0.05 𝑚𝑚, 𝐷 ( ) = 0.11 𝑚𝑚. On the same semi-logarithmic,
include the gradation curve of the soil to be protected and the suitable range for a good
filter material. Use Terzaghi and Peck method as well as the US Navy method. How do
the two methods compare?
c) How may filters control the piping phenomenon?
Question two
An embankment dam is shown in section below. The coefficients of permeability in the
horizontal and vertical directions being 7.5 x 10-6 m/s and 2.7 x 10-6 m/s, respectively. Construct
the top flow line and determine the quantity of seepage through the dam. (This is problem 2.7 in
Craig’s Soil mechanics, 7th Ed). For this problem, you are required to read about unconfined
flow problems in flow net constructions.

The End

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