Software Engineering

MCQ Part - I
Refining the Software Specification
1. The process of refining software specifications involves:
A. Reducing testing time
B. Breaking down high-level requirements into detailed designs
C. Coding the modules
D. Creating user manuals
Answer: B

2. A refined specification should:

A. Increase ambiguity B. Be less detailed
C. Clarify and expand requirements D. Ignore user needs
Answer: C

3. Which tool is commonly used during requirement refinement?

A. DFD B. HTML
C. SQL D. Assembly
Answer: A

4. The result of refining software specification is:

A. High-level diagram B. UI mock-up
C. Detailed design blueprint D. Source code
Answer: C

5. Which of the following supports traceability of refined specifications?

A. Control flow diagram B. Requirement traceability matrix
C. Version control D. Compilation log
Answer: B

Fundamental Design Concepts

6. Procedural design focuses on:
A. Object modeling B. Data hiding
C. Process-oriented decomposition D. Class hierarchies
Answer: C

7. Architectural design primarily deals with:

A. Function parameters B. System structure and modules
C. Test cases D. Screen layouts
Answer: B

8. A data design describes:

A. Algorithm flow B. Database schema and data structures
C. Source code comments D. Installation guide
Answer: B

9. A key concept in software design is:

A. Compilation B. Modularity
C. Debugging D. Virtualization
Answer: B

10. Cohesion in design refers to:

A. Coupling between modules B. Internal consistency of a module
C. External references D. Algorithm efficiency
Answer: B
Software Blueprint Methodology
11. Software blueprints are used to:
A. Compile code B. Graphically represent system components
C. Estimate costs D. Create backups
Answer: B

12. A blueprint should clearly define:

A. Runtime behaviour B. Source code
C. Component interaction and layout D. User passwords
Answer: C

13. One key benefit of blueprints is:

A. Simplifying coding style B. Enabling automatic testing
C. Enhancing communication and planning D. Increasing runtime speed
Answer: C

14. In software blueprint methodology, interaction diagrams represent:

A. Data models B. Module execution sequence
C. File formats D. System calls
Answer: B

15. Blueprint diagrams are mainly created during:

A. Maintenance B. Design phase
C. Coding phase D. Deployment
Answer: B

Object-Oriented Design (OOD)

16. Object-oriented design focuses on:
A. Algorithms only B. Entities and interactions
C. Hardware specifications D. Command line input
Answer: B

17. Which of the following is not an OOD concept?

A. Inheritance B. Polymorphism
C. Abstraction D. Compilation
Answer: D

18. In OOD, encapsulation means:

A. Connecting database tables
B. Hiding internal state and requiring all interaction to be performed through methods
C. Running tests
D. Disabling logging
Answer: B

19. UML is used in OOD to:

A. Compile programs B. Illustrate class and object relationships
C. Clean up memory D. Format outputs
Answer: B

20. Class diagrams in OOD show:

A. Test results B. Object hierarchies and relationships
C. Execution speed D. Hardware specs
Answer: B
Design Documentation & Conformance
21. A design document typically includes:
A. User manuals B. Test case results
C. Architectural and module-level designs D. Database indexes
Answer: C

22. The review of a design document ensures:

A. Marketing alignment B. Code optimization
C. Conformance to requirements D. Faster execution
Answer: C

23. Which of the following is not a design document component?

A. Data dictionary B. Use-case diagrams
C. Source code D. Component interfaces
Answer: C

24. Quality review during design checks for:

A. Syntax errors B. Module dependencies
C. Alignment with requirements and standards D. Number of functions
Answer: C

25. A design that fully satisfies all functional requirements is said to:
A. Have high latency B. Be coupled
C. Conform to specification D. Be encoded
Answer: C

Relationship Between Design and Implementation

26. Software implementation refers to:
A. Design of software modules B. Writing source code based on design
C. Creating documentation D. Running test cases
Answer: B

27. The relationship between design and implementation is:

A. Design follows implementation
B. Independent
C. Implementation translates design into working code
D. Implementation skips the design phase
Answer: C

28. A good design aids implementation by:

A. Reducing hardware cost B. Increasing lines of code
C. Providing structure and guidelines D. Disabling testing
Answer: C

29. What is the outcome of poor design before implementation?

A. Reduced errors B. Improved performance
C. Increased maintenance issues D. Fewer comments
Answer: C

30. Design patterns help implementation by:

A. Automating code generation B. Validating UI
C. Providing reusable solutions to common problems D. Managing memory
Answer: C
Implementation Issues
31. A common implementation issue is:
A. Algorithm selection B. Memory management
C. Storyboarding D. Requirement gathering
Answer: B

32. Runtime errors are caused by:

A. Compilation success B. Syntax correctness
C. Logical or resource-related issues during execution D. Documentation failure
Answer: C

33. Language-specific implementation constraints include:

A. Market analysis B. Syntax rules and supported features
C. Wireframing D. Hosting issues
Answer: B

34. Portability refers to:

A. Readability of code B. Hardware-dependent code
C. The ability of code to run across platforms D. Test-driven development
Answer: C

35. Buffer overflow is an issue related to:

A. Compiler optimization B. Data structures
C. Memory access and security D. Code comments
Answer: C

Programming Support Environment

36. IDEs are useful in implementation because they:
A. Only allow testing B. Reduce disk usage
C. Provide integrated tools for writing, testing, and debugging D. Compile automatically
Answer: C

37. A version control system is used to:

A. Design UI B. Track and manage source code changes
C. Debug the compiler D. Optimize loops
Answer: B

38. Continuous Integration tools help:

A. Translate languages B. Merge and test code changes frequently
C. Clean up memory D. Count lines of code
Answer: B

39. A debugger helps programmers:

A. Design software B. Find and fix errors in code
C. Generate documentation D. Compile binaries
Answer: B

40. A linter is used to:

A. Run the software B. Check code for formatting and syntax issues
C. Allocate memory D. Compress code
Answer: B

Coding the Procedural Design

41. Procedural design maps to:
A. OOP structures B. Sequential steps of algorithm implementation
C. GUI components D. Database schemas
Answer: B

42. A procedure in programming refers to:

A. Database table B. Reusable block of code performing a task
C. UI layout D. Compiler setting
Answer: B

43. Procedural programming emphasizes:

A. Data abstraction B. Function and logic flow
C. Class inheritance D. Error codes
Answer: B

44. Which language is primarily procedural?

A. Java B. Python
C. C D. Ruby
Answer: C

45. In procedural design, control structures refer to:

A. Class diagrams B. Statements controlling flow like if, while
C. UI buttons D. Package imports
Answer: B

Good Coding Style & Review

46. Good coding style includes:
A. Long variable names B. Clear, consistent naming and indentation
C. Avoiding comments D. Minimizing functions
Answer: B

47. Code readability improves:

A. Compilation time B. Debugging and maintenance
C. CPU performance D. Encryption
Answer: B

48. Code reviews help in:

A. Speeding up execution B. Detecting design issues and improving quality
C. Running the program D. Installing updates
Answer: B

49. One principle of clean code is:

A. Maximize complexity B. Make functions as long as possible
C. Keep functions small and focused D. Use cryptic variable names
Answer: C

50. Who typically conducts a code review?

A. End user B. Team lead or peer developer
C. UI designer D. Client manager
Answer: B

Advanced Object-Oriented Design Concepts

51. Polymorphism in OOP means:
A. Writing multiple functions with same name for different types
B. Hiding variables
C. Creating only one class
D. Avoiding inheritance
Answer: A

52. Inheritance promotes:

A. Data duplication B. Code reusability
C. Hardcoding D. Static typing
Answer: B

53. Which of the following represents an abstract class?

A. A class with no data B. A class that cannot be instantiated directly
C. A class with multiple main methods D. A class with no attributes
Answer: B

54. Composition refers to:

A. Inheriting methods from multiple classes B. One class containing another class instance
C. Declaring variables in loop D. Overriding constructors
Answer: B

55. Encapsulation protects data by:

A. Using public access B. Allowing direct access
C. Restricting access through methods D. Skipping validation
Answer: C

56. UML sequence diagrams show:

A. Class structure B. Interaction over time between objects
C. Memory allocation D. Code execution
Answer: B

57. Dependency injection in OOD aims to:

A. Tighten coupling B. Inject values into local variables
C. Provide objects at runtime to reduce dependencies D. Avoid constructors
Answer: C

58. Liskov Substitution Principle is part of:

A. UI Design B. SOLID Principles
C. Testing D. Procedural coding
Answer: B

59. A static method:

A. Belongs to the object B. Cannot be accessed without an instance
C. Belongs to the class D. Needs a constructor
Answer: C

60. Overloading refers to:

A. Having multiple classes
B. Writing the same function differently with different arguments
C. Overriding superclass
D. Memory overflow
Answer: B

Design Patterns and Implementation Mapping

61. A design pattern provides:
A. Compilation rules B. A proven solution to a recurring design problem
C. New language syntax D. Direct source code
Answer: B
62. The Singleton pattern ensures:
A. Multiple instances are created B. One and only one instance of a class
C. Overloading D. Secure login
Answer: B

63. Factory pattern deals with:

A. Logging B. Object creation based on conditions
C. UI styling D. Function testing
Answer: B

64. Adapter pattern is used to:

A. Load images B. Translate interfaces between incompatible systems
C. Add database records D. Format input
Answer: B

65. Strategy pattern allows:

A. Logging behaviour B. Choosing algorithm at runtime
C. UI selection D. Changing languages
Answer: B

66. MVC stands for:

A. Model, View, Controller B. Method, Variable, Class
C. Module, View, Compilation D. Multiple Version Compilation
Answer: A

67. The View in MVC handles:

A. Business logic B. User interface rendering
C. Data storage D. Network calls
Answer: B

68. Procedural code maps best to:

A. Object diagrams B. Flowcharts and pseudocode
C. Use cases D. CSS stylesheets
Answer: B

69. During implementation, patterns help in:

A. Creating test cases B. Structuring the solution efficiently
C. Documenting D. Designing hardware
Answer: B

70. Code that breaks abstraction is:

A. Maintainable B. Low quality and tightly coupled
C. Highly portable D. Secure
Answer: B

Coding Practices, Error Handling, and Review

71. A try-catch block is used for:
A. Code optimization B. Exception handling
C. Formatting D. Memory allocation
Answer: B

72. Syntax errors occur:

A. At runtime B. At compile time
C. During testing D. After deployment
Answer: B
73. Semantic errors occur when:
A. Code runs but behaves incorrectly B. File not found
C. Compilation fails D. Input is missing
Answer: C

74. Inline comments are used to:

A. Decrease performance B. Explain specific code logic
C. Debug automatically D. Replace variables
Answer: B

75. Proper indentation improves:

A. Execution time B. Code readability
C. Memory usage D. Logging
Answer: B

76. Code walkthrough is:

A. Debugging using tools B. Manual review of source code
C. Compilation D. Test execution
Answer: B

77. Pair programming involves:

A. Developer and manager B. Two developers working together on the same code
C. One developer and tester D. Peer reviewers
Answer: B

78. Magic numbers should be:

A. Used freely B. Replaced with named constants
C. Placed in comments D. Encoded in loops
Answer: B

79. Code smell refers to:

A. Compile errors B. Symptoms of deeper problems in the code
C. GUI bugs D. Syntax mistakes
Answer: B

80. Which tool helps with automatic code formatting?

A. Debugger B. Prettier / Black
C. Profiler D. CI tool
Answer: B

81. Test coverage measures:

A. Number of users B. Percentage of code tested
C. UI clicks D. Performance time
Answer: B

82. Unit testing is done:

A. After deployment B. On individual functions/modules
C. At the end D. On UI
Answer: B

83. Assertion statements are used for:

A. Database creation B. Assumptions in the code
C. Syntax checking D. Debugging hardware
Answer: B
84. Cyclomatic complexity measures:
A. Code quality B. Number of test cases
C. Decision points in code D. Execution time
Answer: D

85. Refactoring aims to:

A. Reduce testing
B. Improve internal code structure without changing functionality
C. Reformat UI
D. Increase complexity
Answer: B

Software Quality, Maintainability, and Optimization

86. Software maintainability refers to:
A. Installation ease B. Ease of fixing and updating software
C. User interface quality D. File structure
Answer: B

87. DRY principle stands for:

A. Don't Repeat Yourself B. Don’t Rewrite Yet
C. Debug Regularly Yourself D. Delete Repetitive YAML
Answer: A

88. KISS principle promotes:

A. Keep It Super Simple B. Keep Input Static
C. Kill Internal Server D. Keep Inheritance Strict
Answer: A

89. Software quality can be assessed by:

A. User manual B. Metrics, reviews, and testing
C. Developer feedback D. Deployment time
Answer: B

90. Regression testing is done to:

A. Track new features B. Confirm that updates didn’t break existing code
C. Test UI D. Log errors
Answer: B

91. Performance optimization often targets:

A. UI coloring B. Code execution speed and memory usage
C. License models D. Diagramming tools
Answer: B

92. Code modularity improves:

A. Code duplication B. Reusability and testing
C. Storage needs D. Runtime
Answer: B

93. Logging is used to:

A. Comment code B. Track runtime behavior and errors
C. Design GUIs D. Remove bugs
Answer: B
94. A memory leak occurs when:
A. File is not saved B. Memory is allocated but never released
C. Variable is declared twice D. Compiler hangs
Answer: B

95. Profilers are used to:

A. Clean code B. Analyze performance and memory usage
C. Test GUI D. Backup data
Answer: B

96. Using constants instead of hard-coded values:

A. Makes code dynamic B. Slows performance
C. Increases bugs D. Breaks inheritance
Answer: A

97. Modular code is:

A. Hard to read B. Divided into manageable units
C. Fully inline D. Obfuscated
Answer: B

98. Dead code is:

A. Required code B. Code that is never executed
C. Loops D. Test cases
Answer: B

99. Defensive programming involves:

A. Using asserts B. Planning for incorrect input and failures
C. Preventing compilation D. Avoiding functions
Answer: B

100. Final code quality is ensured by:

A. Just compiling B. Peer review, testing, and adherence to standards
C. Faster writing D. Static methods
Answer: B