Philippine National AIDS Council

Session Objectives
At the end of the module, the
participants should be able to:

▲ Define and differentiate STI, HIV, and AIDS

▲ Explain how HIV is transmitted from one
person to another
▲ Correct misconceptions about how HIV is
acquired
▲ Discuss how HIV affects the body
▲ Learn how HIV and AIDS can be prevented
as well as treated and managed
Philippine National AIDS Council
Source of graphic: the-sticlinic.com

Philippine National AIDS Council

 Bacterial Viral Protozoal Fungal Skin
Parasites
◼ Gonorrhea ◼ Genital herpes ◼ Trichomonas ◼ Candidiasis ◼ Pubic Lice
◼ Syphilis ◼ Genital warts ◼ Scabies
◼ Genital passed on by
◼ Chlamydia
close body
◼ Chancroid molluscum contact & do
not require
◼ HIV actual
penetrative
◼ Hepatitis B * intercourse

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Pain passing urine Severe itchiness Pain

Yellowish/abnormal Ulcerations Abdominal pain

discharge

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♠ Caused by bacteria called
neisseria gonorrheae
♠ Usual incubation period is
3 to 7 days
♠ Can be spread through
sexual contact
♠ Can affect genitals, throat
and anus

Symptoms
♠ Yellowish/ Purulent
discharge (tulo)
♠ Pelvic inflammation in
women
♠ Scrotal swelling in men

Philippine National AIDS Council

♠ Caused by chlamydia
trachomatis
♠ Can infect the cervix,
urethra, rectum, throat
and eyes
♠ Also known as the
silent STI
Symptoms
♠ Pelvic inflammation
♠ Discharge
♠ Scrotal swelling in men

Philippine National AIDS Council

♠ Caused by spirochete treponema
pallidum
♠ Chronic systemic disease (9-90 days)
♠ The organism moves through skin or
mucus membrane and into the
bloodstream
♠ Can be transmitted through mother to
child, blood transfusion, sexual contact Source: Robert Taylor MD at
www.healthac.org

Symptom
♠ Lesions

Philippine National AIDS Council

♠ Caused by Symptoms
human papilloma ♠ Lesions
virus (HPV) ♠ Warty growths
♠ Transmitted
directly from skin
to skin during
sexual contact

Philippine National AIDS Council

♠ Caused by Symptoms
herpes ♠ Multiple, painful
simplex virus 2 shallow ulcers
♠ Incubation ♠ Painful urination
period is 2-12
days

Philippine National AIDS Council

 This virus can only infect
human beings

The effect of the virus is to

create a deficiency (a failure
to work properly) within the
body’s immune system

This organism is a retro virus,

which means it can reproduce
itself by taking over the
machinery of the human cell

Source: UNAIDS. Training manual on HIV & AIDS for Catholic Church pastoral workers. Makati: UNAIDS. 2007.

Philippine National AIDS Council

 http://whatnext.tht.org.uk/simplescience/ourimmunesystem/

Philippine National AIDS Council

 Infectious agent:
HIV
Susceptible Reservoir:
host: Humans
Humans

Portal of ENTRY: Modes of transmission:

Lining of the vagina, Sex Portal of EXIT:
rectum, and opening of the Injection Drug Use Blood
urethra in males; Mother to Child Semen
Wounds or breaks in the Other transfer of body Vaginal Fluid
skin fluid Breast milk

Philippine National AIDS Council

 BLOOD
SEMEN
VAGINAL/CERVICAL FLUID
BREASTMILK
Philippine National AIDS Council
Status of
Immune
System INTRODUCTION OF
TREATMENT (OI/ARV)

HIV AIDS
DEATH
Infection Condition

0
Asymptomatic Symptomatic
Window period Stage Stage
(3 wks – 6 mos) No signs and With signs and
symptoms symptoms
Philippine National AIDS Council
 ACQUIRED The infection may be transmitted from
one person to another

IMMUNE The immune system is compromised

The body can no longer fight off

DEFICIENCY infections; individual may suffer from
two or more opportunistic infections

SYNDROME A person experiences a collection of

symptoms which could be fatal

Source:
UNAIDS. Training manual on HIV & AIDS for Catholic Church pastoral workers.

Philippine National AIDS Council

It is an infection or malignancy that
attacks the body by taking advantage of
an immune system that has been
severely weakened by an advanced HIV
infection
Source: Avert.org

Philippine National AIDS Council

 Lung
infection
(ex. TB)

Swollen lymph
Fungal infections nodes

Kaposi’s
sarcoma,
Photos from World Vision,
shingles
COH

Philippine National AIDS Council

Source of illustration: DOH, Remedios AIDS
Foundation, UNICEF

Philippine National AIDS Council

 ► Blood transfusion from
an HIV-infected donor
Source: DOH, Remedios AIDS
Foundation, UNICEF & sharing of infected
syringes and needles

Philippine National AIDS Council

From an
HIV-
infected
mother to
her child
►natural ► breast-
► During delivery feeding
pregnancy Source of illustrations: DOH, Remedios AIDS
Foundation, UNICEF

Philippine National AIDS Council

❑ Casual contacts (sharing food and
utensils, shaking hands, hugging or kissing,
coughing, sneezing, using public phone,
visiting a hospital)
❑ Feces, urine, saliva, sweat, tears
❑ Donating blood
❑ Sharing toilets
❑ Insect bites
❑ Swimming
pools
Sources of illustrations: DOH, Remedios AIDS
Foundation, UNICEF; UNODC

Philippine National AIDS Council

 How can I
protect myself
from HIV?

Philippine National AIDS Council

 Infectious agent:
HIV
Susceptible Reservoir:
host: Humans
Humans

Portal of ENTRY: Modes of

Lining of the transmission: Portal of EXIT:
vagina or rectum, Sex Blood
Injection Drug Use Semen
upper digestive
Mother to Child Vaginal Fluid
tract in infants, or
Other transfer of Breast milk
breaks in the skin blood
Philippine National AIDS Council
 BSTINENCE: Do not have sex. In the case
of adolescents, delaying sexual debut (age
of first sexual encounter) will help.
E monogamous: Have ONE sexual
partner
orrect and consistent use of ONDOM
and safer sex practices
O NOT inject drugs
ducation & arly detection

Philippine National AIDS Council

 WV-COH
Slide (S2.2) 26
Philippine National AIDS Council
HIV-positive women can still give
birth to HIV-negative babies if they
follow certain precautions:

► Take ARVs during pregnancy

► Deliver the baby thru caesarian
operation
► Use infant formula instead of
breast milk

Philippine National AIDS Council

♠ Drug use and excessive alcohol intake can impair
an individual’s decision-making process, putting
him/her in a situation where infection may occur.

♠ The risk of HIV transmission can be reduced if

individuals would change their risky behaviors
and practices.

♠ Education is important. People should be provided

with correct, accurate, and reliable information on
how they can protect themselves from HIV.

Philippine National AIDS Council

Philippine National AIDS Council