MODULE3

COURSELEARNI
NGOUTCOMES

Att
heendoft
hismodul
est
udent
sar
eabl
eto:

1.Defi
nemor ali
tybasedont hei
rvaluesofunder
standi
ngri
ghtfr
om wrong.
2.Explai
nt herelat
ionshipbet weenethi
csandcultur
e.
3.Appreciatethedifferentperspect
ivesofri
ghtandwrongbasedonthe
diff
erencesofev erypersonandcommuni ty.

CONTENTSOFTHEMODULE
Thi
smodul
econt
ainst
hef
oll
owi
ngl
essons:
Lesson7:Dy
nami
csofCul
tur
e
Lesson8:TheFi
li
pinoWay

LESSON7:DYNAMI
CSOFCULTURE
Lear
ningOut
comes
Att
heendoft
hemodul
e,y
oushoul
dbeabl
eto:

1.Expl
aincul
tur
alr
elat
ivi
sm i
ndi
ff
erentv
iews.

2.Di
scusspr
ofoundl
ytheadv
ant
agesanddi
sadv
ant
agesofcul
tur
alr
elat
ivi
sm.

3.Analyzethecr
uci
alqual
it
iesoft
heFi
li
pinomor
ali
dent
it
yint
hei
rownmor
al
exper
iences

4.Ev
aluat
etheel
ement
sthatneedt
obechanged.

I
ntr
oduct
ion

Thecross-culturalrel
ationshi pistheideathatpeopl efrom diff
erent
culturescanhav er elat
ionshipst hatacknowl edge,respectandbegi nt o
under standeachot her'sdiverselives.Peoplewi t
hdi ff
erentbackgr oundscan
helpeachot herseepossi bi
lit
iest hattheynev erthoughtwer etherebecauseof
l
imi tati
ons,orculturalproscript
ions, posedbyt heirownt radi
tions.Tradit
ional
pract i
cesincer t
ainculturescanr estr
ictopportunit
ybecauset heyare"wrong"
accor dingtoonespeci ficculture.Becomi ngawar eoft hesenewpossi bi
li
ties
willulti
matelychanget hepeopl et hatareexposedt othenewi deas.

Thi
scr oss-
cul
turalr
elat
ionshipprovi
deshopethatnewopport
unit
ieswil
l
bediscoveredbutatthesamet imeitisthr
eateni
ng.Thethr
eati
sthatoncethe
rel
ati
onshipoccurs,onecannol ongerclai
mthatanysingl
ecult
urei
sthe
absolut
etruth.
 Theconceptofcul
tur
alr
elat
ivi
sm asweknowandusei ttodaywas
est
abl
ishedasananalyt
ict
oolbyGerman-Amer
icanant
hropologistFr
anzBoas
i
ntheearly20t
hcentur
y.

Wer ecogni
zethatt hemanyculturesoft hewor l
dhavetheirownbel i
efs,
val
ues,andpract
icesthathavedevelopedi npar t
icul
arhist
ori
cal,pol
it
ical,
social
,
mater
ial,
andecologicalcont
extsandt hatitmakessenset hattheywoul ddif
fer
f
rom ourownandt hatnonearenecessar il
yrightorwr ongorgoodorbad, then
weareengagingtheconceptofculturalrel
ati
v ism.

Lear
ningCont
ent
DEFI
NITI
ONOFCULTURALRELATI
VISM
Bel
owar
ethedef
ini
ti
onsofcul
tur
alr
elat
ivi
sm oft
hev
ari
ousaut
hor
s:

 Cul
turalrel
ati
vism meanst hatwedonotj udgeasoci et
ybyourown
cr
it
eriaofwhati srightorwr ong, oddornat ural.Rather
,wewi llmakean
ef
forttounderstandt heculturalt radit
ionsofot hercommuni tiesinthei
r
ownculturalt
ext.(htt
ps:
//www.khanacademy.
org/t
estpr
ep/
meat/
soci
ety
-and-
cul
tur
e/cul
tur
e/a/
cul
tur
al-
rel
ati
vism-ar
ti
cle)

 Cult
uralr
elat
ivi
sm isthedesir
etoconsideracul t
ureoni tsownt er
msand
nottomakeconclusionsbasedonthenor msofone' sowncommuni ty.
Thegoalofthisi
st ofost
ertheawarenessoft hecul tur
altraditi
onsthat
arenotusual
lypartofone'sowncul
ture.(Phi
losophyHome,2009.
htt
p:/
/www.cult
ural
-r
elati
vism.
com Lor
ber,Judi
th."Nightt
oHisDay"
:TheSocialConstr
uct
ion
ofGender.
"From I
nquir
ytoAcademi cWri
ti
ng:At extandReader
.Boston:Bedf
ordSt.Mart
in'
s,
2008.617-
)

 Theconceptofcul t ur
alr elativi
sm al someanst hatanyopi niononet hicsis
subjectt ot heper spect iveofeachper sonwi thintheirpar ti
cularcul tur
e.In
ahol i
st i
cunder standi ngoft heterm cul turalrelativ
ism, ittri
est opr omot e
theunder standi ngofcul t
ur alpracticest hatar eunf ami l
iartoot hercult ur
es
suchaseat ingi nsects, genoci desorgeni talcut t
ing.
(ht
tps:
//courses.
lumenlear
ning.com/cul
tur
alant
hropology/
chapter
/cul
tur
al-
rel
ativ
ism/)

 Culturalrelat
ivi
sm isamor altheoryt
hatcontendsthatthereareno
objectiveuniversalmor alr
ules,andthemor alr
ulesthatdoexistare
cul
t ural
lybound.I notherwor ds,ther
eisanegativeclai
mt hatthereareno
mor alclaimssuchast hatkil
li
ngi swrongthatwouldapplytoev erycul
tur
e,
andt hereisaposi ti
vecl ai
mt hattherearemoralrul
es,buttheyv ar
y
dependi ngoncul tur
e,societyandcont ext.
(
htt
p:/
/dav
idagl
er.
com/
teachi
ngbi
oet
hics.
ethi
cal
theor
ies.
Handout
2_Cul
tur
alRel
ati
vism.
pdf
)

 Gener ally,Culturalrelativ
ism isanat tit
udet owar dst
hemeaningandrol
e
ofv al
uesi nv ari
ouscul tures.CRmeanst hatt hebeli
etsi
ntermsofnor
ms
andbehav i
orsi napar t
icularculturearespeci fictot
hatsoci
ety
.
(ht
tps:
//shodhganga.
inf
li
bnet.
ac.i
n10603-
51330-
9.09.202.pdf
)

Thedefi
nit
ionsofcult
uralrelat
ivi
sm st
atedabovearesummar i
zedtothe
fol
lowi
ng:
1.Incul
turalr
elati
vism,noonecanj udgeasocietybyt
hei
rstandar
dsi
n
thepri
ncipl
eofr i
ghtorwr ong,
eccentri
cornatural
.

2.Peopl
emustunder
standot
hersoci
eti
escul
tur
es
 3.Incultur
alr
elat
ivi
sm, t
heaim st
rengthenourknowl edgeand
i
nterpr
etati
onofthepracti
cesandculturalt
radi
tionthatar
enotpar
tof
ourcul
tureandthatnotuncommont oot hercul
tures.

4.Cul
turalr
elati
vism i
samor alt
heorythatcl
aimsthei
deaofno
obj
ecti
veuniversalmoralrul
esthatwouldapplyt
oever
ycult
ureandi
t
var
iesdependingont hecult
ureofthesociet
y.

Cult
uralrelati
vism i
swi del
yaccept edinmoder nant hr
opology.Cult
uralrel
ativi
stsbeliev
ethat
al
lcult
uresar eworthyintheirownr i
ghtandar eofequalvalue.Div
ersit
yofcul t
ures,eventhose
wi
thconf l
icti
ngmor albel
iefs,
isnottobeconsi deredintermsofr i
ghtandwr ongorgoodand
bad.Today'santhropol
ogistsconsideral
lcultur
estobeequal lylegi
ti
mat eexpressionsofhuman
exi
stence,t
obest udiedfromapur elyneutralper
spectiv
e.

Her
eunderar
etheadv
ant
agesofcul
tur
alr
elat
ivi
sm:

1.I
tisasy
stem whi
chpr
omot
escooper
ati
on.Fort
hemostpar
t,humani
tyi
s
st
rongbecauseoft
hedi
ff
erencesweal
lhav
e.Ev
eryi
ndi
vidualhasadi
ff
erent
per
spect
ivet
hati
sbasedont
hei
rupbr
ingi
ng,
exper
iences,
andper
sonal
t
hought
s.

2.I
tcr
eat
esasoci
etywher
eequal
it
yispossi
ble.I
nanysoci
ety
,peopl
eri
seby
cl
imbi
ngont
opofot
herpeopl
e.I
tisasoci
all
yaccept
abl
ewayofcr
eat
ing
di
scr
imi
nat
ion.Weseet
hist
odayi
nthewagegapt
hatwomenf
ace,
the
educat
ionaloppor
tuni
ti
est
hatmi
nor
it
ygr
oupsf
ace,
andt
hev
iol
encewesee
becauseofpol
it
icaloppr
essi
on.

3.
Peopl
ecanpur
sueagenui
nei
nter
est
.Int
hemoder
nsoci
ety
,peopl
ear
e
f
unnel
edt
owar
dcer
tai
ncar
eeropt
ionsbecauseoft
hei
rci
rcumst
ances.I
fyou
can'
taf
for
dtogot
ocol
lege,
theny
oupur
sueav
ocat
ionalcar
eerorsomesor
tof
ent
repr
eneur
shi
pinst
eadofacar
eert
hatr
equi
resagr
aduat
edegr
ee.I
fyoucan'
t
af
for
dtobuyahouse,
yougor
entanapar
tment
.

4.Respecti
sencour
agedi
nasy
stem ofcul
tur
alr
elat
ivi
sm.Peopl
ecomef
rom
di
ff
erentcul
tur
es.Theyhav
edi
ff
erenti
deas.Theypur
suedi
ff
erentdef
ini
ti
onsof
success.Becausesuchasy
stem pr
omot
est
hei
ndi
vidual
'
sdef
ini
ti
oni
nst
eadof
agr
oupdef
ini
ti
on,
asoci
etycanev
olv
ebecauset
her
eisanat
urall
evelof
r
espectbui
lti
ntot
hepr
ocess.

5.I
tpr
eser
veshumancul
tur
es.Humani
tyi
sav
erydi
ver
sesetoft
hought
s.
t
radi
ti
ons,
ideas,
andpr
act
ices.Manyt
imes,
thet
radi
ti
onsofhumani
tyar
eset
asi
desot
hatasetofst
andar
dscanbeappeased.
6.Cul
tur
alr
elat
ivi
sm cr
eat
esasoci
etywi
thoutj
udgment
.Wear
esot
rai
nedt
o
j
udgeot
her
sint
oday
'swor
ldt
hatwedon'
tev
engi
vei
tasecondt
hought
.
Looki
ngatsomeoneandsay
ing,
"Gl
adt
hati
sn'
tme,
"isaj
udgment
.Undert
he
t
heor
yofcul
tur
alr
elat
ivi
sm,
judgmentgoesaway
.Theonl
yper
sont
hatj
udges
y
oui
syour
sel
f.

7.Mor
alr
elat
ivi
sm canbeexcl
udedf
rom cul
tur
alr
elat
ivi
sm.Eachcul
tur
ecanbe
t
reat
edasani
ndi
vidualundert
het
heor
yofcul
tur
alr
elat
ivi
sm.Thi
smeanst
he
mor
alcodesofacul
tur
ecanbedef
inedandanexpect
ati
oni
mpl
ement
edt
hat
peopl
efol
lowi
t.Al
thoughot
hercul
tur
esmaynotsetupsuchar
est
ri
cti
on,
and
ot
her
smi
ghtsaysuchar
est
ri
cti
oni
sn'
tat
ruef
orm ofcul
tur
alr
elat
ivi
sm,
peopl
e
i
nsuchasy
stem candowhatmakest
hemostsensef
ort
hem.You'
ref
ocusi
ng
ont
hecust
omsofacul
tur
e,nott
hemor
ali
tyt
hati
simposedupont
hose
cust
oms.

8.Wecancr
eat
eper
sonalmor
alcodesbasedonsoci
etalst
andar
dswi
thease.
Todet
ermi
nei
fadeci
sionwoul
dbe"
ri
ght
"or"
wrong,
"cul
tur
alr
elat
ivi
sm al
lows
i
ndi
vidual
stoconsul
twi
tht
hest
andar
dsoft
hei
rsoci
etyorcul
tur
e.I
tisasi
mpl
e
t
estt
odet
ermi
net
hecour
set
hataper
sonshoul
dtakei
nsuchaci
rcumst
ance.
Byconsul
ti
ngwi
tht
hemor
alcodeoft
hecul
tur
e,onequest
ionmustbeasked:
doest
heact
ionconf
ormt
othecul
tur
almor
alcode?I
fitdoes,
thent
heact
ioni
s
per
mit
ted.

9.I
tst
opscul
tur
alcondi
ti
oni
ng.Peopl
etendt
oadaptt
hei
rat
ti
tudes,
thought
s,
andbel
ief
stot
hepeopl
etheyar
ewi
thonar
egul
arbasi
s.Thi
siscul
tur
al
condi
ti
oni
ngandi
tpr
event
speopl
efr
om hav
ingani
ndi
vidual
ist
icper
spect
ive.
Cul
tur
alr
elat
ivi
sm st
opst
his.

Thedi
sadv
ant
agesar
easf
oll
ows:

1.I
tcr
eat
esasy
stem t
hati
sfuel
edbyper
sonalbi
as.Ev
erysoci
etyhasacer
tai
n
nat
uralbi
ast
oitbecauseofhowhumani
tyoper
ates.Peopl
etendt
opr
efert
obe
wi
thot
her
swhohav
esi
mil
art
hought
sandf
eel
ings,
sot
heysegr
egat
e
t
hemsel
vesi
ntonei
ghbor
hoods,
communi
ti
es,
andsoci
algr
oupst
hatshar
e
speci
fi
cper
spect
ives.
2.I
twoul
dcr
eat
echaos.Peopl
ewhocanf
oll
owt
hei
rownmor
alcodebecause
t
her
eisno"
wrong"or"
ri
ght
"woul
dbeal
lowedt
opur
sueanyl
if
etheypr
efer
red
undert
het
heor
yofcul
tur
alr
elat
ivi
sm.

3.I
tisani
deat
hati
sbasedont
heper
fect
ionofhumani
ty.Manypeopl
est
ri
vet
o
dogoodev
eryday
.Mostwantt
oseeev
ery
onehav
ethechancet
opur
sue
happi
nessi
nsomeway
.Thati
swhyt
hei
deaofcul
tur
alr
elat
ivi
sm of
tenseems
t
obei
nvi
ti
ng.Theonl
ypr
obl
em i
sthatpeopl
ear
enotper
fect
.Wecanbe
f
orget
ful
.Wecanl
ie.

4.I
tcoul
dpr
omot
eal
ackofdi
ver
sit
y.Cul
tur
alr
elat
ivi
sm pr
omot
esan
i
ndi
vidual
ist
icpoi
ntofv
iew,
soal
thoughi
tseemst
opr
omot
edi
ver
sit
y,i
tact
ual
ly
r
emov
esi
tfr
om asoci
ety
.

5.I
tdr
awspeopl
eawayf
rom oneanot
her
.Al
thoughcul
tur
alr
elat
ivi
sm can
pr
omot
epeopl
ecomi
ngt
oget
hert
oshar
ethei
rst
rengt
hs,
itcanal
soencour
age
peopl
etodr
awapar
tfr
om oneanot
her
.

6.I
tcoul
dli
mitmor
alpr
ogr
ess.Whenwel
ookatt
hei
deaofmor
alpr
ogr
ess,
we
t
hinkofbecomi
ngmor
eincl
usi
onar
yinst
eadofexcl
usi
onar
y.Thi
sincl
usi
oni
s
r
efl
ect
edi
nthel
awsandcust
omsoft
hecul
tur
e.

7.I
tcoul
dli
mithumani
ty'
spr
ogr
ess.Weof
tent
hinkoft
heconceptofcul
tur
al
r
elat
ivi
sm aspr
ogr
essi
on,
buti
tisn'
tnecessar
il
ythatway
.Wheny
our
emov
ethe
abi
li
tyt
ojudgeonest
andar
dfr
om anot
her
,thent
hecompar
ati
vepr
ocessof
pl
aci
ngacur
rentsoci
etyorcul
tur
eagai
nstapastonei
sremov
edaswel
l.

8.Cul
tur
alr
elat
ivi
sm cant
urnper
cept
ionsi
ntot
rut
h.I
t'
sadar
kni
ghtandi
tis
war
m out
side.At
eeni
swal
kingdownanal
leywear
ingahoodi
eandt
hehoodi
s
up.Hi
shandsar
ejammedi
ntohi
spocket
sandt
her
eisabul
gei
noneoft
hem.
I
nthi
sscenar
io,
somepeopl
emayaut
omat
ical
lyassumet
hatt
het
eeni
supt
o
"
nogood.
"Thebul
gemi
ghtev
enbeaweaponundert
hatassumpt
ion.I
nthe
wor
ldofcul
tur
alr
elat
ivi
sm,
thatbi
asbecomesat
rut
hthatcanbeact
edupon.I
t
doesn'
tmat
teri
fthebul
gei
sagunorapackageofSki
tt
les.Thedeci
siont
oact
becomesar
ight
eousonebecauseoft
hei
ndi
vidualt
rut
hthatt
hecul
tur
eal
lowed
t
hrought
hebi
asi
tper
pet
rat
es.

Thecul
tur
alr
elat
ivi
sm'
sadv
ant
agesanddi
sadv
ant
ageswhi
char
edi
scussedar
e
basedont
het
heor
eti
cali
mpl
ement
ati
onofsuchasy
stem.Or
igi
nal
lypr
oposed
byFr
anzBoasi
n1887,
iti
sani
deat
hathasnev
erbeeni
mpl
ement
edonal
arge
scal
e.Mor
alst
andar
dsmakesensei
naper
son'
scul
tur
e.Bycr
eat
ing
i
ndi
vidual
izedcul
tur
es,
onsi
ngul
arorl
argerscal
es,
itdoesbecomeeasi
ert
o
keepandembr
acet
het
radi
ti
onst
hathumani
tyhasdev
elopedov
ert
hemi
ll
enni
a.
LESSON8:THEFI
LIPI
NOWAY
Lear
ningOut
comes
Att
heendoft
hechapt
er,
youshoul
dbeabl
eto:

1.Anal
yzet
hecr
uci
alqual
it
iesoft
heFi
li
pinomor
ali
dent
it
yint
hei
rownmor
al
exper
iences

2.Ev
aluat
etheel
ement
sthatneedt
obechanged

I
ntr
oduct
ion

Ourcul
tur
eisabi
gref
lect
ionofourgr
eatandcompl
exhi
stor
y.I
tisi
nfl
uenced
bymostoft
hepeopl
ewehav
eint
eract
edwi
th.Abl
endoft
heMal
ayo-
Pol
ynesi
anandHi
spani
ccul
tur
ewi
tht
hei
nfl
uencef
rom Chi
nese,
Indi
ansAr
abs,
andot
herAsi
ancul
tur
esr
eal
lycont
ri
but
etot
hecust
omsandt
radi
ti
onsoft
he
Fi
li
pinos.

Fi
li
pinocul
tur
eisuni
quecompar
edt
oot
herAsi
ancount
ri
es,
ari
dbel
ief
sappl
ied
ev
erydayi
nthel
if
eoft
heFi
li
pinosr
evealhowr
ichandbl
essedt
hecul
tur
ethe
peopl
ehav
e.

TheFi
li
pinoCust
omsandTr
adi
ti
ons

Whati
sitaboutt
hePhi
li
ppi
nest
hatmakesi
tdi
ff
erentf
rom t
her
estoft
hewor
ld?
Wel
l,
foronet
hing,
iti
sal
laboutt
hei
rcul
tur
e.

Whenchi
ldr
enory
oungpeopl
egr
eetorsaygoodby
etot
hei
rel
der
stheyt
ypi
cal
ly
dosobyt
aki
ngt
her
ighthandoft
heel
derwi
tht
hei
rri
ghthandandt
hebackt
he
el
der
'shandl
ight
lyont
hei
rfor
ehead.I
tisawayofgi
vingr
espectt
otheel
der
s
andi
tisbel
iev
edt
hati
sal
soawayofr
ecei
vingbl
essi
ngt
otheel
der
s."
Manopo"
i
sthet
erm usedwhenki
ssi
ngt
hehandsofel s.Manoi
der saSpani
shwor
dfor
"
hand"whi
lepoi
susedatt
heendoft
hesent
encewhenaddr
essi
ngel
der
sor
super
ior
s.

TheFi
li
pinosar
eoneoft
hemosthospi
tabl
epeopl
eyoumayf
indany
wher
e.
For
eignv
isi
tor
sint
hecount
ryar
etr
eat
edwi
tht
heut
mostr
espect
.Thi
str
aiti
s
usual
lyseendur
ingf
iest
asandhol
iday
swher
emanyFi
li
pinosar
egi
vingt
hei
r
bestt
oent
ert
aint
hei
rvi
sit
orswel
l.

I
tisamazi
ngt
oseet
hatev
ent
hesi
mpl
esthomeal
ongt
her
oadopensi
tsdoor
t
oast
ranger
.ForFi
li
pinos,
tobeabl
etoser
veot
her
sgi
vest
hem honorof
showi
ngt
ruef
ri
endshi
p.Fi
li
pinohospi
tal
it
yisat
rai
tyoucan'
ttakeawayf
rom
t
hem.

1.Hav
ingCl
oseFami
lyTi
esi
sal
sooneoft
hei
runi
quet
rai
ts.I
tisoneoft
he
out
standi
ngcul
tur
alv
aluest
hatFi
li
pinoshav
e.Thef
ami
lyt
akescar
eofeach
ot
herandar
etaughtt
obel
oyalt
ofami
lyandel
der
sbysi
mpl
yobey
ingt
hei
r
aut
hor
it
ies.Thi
sisoneoft
heuni
quechar
act
eri
sti
csofFi
li
pinos.

2.TheBay
ani
han-I
tist
hespi
ri
tofcommunal
uni
tyoref
for
ttoachi
eveapar
ti
cul
arobj
ect
ive.

3.Cour
tshi
p-WeFi
li
pinosar
ever
yromant
ic
wheni
tcomest
ohear
taf
fai
rs.Ser
enadi
ngor
Har
anai
nTagal
ogi
soneoft
hemostpopul
ar
f
ormsofcour
tshi
ptoshowt
hatamani
sver
y
ser
iouswi
thhi
sint
ent
ionst
oawoman.

4.Rel
igi
on-ThePhi
li
ppi
nesi
soneoft
wopr
edomi
nant
lyRomanCat
hol
icnat
ions
i
nAsi
a-Paci
fi
c.Thei
rhabi
tofgoi
ngt
ochur
chandof
tenpr
ayi
ngr
efl
ect
sthat
Fi
li
pinoshav
eadeepf
ait
handbel
iefwheni
tcomest
orel
igi
on.

5.Super
sti
ti
on-I
nthePhi
li
ppi
nes,
super
sti
ti
ousbel
ief
shav
egr
ownt
hroughout
t
hecount
ry.Thesebel
ief
shav
ecomef
rom t
hedi
ff
erentsay
ingsandbel
ief
sof
ourancest
orst
hatai
mtopr
eventdangerf
rom happeni
ngort
omakeaper
son
r
efr
ainf
rom doi
ngsomet
hingi
npar
ti
cul
ar.

6.Cui
sine-
ThePhi
li
ppi
nesi
sconsi
der
edt
hemel
ti
ngpotofAsi
a.Ther
ich
medl
eyofChi
nese,
Mal
ay,
Spani
sh,
Mexi
can,
Amer
ican,
andI
ndi
ancooki
ngar
e
not
icedi
nPhi
li
ppi
necui
sine.Eat
ingouti
soneoft
hef
avor
it
eFi
li
pinopast
ti
mes.
Ri
cei
sast
apl
eint
heFi
li
pinodi
et,
andi
susual
lyeat
ent
oget
herwi
thot
her
di
shes.Fi
li
pinosr
egul
arl
yusespoonst
oget
herwi
thf
orksandkni
ves.Someal
so
eatwi
tht
hei
rhands,
especi
all
yini
nfor
malset
ti
ngs,
andwheneat
ingseaf
ood.

7.Mar
ri
ageandWeddi
ngCust
oms-I
nthecount
ry,
mar
ri
agei
sasacr
eduni
onof
manandwomenaf
teraper
iodofcour
tshi
pandengagement
.Iti
sasacr
ament
bet
weent
wopeopl
ewhol
oveeach
ot
her
s.FormanyFi
li
pinos,
theet
ernal
qual
it
yofdedi
cat
iont
oGodper
vadesa
t
rul
ysacr
edmar
ri
age.

8.Deat
hint
hePhi
li
ppi
nesi
soneoft
he
mosti
mpor
tantoccasi
onsi
nfami
lyl
if
e.
FormanyFi
li
pinos,
adeat
hofr
elat
ivesi
s
anoppor
tuni
tyt
ost
rengt
hent
iesi
ntheFami
ly
.Topayr
espectandhonort
he
r
elat
ionshi
ptot
hedeceased,
longl
ostr
elat
ives,
fri
ends,
andev
enr
elat
ives
wor
kingabr
oadar
ereuni
ted.

9.Soci
ety-
Thepr
imar
yancest
orsofFi
li
pinosar
eMal
ayswhocamef
rom t
he
sout
heast
ernAsi
ancount
rywhi
chi
snowcal
ledI
ndonesi
a.ThePhi
li
ppi
nesi
sa
combi
nedsoci
ety
,bot
hsi
ngul
arandpl
urali
nfor
m.I
tissi
ngul
arasonenat
ion,
butpl
urali
nthati
tisf
ragment
edgeogr
aphi
cal
lyandcul
tur
all
y.Thenat
ioni
s
di
videdbet
weenChr
ist
ians,
Musl
ims,
andot
herr
eli
gious-
ethno-
li
ngui
sti
cgr
oups;
bet
weenur
banandr
uralpeopl
e;bet
weenupl
andandl
owl
andpeopl
e;and
bet
weent
her
ichandt
hepoor
.Al
thoughdi
ff
erenti
nnumer
ousway
s,t
he
Fi
li
pinosar
ever
yhospi
tabl
eandgi
veappr
opr
iat
erespectt
oev
ery
body
r
egar
dlessofr
ace,
cul
tur
eandbel
ief
.

10.Chr
ist
masi
nthePhi
li
ppi
nesi
sconsi
der
edasoneoft
hebi
ggesthol
iday
sin
t
hear
chi
pel
ago.Weear
nedt
hedi
sti
nct
ionofcel
ebr
ati
ngt
hewor
ld’
slongest
Chr
ist
masseasonwi
thChr
ist
mascar
olshear
dasear
lyasSept
emberand
l
ast
ingunt
ilEpi
phany
,thef
eastoft
heBl
ackNazar
eneonJanuar
y9ort
heFeast
oft
heSant
oNi
ñodeCebúont
het
hir
dSundayofJanuar
y.

11.Fi
est
asi
nthePhi
li
ppi
nesar
ehel
dtocel
ebr
ateapat
ronsai
nt.I
tispar
tand
par
celofFi
li
pinocul
tur
ethr
oughgoodt
imesandbadt
imes,
itmustgoon.For
i
ndi
vidualFi
li
pinos,
fiest
ascanbeawayofsuppl
icat
ingt
heheav
ensort
omake
amendsf
orpastwr
ongs.I
tisawayt
ocel
ebr
atet
hei
rbl
essi
ngs,
commemor
ate
t
hei
rpastandobser
vesol
emnr
eli
giousr
it
ual
s.Cel
ebr
ati
onsmayt
aket
hef
orm
ofmusi
c,danci
ng,
feast
ing,
beaut
ycont
est
s,bal
ls,
processi
ons,
spor
ts
chal
lengesorahostofot
herev
ent
s.

Spani
shi
nfl
uencei
sev
identi
ntheel
abor
atemasks,
makeup,
headdr
essesand
cost
umeswor
nbyt
her
evel
ers;
out
fi
tswhi
chof
tent
akemont
hsofpr
epar
ati
on.

12.Li
vingwi
thPar
ent
s-Fi
li
pinoshi
ghl
yval
uet
hepr
esenceoff
ami
lymor
ethan
any
thi
ng.Adul
tchi
ldr
enl
ivi
ngwi
tht
hei
rpar
ent
sar
eanot
herFi
li
pinot
radi
ti
onal
t
hatmaket
hem except
ional
.Unl
ikei
ntheUni
tedSt
ateswher
echi
ldr
enl
eav
ethe
homeaf
terf
ini
shi
nghi
ghschoolorcol
lege,
manyFi
li
pinoscont
inuel
ivi
ngwi
th
par
ent
sunt
ilt
heygetmar
ri
ed.
 Fi
li
pinos:WhoWeAr
e

Ev
erycount
ryhasi
tsdi
ff
eri
ngv
aluesandst
ereot
ypes,
andt
hePhi
li
ppi
nesi
sno
except
ion.WeFi
li
pinosf
ir
mlybel
iev
ethatourcount
ryhast
hebestv
aluesand
t
rai
tsi
nthewor
ld.Al
thoughwehav
ebeencol
oni
zedbysev
eralcount
ri
es,
many
cor
eval
uesf
rom ourancest
orsr
emai
nedi
ntactandar
est
il
lhonor
edt
othi
sday
.

1.Hospi
tabl
e

Thi
sisoneoft
hemostpopul
arqual
it
iesofFi
li
pinos.For
eigner
swhohav
egone
t
othePhi
li
ppi
nesf
indt
hemsel
vesf
all
ingi
nlov
ewi
tht
hewar
m hospi
tal
it
ythey
ar
eshown.I
t'
sadi
ff
erentki
ndofv
aluesy
stem,
whi
chhasexi
stedf
ort
housands
ofy
ear
s.

2.RespectandCour
tesy

Thi
sisof
tenobser
ved—notj
ustby
y
oungerpeopl
e—butal
sobypeopl
eofal
l
ages.

3.St
rongFami
lyTi
esandRel
igi
ons

Yes.Fi
li
pinosv
aluet
hei
rfami
li
esso
mucht
hatt
heyt
endt
okeepf
ami
li
es
i
ntactt
hrought
hegener
ati
ons.

4.Gener
osi
tyandHel
pful
ness

Fi
li
pinosar
egener
ouspeopl
e.Ev
enwhenwehav
ever
yli
tt
le,
weal
way
sshar
e
wi
tht
hosear
oundus.
5.St
rongWor
kEt
hic

Yes,
wear
ehar
dwor
kingpeopl
etot
hepoi
ntt
hatwear
ewi
ll
ingt
owor
kal
most
t
hewhol
edayj
ustt
ofeedourf
ami
li
es.That
'showFi
li
pinosar
e.

6.Lov
eandCar
ing

Fi
li
pinosar
ethesweet
estandmostl
ovi
ngpeopl
eint
hewor
ld.

Menar
esosweetandr
omant
icwheni
tcomest
olov
e.Theywi
llsendt
hei
r
bel
ovedf
lower
s,br
inghert
oav
eryr
omant
icpl
ace,
texthersweetquot
es,
and
t
ellof
tenhowspeci
alshei
stot
hem.

Fi
li
pinowomenar
eal
sor
omant
icandv
erycar
ing,
whi
chof
tenmakesf
orei
gner
s
wantt
omar
ryt
hem.Woment
endt
opr
epar
edi
nnerbef
oret
hei
rhusbandcomes
home.Theyar
elov
ing,
andv
aluet
her
elat
ionshi
p,al
way
sst
ayi
ngf
ait
hfult
othei
r
husbands.Theyl
ovedeepl
yandsi
ncer
ely
.

7.Fi
li
pinosar
ever
yresi
li
ent

I
nti
mesofcal
ami
ti
esandcat
ast
rophes,
Fil
ipi
nosal
way
smanaget
ori
seabov
e
t
hechal
lenge.I
nst
eadofwal
lowi
ng,
theymanaget
opi
ckt
hemsel
vesupand
smi
le.

8.Fi
li
pinost
akepr
idei
nthei
rfami
li
es

I
nthePhi
li
ppi
nes,
iti
sfami
lyf
ir
st.Sowhet
hery
ouar
epar
toft
hei
mmedi
ate
f
ami
lyory
oubel
ongt
othet
hir
dorf
our
thgener
ati
on,
youar
etr
eat
edasaf
ami
ly
member
.Somet
imes,
event
hecl
osestoff
ri
endsar
econsi
der
edf
ami
ly,
too.

St
rengt
handWeaknessesofFi
li
pinos

STRENGTHS WEAKNESS

1.Paki
kipagkapwa-
tao:Openi
ng 1.Ext
remePer
sonal
ism
y
our
sel
ftoot
her
sandf
eelonewi
th
-al
way
str
yingt
otogi
veper
sonal
ot
her
swi
thdi
gni
tyandr
espectdeal
i
nter
pret
ati
ont
oact
ions
wi
tht
hem asf
ell
owhumanbei
ngs.
-t
hanky
ouwi
th"
but
"(compl
iment
-
-senseoff
air
nessandj
ust
ice
cr
it
ici
sm-
compl
iment
)
-concer
nforot
her
s

-abi
li
tyt
oempat
hizewi
thot
her
s

-hel
pful
nessandgener
osi
ty

-pr
act
iceofhospi
tal
it
y

-sensi
ti
vet
oot
herf
eel
ingsandt
rust
2.Fami
lyOr
ient
ati
on:agenui
neand 2.Ext
remeFami
lyCent
eredness
deepl
ovef
orf
ami
ly
.
-st
rongf
ami
lypr
otect
iongoodorbad
-commi
tmentandr
esponsi
bil
it
y condi
ti
on

-honorandr
espect -
excessi
ve
concer
nfor
-gener
osi
tyandsacr
if
ice
f
ami
ly
-senseoft
rustandsecur
it
y means
usi
ngone’
s
of
fi
ceand
powert
o
pr
omot
e
f
ami
lyi
nter
est
sandt
husf
act
ional
ism
pat
ronage,
pol
it
icaldy
nast
iesandt
he
pr
otect
ionofer
ri
ngf
ami
lymember
s.

3.JoyandHumor:Fi
li
pinoshav
ea 3.LackofDi
sci
pli
ne:r
elaxedat
ti
tude
cheer
fulandf
un-
lov
ingappr
oacht
o butpoort
imemanagement
l
if
eandi
tsupanddown,
pleasant
di
sposi
ti
on,
asenseofhumorand
pr
opensi
tyf
orhappi
nesst
hat
cont
ri
but
enotonl
ytot
heFi
li
pino
char
m butal
sot
otheFi
li
pinoSpi
ri
t.
Wel
aughatt
hosewel
oveandhat
e.
Wet
endt
omakej
okeaboutourgood
andevenbadfor
tune,t
osmi
leev
eni
n -i
mpati
entandunabl
etodel
ay
themostt
ryi
ngoftimes. gr
ati
fi
cat
ionorr
eward

-emot
ionalbal
anceandopt
imi
sm -l
ovet
otakeshor
t-cut
sor'
pal
usot
'
sy
stem
-heal
thydi
srespectf
orpowerand
of
fi
ce. -car
elessness

4.Fl
exi
bil
it
y,Adapt
abi
li
tyand 4.Passi
vit
yandLackofI
nit
iat
ive:
Cr
eat
ivi
ty st
rongr
eli
ancet
oot
her
sfat
e

-y
eahpr
oudPi
noy
.It
'sal
lbecauseof
t
her
ace(
nat
ional
it
y/bl
ood)notby
5.Har
dWor
kandI
ndust
ry:capaci
ty
per
sonsat
ti
tude,
har
d-wor
k,dr
eam and
f
orhar
dwor
kgi
vent
orai
seone'
s
per
sev
eranceet
c.
st
andar
dli
vingofadecentl
if
efor
one'
sfami
ly.
 -v
erycompl
acent(
rel
ax)butt
hei
rrar
ely
i
sasenseofur
gency(
It
'sOKwehav
e1
6.Fai
thandRel
igi
osi
ty:Fai
thi
nGod-
dayl
eftt
ofi
nished,
justr
elax)
accept
ingr
eal
it
ytocompr
ehendasa
humancr
eat
edbyGod."
Pampal
akas- -t
oopat
ientwi
thoutanypl
anoract
ion
l
oob" (
mat
ii
sin)"
Bahal
anaSy
stem"-No
mat
terwhat
,Atl
eastwet
ri
ed.

-doubtanddebat
efi
rstt
hanst
udy
,
7.Abi
li
tyt
oSur
viv
e
di
scussunt
ilpl
anni
ngandact
ion

5.Col
oni
alMent
ali
ty:Pat
ri
oti
sm v
s
Act
iveawar
eness

-l
uckofl
oveandappr
eci
ati
ononwhat
t
heyhav
e

-openout
sidebutsi
de-
openorcl
ose
i
nsi
de

6.Kany
a-kany
aSy
ndr
ome:sel
f-
ser
ving
at
ti
tudet
hatgener
atesf
eel
ingofenv
y
andcompet
it
ivenesst
owar
dsot
her
s
(
stat
usv
spr
est
ige)
.

-per
sonalambi
ti
onbuti
nsensi
ti
vet
o
commongood

-cr
ab
ment
ali
ty

-l
ackof
appr
eci
ati
on
r
esul
ti
ng
unheal
thycompet
it
ion

7.LackofSel
fAnal
ysi
sandRef
lect
ion

-Somet
imessuper
fi
cialandf
li
ght
y

s on por
8.Emphasi ma r
ather t
han
 subst
ance

-
Thi
slackofanal
ysi
sandemphasi
son
f
ormi
srei
nfor
cedbyaneducat
ional
sy
stem t
hati
smor
efr
om t
han
subst
ance.

Theseweaknessesar
eroot
edi
nmanyf
act
ors:

o Home
o Social
o Economi cEnvi
ronment
o Cult
ureandLanguage
o Hist
ory
o Reli
gion
o EducationalSyst
em
o Massmedi a
o Leadership
o RoleModel s

Fol
lowi
ngGoal
sthatpr
oposedt
odev
elopi
ntheFi
li
pino:

o Asenseofpatr
iot
ism andnati
onalpr
ide
o Asenseofthecommongood
o Asenseofi
ntegri
tyandaccountabi
li
ty
o Theval
uesandhabitsofdi
scipl
ineandhar
dwork
o Theval
ueandhabitsofsel
f-r
efl
ecti
onandanal
ysi
s

Lear
ningAct
ivi
ti
es/
Exer
cises

Qui
z(Googl
eCl
assr
om)

END OFMODULE3