BCSE498J Project-II / CBS1904/CSE1904 - Capstone

Project

SMART CHILD SAFETY MONITORING SYSTEM BASED

ON IOT

21BCT0290 SHIVEN GUPTA

21BCE3687 DHRUV SHAH

Under the Supervision of

DR BERLIN M A
Associate Professor Grade 2
School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCOPE)

B.Tech.
in
Computer Science and Engineering
(with specialization in IOT )

School of Computer Science and Engineering

February 2025
 ABSTRACT
Child safety has always been a primary concern for parents and guardians, especially in
environments where risks such as abduction, wandering, and accidents are prevalent. With the
rapid advancements in technology, the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into child
monitoring systems offers a promising solution to enhance child safety measures. This project
proposes an IoT-based Smart Child Safety Monitoring System, incorporating real-time location
tracking, geofencing, motion detection, and emergency alert mechanisms to ensure a child's well-
being.
The proposed system consists of a wearable device embedded with GPS, an accelerometer, and a
panic button, which continuously transmits data to a mobile application. The GPS module provides
real-time location tracking, enabling parents to monitor their child's movements efficiently. The
accelerometer detects unusual motion patterns such as falls, sudden movements, or prolonged
inactivity, triggering alerts if necessary. The geofencing feature allows parents to define a safe
zone, and any breach of this zone prompts an immediate notification.
One of the key features of this system is its emergency alert mechanism. If the child senses danger,
they can press the panic button on the wearable device, which instantly sends an SOS alert to the
registered guardian along with the real-time location coordinates. This functionality ensures that
parents or guardians can act swiftly in case of emergencies. Additionally, the system is designed
to work efficiently with low power consumption, ensuring extended battery life and reducing the
need for frequent recharging.
Compared to existing child safety solutions, such as basic GPS trackers or smartwatches, this
system offers a more integrated and comprehensive approach. Many current solutions focus solely
on location tracking, neglecting other crucial aspects like motion detection and emergency
response. The integration of multiple features in a single wearable device provides a holistic
approach to child safety, making it more reliable and effective.
Another significant advantage of this system is its user-friendly mobile application. The
application provides a real-time dashboard displaying the child's location, movement history, and
alerts. It allows parents to customize geofencing settings, set notification preferences, and access
emergency contacts. The application also ensures data privacy by implementing secure
authentication and encryption protocols to prevent unauthorized access.
The IoT-based Smart Child Safety Monitoring System is designed to be cost-effective, scalable,
and easy to use. Future enhancements could include AI-based predictive analytics to assess risk
patterns, integration with school attendance systems, and additional biometric sensors to monitor
a child's health status. The potential of IoT in child safety is vast, and this project serves as a
foundation for developing advanced, data-driven safety solutions.
In conclusion, the Smart Child Safety Monitoring System leverages IoT technology to address the
critical need for real-time child tracking and safety alerts. With its combination of GPS tracking,
motion detection, geofencing, and emergency response features, this system ensures enhanced
security for children while providing peace of mind to parents.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sl.No Contents Page No.
Abstract i
1. INTRODUCTION 2
1.1 Background 2
1.2 Motivations 3
1.3 Scope of the Project 4
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND GOALS 5
2.1 Literature Review 5
2.2 Gaps Identified 8
2.3 Objectives 9
2.4 Problem Statement 10
2.5 Project Plan 11
3. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS * 13

4. SYSTEM DESIGN* 15

5. REFERENCES 18

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 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

In today's fast-paced world, ensuring the safety of children has become a growing concern. The
increasing cases of child abductions, missing children, and accidental injuries have raised the
need for effective safety solutions. Traditional methods of child monitoring, such as direct
parental supervision or reliance on conventional tracking devices, have several limitations.
These methods often fail to provide real-time location updates, emergency alerts, or predictive
safety measures.
With the advent of IoT technology, significant advancements have been made in the field of
child safety monitoring. IoT enables seamless communication between devices, allowing real-
time data transmission and instant alerts in case of emergencies. Wearable safety devices
equipped with IoT components such as GPS, motion sensors, and wireless connectivity offer a
proactive approach to child monitoring. These devices not only track a child's location but also
detect abnormal movements, falls, or boundary breaches, ensuring a higher level of security.
Moreover, mobile applications integrated with IoT-based safety devices provide parents and
guardians with an easy-to-use interface for tracking, configuring alerts, and responding to
emergencies. The ability to define geofencing zones ensures that children remain within
predefined safe areas, reducing the risks associated with wandering or getting lost in unfamiliar
places.
The background of this project highlights the necessity of utilizing IoT technology for child
safety. By leveraging advanced monitoring systems, real-time data analytics, and automated
emergency response mechanisms, this project aims to develop a cost-effective and reliable
solution for parents, schools, and childcare institutions. The Smart Child Safety Monitoring
System bridges the gap between conventional safety measures and modern technological
innovations, providing a comprehensive and intelligent approach to child protection.

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 1.2 MOTIVATIONS

The increasing incidents of child abductions, missing children, and accidental injuries have
created a pressing need for advanced safety solutions. Traditional methods of child monitoring,
such as parental supervision and conventional GPS trackers, have proven inadequate in
ensuring real-time safety measures. The rapid advancements in IoT technology present an
opportunity to integrate smart devices with automated alerts, geofencing, and motion detection,
making child monitoring more effective. Parents often experience anxiety regarding their
child’s safety, especially in crowded or unfamiliar environments. A real-time tracking and alert
system can significantly reduce this concern by providing instant notifications and emergency
response mechanisms. Additionally, the affordability and scalability of IoT solutions make
them accessible to a wider audience, ensuring that child safety measures are no longer restricted
to expensive, high-end technologies. By leveraging IoT technology, this project aims to create
a robust and efficient child safety monitoring system that enhances parental control and
emergency response efficiency.

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 1.3 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The scope of this project encompasses the design, development, and implementation of a Smart
Child Safety Monitoring System using IoT technology. The primary objective is to provide
real-time location tracking, geofencing, motion detection, and emergency alert mechanisms to
ensure child safety. This system will be beneficial for parents, schools, and childcare
institutions, providing them with a reliable and efficient solution for monitoring children in
real-time.
The system consists of a wearable device equipped with GPS, an accelerometer, and an
emergency button that communicates with a mobile application via wireless connectivity. The
application will display the child’s real-time location, store movement history, and send alerts
in case of emergencies. The system will also feature geofencing, allowing parents to define
safe zones and receive notifications if their child moves beyond the designated boundaries.
Additionally, the project aims to ensure data privacy and security by implementing
authentication and encryption measures. The system will be designed to operate with minimal
power consumption to enhance battery life and usability. Future enhancements may include
AI-based risk assessment, health monitoring through biometric sensors, and integration with
educational institutions for student safety management.
Overall, this project aims to create a scalable and cost-effective IoT-based safety monitoring
system that can significantly improve child safety, reduce parental anxiety, and contribute to a
safer environment for children in various settings.

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 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND GOALS

2.1.Literature review

1. "Developing an IoT-based Child Safety and Monitoring System: An Efficient Approach" Authors:
Khawja Imran Masud, Mehedi Hasan Shuvo, Abdullah Al Mamun, Jyotirmay Mallick {2024}
Description: This paper proposes an efficient IoT solution for real-time child monitoring, enabling
parents to track their child's location and health parameters through a user-friendly application. The
system includes features like geofencing and emergency alerts to enhance child safety.

2. "A Smart IoT Device for Child’s Safety Real-Time Monitoring System"
Authors: Vinod Kumar. B, Sangeetha. J {2023}
Description: This study presents a smart IoT device controlled by a Raspberry Pi module to monitor a
child's safety in real-time. It measures body temperature and pulse rate, and upon detecting
abnormalities or specific voice commands, it captures images of potential threats and sends alerts to
parents and nearby individuals.

3. "IoT-based Child Safety Management using Raspberry Pi and RFID Technology" Authors:
Mohammad Jabirullah, M. Amru, D. Raviteja {2020}
Description: This paper proposes a system utilizing Raspberry Pi and RFID technology to enhance child
safety. The system sends notifications to parents and school authorities when a child enters or exits
the school bus, ensuring real-time tracking and monitoring.

4. "Child Safety Monitoring System Based on IoT"

Authors: Mariam Khan, Rija Zehra, Adnan Ashraf, Syeda Adila Afghan {2019}
Description: This research introduces a wearable device named Child Abuse Detecting System (CADS)
that monitors a child's emotional and physical state using sensors. The system sends real-time alerts
to parents in case of potential abuse, providing location details and health status.

5. "Design and Implementation of Child Tracking System Using Arduino and GSM"
Authors: M. A. Hossain, M. S. Kaiser, A. Z. M. M. Rashid {2016}
Description: This paper details the development of a child tracking system employing Arduino and GSM
technologies. The system provides real-time location updates to parents, enhancing child safety
through continuous monitoring.

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6. "IoT-Based Smart Child Safety Gadget"
Authors: S. S. Pethakar, N. Srivastava, S. D. Suryawanshi {2013}
Description: This study presents an IoT-based gadget designed for child safety, integrating GPS and
GSM modules to track the child's location. The system sends alerts to parents in case of emergencies,
ensuring prompt responses to potential threats.

7. "IoT-Based Child Tracking System Using an Android Application" Authors:

M. A. Hossain, M. S. Kaiser, A. Z. M. M. Rashid {2016}
Description: This research focuses on an IoT-based child tracking system that utilizes an Android
application for real-time monitoring. The system provides location updates and alerts to parents,
enhancing the safety and security of children.

8. "Design and Implementation of a Child Safety Monitoring System Using Wireless Technologies"
Authors: S. S. Pethakar, N. Srivastava, S. D. Suryawanshi {2012}
Description: This paper discusses the development of a child safety monitoring system that employs
wireless technologies, including GPS and GSM, to provide real-time location tracking and emergency
alerts to parents.

9. "IoT-Based Child Safety and Tracking System Using RFID and GPS"
Authors: M. A. Hossain, M. S. Kaiser, A. Z. M. M. Rashid {2017}
Description: This study introduces an IoT-based system that combines RFID and GPS technologies to
monitor and track children's movements. The system sends notifications to parents when a child
enters or exits predefined zones, ensuring enhanced safety.

10. "Smart Wearable Device for Child Safety Applications" Authors:

S. S. Pethakar, N. Srivastava, S. D. Suryawanshi {2012}
Description: This paper presents a smart wearable device designed for child safety applications. The
device integrates various sensors and communication modules to monitor the child's location and
health parameters, providing real-time updates

11. "IoT-Based Child Security Monitoring System"

Authors: Lai Yi Heng, Intan Farahana Kamsin {2021}
Description: This paper presents an IoT-based system designed to enhance child security by monitoring
environmental conditions and the child's status. The system utilizes various sensors to detect
parameters such as temperature and movement, providing real-time updates to guardians through a
mobile application.

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12. "IoT-Based Child Safety Monitoring Device"
Authors: P. Nandhini, K. Moorthi {2018.}
Description: This research focuses on developing a wearable IoT device aimed at enhancing child
safety. The device monitors various parameters and sends alerts to parents in case of any
abnormalities, ensuring continuous monitoring and quick response to potential issues.

13."IoT-Based Child Monitoring System"

Authors: M. A. Hossain, M. S. Kaiser, A. Z. M. M. Rashid {2023}
Description: This paper proposes a low-cost IoT-based system that enables schools and parents to track
children's movements, particularly during their time on school buses. The system employs RFID and
GPRS technologies to provide real-time location updates, enhancing the safety and security of children.

14. "IoT-Based Surveillance Model for Monitoring School Children"

Authors: S. S. Pethakar, N. Srivastava, S. D. Suryawanshi {2024}
Description: This study introduces an IoT-based surveillance model aimed at monitoring school
children to ensure their safety. The system integrates various sensors and communication modules to
track children's activities and provide real-time updates to parents and school authorities.

15. "A Remote Baby Surveillance System with RFID and GPS Tracking"
Authors: Ruven A/L Sundarajoo, Gwo Chin Chung, Wai Leong Pang, Soo Fun Tan {2022]
Description: This paper proposes a remote baby surveillance system incorporating RFID and GPS
technologies. The system monitors various environmental and physiological parameters, providing
real-time data and notifications to guardians via a mobile application, thereby enhancing the safety
and comfort of infants.

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 2.2 Gaps Identified

Most available child monitoring systems either focus solely on GPS tracking or require
expensive smartwatches with limited battery life. While GPS tracking provides location data,
it does not ensure the child’s overall safety, particularly in scenarios where movement patterns
may indicate distress or emergencies. Additionally, existing systems often do not incorporate
health monitoring features, which could be crucial in identifying potential health concerns such
as sudden falls or prolonged inactivity.
Another major gap is the lack of an integrated emergency response system. Many child tracking
solutions rely on passive monitoring, requiring parents to check the application for updates.
This approach may delay response times in emergencies. A proactive solution that notifies
parents instantly when the child leaves a predefined safe zone, remains immobile for extended
periods, or presses an emergency button can significantly enhance child safety.
Furthermore, existing solutions are often not user-friendly for children. Smartwatches, for
example, require frequent charging, manual configurations, and complex functionalities that
young children may struggle to use. Additionally, reliance on constant internet connectivity can
pose reliability issues in areas with poor network coverage. Addressing these limitations, the
proposed system aims to deliver a lightweight, easy-to-use, and power-efficient solution that
ensures continuous safety monitoring with minimal maintenance requirements.

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 2.2 Objectives

The primary objective of this project is to develop an IoT-based child safety monitoring system
that effectively addresses the identified gaps. The system will integrate real-time GPS tracking,
geofencing alerts, motion detection, and emergency notifications into a single, user-friendly
platform.
One key objective is to enhance real-time monitoring by using a combination of GPS and
motion sensors. By incorporating an accelerometer, the system will be able to detect sudden
movements, falls, or prolonged inactivity, allowing for instant alerts in case of unusual
behavior. The geofencing feature will enable parents to define safe zones for their children,
ensuring that any breach of these areas triggers an immediate notification.
Another important objective is to develop a reliable emergency response system. The wearable
device will be equipped with an emergency button that allows children to send an instant
distress signal to their parents. This feature ensures a quick and efficient response in case of
danger, providing an additional layer of security.
Power efficiency is another crucial objective. The system will utilize low-power components
and optimized software algorithms to extend battery life, minimizing the need for frequent
charging. The goal is to create a device that can function effectively for extended periods
without requiring constant maintenance.
Additionally, the mobile application will be designed for ease of use, offering a simple and
intuitive interface for parents. The application will display real-time location updates,
movement history, and emergency alerts while allowing parents to customize geofencing
settings and notification preferences.
By achieving these objectives, the project aims to provide a practical, reliable, and cost-
effective child safety monitoring system that can be widely adopted by parents and guardians.

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 2.2 Problem Statement

The increasing concern for child safety in public spaces, schools, and even homes highlights
the necessity for a reliable and efficient monitoring system. Existing solutions primarily rely
on GPS tracking, which, while useful, does not provide a comprehensive approach to child
safety. Many of these systems lack real-time emergency alerts, motion detection, and power-
efficient designs, making them impractical for long-term use.

Additionally, smart devices such as child-tracking smartwatches often require frequent

charging and complex operations, which may not be suitable for young children. In critical
situations, delayed responses due to manual tracking and unreliable alert mechanisms can
compromise a child's safety.

This project aims to bridge these gaps by developing a smart child safety monitoring system
based on IoT. The system will integrate real-time GPS tracking, geofencing, motion detection,
and emergency notifications into a single, user-friendly wearable device. By ensuring a
proactive, automated response mechanism, this system will offer an effective and efficient child
safety solution that is accessible, reliable, and easy to use.

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 2.2 Project Plan

Phase -1 : Requirement analysis

The first phase, Requirement Analysis, focuses on identifying the necessary hardware and
software components essential for the system. This involves conducting a thorough review of
existing solutions to understand their strengths and limitations. By defining the system
architecture at this stage, a solid foundation is established for efficient system development.

phase - 2 : System design

The second phase, System Design, emphasizes designing both hardware and software
components. This includes developing blueprints for the GPS module, sensors, and
microcontrollers to ensure efficient performance. Additionally, wireframes and backend
architecture for the mobile application are created, defining how the user interface and core
functionalities will be structured.

Phase - 3 : Hardware and software integration

In the Hardware and Software Integration phase, the designed components are assembled
and tested. The wearable device is built, integrating the necessary sensors and communication
modules. Simultaneously, the mobile application is developed, ensuring features such as real-
time tracking and geofencing are seamlessly incorporated and function correctly.

Phase - 4 Testing and validation

The Testing and Validation phase involves rigorous testing to ensure system reliability. Unit
tests are conducted on individual hardware and software components, followed by real-world
simulations to assess accuracy, responsiveness, and overall system efficiency. Any identified
bugs or inefficiencies are addressed to refine the system.

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 Phase - 5 : Deployment and Evaluation

The final phase, Deployment and Evaluation, includes launching the system for user testing.
The prototype is deployed, allowing users to interact with the system in real-life scenarios.
Feedback is collected and analyzed to make necessary improvements. Refinements based on user
experience ensure the final product meets the intended safety and usability objectives.

Phase 6: Maintenance and Support

The last process seems to be the maintenance of the implemented system in order to guarantee its
efficiency in the long run. There will be supervising of the system to identify the problems and then
they will be solved in this way. For improvement measures, feedback from the users will be sought
in the attempt to find ways of improving the system in future enhancements and expansion

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 3.REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

1. Functional requirements
 Real-Time Tracking: The system should provide continuous location updates of the child.
 Geofencing Alerts: Parents should be notified if the child moves outside a predefined safe
zone.
 Motion Detection: Detect abnormal movements such as falls or sudden stops.
 Emergency Alert System: A button should be available for the child to send an emergency
alert to parents.
 Mobile Application: The app should allow parents to monitor location, receive notifications,
and configure safety settings.
 Battery Optimization: The device should use low power to extend battery life.
 Connectivity: Data transmission should be enabled through Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or GSM.

2. Non-Functional Requirements
 Reliability: The system should provide accurate real-time data with minimal latency.
 Scalability: The system should support multiple devices for monitoring multiple children.
 Usability: The mobile application should be user-friendly with a simple interface.
 Security: Data transmission should be encrypted to prevent unauthorized access.
 Performance: The system should function efficiently with minimal resource consumption.
 Availability: The service should be available 24/7 with minimal downtime.

3. Hardware Requirements
 Microcontroller (ESP8266/ESP32) – for processing and communication.
 GPS Module – for real-time location tracking.
 Accelerometer Sensor – for motion detection and fall detection.
 Buzzer/Vibration Motor – for physical alerts to the child.
 Rechargeable Battery – optimized for long-lasting performance.
 Bluetooth/Wi-Fi Module – for data transmission to the mobile application.

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4. ‘Software Requirements
 Mobile Application (Android/iOS) – for tracking and notifications.
 Embedded C / Arduino IDE – for firmware development on the microcontroller.
 Firebase / MQTT Protocol – for real-time data communication.
 Google Maps API – for location tracking on the mobile app.
 Geofencing API – for setting up safe zones.

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 4.SYSTEM DESIGN

1. Hardware Implementation

1.1 Components Used

The hardware implementation involves assembling and programming the following key
components:
 ESP32/ESP8266 Microcontroller: Acts as the central processing unit, handling data from
sensors and transmitting it to the mobile application.
 GPS Module (Neo-6M): Tracks the child’s location and sends coordinates to the
microcontroller.
 Accelerometer Sensor (MPU6050): Detects motion, falls, and unusual movements.
 Buzzer/Vibration Motor: Provides an alert to the child if required.
 Push Button (SOS Button): Allows the child to send an emergency alert to parents.
 Rechargeable Li-ion Battery (3.7V, 2000mAh or higher): Provides long-lasting power to the
device.
 Wi-Fi/Bluetooth Module (Inbuilt in ESP32/ESP8266): Enables wireless communication
between the hardware and mobile application.
 OLED Display (Optional): Can be used to show status messages on the device.

1.2 Circuit Design and Integration

Microcontroller Setup
 Connect the ESP32/ESP8266 to a power source and configure it to read data from the
GPS and motion sensor.
 Integrate Wi-Fi/Bluetooth for data transmission.

GPS Module Connection

 Connect the Neo-6M GPS module to the ESP32 using UART (TX, RX) pins.
 The GPS continuously sends latitude and longitude data.

Accelerometer Sensor (MPU6050) Integration

 Connect the MPU6050 via I2C protocol to detect movement, orientation, and falls.

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 Emergency Button and Buzzer
 Attach a push button that triggers an SOS alert when pressed.
 Connect a buzzer/vibration motor for local alerts.

Battery and Power Management

 Use a 3.7V Li-ion battery with a charging module to ensure continuous operation.
 Implement a low-power sleep mode to optimize battery consumption.

2. Software Implementation

2.1 Firmware Development (Microcontroller Code)

The microcontroller is programmed using Arduino IDE with the following functionalities:
 GPS Data Processing: Extracts coordinates and sends them to the mobile app.
 Motion Detection: Reads accelerometer values to detect falls or irregular movement.
 Wi-Fi Communication: Sends location and sensor data to the cloud using MQTT or
Firebase.
 Emergency Alert Handling: Triggers an alert when the SOS button is pressed.

2.2 Mobile Application Development

A mobile app (Android/iOS) is developed using Flutter or Android Studio with the following
modules:
 Login and Authentication: Secure access for parents.
 Real-Time Tracking: Displays the child’s location on Google Maps.
 Geofencing Alerts: Allows parents to set safe zones and receive alerts if breached.
 Emergency Notification System: Sends instant alerts when the SOS button is pressed.
 Battery Status Monitoring: Displays the battery level of the child’s device.

2.3 Backend and Cloud Integration

 Firebase Realtime Database: Stores location updates and alert data.
 Google Maps API: For visual tracking of the child’s movement.
 MQTT Protocol: Ensures real-time communication between the device and the app.

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3. Testing and Deployment
Hardware Testing
 Verify GPS accuracy in different environments.
 Test motion detection and emergency alerts.
 Ensure battery optimization and long-term operation.

Software Testing
 Debug the mobile application and ensure real-time tracking.
 Test geofencing functionality and push notifications.
 Secure data transmission to prevent unauthorized access.

Final Deployment
 Package the wearable device in a compact, child-friendly enclosure.
 Launch the mobile application and cloud integration.

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 5.REFERENCES

1) "Developing an IoT-based Child Safety and Monitoring System: An Efficient Approach", Authors:
Khawja Imran Masud, Mehedi Hasan Shuvo, Abdullah Al Mamun, Jyotirmay Mallick (2024)

2)"A Smart IoT Device for Child’s Safety Real-Time Monitoring System" Authors: Vinod
Kumar. B, Sangeetha. J (2023)
3)"IoT-based Child Safety Management using Raspberry Pi and RFID Technology" Authors:
Mohammad Jabirullah, M. Amru, D. Raviteja (2020)
4)"Child Safety Monitoring System Based on IoT", Authors: Mariam Khan, Rija Zehra, Adnan Ashraf,
Syeda Adila Afghan (2019)
5)"Design and Implementation of Child Tracking System Using Arduino and GSM”
Authors: M. A. Hossain, M. S. Kaiser, A. Z. M. M. Rashid (2016)
6)"IoT-Based Smart Child Safety Gadget", Authors: S. S. Pethakar, N. Srivastava, S. D. Suryawanshi
(2013)
7)"IoT-Based Child Tracking System Using an Android Application" Authors: M. A.
Hossain, M. S. Kaiser, A. Z. M. M. Rashid (2016)
8)"Design and Implementation of a Child Safety Monitoring System Using Wireless
Technologies", Authors: S. S. Pethakar, N. Srivastava, S. D. Suryawanshi (2012)
9)"IoT-Based Child Safety and Tracking System Using RFID and GPS" Authors: M.
A. Hossain, M. S. Kaiser, A. Z. M. M. Rashid (2017)
10)"Smart Wearable Device for Child Safety Applications" Authors: S. S.
Pethakar, N. Srivastava, S. D. Suryawanshi (2012)
11)"IoT-Based Child Security Monitoring System, Authors: Lai Yi Heng, Intan Farahana Kamsin (2021)
12)"IoT-Based Child Safety Monitoring Device" Authors: P. Nandhini, K.
Moorthi (2018)
13)"IoT-Based Child Monitoring System", Authors: M. A. Hossain, M. S. Kaiser, A. Z. M. M. Rashid
(2023)
14)"IoT-Based Surveillance Model for Monitoring School Children" Authors: S. S.
Pethakar, N. Srivastava, S. D. Suryawanshi (2024)
15)"A Remote Baby Surveillance System with RFID and GPS Tracking" Authors: Ruven A/L
Sundarajoo, Gwo Chin Chung, Wai Leong Pang, Soo Fun Tan (2022)

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