CE412A 2018-19,

2018 2nd Semester Quiz 1

Dated: 11/3/2019, Monday Time: 14:00-14:50 Venue: L17 (OROS)

Name: Roll No.:

Question 1 (10 Points)

The expected peak flow and low lo flows in a
grit chamber are 0.60 0 m3/s (qmax) and 0.02
m3/s (qmin) respectively. The horizontal
velocity in the grit chamber should be 0.25
m/s at all flows in this range, such that only
inorganic particles > 0.25 mm size are
removed
moved in the grit chamber. For this
purpose, a proportional weir has to be fitted
at the downstream end of the grit chamber.
Complete the design of the proportional weir
and the grit chamber by completing the
design sheet below. Width of the grit
chamberr is 4.0 m and maximum height of
water in the grit chamber is 0.6 m.

Flow across a proportional weir = q

q = 4.173.[l.h 0.5 ].h ; q in m3/s; l, h in m
Proportional Weir

h l q B VH
0.020 1.694 0.020 4.000 0.25
0.060 0.978 0.060 4.000 0.25
0.120 0.692 0.120 4.000 0.25 qmax= 0.6 m3/s
0.180 0.565 0.180 4.000 0.25 B= 4.0 m
0.240 0.489 0.240 4.000 0.25
H= 0.600 m
0.300 0.438 0.300 4.000 0.25
0.360 0.399 0.360 4.000 0.25 L= 0.309 m
0.420 0.370 0.420 4.000 0.25 K= 0.240
0.480 0.346 0.480 4.000 0.25
0.600 0.309 0.600 4.000 0.25

Design of Grit Chamber

Peak Flow Low Flow
3
Flow, q: m /s 0.600 0.020
Settling Velocity (Vs): (0.25 mm particles): m/s 0.032 0.032
Width (B): m 4.000 4.000
Depth of flow in weir (h): m 0.600 0.020
Horizontal velocity (VH): m/s 0.250 0.250
Detention time (T): s 18.94 18.94
Length (L): m 4.73 4.73
Length provided: (1.5 x L) m 7.103 7.103
Effective Detention Time (TE): s 28.41 28.41
Question No. 2 (10x1 = 10 Points)

Q. No. Questions Very Short Answers

1 Write the expression for Average Sewage Production =
calculation of Average sewage = 0.8 (Domestic Water Demand + Temporary Water
production for an area. Demand + Commercial Water Demand)

2 What are the expressions for

calculating Maximum and Peak Maximum Flow = 1.8 x Average Sewage Production
sewage production for an area?
Peak Flow = 3 x Average Sewage Production

3 Why is value for Peak discharge

at the beginning of the design This value is required for the calculation of the self-
period required for sewer design? cleansing velocity in the sewer

4 What is the design flow for the

design of a grit chamber for Peak Flow
sewage treatment?

5 What is the reason for providing

an equalization tank in a sewage To dampen the hourly variation in the rate of sewage
treatment plant? inflow to the sewage treatment plant

6 What substances are removed by

the screen provided as a Large floating objects, e.g., plastic, garbage, hair etc.
preliminary treatment unit in a
sewage treatment plant?

7 Define “Grit”, i.e., the substance

removed in a grit chamber in a Inorganic particles of size > 0.25 mm
sewage treatment plant.

8 Why is maintaining particular

constant horizontal velocity of To prevent settling of organic particles in the grit chamber
flow essential in a grit chamber under all flow conditions
in a sewage treatment plant?

9 Why is a sewer designed to be Anaerobic conditions develop in sewers due to emission of

only 0.8 full (d/D = 0.8) at the gases like methane, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. There
ultimate design flow? must be ample scope for ventilation of these gases. This is
one of the reasons why sewers are designed to run only 0.8
full at the peak flow at the end of the design period.

10 What is the function of a sump

well in sewage collection and Sewage from the trunk sewer in collected in the sump well
treatment? located below ground level. Sewage is pumped to the
sewage treatment plant (situated at the ground level) from
the sump well.
 CE412A: Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal Systems
Module II: Wastewater Disposal Systems
Quiz No. 2, Dated: 25/3/2019, Monday

Time: 14:00-14:50 Venue: L17 (OROS) Full Marks: 32

Name: Roll No.:

Problem 1 (Points: 22)

Please observe the sewer line from manhole L5.3 to L5.2
L5.2 in the figure below. Design
this sewer section by filling up the table below. The estimated peak discharge of the
branch sewer discharging in L5.3 is 0.05 and 0.10 m3/s in 2019 and 2039 respectively.
Diameter
iameter of the branch sewer is 3003 mm and its invert level at L5.3 is 112.232112.2 m.
The estimated peak discharge of the main ssewer
ewer incoming in L5.3 is 0.25 and 0.50 0.5
m3/s in 2018 and 2038 respectively. Diameter of main sewer upstream of L5.3 is 700
mm and its invert level at L5.3 is 111
111.133 m.
1
Given: v = .R 2 / 3 .S1/ 2 ; n = 0.013
n
Marks Parameter Units Value

1 From Manhole -- L5.3

1 To Manhole -- L5.2

-- Length m 30

2 Peak Flow (2039) m3/s 0.600

2 Diameter Provided mm 1000

-- Slope m/m 0.001

2 Full Discharge (2039) m3/s 0.758

1 Actual Discharge (2039) m3/s 0.060

2 Full Velocity (2039) m/s 0.965

2 Actual Velocity (2039) m/s 1.068

1 Peak Flow (2019) m3/s 0.300

2 Self Cleansing Velocity m/s 0.905

1 Total Fall m 0.030

4 Upstream Invert Level of the m 110.833

sewer (at L5.3)

1 Downstream Invert Level of m 110.803

the sewer (at L5.2)
 Problem 2 (10 Points)

The expected average Time of Flow Cumulative

flow in a sewage Day Volume
treatment plant (STP) at hrs m3/hr ML
the end of its design 0-2 0.3Q 1.26
period is 28 MLD. The
2-4 0.2Q 0.84
daily flow variation as
observed over 2-hour 4-6 0.2Q 0.84
intervals is given in the 6-8 1.2Q 5.04
table to the right. Based 8-10 2.0Q 8.4
on the given information, 10-12 1.8Q 7.56
determine the storage 12-14 1.4Q 5.88
capacity (in ML) of the
14-16 1.1Q 4.62
tank required for
equalization of flow. 16-18 1.4Q 5.88
Hence determine the 18-20 1.2Q 5.04
constant flow (in MLD) 20-22 0.8Q 3.36
being supplied from the 22-24 0.4Q 1.68
tank at maximum flow at
the end of the design
Total: 50.4
period.

The cumulative discharge curve required for the determination of storage capacity
may be drawn in the graph below.

Required Storage Capacity is 13 ML

Constant Flow being supplied during the duration of maximum flow is 50.4 MLD

75
70
65
60
Cumulative Flow, ML

55
50
45
40
35
30
13 ML
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Time, hrs
 CE412A: Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal Systems
Module II: Wastewater Disposal Systems
Quiz No. 3, Dated: 1/4/2019, Monday

Time: 14:00-14:50 Venue: L17 Full Marks: 24

Name: Roll No.:

Consider a wastewater flow of 25 MLD being treated by a single stage Activated Sludge Process (ASP).
Influent BOD5 concentration is 300 mg/L. Design the aeration tank, and the secondary sedimentation tank
for this process. Complete the attached design fact-sheet
fact as you design the system.

Given:

V q m .S (S o − S)
θ= ; q= ; µ = YT.q - Kd; = q.X
Q KL + S θ

1 Xr V θ 
µ.X.V = Q W .X r ; θc = (1 + R - R. ) = µ. ; C = Co .  c 
µ X Q θ

All the symbols above have their usual meaning as stated in the class, unless explicitly stated otherwise.

Activated Sludge Process Schematic

 Aeration Tank Design
Units Value

Design Flow, Q MLD 30.00

Influent BOD5, So mg/L 350.00

Hydraulic Detention Time, θ hr 4.32

1. Aeration tank volume, V m3 5400

Number of tanks provided -- 2

2. Volume/ tank m3 2700

Depth, m m2 4.00

3. Surface area/tank m 675

Length, m m 30.00
4. Width/tank, m m 22.5

Effluent BOD5, S mg/L 4.00

Ks mg/L 25.00

qm /d 4.00
5. q /d 0.55

YT mg/mg 0.50
Kd /d 0.05

6. µ /d 0.226

7. BSRT, θc d 4.43

8. MLVSS, X mg/L 3484

9. Sludge Wasted, ∆X kg/d 4249

Influent Inert solids, Co mg/L 50.00

10. Effluent Inert Solids, C mg/L 1230

MLSS, (C+X) mg/L 4714**

** Check Value
 C60H87O23N12P

Secondary Sedimentation Tank Design

Units Value
Solids in thickened sludge,(Xr + Cr) mg/L 10000
11. Inert solids in thickened sludge, Cr mg/L 2609
12. Biomass in thickened sludge, Xr mg/L 7391
13. Qw del X/Xr MLD 0.575
14. Recirculation Ratio, R -- 0.855

15. ∆(C+X), del C = Qw* Cr kg/d 5749

16. Solids input to the clarifier Q(1+R)*(X+C) kg/hr 10933
17. Rate of sludge withdrawal from clarifier, (RQ+Qw) MLD 26.24
18. Solids output from the Clarifier (RQ+Qw)*(Xr+Cr) kg/hr 10933
underflow velocity, u m/hr 0.200
19. Surface area provided A1 m2 5467
20. Limiting Solid Flux, SFL kg/m2/hr 2.00
21. Minimum Surface Area Required A2 m2 5467
Actual Solid Flux in the clarifier, SF kg/m2/hr 3.00**
No. of clarifiers Provided -- 2
22. Surface area / clarifier m2 2733
23. Diameter (Circular Tank Provided) m 59
Depth m 2.00
24. Detention Time hr 4.71
** Check Value

Total Solid Flux

u = 0.20 m/hr
Total Solids Flux, kg/m2/hr

8.000
7.000
6.000
5.000
4.000
3.000
2.000
1.000
0.000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000

Solids Concentration (C + X), mg/L

 Page |1

Quiz No. 4:: Water Supply and Wastewater Engineering:

Dated: 8/4/2019, Monday

Time: 14:00-14:50 Venue: L17 Full Marks: 35

Name: Roll No.:

The detailed process designn of a two stage ASP

ASP-Nitrification process is given in the table below.
There is no nitrification in the first tank. Based on careful study of the given design, determine
the values of certain system characteristics as given in pages 2, 3 and 4.

Given:
V q m .S (So − S)
θ= ; q= ; µ = YT.q - Kd; = q.X
Q KL + S θ
1 Xr V θ 
µ.X.V = Q W .X r ; θc = (1 + R - R. ) = µ. ; C = Co .  c 
µ X Q  θ

Formula Weight of Biomass, C5H7O2N is 113; Atomic Weights: C: 12; H: 1; O: 16; N: 14

F (K L .a )TW C s (wastewater)
SOT = (K L .a) .  O  .V ;
F
20
s
2 α= = 0 .8 ; β= = 0.9 ,
20
(K L .a )TF C s (tapwater)
(K L .a )TF = (K L .a )F20 .γ, where, γ = 1.02 ( T − 20 )

All the symbols above have their usual meaning as stated in the class, unless explicitly stated
otherwise.
 Page |2

Process Design: Dual Stage ASP with Nitrification Units Stage I Stage II
Flow, Q MLD 25 25
Influent BOD5, So mg/L 350 27.63
Influent [TKN]o, mg/L (as N) mg/L 60 41
Maximum Allowable Effluent BOD5, mg/L -- 4.00
Maximum Allowable Effluent TKN, mg/L (as N) mg/L -- 1.00
Hydraulic Detention Time, θ hrs 4.32 2.00
3
Aeration Tank Volume, V m 4500 2083
Number of Aeration Tanks Provided -- 4 4
3
Volume per Aeration Tank m 1125 521
2
Surface Area per Aeration Tank m 375 174
Length per Aeration Tank m 30.0 30
Width per Aeration Tank m 12.5 5.79
Depth m 3.0 3.0
θc d 1.00 12.00
Ks mg/L 25.000 25.00
qm /d 4.000 4.00
YT mg/mg 0.500 0.50
Kd /d 0.050 0.05
µ /d 1.00 0.083
q /d 2.10 0.667
Actual Effluent BOD5, S mg/L 27.6 1.79
X mg/L 853 1163
∆X Kg/d 3838 202
N Requirement for biomass growth Kg/d 475 25
TKN available for nitrification, [TKNi] (as N) mg/L 41 40
(Ks)N mg/L 2.000 2.00
(qm)N mg/L 2.000 2.00
(YT)N mg/mg 0.200 0.20
(Kd)N /d 0.050 0.05
(q)N /d -- 0.667
(µ)N /d -- 0.083
Effluent TKN, [TKN] (as N) mg/L 41 1.0**
XN mg/L -- 702
∆XN Kg/d -- 122
 Page |3

Process Design: Dual Stage ASP with Nitrification Units Stage I Stage II
Ratio of Nitrifying to Total(Continued)
Microorganisms mg/mg -- 0.376
Effluent Nitrate Concentration (as N) mg/L -- 39
Influent Inert solids concentration, Co mg/L 50.0 5.0
Inert solids conc. in aeration tank, C mg/L 278 720
Solids conc. to settling tank, (C+X+XN) mg/L 1131 2585
Solids conc. in thickened sludge,(Cr+Xr+XNr) mg/L 12800 12800
Cr mg/L 3145 3566
Xr mg/L 9655 5760
(XN)r mg/L -- 3474
Qw MLD 0.397 0.035
R -- 0.079 0.251**
∆(C+X + XN) Kg/d 5088 449
Solids input to the clarifier Kg/hr 1271 3369
(RQ + Qw) MLD 2.384 6.32
Solids output from the clarifier Kg/hr 1271 3369**
Underflow velocity, u m/hr 0.1 0.100
2
Surface area provided, A1 m 993 4320
2
Limiting solid flux Kg/m /hr 1.281 1.28
2
Minimum surface area required A2 m 992 4317
2
Actual solid flux in the clarifier, Kg/m /hr 1.280 1.28
No. of settling tanks provided -- 4 4
2
Area per settling tank m 248 1080
Diameter (Circular Tank Provided) of settling tanks m 17.8 37.08
Depth of settling tank m 2 2.00
Detention Time in settling tanks hr 1.767 4.12
 Page |4

Process Design: Provision of Turbine Aerators Units Stage I Stage II

Oxygen Requirement per tank for BOD Reduction Kg/d 1660 171
Oxygen Requirement per tank for Nitrification Kg/d -- 1070
Total Oxygen Requirement per tank Kg/d 1660 1241**
SOT Rate Kg O2/KW/hr 2 2.0
α -- 0.800 0.80
β -- 0.900 0.900
o
Wastewater Temperature C 30.00 30.00
o
Cs (20 C) mg/L 9.10 9.10
o
Cs (30 C) mg/L 7.50 7.50
γ -- 1.02 1.02
C mg/L 1.00 3.00
AOT Rate Kg O2/KW/hr 1.232 0.804
Power requirement per tank for aeration KW 56.12 65
3
Power Input for mixing W/m 20 20
Power requirement per tank for mixing KW 22.5 11
Power provided per tank KW 60 70
Number of aerators per tank -- 24 10
Power per aerator KW 2.5 7.0
Electricity Tariff Rs./KW-hr 6.50 6.50
Total aeration Cost Rs./d 37440 43680
3
Aeration Cost per unit volume of wastewater Rs./m 1.50 1.75**
 Quiz No. 5: Water Supply and Wastewater Engineering
Dated: 9/4/2018, Monday

Time: 14:00-14:50 Venue: L1 Full Marks: 20

Question
Domestic sewage with influent BOD5 (So) of 300 mg/L was applied to a pilot scale trickling filter to
determine the treatability of the sewage. The percent BOD5 remaining [(S/So).100] in the effluent was
determined at various depths (D) and HLR values. The results of the pilot test are summarized below,

Based on the pilot results, draw graphs to determine

HLR (m3/m2/d) the treatability constants (K and n) of the domestic
Depth, D sewage.
(m) 20 40 60 80
S  Q 
−n

0.5 65 70 75 82 = Exp  − K.D.   

So   A  
1 40 50 60 70
1.5 25 35 42 50
2 15 25 30 40

0.0

1.0
-0.5 Slope = -0.459
Intercept = 1.347
0.5
Ln(-Slope)
Ln[S/So]

-1.0 4
Slope 1: -0.973 0.0
Slope 2: -0.689 3
Slope 3: -0.621 2
-1.5 Slope 4: -0.498
-0.5

1
-2.0 -1.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 1 2 3 4 5
D, m Ln(HLR)

Slope 1 = -0.973 Slope = -0.459

Slope 2 = -0.689 Intercept = 1.347

Slope 3 = -0.621

Slope 4 = -0.498

K= 3.846 n= 0.459

(4 + 2 + 2 Marks)
A tricking filter with the following dimensions is
available. Depth: 2 m, Surface area: 150 m2. The
media consists of stones of 7-1010 cm diameter. This
filter will be used to treat 2 MLD the above domestic So Si
sewage with BOD5 = 300 mg/L. The trickling filter
f
will be operated with a recirculation ratio (R) of 4.
Complete the design of this system by filling the S
table below
S   Q.(1 + R)  
−n
So + R.S
= Exp  −K.D.   
Si =
Si   A   (1 + R)

Trickling Filter Design Marks

Flow rate, Q MLD 2 --

Influent BOD5, So mg/L 300 --

Depth of trickling filter, D m 2 --

Surface Area of trickling filter, A m2 150 --

Volume of trickling filter, V m3 300 --

OLR kg/m3/d 2 2

R -- 4 --

HLR m3/m2/d 66.67 2

K -- 3.846 --

n -- 0.459 --

S/Si -- 0.327 2

S/So -- 0.09 2

Effluent BOD5 mg/L 26.53 2

Percent Removal -- 91.16 2

(12 marks)
 Quiz No. 6: Water Supply and Wastewater Engineering
Dated: 18/4/2019, Thursday

Time: 18:40-19:30 Venue: L6 Full Marks: 20

Name: Roll No.:

0.25 MLD of sludge is generated from the secondary sedimentation tank of the activated sludge process in a
sewage treatment plant. The solids concentration in this sludge is 13,000 mg/L. Assume that the entire
sludge is organic. This sludge is first processed in a sludge thickener, where the solids content is increased
to 4 percent (w/w). Next the sludge is treated in the anaerobic digester for production of methane and
reduction in sludge solids. The digested sludge is then applied to sludge-drying beds for reduction of water
content to 55%. Design various components of this system by completing the table below.

Density of water = 1000 kg/m3; Dry Density of sludge solids = 2200 kg/m3
Solids loading (dry basis) to the thickener = 80 kg/m2/d; Sludge retention time in thickener = 2 days.
Assume 100% solids capture in the thickener

Entire volume of thickened sludge put in the sludge digester; Assume COD = BODu
COD reduction efficiency of sludge digester = 60 %; θc = 60 days ;
For sludge digestion, YT = 0.06 mg/mg, and Kd = 0.03 /d on COD basis

Entire effluent from the anaerobic digester is applied to sludge drying beds.
Drying time in sludge drying beds = 2 weeks;
Solids loading to sludge drying bed = 1.5 kg solids (dry basis) /m2 / cycle
Dried sludge is completely saturated with water.

Sludge Thickener Design

Input of sludge, Qs MLD 0.250

Solids concentration in sludge, Xr mg/L 13000

Sludge solids applied to thickener kg/d 3250
Solids loading to thickener kg/m2/d 80
2
Thickener Surface Area m 40.625
Thickener diameter m 7.192
Percent solids in thickened sludge -- 4.0
Density of sludge solids kg/m3 2200
3
Density of water kg/m 1000
3
Density of thickened sludge kg/m 1022
3
Weight of solids in 1 m of thickened sludge kg 40.89**
Solids concentration in thickened sludge mg/L 40892
Output of thickened sludge, Qsl MLD 0.079
Retention time in sludge thickener d 2
3
Volume of sludge thickener m 500
Depth of sludge thickener d 12.308
 Anaerobic Digester Design
Sludge input to digester, Qsl MLD 0.079
Solids concentration in the sludge mg/L 40892
Solids loading to the digester kg/d 3250
hydraulic retention time in digester d 60
Solids retention time in digester d 60
Digester volume m3 4769
µ /d 0.017
Kd /d 0.03
YT mg/mg 0.06
q /d 0.778
Influent COD mg/L 58057
Percent COD Removal -- 60
Effluent COD Kg/d 23227
Anaerobic biomass concentration, Xsl mg/L 746.6**
Anaerobic sludge production, ∆Xsl Kg/d 59.3
Reduction in solids kg/d 1891
Solids effluent from the anaerobic digester kg/d 1359
Density of sludge solids kg/m3 2200
Percent solids (w/w) in the effluent -- 1.695
COD consumed kg/d 2769
COD consumed/methane produced kg/kg 4
Methane produced kg/d 692.3

Sludge Drying Bed Design

Solids applied to sludge drying beds kg/d 1359
Solids/loading rate to sludge drying beds kg/m2/cycle 1.50
Duration of a cycle weeks 2
Sludge drying bed area requirement m2/d 906
Total sludge drying bed area requirement m2 12687
Percent water in dried sludge -- 55
Dried sludge produced kg/d 3020**
Density of sludge solids kg/m3 2200
Density of water kg/m3 1000
Density of dried sludge kg/m3 1325