Subsection B

REQUIREMENTS PERTAINING TO
METHODS OF FABRICATION
OF PRESSURE VESSELS

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 PART UF
General
UF-1 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Materials
UF-5 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
UF-6 Forgings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
UF-7 Forged Steel Rolls Used for Corrugating Paper Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Design
UF-12 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
UF-13 Head Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
UF-25 Corrosion Allowance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Fabrication
UF-26 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
UF-27 Tolerances on Body Forgings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
UF-28 Methods of Forming Forged Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
UF-29 Tolerance on Forged Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
UF-30 Localized Thin Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
UF-31 Heat Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
UF-32 Welding for Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
UF-37 Repair of Defects in Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
UF-38 Repair of Weld Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
UF-43 Attachment of Threaded Nozzles to Integrally Forged Necks and
Thickened Heads on Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Inspection and Tests

UF-45 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
UF-46 Acceptance by Inspector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
UF-47 Parts Forging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
UF-52 Check of Heat Treatment and Postweld Heat Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
UF-53 Test Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
UF-54 Tests and Retests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
UF-55 Ultrasonic Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Marking and Reports

UF-115 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

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 Pressure Relief Devices
UF-125 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Table
UF-27 Moduli of Elasticity for Ferrous Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

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 PART UF
REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESSURE VESSELS
FABRICATED BY FORGING

GENERAL (1) after heat treatment, inspection for injurious

defects shall be performed according to UF-31(b)(1)(a);
UF-1 SCOPE
(2) tensile strength shall not be greater than 20
The rules in Part UF are applicable to forged pressure ksi above their specified minimum tensile strength.
vessels without longitudinal joints, including their com- (d) For vessels constructed of SA-372 Grade J, Class
ponent parts that are fabricated of carbon and low alloy 110 or Grade L material, transverse impact tests shall
steels or of high alloy steels within the limitations of be made at the minimum allowable temperature in
Part UHA. These rules shall be used in conjunction accordance with Part UHT of this Division, except in
with the applicable requirements in Subsection A, and no case shall the test temperature be higher than
with the specific requirements in Subsection C that −20°F (−29°C). Certification is required. An ultrasonic
pertain to the respective classes of all materials used. examination shall be made in accordance with UF-55.

UF-6 FORGINGS
MATERIALS
All materials subject to stress due to pressure shall
A99 UF-5 GENERAL conform to one of the specifications given in Section
(a) Materials used in the construction of forged II and limited to those listed in Table UCS-23 and
pressure vessels shall comply with the requirements UHA-23 for forgings or to plates, and seamless pipe
for materials given in UG-4 through UG-14, except as and tube when such material is further processed by
specifically limited or extended in (b) and (c) below, a forging operation.
and in UF-6.
(b) The heat analysis of forgings to be fabricated
by welding shall not exceed carbon 0.35%. However, UF-7 FORGED STEEL ROLLS USED
when the welding involves only minor nonpressure FOR CORRUGATING PAPER
attachments as limited in UF-32, seal welding of MACHINERY
threaded connections as permitted in UF-43, or repairs
as limited by UF-37, the carbon content shall not Materials and rules of construction to be applied in
exceed 0.50% by heat analysis. When by heat analysis the manufacture of forged steel corrugating and pressure
the carbon analysis exceeds 0.50% no welding is per- rolls used in machinery for producing corrugated paper
mitted. are covered in SA-649 in Section II, Part A.
(c) This part contains special requirements applicable
to SA-372 materials subjected to liquid quench and
temper heat treatment. Such special requirements do DESIGN
not apply to austenitic materials or to materials not
UF-12 GENERAL A99
exceeding 95 ksi (655 MPa) specified minimum tensile
strength. SA-372 materials may be subjected to acceler- The rules in the following paragraphs apply spe-
ated cooling or may be quenched and tempered to cifically to vessels or main sections of vessels that are
attain their specified minimum properties provided: forged from ingots, slabs, billets, plate, pipe, or tubes,

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 UF-12 1998 SECTION VIII — DIVISION 1 UF-27

and shall be used to supplement the requirements for 75 through UG-84 and UCS-79. For high alloy steel
design which are applicable, as given in UG-16 through forged vessels, the applicable paragraphs of Part UHA
UG-55, and those given in UCS-16 through UCS-67, shall also apply.
and UHA-20 through UHA-34. Sections of vessels may
be joined by any method permitted in the several parts
of this Division except as limited in UF-5(b) and UF-27 TOLERANCES ON BODY
UF-5(c). FORGINGS
Vessels constructed of SA-372 Grade A, B, C, or
(a) The inner surface of the body shall be true-to-
D; Grade E Class 65 or 70; Grade F Class 70; Grade
round to the degree that the maximum difference be-
G Class 70; Grade H Class 70; Grade J Class 65, 70,
tween any two diameters at 90 deg. to each other,
or 110; Grade L; or Grade M Class A or B must be
determined for any critical cross section, does not
of streamlined design, and stress raisers, such as abrupt
exceed 1% of the mean diameter at that section. Chip
changes in section, shall be minimized. Openings in
marks and minor depressions in the inner surface may
vessels constructed of liquid quenched and tempered
be filled by welding to meet these tolerances when the
materials, other than austenitic steel, shall be reinforced
welding is done as permitted in UF-32.
in accordance with UG-37; UG-36(c)(3) shall not apply.
(b) If out-of-roundness exceeds the limit in (a) and
The nominal wall thickness of the cylindrical shell
the condition cannot be corrected, the forging shall be
of vessels constructed of SA-372 Grade J, Class 110
rejected except that if the out-of-roundness does not
shall not exceed 2 in. (51 mm).
exceed 3%, the forging may be certified for a lower
pressure in the formula:

冢 冣
UF-13 HEAD DESIGN 1.25
Reduced pressure P ′ p P
(a) The minimum required thickness of forged heads Sb
+1
shall be computed using the formulas of UG-32. When S
heads are made separate from the body forging they
may be attached by any method permitted in the several and in which
parts of this Division except as limited in UF-5(b) and
UF-5(c). 1.5 PR1 t (D1 − D2 )
Sb p
(b) The juncture of a forged conical head with the P
t3 + 3 R1 Ra2
body shall be a knuckle, the inside radius of which E
shall be not less than 6% of the internal diameter of
the vessel. The thickness at the knuckle shall be not where
less than that of the cylinder and shall be faired into Ppmaximum allowable working pressure for
that of the head at the base of the cone. forging meeting the requirements of (a), psi
(c) Except for the 3t requirements in UG-32(j) the tpthe average (mean) thickness, in.
design of the head shall comply with the applicable D1, D2pthe inside diameters, in., maximum and
provisions of UG-32, UG-33, UG-34, and 1-6. minimum, respectively, as measured for the
critical section, and for one additional sec-
tion in each direction therefrom at a distance
UF-25 CORROSION ALLOWANCE not exceeding 0.2D2. The average of the
three readings for D1 and D2 , respectively,
(a) Provision shall be made for corrosion in accor- shall be inserted in the formula.
dance with the requirements in UG-25. Sbpbending stress, psi, at metal service temper-
ature
Epmodulus of elasticity, psi, at metal tempera-
FABRICATION ture from Table UF-27
Spdesign stress value, psi, at metal service
UF-26 GENERAL
temperature
The rules in the following paragraphs apply spe- R1paverage inside radius at critical section, in.
cifically to forged vessels, main sections of vessels and p1⁄4 (D1 + D2)
other vessel parts, and shall be used to supplement the Rapaverage radius to middle of shell wall at
applicable requirements for fabrication given in UG- critical section, in.

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 UF-27 PART UF — FORGED VESSELS UF-31

TABLE UF-27
MODULI OF ELASTICITY FOR FERROUS MATERIALS

E p Modulus of Elasticity, psi (Multiply Tabulated Values by 106), for Temperature, °F, of

Material 70 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500

Carbon steels with C ≤ 0.30% 29.5 28.8 28.3 27.7 27.3 26.7 25.5 24.2 22.4 20.4 18.0 ... ... ... ...

Carbon steels with C > 0.30% 29.3 28.6 28.1 27.5 27.1 26.5 25.3 24.0 22.3 20.2 17.9 ... ... ... ...

Carbon-moly steels 29.2 28.5 28.0 27.4 27.0 26.4 25.3 23.9 22.2 20.1 17.8 ... ... ... ...

Nickel steels 27.8 27.1 26.7 26.1 25.7 25.2 24.6 23.9 23.2 22.4 21.5 20.4 19.2 17.7 ...

Chrome-moly steels
1⁄ Cr–2Cr 29.7 29.0 28.5 27.9 27.5 26.9 26.3 25.5 24.8 23.9 23.0 21.8 20.5 18.9 ...
2
21⁄4Cr–3Cr 30.6 29.8 29.4 28.8 28.3 27.7 27.1 26.3 25.6 24.6 23.7 22.5 21.1 19.4 ...
5Cr–9Cr 30.9 30.1 29.7 29.0 28.6 28.0 27.3 26.1 24.7 22.7 20.4 ... ... ... ...

Straight chromium steels 29.2 28.5 27.9 27.3 26.7 26.1 25.6 24.7 23.2 21.5 19.1 ... ... ... ...

Austenitic precipitation 28.3 27.6 27.0 26.5 25.8 25.3 24.8 24.1 23.5 22.8 22.1 21.2 20.2 19.2 18.1
hardened, and other
high alloy steels

p1⁄4 (D1 + D2) + t /2 forcement according to the rules for reinforcement in

UG-40.
NOTES:
(1) Use P ′pP when Sb is less than 0.25S.
(2) In all measurements, correct for corrosion allowance if specified.
UF-31 HEAT TREATMENT
(a) Normalized or Annealed Material
UF-28 METHODS OF FORMING FORGED
(1) After all forging is completed, each vessel or
HEADS
forged part fabricated without welding shall be heat
Forged heads shall be made either by closing in treated in accordance with the applicable material speci-
extensions of the body of such shape and dimensions fication. When defects are repaired by welding, subse-
as may be required to produce the final form desired, quent heat treatment may be necessary in accordance
or by separate forgings [see UF-13(a)]. with UF-37(b).
(2) Vessels fabricated by welding of forged parts
requiring heat treatment shall be heat treated in accor-
UF-29 TOLERANCE ON FORGED HEADS dance with the applicable material specification as
follows:
Forged heads shall be as true as it is practicable to
(a) after all welding is completed; or
make them to the shape shown on the design drawings.
(b) prior to welding, followed by postweld heat
Any deviations therefrom shall merge smoothly into
treatment of the finished weld in accordance with
the general shape of the head and shall not evidence
UW-40;
a decrease of strength for the sections as required by
(c) when the welding involves only minor non-
the formulas for design.
pressure attachments to vessels having carbon content
exceeding 0.35% but not exceeding 0.50% by ladle
analysis, requirements of UF-32(b) shall govern.
UF-30 LOCALIZED THIN AREAS
(b) Liquid Quenched Material
Forgings are permitted to have small areas thinner (1) Vessels fabricated from SA-372 forging mate-
than required if the adjacent areas surrounding each rial to be liquid quenched and tempered shall be
have sufficient thickness to provide the necessary rein- subjected to this heat treatment in accordance with the

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 UF-31 1998 SECTION VIII — DIVISION 1 UF-32

applicable material specifications after the completion UHA and UF-5(b) except as modified in (b) and
of all forging, welding of nonpressure attachments as (c) below. Procedure qualification in accordance with
permitted by UF-32, and repair welding as limited by Section IX shall be performed with the heat treatment
UF-37. Seal welding of threaded connections, as permit- condition of the base metal and weld metal as in UF-
ted in UF-43, may be performed either before or after 31 as contemplated for the actual work.
this heat treatment. (b) When the carbon content of the material exceeds
(a) After final heat treatment, such vessels shall 0.35% by ladle analysis, the vessel or part shall be
be examined for the presence of cracks on the outside fabricated without welding of any kind, except for
surface of the shell portion and on the inside surface repairs [see UF-37(b)], for seal welding of threaded
where practicable. This examination shall be made by connections as permitted in UF-43, and for minor
liquid penetrant when the material is nonmagnetic and nonpressure attachments. Minor nonpressure attach-
by liquid penetrant or magnetic particle examination ments shall be joined by fillet welds of not over 1⁄4
when the material is ferromagnetic. in. throat dimensions. Such welding shall be allowed
(b) After final heat treatment, liquid quenched under the following conditions.
and tempered vessels, except those made of austenitic (1) The suitability of the electrode and procedure
steels and except as provided in (c) below, shall be shall be established by making a groove weld specimen
subjected to Brinell hardness tests at 5 ft (1.5 m) as shown in QW-461.2 of Section IX in material of
intervals with a minimum of four readings at each the same analysis and of thickness in conformance
of not less than three different sections representing with QW-451. The specimen before welding shall be
approximately the center and each end of the heat in the same condition of heat treatment as the work
treated shell. The average of the individual Brinell it represents, and after welding the specimen shall be
hardness numbers at each section shall be not less than subjected to heat treatment equivalent to that contem-
10% below, nor more than 25% above the number plated for the work. Tensile and bend tests, as shown
obtained by dividing 500 into the specified minimum in QW-462.1, QW-462.2(a) and QW-462.3(a), shall be
tensile strength of the material, and the highest average made. These tests shall meet the requirements of QW-
hardness number shall not exceed the lowest average 150 and QW-160 of Section IX. The radius of the
value on an individual vessel by more than 40. Reheat mandrel used in the guided bend test shall be as follows:
treatment is permitted.
Specimen Radius of Radius of
NOTE: Other hardness testing methods may be used and converted Thickness Mandrel B1 Die D1
to Brinell numbers by means of the Table in ASTM E 140. 3⁄
8 in. 11⁄2 in. 111⁄16 in.
(c) For vessels which are integrally forged, hav- t 31⁄3t 41⁄3t + 1⁄16 in.
ing an overall length less than 5 ft (1.5 m) and a
nominal thickness not exceeding 1⁄2 in. (13 mm), the
NOTE:
requirements of (b) above may be modified by taking (1) Corresponds to dimensions B and D in QW-466.1 in Section
a minimum of two hardness readings at each end of IX, and other dimensions to be in proportion.
the vessel. These four hardness readings shall satisfy
the requirements of (b) above as if the four hardnesses Any cutting and gouging processes used in the repair
were applicable to one section. work shall be included as part of the procedure qualifi-
(d) In the case of austenitic steels, the heat cation.
treatment procedures followed shall be in accordance (2) Welders shall be qualified for fillet welding
with UHA-32. specified by making and testing a specimen in accor-
(2) Non-Heat-Treated Material. Postweld heat dance with QW-462.4(b) and QW-180 of Section IX.
treatment of vessels fabricated by welding of forged Welders shall be qualified for repair welding by making
parts not requiring heat treatment shall meet with the a test plate in accordance with QW-461.3 from which
requirements of UCS-56. the bend tests outlined in QW-452 shall be made. The
electrode used in making these tests shall be of the
same classification number as that specified in the
procedure. The material for these tests can be carbon
A99 UF-32 WELDING FOR FABRICATION
steel plate or pipe provided the test specimens are
(a) All welding used in connection with the fabrica- preheated, welded and postheated in accordance with
tion of forged vessels or components shall comply with the procedure specification for the type of electrode
the applicable requirements of Parts UW, UCS, and involved.

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 UF-32 PART UF — FORGED VESSELS UF-37

(3) The finished weld shall be postweld heat treated or machining and the surface exposed shall be blended
or given a further heat treatment as required by the smoothly into the adjacent area where sufficient wall
applicable material specification. The types of welding thickness permits thin areas in compliance with the
permitted in UF-32(b) shall be performed prior to final requirements of UF-30.
heat treatment except for seal welding of threaded
(b) Thinning to remove imperfections beyond those
openings which may be performed either before or
permitted in UF-30 may be repaired by welding only
after final heat treatment.
after acceptance by the Inspector. Defects shall be
(4) The finished welds shall be examined after
removed to sound metal as shown by acid etch or any
postweld heat treatment by liquid penetrant when the
other suitable method of examination. The welding
material is nonmagnetic and by liquid penetrant or
shall be as outlined below.
magnetic particle examination using the prod method
(1) Material Having Carbon Content of 0.35% or
when the material is ferromagnetic.
(c) The following requirements shall be used to Less (by Ladle Analysis)
qualify welding procedure and welder performance for (a) The welding procedure and welders shall be
seal welding of threaded connections in seamless forged qualified in accordance with Section IX.
pressure vessels of SA-372 Grades A, B, C, D, E, F, (b) Postweld heat treatment after welding shall
G, H, and J materials. be governed as follows.
(1) The suitability of the welding procedure, in- (1) All welding shall be postweld heat treated
cluding electrode, and the welder performance shall be if UCS-56 requires postweld heat treatment, for all
established by making a seal weld in the welding thicknesses of material of the analysis being used.
position to be used for the actual work and in a full- (2) Fillet welds need not be postweld heat
size prototype of the vessel neck, including at least treated unless required by (1) above or unless the fillet
some portion of the integrally forged head, conforming welds exceed the limits given in UCS-56.
to the requirements of UF-43 and the same geometry, (3) Repair welding shall be postweld heat
thickness, vessel material type, threaded-plug material treated when required by (b)(1)(b)(1) above or if it
type, and heat treatment as that for the production exceeds 6 sq in. (3871 mm2) at any spot or if the
vessel it represents. maximum depth exceeds 1⁄4 in. (6 mm).
(2) The seal weld in the prototype at the threaded (c) Repair welding shall be radiographed if the
connection of the neck and plug shall be cross sectioned maximum depth exceeds 3⁄8 in. (10 mm) Repair welds
to provide four macro-test specimens taken 90 deg. 3⁄ in. (10 mm) and under in depth which exceed 6
8
apart. sq in. (3871 mm2) at any spot and those made in
(3) One face of each cross section shall be materials requiring postweld heat treatment shall be
smoothed and etched with suitable etchant (see QW- examined by radiographing, magnetic particle or liquid
470) to give a clear definition of the weld metal and penetrant examination, or any alternative method suit-
heat affected zone. Visual examination of the cross able for revealing cracks.
sections of the weld metal and heat affected zone shall (d) For liquid quenched and tempered steels,
show complete fusion and freedom from cracks. other than austenitic steels, welding repairs shall be in
(4) All production welding shall be done in accord- accordance with UF-37(b)(3).
ance with the procedure qualification of (c)(1) above,
including the preheat and the electrode of the same (2) Material Having Carbon Content Over 0.35%
classification as that specified in the procedure, and (by Ladle Analysis)
with welders qualified using that procedure. (a) Welding repairs shall conform with UF-
(5) Seal welding of threaded connections may be 32(b) except that if the maximum weld depth exceeds
1⁄ in. (6 mm), radiography, in addition to magnetic
performed either before or after final heat treatment. 4
(6) The finished weld shall be examined by liquid particle or liquid penetrant examination, shall be used.
penetrant or magnetic particle examination using the (b) For liquid quenched and tempered steels,
prod method. other than austenitic steel, welding repair shall be in
accordance with (b)(3) below.
(3) Welding repairs of materials which are to be
UF-37 REPAIR OF DEFECTS IN
or have been liquid quenched and tempered, regardless
MATERIAL
of depth or area of repairs shall have the repaired area
(a) Surface defects, such as chip marks, blemishes, radiographed and examined by magnetic particle or
or other irregularities, shall be removed by grinding liquid penetrant examination.

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 UF-38 1998 SECTION VIII — DIVISION 1 UF-54

UF-38 REPAIR OF WELD DEFECTS defective material has been removed shall be inspected
after removal and again after any necessary repair.
The repair of welds of forgings having carbon content
not exceeding 0.35% by ladle analysis shall follow the
requirements of UW-38.
UF-47 PARTS FORGING
(a) When welding is used in the fabrication of parts
UF-43 ATTACHMENT OF THREADED forgings completed elsewhere, the parts forging manu-
NOZZLES TO INTEGRALLY facturer shall furnish a Form U-2 Partial Data Report.
FORGED NECKS AND (b) All parts forgings completed elsewhere shall be
THICKENED HEADS ON VESSELS marked with the manufacturer’s name and the forging
Threaded openings, over NPS 3 (DN 80), but not identification, including material designation. Should
exceeding the smaller of one-half of the vessel diameter identifying marks be obliterated in the fabrication pro-
or NPS 8, may be used in the heads of vessels having cess, and for small parts, other means of identification
integrally forged heads and necks that are so shaped shall be used. The forging manufacturer shall furnish
and thickened as to provide a center opening, which shall reports of chemical and mechanical properties of the
meet the rules governing openings and reinforcements material and certification that each forging conforms
contained elsewhere in the Code. Length of thread shall to all requirements of Part UF.
be calculated for the opening design, but shall not be (c) Parts forgings furnished as material for which
less than shown in Table UG-43. Threaded connections parts Data Reports are not required need not be inspected
employing straight threads shall provide for mechanical at the plant of the forging manufacturer, but the manu-
seating of the assembly by a shoulder or similar means. facturer shall furnish a report of the extent and location
When seal welding is employed in the installation of of any repairs together with certification that they were
a threaded nozzle, the work shall be performed and made in accordance with all other requirements of UF-
inspected in the shop of the vessel manufacturer. Seal 37 and UF-38. If desired, welding repairs of such
welding shall comply with UF-32. forgings may be made, inspected, and tested at the
shop of the pressure vessel manufacturer.

INSPECTION AND TESTS

UF-45 GENERAL UF-52 CHECK OF HEAT TREATMENT
AND POSTWELD HEAT
The rules in the following paragraphs apply spe- TREATMENT
cifically to the inspection and testing of forged vessels
and their component parts. These rules shall be used The Inspector shall check the provisions made for
to supplement the applicable requirements for inspection heat treatment to assure himself that the heat treatment
and tests given in UG-90 through UG-102. All forged is carried out in accordance with provisions of UF-31
vessels shall be examined as manufacture proceeds, to and UF-32. He shall also assure himself that postweld
assure freedom from loose scale, gouges or grooves, heat treatment is done after repair welding when required
and cracks or seams that are visible. After fabrication under the rules of UF-37.
has passed the machining stage, the vessel body shall
be measured at suitable intervals along its length to
get a record of variations in wall thickness, and the UF-53 TEST SPECIMENS
nozzles for connecting piping and other important details
shall be checked for conformity to the design dimen- When test specimens are to be taken under the
sions. applicable specification, the Inspector shall be allowed
to witness the selection, place the identifying stamping
on them, and witness the testing of these specimens.
UF-46 ACCEPTANCE BY INSPECTOR
Surfaces which are not to be machined shall be
UF-54 TESTS AND RETESTS
carefully inspected for visible defects such as seams,
laps, or folds. On surfaces to be machined the inspection Tests and retests shall be made in accordance with
shall be made after machining. Regions from which the requirements of the material specification.

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ASME B&PVC sec81$$u25 06-02-99 18:10:58 pd: sec81 Rev 14.04

 UF-55 PART UF — FORGED VESSELS UF-125

UF-55 ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION the vessel, and its sides are faired to a ratio of not
less than three to one.
(a) For vessels constructed of SA-372 Grade J, Class
110 material, the completed vessel after heat treatment
shall be examined ultrasonically in accordance with
SA-388. The reference specimen shall have the same MARKING AND REPORTS
nominal thickness, composition, and heat treatment as UF-115 GENERAL
the vessel it represents. Angle beam examination shall
be calibrated with a notch of a depth equal to 5% of The rules of UG-115 through UG-120 shall apply
the nominal section thickness, a length of approximately to forged vessels as far as practicable. Vessels con-
1 in. (25 mm), and a width not greater than twice its structed of liquid quenched and tempered material,
depth. other than austenitic steels, shall be marked on the
(b) A vessel is unacceptable if examination results thickened head, unless a nameplate is used.
show one or more imperfections which produce indica-
tions exceeding in amplitude the indication from the
calibrated notch. Round bottom surface imperfections, PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES
such as pits, scores, and conditioned areas, producing
UF-125 GENERAL
indications exceeding the amplitude of the calibrated
notch shall be acceptable if the thickness below the The provisions for pressure relief devices of UG-
indication is not less than the design wall thickness of 125 through UG-136 shall apply without supplement.

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