MODULE 4 - STUDIO EXERCISE

PART 1 - The Need for Time Management

Exercise 1: Cause and Impact matching game (Interactive on call)

Exercise 2: List out types of Delays that you have come across in any of your projects. Group them as
per stages of a project and write their cause-impact. (Group assignment)

A. Pre-construction stage: covers from idea of project to start the project on ground
Example: Onboarding Design Consultant - The time delay was caused by prolonged
internal approval processes. Impact - To catch up, the design delivery was expedited,
which led to errors and resulted in subsequent rework during the execution stage.
B. Construction stage: covers groundbreaking up to handover
C. Post construction stage: testing, commissioning and handover phases

Exercise 3: Draw a Gantt chart and mark the Critical path for an interior design project. Project
details and explanation is given. (Individual exercise)
EXERCISE 1:

Cause and Effect Matching Game:

Cause Impact
1. Poor Project Planning a) Delay in obtaining necessary approvals or permits
2. Design Changes b) Inadequate resources, leading to halted progress
3. Unforeseen Site Conditions c) Increased project costs and extended timeline
4. Contractor or Subcontractor Issues d) Disruptions in material supply or transportation
5. Financial Problems e) Project delays due to unavailable skilled labor
6. Labor Shortages f) Rework due to mismatched or incorrect designs
7. Material Shortages g) Equipment breakdowns, resulting in halted work
8. Regulatory Delays h) Project halted or slowed due to unexpected site issues
9. Weather Conditions i) Delay in project tasks due to inclement weather
10. Equipment Failures j) Project suspended due to lack of equipment
11. Logistical Challenges k) Subcontractor delays causing knock-on project delays
12. Client-Related Delays l) Increased cost due to project design modi cations
13. Supply Chain Issues m) Legal consequences or nancial penalties
14. Health and Safety Concerns n) Impact on supply and material availability
15. Management Incompetence o) Work delays from client approval bottlenecks
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EXERCISE 2 -
1. Pre-Construction Stage:These delays occur before the actual construction work begins.

• Design Delays: Late submission of design plans, changes in design, or inadequate details.
• Approval Delays: Delays in obtaining necessary permits, approvals, or legal clearances from
authorities.
• Bidding Delays: Issues in the bidding process, like unresponsive contractors or prolonged selection
periods.
• Financing Delays: Cash ow or funding issues, including delays in securing nancing for the
project.
• Site Condition Delays: Unforeseen conditions like poor soil quality or archaeological discoveries
during site evaluation.
Procurement Stage:Delays that happen when purchasing materials, equipment, or hiring subcontractors.
• Material Shortages: Delay in delivery of construction materials or components.
• Supply Chain Disruptions: Problems in global/local supply chains, impacting material
procurement.
• Equipment Delays: Delay in the arrival or malfunctioning of necessary construction equipment.
• Subcontractor Delays: Contractors or subcontractors failing to deliver on time, affecting overall
project timelines.

2. Construction Stage:Delays happening during the actual construction process.

• Labor Shortages: Insuf cient availability of skilled or unskilled labor.

• Weather Delays: Unpredictable weather conditions like heavy rain, snow, or extreme temperatures.
• Poor Workmanship: Delays due to errors or rework caused by mistakes in the execution of work.
• Equipment Failures: Equipment breakdowns or malfunctions halting work on the construction site.
• Site Safety Concerns: Safety-related incidents or hazards leading to a halt in work or a slowdown.
3. Post-Construction Stage:Delays occurring after the main construction work has been completed but
before project handover.

• Inspection and Testing Delays: Time taken for nal inspections or mandatory testing of completed
structures or systems.
• Final Documentation Delays: Delay in preparing or submitting required documentation like as-built
drawings or permits.
• Commissioning Delays: Delays in the start-up or operational testing of systems, machinery, or
facilities.
• Client Approvals: Delay in nal approval or acceptance by the client, delaying the handover
process.
4. External Delays (Applicable to All Stages):Delays caused by factors outside the direct control of the
construction team.

• Regulatory Changes: Changes in local regulations or standards that require modi cations to the
project.
• Political/Geopolitical Factors: Government policies, political instability, or international trade
issues.
• Natural Disasters: Earthquakes, oods, or other unforeseen natural events impacting construction
timelines.
• Public or Environmental Concerns: Protests, environmental regulations, or public safety concerns
causing work stoppages.
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 EXERCISE 3: Gantt chart & CPM - Interior Design Project
Explanation of Data:
Task A starts rst with a site survey and measurements, which takes 2 days.
Task B (design nalization) depends on A and takes 5 days.
Task C ( nalizing material selection) and Task D (getting client approvals) depend on the completion
of Task B.
Task E (ordering materials) can only happen after C and D are completed.
Task F (demolition and site preparation) can happen in parallel with Task B and depends only on the
completion of A.
Task G (structural work) and Task H (electrical and plumbing work) depend on F and are
independent of each other but should start simultaneously.
Task I (painting and nishing) will only begin after E, G, and H are done.
Task J (furniture and xture installation) takes place after I is completed.
Task K ( nal inspection and handover) happens after J is done.
Task Breakdown:
Step 1: Draw a Gantt Chart. Plot the activities on a timeline from Day 1 to Day 35, mapping their
durations and dependencies.
• Using the above data, plot the tasks and their durations on a Gantt chart.
• Mark the start and end dates of each activity on a timeline (e.g., day 1 to day 35).
• Ensure that the activities are laid out according to their dependencies and durations.
• Color-code the tasks to show parallel and dependent activities for easy visualization.
Step 2: Map the Critical Path Using CPM.
• After plotting the Gantt chart, students will calculate the earliest start (ES), earliest nish (EF), latest start
(LS), and latest nish (LF) for each activity.
• Students will need to identify the Critical Path by nding the longest path through the project, which
determines the overall project duration.
• Highlight the Critical Path on the Gantt chart. The critical path consists of the tasks where ES = LS and EF
= LF.
• Identify which activities fall on the Critical Path and emphasize their importance in meeting the project
deadlines.π
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