Design of Beam 1

Second Floor
Section Properties:
b ≔ 300 mm Beam width
h ≔ 450 mm Beam height
Cc ≔ 40 mm Concrete Cover
Material Properties:

f'c ≔ 3000 psi = 20.684 MPa Concrete Compressive Strength

fy ≔ 420 MPa Bending Reinforcement Steel Yield Strength
fyt ≔ 275 MPa Shear Reinforcement Steel Yield Strength
Es ≔ 200000 MPa Reinforcement Steel Modulus of Elasticity
ϕt ≔ 0.9 Flexure Strength Reduction Factor - Tension
Controlled
ϕs ≔ 0.75 Shear Strength Reduction Factor
ϕtr ≔ 0.75 Torsional Strength Reduction Factor
kN
γc ≔ 23.6 ―― Unit Weight of Concrete
m3
λ ≔ 1.0 Normal Weight Concrete

Reinforcement:
db ≔ 16 mm Diameter of Main Flexural Reinforcement
dt ≔ 10 mm Diameter of Stirrups

Applied Loads (Factored Loads Based on Analysis):

At left support:
MuLneg ≔ 116.229 kN ⋅ m Mu negative (top bars)
MuLpos ≔ 87.823 kN ⋅ m Mu positive (bottom bars)
VuL ≔ 73.094 kN Shear Force at Left Support
TuL ≔ 43.495 kN ⋅ m Torsion at Left Support
NuL ≔ 0 kN Axial Force at Left Support
At midspan:
MuMneg ≔ 81.848 kN ⋅ m Mu negative (top bars)
MuMpos ≔ 3.854 kN ⋅ m Mu positive (bottom bars)
VuM ≔ 68.905 kN Shear Force at Midspan
TuM ≔ 43.495 kN ⋅ m Torsion at Midspan
NuM ≔ 0 kN Axial Force at Midspan
At right support:
MuRneg ≔ 64.401 kN ⋅ m Mu negative (top bars)
MuRpos ≔ 317.537 kN ⋅ m Mu positive (bottom bars)
VuR ≔ 155.945 kN Shear Force at Right Support
TuR ≔ 43.495 kN ⋅ m Torsion at Right Support
NuR ≔ 0 kN Axial Force at Right Support

Effective depth:
d ≔ h - Cc - dt - 0.5 db = 392 mm

β ≔ ‖ if f'c ≤ 28 MPa | | = 0.85

‖ ‖ | |
‖ ‖ 0.85 | |
‖ if 28 MPa < f'c < 55 MPa ||
‖ ||
‖ ‖ 0.05
((f'c - 28 MPa )) | |
‖ ‖ 0.85 - ――― |
 d ≔ h - Cc - dt - 0.5 db = 392 mm

β ≔ ‖ if f'c ≤ 28 MPa | | = 0.85

‖ ‖ | |
‖ ‖ 0.85 | |
‖ if 28 MPa < f'c < 55 MPa ||
‖ ||
‖ ‖ 0.05
((f'c - 28 MPa )) | |
‖ ‖ 0.85 - ―――
7 MPa || |
‖ ‖‖ |
‖ if f'c ≥ 55 MPa | |
‖ ‖ 0.65 | |
‖ ‖ | |

Design of Main Flexural Reinforcement

At left support:
Top Bars
MuLneg = 116.229 ((kN ⋅ m))
MuLneg
RnLneg ≔ ――― = 2.801 MPa
ϕt ⋅ b ⋅ d 2

⎛ 0.85 f'c ⎞ ⎛ 2 RnLneg ⎞

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
ρL_neg ≔ ⎜――― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜ 1 - 1 - ――― ⎟ = 0.00731
⎝ fy ⎠ ⎝ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⎠
fy
0.003 + ――
Es ⎛ f'c ⎞ ⎛ 600 MPa ⎞
ρmax_Lneg ≔ ――――― ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ β ⋅ ⎜―⎟ ⎜――――― ⎟ = 0.01334
0.003 + 0.005 ⎝ fy ⎠ ⎝ 600 MPa + fy ⎠
ρLneg ≔ min ⎛⎝ρL_neg , ρmax_Lneg⎞⎠ = 0.00731

⎛ ⎞
0.25 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa 1.4 MPa ⎟
ρmin_Lneg ≔ max ⎜―――――― , ――― = 0.00333
⎜⎝ fy fy ⎟⎠
pLt ≔ max ⎛⎝ρmin_Lneg , ρLneg⎞⎠ = 0.00731

AsLneg ≔ pLt ⋅ b ⋅ d = 859.415 mm 2

π
AbLneg ≔ ―⎛⎝db⎞⎠ 2 = 201.062 mm 2
4
Number of Bars:
AsLneg
NLneg ≔ ――― = 4.274
AbLneg
NL_top ≔ Ceil ⎛⎝NLneg , 1⎞⎠ = 5

NL_top = 5
Bottom Bars
MuLpos = 87.823 ((kN ⋅ m))
MuLpos
RnLpos ≔ ――― = 2.117 MPa
ϕt ⋅ b ⋅ d 2

⎛ 0.85 f'c ⎞ ⎛ 2 RnLpos ⎞

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
ρL_pos ≔ ⎜――― ⎟ ⋅ 1 - 1 - ―――⎟ = 0.00539
⎜
⎝ fy ⎠ ⎝ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⎠
fy
0.003 + ――
Es ⎛ f'c ⎞ ⎛ 600 MPa ⎞
ρmax_Lpos ≔ ――――― ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ β ⋅ ⎜―⎟ ⎜――――― ⎟ = 0.01334
0.003 + 0.005 ⎝ fy ⎠ ⎝ 600 MPa + fy ⎠
 ⎛ 0.85 f'c ⎞ ⎛ 2 RnLpos ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
ρL_pos ≔ ⎜――― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜ 1 - 1 - ――― ⎟ = 0.00539
⎝ fy ⎠ ⎝ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⎠
fy
0.003 + ――
Es ⎛ f'c ⎞ ⎛ 600 MPa ⎞
ρmax_Lpos ≔ ――――― ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ β ⋅ ⎜―⎟ ⎜――――― ⎟ = 0.01334
0.003 + 0.005 ⎝ fy ⎠ ⎝ 600 MPa + fy ⎠

ρLpos ≔ min ⎛⎝ρL_pos , ρmax_Lpos⎞⎠ = 0.00539

⎛ ⎞
0.25 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa 1.4 MPa ⎟
ρmin_Lpos ≔ max ⎜―――――― , ――― = 0.00333
⎜⎝ fy fy ⎟⎠
pLb ≔ max ⎛⎝ρmin_Lpos , ρLpos⎞⎠ = 0.00539

AsLpos ≔ pLb ⋅ b ⋅ d = 633.448 mm 2

π
AbLpos ≔ ―⎛⎝db⎞⎠ 2 = 201.062 mm 2
4
Number of Bars:
AsLpos
NLpos ≔ ――― = 3.151
AbLpos
NL_bottom ≔ Ceil ⎛⎝NLpos , 1⎞⎠ = 4

NL_bottom = 4

At Midspan:
Top Bars
MuMneg = 81.848 ((kN ⋅ m))
MuMneg
RnMneg ≔ ――― = 1.973 MPa
ϕt ⋅ b ⋅ d 2

⎛ 0.85 f'c ⎞ ⎛ 2 RnMneg ⎞

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
ρM_neg ≔ ⎜――― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜ 1 - 1 - ――― ⎟ = 0.005
⎝ fy ⎠ ⎝ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⎠
fy
0.003 + ――
Es ⎛ f'c ⎞ ⎛ 600 MPa ⎞
ρmax_Mneg ≔ ――――― ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ β ⋅ ⎜―⎟ ⎜――――― ⎟ = 0.01334
0.003 + 0.005 ⎝ fy ⎠ ⎝ 600 MPa + fy ⎠
ρMneg ≔ min ⎛⎝ρM_neg , ρmax_Mneg⎞⎠ = 0.005

⎛ ⎞
⎜ 0.25 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa 1.4 MPa ⎟
ρmin_Mneg ≔ max ―――――― , ――― = 0.00333
⎜⎝ fy fy ⎟⎠
pMt ≔ max ⎛⎝ρmin_Mneg , ρMneg⎞⎠ = 0.005

AsMneg ≔ pMt ⋅ b ⋅ d = 587.417 mm 2

π
AbMneg ≔ ―⎛⎝db⎞⎠ 2 = 201.062 mm 2
4

Number of Bars:
 Number of Bars:
AsMneg
NMneg ≔ ――― = 2.922
AbMneg
NM_top ≔ Ceil ⎛⎝NMneg , 1⎞⎠ = 3

NM_top = 3

Bottom Bars
MuMpos = 3.854 ((kN ⋅ m))
MuMpos
RnMpos ≔ ――― = 0.093 MPa
ϕt ⋅ b ⋅ d 2

⎛ 0.85 f'c ⎞ ⎛ 2 RnMpos ⎞

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
ρM_pos ≔ ⎜――― ⎟ ⋅ 1 - 1 - ―――⎟ = 0.00022
⎜
⎝ fy ⎠ ⎝ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⎠
fy
0.003 + ――
Es ⎛ f'c ⎞ ⎛ 600 MPa ⎞
ρmax_Mpos ≔ ――――― ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ β ⋅ ⎜―⎟ ⎜――――― ⎟ = 0.01334
0.003 + 0.005 ⎝ fy ⎠ ⎝ 600 MPa + fy ⎠

ρMpos ≔ min ⎛⎝ρM_pos , ρmax_Mpos⎞⎠ = 0.00022

⎛ ⎞
0.25 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa 1.4 MPa ⎟
ρmin_Mpos ≔ max ⎜―――――― , ――― = 0.00333
⎜⎝ fy fy ⎟⎠

pMb ≔ max ⎛⎝ρmin_Mpos , ρMpos⎞⎠ = 0.00333

AsMpos ≔ pMb ⋅ b ⋅ d = 392 mm 2

π
AbMpos ≔ ―⎛⎝db⎞⎠ 2 = 201.062 mm 2
4
Number of Bars:
AsMpos
NMpos ≔ ――― = 1.95
AbMpos
NM_bottom ≔ Ceil ⎛⎝NMpos , 1⎞⎠ = 2

NM_bottom = 2

At Right Support:
Top Bars

MuRneg = 64.401 ((kN ⋅ m))

MuRneg
RnRneg ≔ ――― = 1.552 MPa
ϕt ⋅ b ⋅ d 2

⎛ 0.85 f'c ⎞ ⎛ 2 RnRneg ⎞

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
ρR_neg ≔ ⎜――― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜ 1 - 1 - ――― ⎟ = 0.00388
⎝ fy ⎠ ⎝ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⎠
 ⎛ 0.85 f'c ⎞ ⎛ 2 RnRneg ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
ρR_neg ≔ ⎜――― ⎟ ⋅ 1 - 1 - ―――⎟ = 0.00388
⎜
⎝ fy ⎠ ⎝ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⎠
fy
0.003 + ――
Es ⎛ f'c ⎞ ⎛ 600 MPa ⎞
ρmax_Rneg ≔ ――――― ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ β ⋅ ⎜―⎟ ⎜――――― ⎟ = 0.01334
0.003 + 0.005 ⎝ fy ⎠ ⎝ 600 MPa + fy ⎠

ρRneg ≔ min ⎛⎝ρR_neg , ρmax_Rneg⎞⎠ = 0.00388

⎛ ⎞
0.25 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa 1.4 MPa ⎟
ρmin_Rneg ≔ max ⎜―――――― , ――― = 0.00333
⎜⎝ fy fy ⎟⎠

pRt ≔ max ⎛⎝ρmin_Rneg , ρRneg⎞⎠ = 0.00388

AsRneg ≔ pRt ⋅ b ⋅ d = 455.718 mm 2

π
AbRneg ≔ ―⎛⎝db⎞⎠ 2 = 201.062 mm 2
4
Number of Bars:
AsRneg
NRneg ≔ ――― = 2.267
AbRneg
NR_top ≔ Ceil ⎛⎝NRneg , 1⎞⎠ = 3

Bottom Bars
MuRpos = 317.537 ((kN ⋅ m))
MuRpos
RnRpos ≔ ――― = 7.653 MPa
ϕt ⋅ b ⋅ d 2

⎛ 0.85 f'c ⎞ ⎛ 2 RnRpos ⎞

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
ρR_pos ≔ ⎜――― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜ 1 - 1 - ―――⎟ = 0.0268
⎝ fy ⎠ ⎝ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⎠
fy
0.003 + ――
Es ⎛ f'c ⎞ ⎛ 600 MPa ⎞
ρmax_Rpos ≔ ――――― ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ β ⋅ ⎜―⎟ ⎜――――― ⎟ = 0.01334
0.003 + 0.005 ⎝ fy ⎠ ⎝ 600 MPa + fy ⎠

ρRpos ≔ min ⎛⎝ρR_pos , ρmax_Rpos⎞⎠ = 0.01334

⎛ ⎞
0.25 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa 1.4 MPa ⎟
ρmin_Rpos ≔ max ⎜―――――― , ――― = 0.00333
⎜⎝ fy fy ⎟⎠

pRb ≔ max ⎛⎝ρmin_Rpos , ρRpos⎞⎠ = 0.01334

AsRpos ≔ pRb ⋅ b ⋅ d = 1569.161 mm 2

π
AbRpos ≔ ―⎛⎝db⎞⎠ 2 = 201.062 mm 2
4
 AsRpos ≔ pRb ⋅ b ⋅ d = 1569.161 mm 2
π
AbRpos ≔ ―⎛⎝db⎞⎠ 2 = 201.062 mm 2
4
Number of Bars:
AsRpos
NRpos ≔ ――― = 7.804
AbRpos
NR_bottom ≔ Ceil ⎛⎝NRpos , 1⎞⎠ = 8

NR_bottom = 8

Design of Shear Reinforcement

At left support:

VuL = 73.094 kN
Shear Strength Provided by the Concrete:

VcL ≔ ‖ if NuL > 0 | | = 90.92355 kN

‖ ||
‖ ‖ ⎛ 0.29 ⋅ ⎛⎝-NuL⎞⎠ ⎞ | |
‖ ‖ 0.17 λ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ b ⋅ d ⋅ ⎜1 + ――――― ⎟ |
‖ ‖‖ ⎝ b ⋅ h ⋅ MPa ⎠ || |
‖ if NuL ＝ 0 | |
‖ ‖ | |
‖ ‖ 0.17 λ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ b ⋅ d || |
‖ |
‖ if NuL < 0 ||
‖ ‖ |
⎛ -NuL ⎞||
‖ ‖ 0.17 λ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ b ⋅ d ⋅ ⎜1 + ――――― ⎟ |
‖ ‖‖ ⎝ 14 MPa ⋅ b ⋅ h ⎠ || |
‖ |
Shear Strength Provided by the Stirrups:

VsL ≔ ‖ if ϕs ⋅ VcL < VuL| | = 6.53512 kN

‖ | |
‖ ‖ VuL | |
‖ ‖ ―― - VcL | |
‖ ‖‖ ϕs | |
‖ 1 ||
‖ if ―⋅ ϕs ⋅ VcL < VuL < ϕs ⋅ VcL ||
‖ 2 ||
‖ ‖ ⎛ N ⎞ ||
‖ ‖ max ⎜0.062 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ b ⋅ d , 0.35 ⋅ ―― ⋅ b ⋅ d⎟ ||
‖ ‖‖ ⎝ mm 2 ⎠||
‖ if ϕs ⋅ Vc ≥ Vu | |
‖ L L
| |
‖ ‖‖ 0 | |
‖ |
Spacing:
nL ≔ 2
nL ⋅ π
AvL ≔ ―― ⎛⎝dt⎞⎠ 2 = 157.08 mm 2
4
AvL ⋅ fyt ⋅ d
Sl ≔ ―――― = 2591.105 mm
VsL

‖ 1 ||
SmaxL ≔ ‖ if VsL ≤ ―⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ b ⋅ d | | = 196 mm
‖ 3 ||
‖ ‖ ⎛d ⎞ ||
‖ ‖ min ⎜―, 600 mm ⎟ ||
‖ ‖‖ ⎝2 ⎠ ||
 ‖ 1 ||
SmaxL ≔ ‖ if VsL ≤ ―⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ b ⋅ d | | = 196 mm
‖ 3 ||
‖ ‖ ⎛d ⎞ ||
‖ ‖ min ⎜―, 600 mm ⎟ ||
‖ ‖‖ ⎝2 ⎠ ||
‖ 1 ||
‖ also if VsL > ―⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ b ⋅ d| |
‖ 3 ||
‖ ‖ ⎛d ⎞ ||
‖ ‖ min ⎜―, 300 mm ⎟ ||
‖ ‖‖ ⎝4 ⎠ ||
‖ 1 | |
‖ if ―⋅ ϕs ⋅ VcL < VuL < ϕs ⋅ VcL| |
‖ 2 | |
‖ ‖ ⎛d ⎞ | |
‖ ‖ min ⎜―, 600 mm ⎟ | |
‖ ‖‖ ⎝2 ⎠ | |
‖ if ϕs ⋅ Vc ≥ Vu | |
L L
‖ | |
‖ ‖‖ 0 mm | |
‖ |

SL ≔ min ⎛⎝Floor ⎛⎝Sl , 5 mm ⎞⎠ , Floor ⎛⎝SmaxL , 5 mm ⎞⎠⎞⎠ = 195 mm

At midspan
VuM = 68.905 kN
Shear Strength Provided by the Concrete:

VcM ≔ ‖ if NuM > 0 | | = 90.92355 kN

‖ ||
‖ ‖ ⎛ 0.29 ⋅ ⎛⎝-NuM⎞⎠ ⎞ | |
‖ ‖ 0.17 λ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ b ⋅ d ⋅ ⎜1 + ――――― ⎟ |
‖ ‖‖ ⎝ b ⋅ h ⋅ MPa ⎠ || |
‖ if NuM ＝ 0 | |
‖ ‖ | |
‖ ‖ 0.17 λ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ |
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ b ⋅ d | |
‖ |
‖ if NuM < 0 ||
‖ ‖ |
⎛ -NuM ⎞| |
‖ ‖ 0.17 λ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ b ⋅ d ⋅ ⎜1 + ――――― ⎟ |
‖ ‖‖ ⎝ 14 MPa ⋅ b ⋅ h ⎠ || |
‖ |
Shear Strength Provided by the Stirrups:

VsM ≔ ‖ if ϕs ⋅ VcM < VuM| | = 949.78793 N

‖ | |
‖ ‖ VuM | |
‖ ‖ ――- VcM | |
‖ ‖‖ ϕs | |
‖ 1 ||
‖ if ―⋅ ϕs ⋅ VcM < VuM < ϕs ⋅ VcM ||
‖ 2 ||
‖ ‖ ⎛ kN ⎞||
‖ ‖ max ⎜0.062 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ b ⋅ d , 0.35 ⋅ ―― ⋅ b ⋅ d⎟ | |
‖ ‖‖ ⎝ m2 ⎠||
‖ if ϕs ⋅ Vc ≥ Vu | |
‖ M M
| |
‖ ‖‖ 0 | |
‖ |

Spacing:
 kN
‖ ‖ max ⎜0.062 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ b ⋅ d , 0.35 ⋅ ―― ⋅ b ⋅ d⎟ | |
‖ ‖‖ ⎝ m2 ⎠||
‖ if ϕs ⋅ Vc ≥ Vu | |
‖ M M
| |
‖ ‖‖ 0 | |
‖ |

Spacing:
nM ≔ 2
nM π
AvM ≔ ―― ⎛⎝dt⎞⎠ 2 = 157.08 mm 2
4
AvM ⋅ fyt ⋅ d
Sm ≔ ―――― = 17828.384 mm
VsM
‖ 1 ||
SmaxM ≔ ‖ if VsM ≤ ―⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ b ⋅ d | | = 196 mm
‖ 3 ||
‖ ‖ ⎛d ⎞ ||
‖ ‖ min ⎜―, 600 mm ⎟ ||
‖ ‖‖ ⎝2 ⎠ ||
‖ 1 ||
‖ also if VsM > ―⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ b ⋅ d| |
‖ 3 ||
‖ ‖ ⎛d ⎞ ||
‖ ‖ min ⎜―, 300 mm ⎟ ||
‖ ‖‖ ⎝4 ⎠ ||
‖ 1 | |
‖ if ―⋅ ϕs ⋅ VcM < VuM < ϕs ⋅ VcM| |
‖ 2 | |
‖ ‖ ⎛d ⎞ | |
‖ ‖ min ⎜―, 600 mm ⎟ | |
‖ ‖‖ ⎝2 ⎠ | |
‖ if ϕs ⋅ Vc ≥ Vu | |
M M
‖ | |
‖ ‖‖ 0 mm | |
‖ |

SM ≔ min ⎛⎝Floor ⎛⎝Sm , 5 mm ⎞⎠ , Floor ⎛⎝SmaxM , 5 mm ⎞⎠⎞⎠ = 195 mm

At right support:
VuR = 155.945 kN

Shear Strength Provided by the Concrete:

VcR ≔ ‖ if NuR > 0 | | = 90.92355 kN

‖ ||
‖ ‖ ⎛ 0.29 ⋅ ⎛⎝-NuR⎞⎠ ⎞ | |
‖ ‖ 0.17 λ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ b ⋅ d ⋅ ⎜1 + ――――― ⎟ |
‖ ‖‖ ⎝ b ⋅ h ⋅ MPa ⎠ || |
‖ if NuR ＝ 0 | |
‖ ‖ | |
‖ ‖ 0.17 λ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ b ⋅ d || |
‖ |
‖ if NuR < 0 ||
‖ ‖ |
⎛ -NuR ⎞||
‖ ‖ 0.17 λ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ b ⋅ d ⋅ ⎜1 + ――――― ⎟||
‖ ‖‖ ⎝ 14 MPa ⋅ b ⋅ h ⎠||
‖ |

Shear Strength Provided by the Stirrups:

Shear Strength Provided by the Stirrups:

VsR ≔ ‖ if ϕs ⋅ VcR < VuR| | = 117.00312 kN

‖ | |
‖ ‖ VuR | |
‖ ‖ ―― - VcR | |
‖ ‖‖ ϕs | |
‖ 1 ||
‖ if ―⋅ ϕs ⋅ VcR < VuR < ϕs ⋅ VcR ||
‖ 2 ||
‖ ‖ ⎛ kN ⎞||
‖ ‖ max ⎜0.062 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ b ⋅ d , 0.35 ⋅ ―― ⋅ b ⋅ d⎟ | |
‖ ‖‖ ⎝ m2 ⎠||
‖ if ϕs ⋅ Vc ≥ Vu | |
‖ R R
| |
‖ ‖‖ 0 | |
‖ |
Spacing:
nR ≔ 2
nR π
AvR ≔ ――⎛⎝dt⎞⎠ 2 = 157.08 mm 2
4
AvR ⋅ fyt ⋅ d
Sr ≔ ―――― = 144.724 mm
VsR
‖ 1 ||
SmaxR ≔ ‖ if VsR ≤ ―⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ b ⋅ d | | = 196 mm
‖ 3 ||
‖ ‖ ⎛d ⎞ ||
‖ ‖ min ⎜―, 600 mm ⎟ ||
‖ ‖‖ ⎝2 ⎠ ||
‖ 1 ||
‖ also if VsR > ―⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ b ⋅ d| |
‖ 3 ||
‖ ‖ ⎛d ⎞ ||
‖ ‖ min ⎜―, 300 mm ⎟ ||
‖ ‖‖ ⎝4 ⎠ ||
‖ 1 | |
‖ if ―⋅ ϕs ⋅ VcR < VuR < ϕs ⋅ VcR| |
‖ 2 | |
‖ ‖ ⎛d ⎞ | |
‖ ‖ min ⎜―, 600 mm ⎟ | |
‖ ‖‖ ⎝2 ⎠ | |
‖ if ϕs ⋅ Vc ≥ Vu | |
R R
‖ | |
‖ ‖‖ 0 mm | |
‖ |

SR ≔ min ⎛⎝Floor ⎛⎝Sr , 5 mm ⎞⎠ , Floor ⎛⎝SmaxR , 5 mm ⎞⎠⎞⎠ = 140 mm

Design of Torsion Reinforcement

Acp ≔ b ⋅ h = 135000 mm 2

Pcp ≔ 2 ((b + h)) = 1500 mm

Aoh ≔ ⎛⎝b - 2 Cc - dt⎞⎠ ⎛⎝h - 2 Cc - dt⎞⎠ = 75600 mm 2

Ph ≔ 2 ⎛⎝⎛⎝b - 2 Cc - dt⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝h - 2 Cc - dt⎞⎠⎞⎠ = 1140 mm

Ao ≔ 0.85 ⋅ Aoh = 64260 mm 2

 Ph ≔ 2 ⎛⎝⎛⎝b - 2 Cc - dt⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝h - 2 Cc - dt⎞⎠⎞⎠ = 1140 mm

Ao ≔ 0.85 ⋅ Aoh = 64260 mm 2

At left support:
TuL = 43.495 kN ⋅ m

TthL ≔ ‖ if NuL > 0 | | = 4.605 kN ⋅ m

‖ ||
‖ ‖ 1 ⎛ A 2 ⎞ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ -NuL ||
‖ ‖ ―⋅ λ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ ⎜――
cp
⎟ ⋅ 1 + ―――――――― ||
‖ ‖ 12 ⎜⎝ Pcp ⎠⎟ f'c ⋅ MPa || |
0.33 ⋅ b ⋅ h ⋅ λ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
‖ ‖ |
‖ if NuL ＝ 0 | |
‖ ‖ | |
⎛A ⎞| 2
‖ ‖ 1 ⋅λ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎜
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ ――|
cp
⎟ |
‖ ‖― 12 ⎜⎝ Pcp ⎟⎠ | |
‖ ‖ |
‖ if NuL < 0 ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ 1 ⎛ A 2 ⎞ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
-NuL ||
cp
⋅λ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ ⋅ 1 + ――――――――| |
‖ ‖― 12
‖ ‖ ⎜⎝ Pcp ⎟⎠ 0.33 ⋅ b ⋅ h ⋅ λ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa || |
‖ |

Tu>Tth : Torsion Reinforcement is necessary

Check cross-sectional limits:

Shear Stress (Loads)

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ VuL ⎞ 2 ⎛ TuL ⋅ Ph ⎞ 2
SS ≔ ⎜―― ⎟ + ⎜――― ⎟ = 5.141 MPa
⎝ b⋅d ⎠ 2
⎜⎝ 1.7 Aoh ⎟⎠

Torsional Moment Strength

⎛ VcL ⎛ ⎞⎞
TMS ≔ ϕtr ⋅ ⎜―― + ⎝0.66 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⎠⎟ = 2.831 MPa
⎝b⋅d ⎠
Shear Stress (Loads) > Torsional Moment Strength

nt ≔ 2
nt π
At ≔ ――⎛⎝dt⎞⎠ 2 = 157.08 mm 2
4
2 ⋅ Ao ⋅ At ⋅ fyt
sL1 ≔ ――――― = 95.729 mm
TuL
――
ϕtr
⎛ Ph ⎞
Smax_t ≔ min ⎜― , 300 mm ⎟ = 142.5 mm
⎝ 8 ⎠
sL ≔ min ⎛⎝SL , Smax_t⎞⎠ = 142.5 mm

sL ≔ Floor ⎛⎝sL , 5 mm ⎞⎠ = 140 mm

At midspan:
 sL ≔ Floor ⎛⎝sL , 5 mm ⎞⎠ = 140 mm

At midspan:
TuM = 43.495 kN ⋅ m

TthM ≔ ‖ if NuM > 0 | | = 4.605 kN ⋅ m

‖ ||
‖ ‖ 1 ⎛ A 2 ⎞ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ -NuM ||
‖ ‖ ―⋅ λ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ ⎜――
cp
⎟ ⋅ 1 + ―――――――― ||
‖ ‖ 12 ⎜⎝ Pcp ⎟⎠ f'c ⋅ MPa || |
0.33 ⋅ b ⋅ h ⋅ λ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
‖ ‖ |
‖ if NuM ＝ 0 | |
‖ ‖ | |
⎛A ⎞| 2
‖ ‖ 1 ⋅λ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎜
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ ――|
cp
⎟ |
‖ ‖― 12 ⎜⎝ Pcp ⎟⎠ | |
‖ ‖ |
‖ if NuM < 0 ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ 1 ⎛ A 2 ⎞ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
-NuM ||
cp
⋅λ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ ⋅ 1 + ――――――――| |
‖ ‖― 12
‖ ‖ ⎜⎝ Pcp ⎟⎠ 0.33 ⋅ b ⋅ h ⋅ λ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa || |
‖ |

Tu>Tth : Torsion Reinforcement is necessary

Check cross-sectional limits:

Shear Stress (Loads)

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ VuM ⎞ 2 ⎛ TuM ⋅ Ph ⎞ 2
SSM ≔ ⎜―― ⎟ + ⎜――― ⎟ = 5.137 MPa
⎝ b⋅d ⎠ 2
⎜⎝ 1.7 Aoh ⎟⎠

Torsional Moment Strength

⎛ VcM ⎛ ⎞⎞
TMSM ≔ ϕtr ⋅ ⎜―― + ⎝0.66 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⎠⎟ = 2.831 MPa
⎝ b⋅d ⎠

Shear Stress (Loads) > Torsional Moment Strength

nt = 2

At = 157.08 mm 2
2 ⋅ Ao ⋅ At ⋅ fyt
sM1 ≔ ――――― = 95.729 mm
TuM
――
ϕtr
Smax_t = 142.5 mm

sM ≔ min ⎛⎝SM , Smax_t⎞⎠ = 142.5 mm

sM ≔ Floor ⎛⎝sM , 5 mm ⎞⎠ = 140 mm

At Right Support:
At Right Support:
TuR = 43.495 kN ⋅ m

TthR ≔ ‖ if NuR > 0 | | = 4.605 kN ⋅ m

‖ ||
‖ ‖ 1 ⎛ A 2 ⎞ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ -NuR ||
‖ ‖ ―⋅ λ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ ⎜――
cp
⎟ ⋅ 1 + ―――――――― ||
‖ ‖ 12 ⎜⎝ Pcp ⎟⎠ f'c ⋅ MPa || |
0.33 ⋅ b ⋅ h ⋅ λ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
‖ ‖ |
‖ if NuR ＝ 0 | |
‖ ‖ | |
⎛A ⎞| 2
‖ ‖ 1 ⋅λ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎜
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ ――|
cp
⎟ |
‖ ‖― 12 ⎜⎝ Pcp ⎟⎠ | |
‖ ‖ |
‖ if NuR < 0 ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ 1 ⎛ A 2 ⎞ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
-NuR ||
cp
⋅λ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ ⋅ 1 + ――――――――| |
‖ ‖― 12
‖ ‖ ⎜⎝ Pcp ⎟⎠ 0.33 ⋅ b ⋅ h ⋅ λ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa || |
‖ |

Tu>Tth : Torsion Reinforcement is necessary

Check cross-sectional limits:

Shear Stress (Loads)

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ VuR ⎞ 2 ⎛ TuR ⋅ Ph ⎞ 2
SSR ≔ ⎜―― ⎟ + ⎜――― ⎟ = 5.273 MPa
⎝ b⋅d ⎠ 2
⎜⎝ 1.7 Aoh ⎟⎠

Torsional Moment Strength

⎛ VcR ⎛ ⎞⎞
TMSR ≔ ϕtr ⋅ ⎜―― + ⎝0.66 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⎠⎟ = 2.831 MPa
⎝ b⋅d ⎠

Shear Stress (Loads) > Torsional Moment Strength

nt = 2

At = 157.08 mm 2
2 ⋅ Ao ⋅ At ⋅ fyt
sR1 ≔ ――――― = 95.729 mm
TuR
――
ϕtr
Smax_t = 142.5 mm

sR ≔ min ⎛⎝SR , Smax_t⎞⎠ = 140 mm

sR ≔ Floor ⎛⎝sR , 5 mm ⎞⎠ = 140 mm

 Spacing due to Combined Shear and Torsion
At Right Support:
AvL At
Ah ≔ ―― +2⋅― b = 300 mm
SL sL fyt = 275 MPa
Ah = 3.05 mm f'c = 20.684 MPa
b
Ahmin_1 ≔ 0.062 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ ――
fyt
Ahmin_1 = 0.308 mm
b
Ahmin_2 ≔ 0.35 ⋅ ――――
1
fyt ⋅ ――
MPa
Ahmin_2 = 0.382 mm

Ah ≔ max ⎛⎝Ah , Ahmin_1 , Ahmin_2⎞⎠

Ah = 3.05 mm

π
―((12 mm )) 2
4
SST_l ≔ ―――――
Ah
SST_l = 37.087 mm
SST_l ≔ Floor ⎛⎝SST_l , 5 mm ⎞⎠ = 35 mm

At Midspan:
AvM At
Ah ≔ ―― +2⋅― b = 300 mm
SM sM fyt = 275 MPa
Ah = 3.05 mm f'c = 20.684 MPa
b
Ahmin_1 ≔ 0.062 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ ――
fyt
Ahmin_1 = 0.308 mm
b
Ahmin_2 ≔ 0.35 ⋅ ――――
1
fyt ⋅ ――
MPa
Ahmin_2 = 0.382 mm

Ah ≔ max ⎛⎝Ah , Ahmin_1 , Ahmin_2⎞⎠

Ah = 3.05 mm
π
―((12 mm )) 2
4
SST_m ≔ ―――――
Ah
 π
―((12 mm )) 2
4
SST_m ≔ ―――――
Ah

SST_m = 37.087 mm
SST_m ≔ Floor ⎛⎝SST_m , 5 mm ⎞⎠ = 35 mm

At Right Support:
AvR At
Ah ≔ ―― +2⋅― b = 300 mm
SR sR fyt = 275 MPa
Ah = 3.366 mm f'c = 20.684 MPa
b
Ahmin_1 ≔ 0.062 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ ――
fyt
Ahmin_1 = 0.308 mm
b
Ahmin_2 ≔ 0.35 ⋅ ――――
1
fyt ⋅ ――
MPa
Ahmin_2 = 0.382 mm

Ah ≔ max ⎛⎝Ah , Ahmin_1 , Ahmin_2⎞⎠

Ah = 3.366 mm
π
―((12 mm )) 2
4
SST_r ≔ ―――――
Ah
SST_r = 33.6 mm
SST_r ≔ Floor ⎛⎝SST_r , 5 mm ⎞⎠ = 30 mm

Additional Area of Longitudinal Reinforcement

Ph = 1140 mm At = 157.08 mm 2 b = 300 mm
fyt = 275 MPa fy = 420 MPa

At Right Support:
fyt At 2
Al ≔ Ph ⋅ ―― ⋅ ―⋅ cot ((45))
fy sL
Al = 319.206 mm 2

0.42 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ Acp ⎛ At ⎞ fyt
Almin1 ≔ ―――――――- ⎜―⎟ ⋅ Ph ⋅ ――
fy ⎝ sL ⎠ fy
Almin1 = -223.511 mm 2
0.42 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ Acp ⎛ 0.175 ⋅ b ⎞ fyt
Almin2 ≔ ―――――――- ⎜―――― ⎟ ⋅ Ph ⋅ ――
fy 1 ⎟
⎜ fyt ⋅ ―― fy
⎜⎝ MPa ⎟⎠
2
Almin2 = 471.48 mm
 Almin2 = 471.48 mm 2

Al ≔ max ⎛⎝Al , Almin1 , Almin2⎞⎠

Al = 471.48 mm 2
Al
NL ≔ ―――――
π
―((12 mm )) 2
4
NL = 4.169
NL ≔ Ceil ⎛⎝NL , 1⎞⎠
NL = 5

At Midspan:
fyt At 2
Al ≔ Ph ⋅ ―― ⋅ ― ⋅ cot ((45))
fy sM
Al = 319.206 mm 2

0.42 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ Acp ⎛ At ⎞ fyt
Almin1 ≔ ―――――――- ⎜―⎟ ⋅ Ph ⋅ ――
fy ⎝ sM ⎠ fy
Almin1 = -223.511 mm 2
0.42 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ Acp ⎛ 0.175 ⋅ b ⎞ fyt
Almin2 ≔ ―――――――- ⎜―――― ⎟ ⋅ Ph ⋅ ――
fy 1 ⎟
⎜ fyt ⋅ ―― fy
⎜⎝ MPa ⎟⎠
2
Almin2 = 471.48 mm

Al ≔ max ⎛⎝Al , Almin1 , Almin2⎞⎠

Al = 471.48 mm 2
Al
NM ≔ ―――――
π
―((12 mm )) 2
4
NM = 4.169
NM ≔ Ceil ⎛⎝NM , 1⎞⎠
NM = 5

At Right Support:
fyt At 2
Al ≔ Ph ⋅ ―― ⋅ ―⋅ cot ((45))
fy sR
Al = 319.206 mm 2

0.42 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ Acp ⎛ At ⎞ fyt
Almin1 ≔ ―――――――- ⎜―⎟ ⋅ Ph ⋅ ――
fy ⎝ sR ⎠ fy
Almin1 = -223.511 mm 2
Almin1 = -223.511 mm 2

0.42 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ Acp ⎛ 0.175 ⋅ b ⎞ fyt
Almin2 ≔ ―――――――- ⎜―――― ⎟ ⋅ Ph ⋅ ――
fy 1 ⎟
⎜ fyt ⋅ ―― fy
⎜⎝ MPa ⎟⎠
2
Almin2 = 471.48 mm

Al ≔ max ⎛⎝Al , Almin1 , Almin2⎞⎠

Al = 471.48 mm 2
Al
NR ≔ ―――――
π
―((12 mm )) 2
4
NR = 4.169

NR ≔ Ceil ⎛⎝NR , 1⎞⎠

NR = 5

Summary
Left Support:
NL_top = 5 Number of Top Bars
NL_bottom = 4 Number of Bottom Bars
SL = 195 mm Spacing due to shear
sL = 140 mm Spacing due to torsion
SST_l = 35 mm Spacing due to combined shear and torsion
NL = 5 Additional number of longitudinal
reinforcement due to torsion

Midspan:
NM_top = 3 Number of Top Bars
NM_bottom = 2 Number of Bottom Bars
SM = 195 mm Spacing due to shear
sM = 140 mm Spacing due to torsion
SST_m = 35 mm Spacing due to combined shear and torsion
NM = 5 Additional number of longitudinal
reinforcement due to torsion

Right Support:
NR_top = 3 Number of Top Bars
NR_bottom = 8 Number of Bottom Bars
SR = 140 mm Spacing due to shear
sR = 140 mm Spacing due to torsion
SST_r = 30 mm Spacing due to combined shear and torsion
NR = 5 Additional number of longitudinal
reinforcement due to torsion