Academic Writing-2

BCA-5th Sem-2022-23

Finite- Non-Finite Verbs

Verbs
Finite Verbs Non-Finite Verbs

Verbs that exhibit tense (present/ past/future). Verbs that lack tense.

Examples: Examples:

He is around. John has a pen. I do study here. He John wants to be a doctor. Jane will come here

did it himself. We come here three times a week. tomorrow. I like playing. This is a broken pencil.

We will think about it. He has been there twice. She has been studying here for two years. This

He keeps writing. They killed each other. They is an unseen passage. I saw him playing. To err

may see you soon. is human. Seeing the lion, he ran away.

Dr. Harish Kumar Khanna, Associate Professor of English

PDM University, Bahadurgarh, Delhi NCR, Haryana 124507
• This study material is supplementary to classroom teaching and meant for the students of PDMU only.
Page 1 of 3
 Non-Finite-Verbs

Infinitive Participle Gerund

V-ing

To-infinitive Bare infinitive Noun

We wish to leave. You may leave. As a subject Smoking is not allowed.
They have to go. They made us go. As an object to verb I hate smoking
He used to be fat. I do know him. As an object to preposition He is used to smoking.

Present

V-ing Past Perfect

Progressive tense Adjective V3 Having - V3

John is sleeping right now. Mary has a dancing doll.
We have been sitting here I saw a crying baby.
for long She is wearing a talking watch.

Perfect Tense/Passive Adjective First complete action

John has done his work. He has a broken chair. Having done my job, I came back home.
He was invited to the party. This is a stolen pen Having stood first, I was given a trophy.
The people killed were thieves. He gave me a torn envelop. Having seen the principal, the boy ran away.

Dr. Harish Kumar Khanna, Associate Professor of English

PDM University, Bahadurgarh, Delhi NCR, Haryana 124507
• This study material is supplementary to classroom teaching and meant for the students of PDMU only.
Page 2 of 3
 Verbs

Main Verbs Auxiliary Verbs

Meaning words.
John knows English very well.
All of us study here.
Be here tomorrow. Helping Verbs – Used to negate, question, and show aspects.

Modal Verbs – used to show modality – request,

certainty, order etc.
Be Do Have

Present Past
Has, have + Verb3 had + Verb3
She has finished it. I had done it by 9pm.
They haven’t come back. We had gone to bed
by the time he was
Present back.
Past
Do, does + Verb Did + Verb
Tim does come here. Will Would
What did you eat here? We will see you tomorrow. Would you please leave?
Do you study English? We didn’t know him before.
Shall Should
Shall we leave? You should study hard.
Can Could
You can do it. Could you come tomorrow?
May Might
May I come in? He might be at home.
Present Past Need not Must
Is, am, are + Verb Was , were + Verb You need not worry You must submit it.
John is taught here English. John was taught here yesterday. Used to Ought to
We are planning to leave. We were sleeping at 9 pm last night Mike used to study here. You ought to respect elders.
I am working right now.
Dare
How dare you do it?

Dr. Harish Kumar Khanna, Associate Professor of English

PDM University, Bahadurgarh, Delhi NCR, Haryana 124507
• This study material is supplementary to classroom teaching and meant for the students of PDMU only.
Page 3 of 3