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LEGAL ENGLISH

The document provides an overview of legal concepts, defining law as a system of rules created and enforced by governing authorities to regulate behavior and maintain order. It discusses various aspects of law, including its purposes, creation, enforcement, and the influence of constitutions and rights. Additionally, it highlights the distinction between public and private law, as well as the role of law in society and its variations across different legal systems.

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1 views

LEGAL ENGLISH

The document provides an overview of legal concepts, defining law as a system of rules created and enforced by governing authorities to regulate behavior and maintain order. It discusses various aspects of law, including its purposes, creation, enforcement, and the influence of constitutions and rights. Additionally, it highlights the distinction between public and private law, as well as the role of law in society and its variations across different legal systems.

Uploaded by

kyliedihoc123
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TIẾNG ANH PHÁP LÝ

Unit 1: What is Law?


Section 1 – Definitions of Law
- “Law is the union of primary rules (rules of conduct) and secondary rules (rules
about rules).” _ H.L.A Hart
- “Law is the sum total of the conditions under which the will of the individual is
subordinated to the will of the community.” _ Rundolf won Jhering
- Its primary purposes include maintaining order, protecting rights and liberties,
resolving disputes, and establishing standards for the community.
- The Code of Hammurabi is one of the earliest known sets of written laws.
Text 1 – Law as a system of rule
- In study of law: Public law and Private law
- In legal practice: Civil law and Criminal law
- In trial operation: Substantive law and Procedural law (Luật nội dung và Luật
hình thức)
1. Definition of Law
- Law is defined as a body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by a controlling
authority, with binding legal force.
- Citizens are expected to obey these laws, or failure to do so results in sanctions or
legal consequences.
2. Nature of Law
- Law is a system of rules created and enforced through social or governmental
institutions to regulate behavior.
- Its definition is debated, being described as both a science and an art of justice.
3. Creation and Enforcement of Laws
- Laws can be made by a legislature, enforced through statutes, executive orders, or
judicial precedents.
- They can also arise from private agreements, like arbitration, to resolve disputes
outside of court.
4. Influence of Constitution and Rights
- The creation and enforcement of laws are influenced by a constitution and the
rights it encodes, whether these are written or tacit.
5. Law and Society
- Law plays a crucial role in shaping politics, economics, history, and society by
acting as a mediator between people.
6. Variation in Legal Systems
- Legal systems vary by country, with differences analyzed in comparative law.
7. Religious Law and Sharia
- Sharia law (Đạo luật – like kinh thánh), based on Islamic principles, serves as the
primary legal system in countries like Iran and Saudi Arabia.
LEGAL TERMS/PHRASES:
1. Legal system: hệ thống PL
2. Legal norm: quy phạm PL
3. Entrench (v): to establish something very firmly so that it is difficult to
change  thường ở thể bị động
E.g. Disrespect for law has been entrenched in some societies in centuries.
4. Law (n – uncountable): PL
5. Law (n – countable): quy tắc, 1 VBPL
6. The State-enforced Law: regulations and rules established by a
government or state authority that are enforced through legal mechanisms.
7. Domain of public/private law: refers to the area of law that deals with the
relationship between individuals and the government or state entities.
8. Binding legal force: when something has binding legal force, it means that
it is legally enforceable
9. To regulate behavior: to shape behavior through regulation
10. A group of legislature (thường không sử dụng như một cơ quan 
nhóm) = a “legislative body” or “legislative assembly”: CQ lập pháp
11. Statutes = formal written laws that have been enacted by a legislative
body, such as a national or state legislature: đạo luật
12. The Executive: CQ hành pháp
13. Decrees & regulations: Sắc lệnh & quy định
14. The Judicial: CQ tư pháp
15. To codify (v): pháp điển hóa
16. To consolidate (v) = strengthen: hợp nhất hóa
17. To encode (v): mã hóa luật
18. Case to be overturned: the original decision is no longer valid, and a new
decision is reached: bị bãi bỏ (kiểu vậy)
19. Scholarly inquiry: Intellectual investigation
20. Public-private law = Public-private legal framework: Luật công-tư (vấn
đề không thể chia hẳn mảng ra được, phải áp dụng hết)
EXERCISES:
Ex 3: Write a sentence using each collocation in context
1. I have already entered into a legally binding contract with Tue Thanh Law
Firm. (quan tâm đến chủ thể)
The agreement was legally binding and enforceable in court.
2. The legislative branch is a key governmental institution that creates laws.
Text 2 – Law as a guardian of social interests
1. Law as social control
- Law is presented ad a mechanism for social control rather than individual control.
2. Scope of law
- The law controls social reltions only as far as social interests are concerned. (? - a
possible presentation topic)
NOTES:
- be entrenched (a): ăn sâu, bám sâu (thành kiến)
- action (n): hành động
- conduct (n): hành vi (with a purpose)
- Governmental Institution (n): CQ Chính phủ
- enforce (v): ban hành
- written >< tacit
- bind (v): cột với nhau
- domain (n): mảng

7/1/2025
1. Involved Party: bên đương sự
2. Send and Receive: Tống đạt và Thụ lý
3. Force majeure (n): Sự kiện bất khả kháng
4. Article = Specific – Provision = General
5. Regulation = Noi quy
6. Impose a sanction = ap dat che tai
7. Costume and practice: phong tuc tap quan

11/3/2025
1. Interpret  Không dùng Explain in LE

22/04/2025
The first stage of legal education
- Civic = civil = van minh
- Norm = stardard
- Compartmentalize = categorize – separate
- In lieu of = instead of
- Viva voce = oral
- Barrister (s) – solicitor (s) = Tranh tung – tu van
- Vocational – profession
- Right of audience = a right of a lawyer to appear and conduct proceedings in
court on behalf of their client = ng dai dien cho quyen va nghia vu hop phap
cua ng uy quyen
- Apprentice = trainee – probationer
- Tenure = term (of office)
- Notary – notarize – notarization: cong chung
 notarization – authentication (chung thuc)
- Office – vp cong chung tu nhan
- Bureau – phong CC NN
- To toy with = consider

Thảo luận
Simultaneously =

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