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Automating Estimation of Battery State of Charge Using 34kz8prk6m

This paper presents a method for estimating the state of charge (SOC) of a battery using the coulomb counting method and experimental data implemented in Matlab. The study simulates SOC as a function of voltage using a lookup table and demonstrates the relationship between SOC and terminal voltage through mathematical modeling. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in automating SOC estimation and battery voltage determination.

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3 views

Automating Estimation of Battery State of Charge Using 34kz8prk6m

This paper presents a method for estimating the state of charge (SOC) of a battery using the coulomb counting method and experimental data implemented in Matlab. The study simulates SOC as a function of voltage using a lookup table and demonstrates the relationship between SOC and terminal voltage through mathematical modeling. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in automating SOC estimation and battery voltage determination.

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elfanidi ELFANIDI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JOURNAL LA MULTIAPP

VOL. 01, ISSUE 04 (028-032), 2020


DOI: 10.37899/journallamultiapp.v1i4.249

Automating Estimation of Battery State of Charge Using Experimental


Data in MatLab
Pradeep Vibhuti1
1
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SDMCET, Dharwad,
Karnataka, India

*Corresponding Author: Pradeep Vibhuti


Email: [email protected]
Article Info Abstract
Article history: This paper explains how to estimate the state of charge (SOC) of a
Received 01 December 2020 battery using implementation of characteristics governing equations
Received in revised form 13 and and lookup table. Look up table containing experimental data like
December 2020 charging resistance, discharging resistance and battery voltage in a
Accepted 25 December 2020 excel sheet. Estimation of state of charge as a function of voltage is
simulated with the help of experimental data in the form of lookup table
Keywords: in Matlab simulink and mscript. A 4V battery was charged and
Estimation discharged at a 2.3 ampere for an hour. Matlab simulunk model with
State of Charge m.scipt is developed to determine terminal voltage and state of charge
Battery is obtained at any given time.
MatLab Simulink

Introduction
Many SOC Estimating Mathematical Methods Ab Halim, (2020) are available like Open
Circuit Voltage Method, Terminal Voltage Method, Impedance Method which come under
direct method.
We have Book-Keeping Estimation like Coulomb Counting Method, Modified Coulomb
Counting Method. We also have Adaptive Systems like BP Neural Network, RBF Neural
Network, Fuzzy Logic Method, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Fuzzy Neural Network,
Kalman Filter, and also we have many hybrid like Coulomb Counting Ab Halim, (2020l) and
EMF Combination, Coulomb Counting and Kalman Filter Combination etc., which are more
accurate, sophisticated and adaptive algorithms.
Methodology
The method used in this paper is the coulomb counting method (Book Keeping) is used. The
current integration is performed and is compared to the nominal battery capacity thus SOC can
be calculated
1 𝑡
𝑧(𝑡) = 𝑧(0) − ∫ 𝜂 𝑖(𝜏)𝑑𝜏
𝐶𝑛 0 𝑖
𝐶𝑛 is the battery nominal capacity
𝑧(𝑡) is the cell state of charge
𝑖(𝜏) is the instantaneous cell current
Sign convention: (+) for discharge, (−) for charge
𝑡 is the time.
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ISSN: 2716-3865 (Print), 2721-1290 (Online)
Copyright © 2019, Journal La Multiapp, Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0
𝜂𝑖 : Coulomb efficiency

Figure 1. Integration of the function 𝑓(𝑥) represents the area under the curve
Courtesy http://www.mathcs.emory.edu
The coulomb counting is used here since implementing mathematical modelling is Simulink is
simpler as the equation governing the SOC itself is simple (Dawed, 2017). This Coulomb
counting is the method which measures the battery discharging current and over time integrates
the discharging current in order to estimate SOC. Coulomb counting method is done to estimate
the SOCK, which is estimated from the discharging current IK, and previously estimated SOC
values SOCK-1. SOC is calculated using.

Figure 2. Electric Circuit of battery


1 𝑡
SOC = 𝑆𝑂𝐶0 ± ∫ 𝐼(𝑡) dt…….......(1)
𝐶𝑛 0

𝑉𝑡 = 𝑂𝐶𝑉(𝑆𝑂𝐶𝑘 ) ± I ∗ 𝑅(𝑇, 𝑆𝑂𝐶)…(2)


Results and Discussion
The above equation (1) represents the state of charge which is quite obvious that the sum of
present charge and accumulation of charge over time t, sum for charging and subtraction for
discharging. Equation 2 represents the terminal voltage which is the sum of open circuit
voltage(OCV) Li & Yang, (2011) with the drop due to charging and discharging resistance. It
is quite evident that open circuit voltage is a function of state of charge. The relationship
between SOC and OCV is shown in Figure. 3, as the battery charges over time its SOC
increases and whents its fully charges it reaches to 100% SOC . Figure 3 shows an important
relationship because it can be used to infer the SOC from the OCV. This technique is called
voltage based SOC Estimation.

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ISSN: 2716-3865 (Print), 2721-1290 (Online)
Copyright © 2019, Journal La Multiapp, Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0
Figure 4. Charge and Discharge profile of a battery
△𝑡
𝑆𝑂𝐶𝑘+1 = 𝑆𝑂𝐶𝑘 − 𝑖 …………(3)
𝐶𝑛 𝑘

𝑉𝑘 = 𝑂𝐶𝑉(𝑆𝑂𝐶𝑘 ) − 𝑖𝑘 ∗ 𝑅…………(4)
The experimental measured open circuit voltage, charging resistance & discharge resistance
are tabulated in Microsoft excel sheet and read through mscript which is shown in figure 5.
The 1-Dimentional lookup table Menyhárt & Szabolcsi, (2019) is used to corelate the simulated
SOC and OCV to obtain terminal voltage as shown in figure 7.

Figure 5. Battery parameters Input to the mscript such as OCV, Charge_resistance &
Dis_resistance
The battery parameters observed in experiment is tabulated in a table and made available to
matlab m.script in the form of excel sheet (Wang, 2014). The OCV, charge_resistance &
discharge resistance refers to first column, second column and third column respectively.
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ISSN: 2716-3865 (Print), 2721-1290 (Online)
Copyright © 2019, Journal La Multiapp, Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0
Figure 6. State of Charge v/s Time (3600 Sec)
State of charge of battery over time of one hour is shown in figureure 6. The plot is obtained at
the scope SOC shown in figure 8 which is the realization of equation 1.
Equation 2 is realized to obtain terminal voltage Kumar & Majhi, (2014) of the battery which
is the summation of open circuit voltage with the drop due to internal resistance. The expected
results shown in figure 4 is obtained in figure 7.

Figure 7. Terminal Voltage of 4V battery charged over 1hour (3600 Sec).

Figure 8. Simulink model representing equation 1 and equation 2.


Simulink Model shown in figure 8 is built upon equation 1 and equation 2. The 1-D lookup
blocks in Simulink library reads the data Dell & Rand, (2001) from the excel sheets table to
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ISSN: 2716-3865 (Print), 2721-1290 (Online)
Copyright © 2019, Journal La Multiapp, Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0
match the present SOC. The current value, value of Cn and simulation times are defined as per
the rating of the battery and its charging and discharging durations (Ehsani et al., 2018).
Figureure 9 shows the commands used to simulate the Simulink model.

Figure 9. m.script of Simulink file of figure 8


Conclusion
The state of charge estimation and battery voltage is realized using the equation 1 & 2. These
equations are mathematically modelled to obtain the desired nature of graphs shown in figure
4. Both MatLab programming and Simulink is used to implement the automated estimation
process.
References
Ab Halim, M. M., Annuar, K. A. M., Harun, M. H., Anuar, N. F., Abid, M. A. A. M., &
Zainuddin, M. A. (2020l). Evaluation of Charging Profile of Lead Acid Battery used
in Electrical
Dawed, H. A. (2017). Lithium Ion Battery Cell Modelling.
Dell, R., & Rand, D. A. J. (2001). Understanding batteries. Royal society of chemistry.
Ehsani, M., Gao, Y., Longo, S., & Ebrahimi, K. (2018). Modern electric, hybrid electric, and
fuel cell vehicles. CRC press.
Kumar, P., & Majhi, S. (2014). Introduction to Hybrid and Electric Vehicles.
Li, X., & Yang, Y. (2011). Research on the calculation method and dynamic modeling of
traction-battery SOC for electric vehicle. In 2011 Second International Conference on
Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (pp. 6778-6782). IEEE.
Menyhárt, J., & Szabolcsi, R. (2019). Battery Measurement Methods and Artificial Intelligence
Applied in Energy Management Systems. International Journal of Engineering and
Management Sciences, 4(1), 428-436.
Scooter. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1529, No. 3, p. 032096). IOP
Publishing.
Wang, L. (2014). Development of a Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulator for Battery Management
Systems (Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University).

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ISSN: 2716-3865 (Print), 2721-1290 (Online)
Copyright © 2019, Journal La Multiapp, Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0

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