Q1.

This question is about making copper salts.

The figure below shows the apparatus given to a student.

Outline a safe plan the student could use to make pure, dry, crystals of the soluble salt
copper sulfate from the insoluble metal oxide and dilute acid.

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(Total 6 marks)

Q2.

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 Here is a word equation for a chemical reaction.

copper oxide + sulphuric acid copper sulphate + water

Write down everything that the word equation tells you about the reaction.

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(Total 4 marks)

Q3.
Ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride are both salts. They can be made by
neutralisation reactions.

Choose substances from the box to complete the word equations for the formation
of these two salts.

ammonia hydrochloric acid nitric acid

potassium nitrate water potassium hydroxide

ammonia + ____________________ → ammonium nitrate + water

_________________ + hydrochloric acid → potassium chloride + _____________

(Total 3 marks)

Q4.
(a) The diagram shows one way of making crystals of copper sulphate.

(i) Why was the solution filtered?

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) How could you make the crystals form faster from the copper sulphate

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 solution?

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(iii) The chemical equation is shown for this reaction.

CuO(s) + H2SO4(aq) → CuSO4(aq) + H2O(l)

In the chemical equation what does (aq) mean?

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Blue copper sulphate crystals go white when warmed. How could you use the white
copper sulphate as a test for water?

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(2)
(Total 5 marks)

Q5.
Salts can be prepared by the reaction of acids with alkalis.

(a) (i) The reactions of acids with alkalis can be represented by the equation below.
Choose a substance from the box to complete the equation.

carbon dioxide hydrogen oxygen water

acid + alkali → salt + _____________________________

(1)

(ii) Draw a ring around the word which best describes the reaction.

displacement neutralisation oxidation reduction

(1)

(b) Sodium sulphate is an important salt.

The table gives a list of some substances.

Put a tick ( ) next to the names of the acid and the alkali that would react to make
sodium sulphate.

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 Substances ( )

Hydrochloric acid

Nitric acid

Potassium sulphate

Sodium hydroxide

Sodium nitrate

Sulphuric acid
(2)
(Total 4 marks)

Q6.
A solution of Y was slowly added to a solution of X. The graph shows how the pH of the
resulting solution changed.

(a) (i) What was the pH of solution X before any of solution Y was added?

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) State whether solution Y was acidic, alkaline or neutral.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(iii) What volume of solution Y was needed to react with all of the substance in
solution X?

__________________________________________________________ cm3
(1)

(b) The chemical equation shows the reaction between an acid and an alkali to form a
salt and water.

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(i) Draw a circle round the formula of the alkali.

H2SO4 + 2KOH → K2SO4 + 2H2O

(1)

(ii) What is the formula of the salt?

______________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 5 marks)

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Mark schemes

Q1.
Level 3 (5–6 marks):
A coherent method is described with relevant detail, which demonstrates a broad
understanding of the relevant scientific techniques, procedures and safety precautions.
The steps in the method are logically ordered with the dependent and control variables
correctly identified. The method would lead to the production of valid results.

Level 2 (3–4 marks):

The bulk of a method is described with mostly relevant detail, which demonstrates a
reasonable understanding of the relevant scientific techniques, procedures and safety
precautions. The method may not be in a completely logical sequence and may be
missing some detail.

Level 1 (1–2 marks):

Simple statements are made which demonstrate some understanding of some of the
relevant scientific techniques, procedures and safety precautions. The response may lack
a logical structure and would not lead to the production of valid results.

0 marks:
No relevant content

Indicative content

Named chemicals
• copper oxide
• sulfuric acid
• copper sulfate

Correct use of apparatus

• stirring rod
• spatula
• beaker
• filter funnel and filter paper
• evaporating basin
• Bunsen burner
• tripod and gauze
• bench mat
• conical flask

Method
• add (excess) copper oxide to sulfuric acid
• heat the mixture
• filter the mixture
• method to evaporate some of the water from the filtrate e.g. using a water bath
or evaporating to half volume
• leave solution (to cool and) to form crystals
• remove and dry crystals

Safety
• wearing of safety glasses / goggles
• care with use of sulfuric acid as corrosive
• warming not boiling mixture of copper oxide and sulfuric acid
• hold beaker containing warm mixture with tongs whilst filtering

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 [6]

Q2.
• correct use of react/reaction/reactants NOT mixed added to join/combine/displace
NOT equals

• correct use of produce/products/gives/forms/makes/creates

• reactants correctly identified

• products correctly identified

(copper oxide reacts with sulphuric acid to produce copper sulphate

and water, will be awarded all 4 marks)
for 1 mark each

Reactants must be correctly identified for ‘react’ mark to be given. Similarly for products
[4]

Q3.
nitric acid
1

potassium hydroxide
1

water
1
[3]

Q4.
(a) (i) to remove or separate copper oxide
accept to remove or separate
unreacted or excess base
accept to remove or separate insoluble solids
1

(ii) heat (the solution)

accept heat the water
accept evaporate the water
rapid cooling/cool to lower temperature
accept boil the water or solution
not increase surface area, put in
draught
not increase the temperature
1

(iii) aqueous
accept in water
accept solution
not soluble in water
1

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 (b) add water/liquid/solution
1

colour changes to blue

1
[5]

Q5.
(a) (i) water
accept H2O
accept correct ringed answer in box
1

(ii) neutralisation
accept underlining or any indication, e.g. tick
1

(b) sodium hydroxide

1

sulphuric acid
apply list principletotal
1
[4]

Q6.
(a) (i) allow a number between 2.5 and 3
(inclusive)
accept just under 3 or about 3
1

(ii) alkaline or alkali

1

(iii) 25
ignore any reference to units
1

(b) (i) a circle round KOH or 2 KOH

1

(ii) K2SO4
do not credit potassium sulphate
1
[5]

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