Cs302quiz1fi

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-
quiz-no02-
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on-
fal
l2021.
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 I
nput
s Out
put

A B F

0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 1
t
hisf
unct
iontabl
erepresent
s__
___
___
_Gat
e.
Orgate

TheABELsy
mbol
for“
OR”oper
ati
oni
s

Astandar
dSOPfor
m has_
_ _
____
___termsthathav
eal
lthe
var
iabl
esint
hedomai
noftheexpressi
on.
Sum

whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
snotav
ali
drul
eofBool
eanal
gebr
a?

A=Ā

Howmanydat
asel
ectl
i
nesar
erequi
redf
orsel
ect
ingei
ghti
nput
s?

3(
cor
rect
)

I
ftwoadjacent1saredet
ectedi
nthei
nput
,theout
puti
ssett
ohi
gh.i
nputcombinat
ionswil
lbe

0011(
ans)

The4-var
iabl
eKar
naughMap(
K-Map)has_
___
__r
owsand
_
___col
ums

4,
4,(
ans)

Thebool
eanexpr
essi
onA+B'
+Ci
s

asum t
erm(
ans)

t
hebool
eanexpr
essi
onAB'
CD'
i
s

apr
oductt
erm(
ans)

Don’
tcar
econdit
ionsar
emarkedas_
___
___
___
_int
heout
put
col
umnofthefuncti
ont
abl
e

X(
ans)

AnexampleofSOPexpr
essi
oni
s
bot
h(a)and(b)
(ans)
ForaSt andardSOPexpressi
on,a__
____ispl
acedinthecel
l
corr
espondingtotheproductter
m(Minterm)pr
esentinthe
expression.

1(
ans)

ASOPexpr essionhavi
ngadomai nof3v ar
iabl
eswill
haveatr
uth
tablehav i
ng____combinat
ionsofinput
sandcor r
espondi
ng
outputv al
ues.
Selectcorrectopti
on:
2( Correct)

Mul
tipl
exer
sareal
soknownas_
___
___
___
_.
Dat
aSelect
ors

TheORGateperf
ormsaBool
ean_
___
___f
unct
ion
Addi
ti
on(
Correct
)

Sum t
erm(Maxt
erm)i
simpl
ement
edusi
ng_
___
___
_gat
es
OR(Corr
ect
)

Thenumber“1259”maybel
ongto___
____numbersy
stem.
Bi
naryorHexadeci
malsy
stem (
Cor
rect)

I
ftwonumbersinBCDr epresent
ati
ongenerateaninval
i
dBCD
numberthent
hebinar
y_ __
_ _
___isaddedt
ot heresul
t
1111(Corr
ect
)

“1101”i
nsi
gnedr
epr
esent
ati
oni
sequi
val
entt
o__
___
__
13(Corr
ect
)

TTLbaseddevi
ceswor
kwi
thadcsuppl
yof_
___Vol
ts
+5(Corr
ect)
I
ndeci
malvalue“
275”t
hewei
ghtoft
hedi
git“
7”i
s__
___
___
___
100(
NotSure)

Thedeci
mal“10”wi
l
lhav
eanoct
alequi
val
ent_
___
___
_
9(NotSur
e)

Cav
emannumbersy
stem i
sBase_
___
__numbersy
stem
5(
Cor
rect
)

Howmanybit
smusteachwordhavei
none-
to-
fourl
i
nede-
mul
ti
plex
ert
obei
mplementedusi
ngamemor y
?

1bi
ts

Thetotal
amountofmemor yi
sdependsupon____
___
__
Thesizeoft
headdressbusofthemicr
opr
ocessor

_
___
___
___
___canbedet
ermi
nedt
heI
nst
abi
l
itycondi
ti
on.

l
ogi
cdi
agr
am

Ifweaddaninv
ert
eratt
heout
putofANDgat
e,whatf
unct
ioni
s
produced?

NAND

Whi
chi
sal
soknownascoi
nci
dencedet
ect
or?

ANDgat
e

Transit
iont
abl
eincl
ude_
___
___
___
___
___
squares

Foreverypossi
blecombi
nat
ionoflogi
cal
statesi
nt heinput
s,
whichtabl
eshowst hel
ogi
calst
ateofadigi
talci
rcuitout
put?
Trutht
able

St
acki
sanacr
ony
mfor_
___
___
___
___
__
LI
FOmemor
y

WhenanAsy nchr
onoussequent
ial
cir
cui
tchangest
woormore
bi
naryst
atesvari
abl
esaConditi
onoccur
scall
ed___
___
___
___
Racecondi
ti
on

posi
ti
veORgat
eisal
soanegat
ive
ANDgat
e
Ti
medel
aydev
icei
smemor
yel
ementof
___
___
___
___
__
asy
nchr
onousci
rcui
ts
Bool
eanal
gebr
aisal
socal
l
ed
a)ar
it
hmet
ical
gebr
a
b)swi
tchi
ngal
gebr
a
c) Bot
hA&B
Bool
eanfunct
ionmustbebr
oughti
nto_
___
___
_Toper
for
m
pr
oductofmaxterms
ORt
erms
Thebinarynumber10101isequi
val
entt
othe
deci
mal number_
_____
____
__.
21

Thedomai
nofexpr
essi
onABCD+AB+CD+Bi
s—

Bonl
y

TheBool
eanexpr
essi
onABCDi
s—

Sum t
erm
Theuni
ver
sal
gat
eis_________________.

NANDgat
e

Accor
dingt
obooleanal
gebr
aabsor
pti
onl
aw,
whi
choft
he
f
oll
owi
ngiscor
rect?

xy
+y=x

ABool
eanfuncti
onmaybet
ransf
ormedi
nto
l
ogi
caldi
agram
Thei
nver
teri
s__
___
___
___
__
NOTgate
Theresul
ti
ngci
rcui
tofaNANDgat
ear
econnect
edt
oget
her
i
s___
_ _
__
NOTgat
e

x*
y=y
*xi
sthe
i
dent
it
yel
ement

Mi
nter
msar
eal
socal
l
ed
st
andar
dpr
oduct

ORgat
eand_
___
___
___wi
l
lfor
m TheNORgat
e?
NOTgate

TheNANDgat
eisANDgat
efol
l
owedby…………………
NOTgat
e

Maxt
ermsar
eal
socal
l
ed___________.
st
andar
dsum

InBool
eanal
gebr
aMul
ti
pli
cat
ivei
nver
sei
s
a

Byt
her
epeat
eduseof_
___
___
___
Digi
tal
cir
cui
tcanbemade
NANDgat
es

Theonl
yfunct
ionofNOTgat
eis_
___
___
___
__oft
hef
oll
owi
ng.
I
nver
tinputsi
gnal

Bool
eanal
gebr
aisdef
inedasasetof
___
___
_.
twoval
ues

Fi
rstoper
atorpr
ecedencef
orev
aluat
ingBool
eanexpr
essi
onsi
s
Par
ent
hesi
s
Theout
puti
s__
___
___
__Whenani
nputsi
gnal
1isappl
i
edt
oa
NOTgate
0
Thebarsi
gn(-
)indi
cat
es_
___
___
___
___I
nBool
eanal
gebr
a?
NOToperat
ion

Theval
ueofni
s_ __
____
___
__whent
her
esol
uti
onofannbi
tDAC
wi
thamaximum i
nputof5Vis5mV.
10
2’
scompl
ementofbi
nar
ynumber0101i
s__
___
___
___
_
1011
AnORgat
ehas4input
s.Theoutputi
s…….WhenOnei
nputi
s
hi
ghandt
heot
herthr
eearelow.
Hi
gh
Toconv
ertBCDt
osev
ensegment
s__
___
___
___
dev
icei
sused.
Decoder
Deci
mal
number10i
sequal
tobi
nar
ynumber_
___
___
_.
1010

In2’scomplementrepr
esent
ati
onthenumber11100101
r
epresent
sthedecimalnumber___
____
__.
-
27

BCDi nput1000isfedtoa7segmentdispl
ayt
hroughaBCDt
o7
segmentdecoder/dri
ver
.Thesegment
swhichwil
lli
tup
are_
______
_____
_.
All

Adecadecounterski
ps__
___
___
___
.
bi
nar
ystates1010to1111

___
_____
___
__NumberofSt
atesAr
ingcount
erwi
th5f
li
pfl
opswi
l
l
have?
5

Posit
iveedge-
tri
ggeredfl
i
p- f
lopchangesi
tsst
atewhen
___
________
___
__
Low-to-
hightr
ansit
ionofclock

I
fS=1andR=1,
fornegat
iveedget
ri
gger
edf
li
p-f
lopt
henQ(
t+1)=
_
____
____
I
nval
id
Adj
acent1sdet
ect
orci
rcui
twi
l
lhav
eact
ivel
owout
putf
ort
he
i
nput

1101

A5-vari
abl
ekarnaughmaphas
Thi
rtytwocel
ls
8-
bitparal
l
eldatacanbeconv
ert
edi
ntoser
ial
dat
abyusi
ng
___
_____mult
ipl
exer

8-
to-
1ok

I
nasynchronousdi
git
alsy
stemsal
ltheci
rcui
tschanget
hei
rst
ate
wit
hrespecttoacommonclock
Fal
se

Di
vide-by
-32count
ercanbeachei
vedbyusi
ng
Fl
i
p-FlopandDIV16

TheSynchr
onouscount
ersar
eal
soknownasRi
ppl
eCount
ers:
Fal
seok

Afl
ip-
fl
opisconnectedto+5v ol
tsanditdr
aws5mAofcurrent
dur
ingit
soperat
ion,
t hepowerdi
ssipat
ionoft
hef
li
p-f
lopi
s
25mW

The3-t
o-8Decoderhasacti
ve-l
owoutput
sandthr
eeextra____
gat
esconnectedatthet
hreeinput
storeducet
hefouruni
tloadto
asingl
euni
tload.
Not

Whichoft
henumberi
snotar
epr
esent
ati
veofhexadeci
mal
sy
stem?

“
1001”cor
rect

Highlev
elNoiseMar
gins(
VNH)ofCMOS5v
oltser
iesci
rcui
tsi
s
__
_ _
_____
___
_

0.
9Vcor
rect

Togettheanswer“
1”i
nBool
eanaddi
ti
onoft
hreev
ari
abl
es,
__
____
__

Oneoft
hev
ari
abl
esmustbe1cor
rect

The3-var
iabl
eKar
naughMap(
K-Map)has_
___
___cel
l
sformi
nor
maxterms
8corr
ect

___
____
_isinval
idnumberofcel
l
sinasi
ngl
egr
oupf
ormedbyt
he
adj
acentcel
lsinK-map

2cor
rect

Consi
derA=1,
B=0,
C=1.A,
BandCrepr
esentt
hei
nputoft
hreebi
t
NANDgatetheout
putoft
heNANDgatewil
lbe_
___
_
Zer
o

TheBinar
ynumber1011.101hasanIntegerpar
trepr
esent
edby
___
__andafracti
onpar
t____separ
atedbyadecimalpoint
.
1011,
101correct

1011+101=_
___
__
10000cor
rect

Addi
ngtwooct
alnumber
s“36”and“
71”r
esul
tin_
___
___
_
127cor
rect

Thef
ir
stLeastMostdi
giti
ndeci
malnumbersy
stem has
Hasposi
ti
on0andweightequal
to1notsur
e

Sum t
erm( Maxt
erm)i
simpl
ement
edusi
ng_
___
___
_gat
es
ORcorrect

TheORGateper
for
msaBool
ean_
___
___f
unct
ion
Addi
ti
oncor
rect

Addi
ngtwooct
alnumber
s“36”and“
71”r
esul
tin_
___
___
_
127cor
rect

I
fwemul tiply“
723”and“ 34”byrepresent
ingthem infl
oati
ng
pointnotationi.
e.byfir
st,conver
ti
ngt hem i
nfloati
ngpoint
representati
onandt henmul t
ipl
yi
ngt hem,thevalueofmantissa
ofresultwillbe____
_ _
__
24582notsur e

NORGatecanbeusedt
oper
for
mtheoper
ati
onofAND,
ORand
NOTGate
TRUEcor
rect

Thet
hreefundamentalgat
esar
e__
___
___
___
NOT,OR,ANDcorrect

ASOPexpr essi
onhav
ingadomai nof3v ar
iabl
eswill
haveatr
uth
tabl
ehaving___
_combinat
ionsofinput
sandcor r
espondi
ng
outputv
alues.
8cor
rect

The4-vari
ableK-
Maphas_
___
___
_rowsand_
___
___
___
_col
umns
ofcel
ls.
4,4correct

NANDgateisf
orm byconnect
ing___
___
___
ANDGateandthenNOTGat ecorr
ect

Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngi
stheoct
alequi
val
entof28deci
mal
number?

34

Themaximum deci
mal numberthatcanberepr
esent
edusi
ngt
he
64-
bitunsi
gnedr
epresentat
ioni
s_ _
____
___
_____
__.

(
2^64)
-1

I
na4-
var
iabl
eK-
map,
a2-
var
iabl
epr
oductt
ermi
spr
oducedby

a4-
cel
lgr
oupof1s

ForaStandar
dSOPexpressi
on,a___
_isplacedinthecell
corr
espondi
ngtot
heproductter
m pr
esentintheexpressi
on.

The_
_____
_inputsel
ect
/desel
ect
sbot
hthedecoder
s
si
mult
aneousl
y.

Enabl
e

NANDand_
___
___
__gat
esar
eknownasUni
ver
sal
Gat
es.

NOR

Thedecl
arat
ionsect
ionofABELgener
all
yincl
udest
hedev
ice
decl
arat
ion,
___
___
__decl
arat
ionsandsetdecl
arat
ions.

Pi
n

AnSOPexpressi
onhavi
ngadomainof2v ari
abl
eswill
hav
ea
tr
uthtabl
ehavi
ng___
____
combinat
ionsofi
nputsand
corr
espondi
ngout
putval
ues.

I
nthe32-bi
tSinglePr
eci
sionFl
oati
ngformati
on,theexponent
v
alue__
______
_ _
__isr
eservedt
orepresent0exponent
s.

CMOStechnol
ogyischar
act
eri
zedbyl
owpowerdi
ssi
pat
ionwi
th
__
___swi
tchi
ngspeeds.

Sl
ow

Thecompl
ementofav
ari
abl
eisal
way
s

Thei
nver
seoft
hev
ari
abl
e

A(
B+C)=A.
B+A.
Cist
heexpr
essi
onof_
___
___
___
___
___
___
.

Di
str
ibut
iveLaw

I
fthenumber2025isr
epr
esent
edi
nfl
oat
ingpoi
nt,
thenexponent
i
s_____
___
____
____
_.

Ex
cess-
8codeof-
6is_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_.

0010

A3-
var
iabl
eKar
naughmaphas
Ei
ghtcel
l
s

Tor epresenti
ndigi
talval
ue,thenumberofdi
git(
0sand1s)that
representsaquanti
tyis____
__ _
___
___
____
_totherangeofv
alues
thataret oberepr
esented.

Pr
opor
ti
onal

Supposewewantt otr
ansmitthedata“10001101”andan“Even-
Pari
ty”bi
tschemeisusedtodetecterr
ors,t
heparit
ybitaddedto
thedatawil
lbe__
____
____
_____
_ _
_.

Bot
h“0”and“
1”canbeused

Thecar
rypr
opagat
iondelaypr
obl
em i
npar
all
elbi
nar
yaddercan
besol
vedby__
____
_ _
___
.

Usi
ngt
wof
ull
adder
s

Two2-i
nput
,4-
bitmul
it
plexer
s74X157canbeconnect
edt
o
i
mplementa__
_____mult
ipl
exer
.

2-
input
,8-
bit

Theoctal
equiv
alentoft
hef
oll
owi
ngbi
nar
ynumberi
s
___
___
______
___
______
_.

117

A’
iswr
it
teni
sABELas_
___
___
___
___
___
__.

!
A

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sthehexadeci
mal
equi
val
entof28?

1C

Hi
ghLev
elNoi
seMar
gins(
VNH)ofCMOS5v
oltser
iesci
rcui
tsi
s
_
___
___
___
___
.

0.
9V

Adj
acent1sdet
ect
orci
rcui
twi
l
lhav
eact
ivehi
ghout
putf
ort
he
i
nput.

0011

Moderninf
ormat
iont
echni
quesar
erel
yi
ngmor
eon_
___
_
t
ransmissi
on.

Di
git
al

The_
___
_selecti
nput(
s)oft
het wo4-i
nputmul
ti
plexer
sar
e
commoninDual4-
inputmul
ti
plexer
.

Two

Howmanydat
asel
ectl
i
nesar
erequi
redf
orsel
ect
ingei
ghti
nput
s?

Selectt
hemodeofpr
ogr
ammi
ngi
nwhi
chGAL16V8cam be
programmed.

Al
loft
hegi
venopt
ion

_
____
____
___
___
___hast
hef
ast
estswi
tchi
ngspeedandl
owpower
r
equi
rement
.

Adv
ancedl
owpowerSchot
tky

ThePLAcanbepr
ogr
ammedt
ogi
veanout
putofconst
ant_
___
__
or__
___
_.

0.
1
Theminimum t
imef
orwhichtheinputsi
gnal
hastobe
maint
ainedatt
hei
nputoffl
i
p-fl
opiscall
ed___oft
hef
li
p-f
lop.
Hol
dti
me
ADi
vi
de-
by-
20count
ercanbeachi
evedbyusi
ng
Fl
i
p-Fl
opandDI
V10
Eachst
ageofMast
er-
slav
efl
i
p-f
lopwor
ksat_
__oft
hecl
ock
si
gnal
.
Onehal
f
I
nMaster
-Sl
avef
li
p-f
lopt
hecl
ocksi
gnal
isconnect
edt
osl
avef
li
p-
f
li
pusi
ng___
NOT
A4-bitbi
naryUP/DOWNcount
eri
sint
hebi
nar
yst
atezer
o.The
nextstat
eintheDOWNmodeis___
1111
___i
ssai
dtooccurwhenmult
ipl
eint
ernal
var
iabl
eschangeduet
o
changei
nonei
nputvari
abl
e
Racecondi
ti
on
TheSy
nchr
onouscount
ersar
eal
soknownasRi
ppl
eCount
ers:
Fal
se
Themini
mum ti
merequi
redf
orthei
nputl
ogi
clev
elst
oremai
n
st
abl
ebefor
ethecl
ocktr
ansi
ti
onoccur
sisknownasthe_
__
Set
-upt
ime
Thenf
li
p-f
lopsst
ore_
__st
ates.
2^
n
Whenthe___Hzsampli
ngi
nter
vali
ssel
ected,
thesi
gnal
att
he
out
putoft
heJ-Kfl
ip-
fl
ophasatimeper
iodof___
1,
2
Aposi
ti
veedge-
tr
iggedf
li
p-f
lopchangesi
tsst
atewhen_
__
Low-
to-
hight
ransi
ti
onofcl
ock
Adecadecount
eri
s__
_
Mod-
10count
er

Thelook-
aheadcarryci
rcui
ts_
___
___
__
Reducepropagat
iondel
ay

I
ftwonumber
sinBCDrepr
esent
ati
ongener
ateaninval
i
d
BCDnumbert
henthebi
nar
y__isaddedt
otheresul
t

0110

Botht
hemulti
plexer
sar
eselect
edsimultaneousl
ywhen
__
____
__i
ssettologi
c__
___
_i n2-
input
s,8-bi
tMulti
plexer
.

G,
Low

Funct
ionl
abelsrequir
edtorepr
esenttheinput
/output
combinat
ionsforeachsegmentin7-segmentdispl
ay
7

Mul
ti
plexer
sar
eal
soknownas_
___
___
___

Dat
asel
ect
ors

ThePLAcanbepr
ogr
ammedt
ogi
veandout
putofconst
ant
___
___
or___
___
_
0,1

Ci
nispar
tof_
___
___
_Adder
.

Ful
l

Thel
ook-
aheadcar
ryci
rcui
ts_
___
___
___

Reducepr
opagat
iondel
ay

Whichofthefoll
owi
nggat
eshast
heout
put
s1i
fandonl
yifat
l
astoneinputis1?

OR

Asopexpr
essi
oncanbei
mpl
ement
edbyon_
__combi
nat
ionof
gat
es.

AND-
OR

Thecar
ry,
insteadofri
ppli
ngthr
oughthe4-
bit
softhei
ndi
vi
dual
ALUcir
cui
t,hastopropagatet
hrough__
_ALUunit
sin16-
bit
ALU.

Four

Di
git
alci
rcui
tsoper
ateswi
th_
___
__v
olt
agev
alue(
s)
2

I
ncascadingPri
ori
tyEncoder
s,t
heEOoutputi
sconnect
edt
othe
EIoft
heencoderwhichhandl
es___
___
___
_
Lowerpr
iori
tyout
puts

Todet
erminethesev
enexpressi
onsforeachoft
heseven
out
put
sin7-segmentdi
spl
ay,seven_
_ _
__vari
abl
eKarnaugh
mapsareused.
4

Theout
putofaNANDGat
eis_
___whenal
lthei
nput
sar
eone.

Zer
o

The_
___
___i
sthesl
owestandconsumesmor
epower
.

St
andar
dTTL

Thebet
weenexpr
essi
onX-
AB+CDr
epr
esent
s
TwoANDsORedtoget
her

Theexpr
essi
onF-
A+B+Cdescr
ibest
heoper
ati
onoft
hree
bi
ts_
__Gate.

OR

Whichoneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sNOTav
ali
drul
eofBool
ean
Al
gebra?

A=A’
A5-
Var
iabl
eKar
naughmaphas

Thi
rt
ytwocel
l
s

___
_isinval
i
dnumberofcel
l
sinasi
ngl
egr
oupf
ormedbyt
he
adj
acentcel
lsK-
map

12

I
n32-bi
tSi
ngle–Precisi
onfl
oat
ingpoi
ntfor
matrepr
esent
ati
on
t
herangeofexponentval
ueisf
rom __
___
to___
___

+127t
o-126

_
___hast
hefast
estswi
tchi
ngspeedandl
owpower
r
equi
rement
s

Adv
ancedl
owpowerschot
tky

Whichoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sav
olat
il
ememor
y?
DRAM

____
___
_isusedwhentheoutputi
sconnectedbacktot
hei
nputof
thePALoriftheout
putpi
nisusedasaninputonly
.
Combinat
ionalI
nput
TheANDGat
eper
for
msal
ogi
cal
___
___
__f
unct
ion.
Div
isi
on

TheAdjacent1sDetectoraccepts4-
biti
nput
s.I
f___
___
__
adj
acent1saredetectedintheinput
,theout
puti
ssett
ohigh.

I
nthekeyboar
dencoder
,howmanyt
imesperseconddoest
he
r
ingcount
erscant
hekeyboar
d?

650scans/
second

TheFASTModel PageAccessall
ows_ _
___
___memoryreadand
accessti
meswhenr eadi
ngsuccessi
vedat
av al
uesst
oredi
n
consecut
ivel
ocat
ionsonthesamer ow.

Fast
er

GALcanber epr
ogr
ammedasinst
eadoffusesE2CMOSl
ogi
cis
usedwhichcanbeprogr
ammedtoconnecta__
____
__wi
tha
____
___
_.

r
ow,
col
umn

Whi
chofthef
ollowi
ngOut
putEquat
ionsdet
ermi
nest
heout
putof
t
heStat
eMachine?
MAX=Q0Q1EN

Themaxi
mum v
alue,
repr
esent
edbyasi
ngl
ehexadeci
mal
digi
tis
___
___
__.

"
F"

I
fthev ol
tagedr
opacrosst
heact
ivel
oadis0vol
tsduet
o
absenceofcurr
entt
hecomparat
oroutputi
sa__
____
__.
1
TheStat
icRam (
SRAM)isnon-vol
ati
l
eandisnota__
___
___
densi
tymemoryasalat
chisrequi
redtost
oreasi
ngl
ebitof
i
nformat
ion.
High

Demorgan'stwotheoremsprovet
heequi
val
encyoftheNAND
and__
__ _
_ _
_gatesandt heNORand__
___
___gatesr
espect
ivel
y.
Negat
ive-OR,Negati
ve-AND

Twosi
gnals_____
___and_
___
___
_pr
ovi
det
het
imi
ngi
nput
stot
he
St
ateMachine.
PTI
MEandQTI ME

The74HC163i
sa4-
bitSy
nchr
onouscount
er,
ithas_
___
___
_dat
a
out
putpi
ns.
4

PLDshaveIn-
Syst
em Progr
ammi
ng(I
SP)capabi
l
ityt
hatall
ows
the__
____
__tobeprogr
ammedaft
ert
heyhavebeeninst
all
edona
cir
cui
tboard.
PLDs

TheCONSTATE.CLK=Clocki
susedtoi
ndicat
ethatt
he_
___
___
_
st
atevar
iabl
eschangeonacl
ocktr
ansi
ti
on.
CONSTATE

Twotypesofmemor i
esnamel ythef
ir
sti
n-fi
rstout(FI
FO)
memor yandlasti
nfi
rstout(
LIFO)ar
eimplement edusi
ng
___
____
_ .
Shi
ftRegist
ers

Thenor maldat
ainputstoafli
p-f
lop(
D,SandR,
JandK,
T)ar
e
ref
erredtoas____
____input
s.
Synchronous

Foradowncount
ert
hatcount
sfr
om (
111t
o000)
,ifcur
rentst
ate
i
s"101"t
henextstat
ewi
l
lbe_
___
___
_.
Noneofthegi
ven

The______
__gateand_____
___gat
eimplement
ati
onconnectedat
theBinputoft
he4-bi
tAdderisusedtoall
owComplementedor
Un-ComplementedBinputtobeconnect
edtot
heAdderinput.
XOR,NAND

TheSynchr
onousSRAM alsohasaBurstf
eatur
ewhichall
owsthe
Synchr
onousSRAM toreadorwri
teupto___
_____l
ocat
ion(
s)
usi
ngasingl
eaddress.
Four

InNANDbasedS-Rlat
ch,outputofeach___
___
_ _gat
eis
connectedt
othei
nputoftheother___
___
__gate.
NAND, NAND

I
mplement i
ngtheAdj
acent1sdet
ectorcir
cuitdi
rect
lyfr
om t
he
f
uncti
ont abl
ebasedontheSOPformr equir
es_____
___gat
esfor
t
he8pr oductter
ms(minter
ms)wit
han8- inputORgate.
8AND

8-
bitparal
l
eldat
acanbeconv
ert
edi
ntoser
ial
dat
abyusi
ng
__
______mult
ipl
exer
.
8-
to-1

The____
____i
nputoverr
idest
he_
___
___
_input
.
Asynchr
onous,sy
nchronous

ASOPexpr essi
oncanbei
mpl
ement
edbyan_
___
___
_
combinat
ionofgat
es.
AND-OR

The64-
cel
lar
rayor
gani
zedas8x8cel
lar
rayi
sconsi
der
ed
asan8byt
ememor y
Theter
minal
countofa4-
bitbi
nar
ycount
eri
ntheUPmodei
s
___
____
_.

1100

A3-var
iabl
ekar
naughmaphas
ei
ghtcell
s

AnAsynchronousDown- counteri
simplemented(UsingJ-
Kfl
i
p-
fl
op)byconnecti
ng_ __
_____.
Qoutputofallf
li
p-f
lopstoclockinputofnextfl
i
p-fl
ops

Memoryisar
rangedi
n_____
___
.
Two-
dimensi
onalmanner

I
ftwonumber
sinBCDr epresent
ati
ongenerateaninval
idBCD
numbert
hent
hebinar
y_ __
_ _
___isaddedt
ot heresul
t.
1001

Subtr
act
orsal
sohav
eout
putt
ochecki
f1hasbeen_
___
___
_.
Pri
med

TheTestVectordef
ini
ti
ondef
inesthetestv
ect
orsforal
lthet
hree
count
erinput
sand_ __
____
_counterout
put/
out
puts.
Three

Amulti
plexerwi
tharegi
sterci
rcui
tconv
ert
s
Par
all
eldatatoser
ial

Adecadecount
ercanbeimplement
edbyt
runcat
ingt
hecount
ing
sequenceofaMOD-20count
er.
True

Thenf
li
p-f
lopsst
ore_
___
___
_st
ates.
2^n
TheS-Rl atchhastwoinput
s,t
her
efore_
____
___di
ffer
ent
combinat i
onsofinput
scanbeappli
edtocontr
olt
heoperat
ionof
theS-Rlatch.
four

Whydemulti
plexeri
scal
l
edadat
adi
str
ibut
or?
Si
ngl
einputtoSingl
eOutput

Whenthetransmi
ssi
onl
i
nei
sidl
einanasy
nchr
onous
t
ransmissi
on
I
tissettol
ogichi
gh

UVERPROM i
sst
andsf
or
Ul
tr
a-Voi
l
et

I
nmemor ywr
it
ecycle,
theti
mef orwhi
cht
heWEsi
gnal
remai
ns
act
ivei
sknownast he___
_____
.
Wri
tepulsewi
dth

Theout
putsofSRlat
chesinel
evatorst
atemachi
nearefeedback
tot
he____
____gat
earrayf
orconnecti
ontotheD-
fl
ipf
lops.
AND

PALst
endt
oexecut
e__
___
___l
ogi
c.
SOP

TheROM usedbyacomput
erisrel
ati
vel
y___
_ _
_ _
_asitst
oresfew
buyer
sofcodeusedt
oBoottheComputersystem onpowerup.
Small

Whichsi
gnalmustremainvali
dinmemor
ywr i
tecy
cleaf
terdat
a
i
sappli
edatthedatainputl
i
nesandmustremainval
i
dfora
mini
mum ti
medur at
iontWD?
-
WE

Youhav
etochoosesui
tabl
eopt
ionwheny
ourt
imerwi
l
lresetby
consi
der
ingthisgi
vencode:
TRSTATE.CLK=clk;
TMRST:=( TRSTATE==NSY2)#(
TRSTATE==EWY2)
;
NSY2orEWY2

ANORbasedS-Rlat
chisimpl
ement
edusi
ng_
___
___
_gat
es
i
nst
eadof___
___
__gates.
NOR,NAND

I
mplement
ati
onofLat
chi
srequi
redal
most_
___
___
_tr
ansi
stor
.
Si
x

I
ndi st
ri
butedmode,fora1024x1024DRAM memor yanda
ref
reshcycleof8msec,eachofthe1024rowshastobe
ref
reshedin____
___
_whenDi st
ri
butedref
reshi
sused.
7.8microsec

TheNORlogi
cgateisthesameastheoper
ati
onoft
he_
___
___
_
gat
ewit
haninver
terconnect
edtot
heoutput.
NAND

ForaSt andardSOPexpressi
on,a__
____
_ _i
splacedinthecel
l
corr
espondingtotheproductter
m(Minterm)presenti
nthe
expression.
1

Selectthemodeofpr
ogr
ammi
ngi
nwhi
chGAL16V8canbe
programmed:
Allofthegi
ven

Di
vide-by
-32count
ercanbeachi
evedbyusi
ng
Fl
i
p-FlopandDIV32

Thenextst
atetabl
eforREQ1,FLOOR1andOPENi nput
sindicat
es
thatt
he___
____
_canbepr essedatanyt
imeei
theronthefi
rst
fl
oorort
hesecondf
loori
nel
evat
or.
REQ1

Consi
derA=1,B=0,
C=1.A,BandCr
epr
esentthei
nputoft
hreebi
t
NANDgate,theout
putoft
heNANDgat
ewillbe__
_____
_.

One

A4-bitbi
naryup/
downcount
erisint
hebi
nar
yst
ateofzer
o.The
nextstat
eintheDOWNmodei s:
1111

Addi
ngt
wooct
alnumber
s"36"and"
71"r
esul
tin_
___
___
_.
127

TheABELInputfi
l
ecanusea_ _
____
__i
nst
eadoft
heequat
iont
o
speci
fyt
heBooleanexpr
essi
ons.
Trut
hTable

Thedomai
noft
heexpr
essi
onAB'
CD+AB'
+C'
D+Bi
s
A,B,
CandD

I
ft henumberofsamplesthatarecol
l
ectedisreducedbyhal
f,t
he
reconstr
uct
edsignal
willbe____
____f
rom/totheorigi
nal
.
Same

I
nDRAM readcycl
eR/W si
gnal
-
i
sact
ivat
edt
oreaddat
awhi
chi
s
madeavai
labl
eonthe_
____
___dat
ali
ne.
D(OUT)

I
ncaseofcascadi
ngIntegratedCir
cuitcounters,t
heenabl
e
i
nputsandRCOoftheIntegratedCir
cuitcountersall
owcascadi
ng
ofmult
ipl
ecount
erst
oget her.
True

I
mpl
ement
ati
onoft
heFI
FObuf
feri
n__
___
___i
susual
l
ytakest
he
for
m ofaci
rcul
arbuf
fer
.
RAM

Asdatav al
uesarewri
tt
enorreadf
rom t
heRAM St
ackPoi
nter
Regist
erincr
ementsordecr
ementsit
scont
ent
salway
spointi
ng
tothestack___
____
_.
Top

Whichonef
li
p-f
lophasani
nval
i
dout
putst
ate?
SR

Theout
putofaNANDgat
eis_
___
___
_whenal
lthei
nput
sar
eone.
Zer
o

TheTransi
ti
ont
abl
eisv
erysi
mil
art
othe_
___
___
_tabl
e.
Stat
e

Consi
derthesum ofwei
ghtmethodforconver
ti
ngdeci
mal
int
o
bi
naryval
ue,__
___
_ _
_ist
hehighestwei
ghtfor411.
256

Canoni
cal
for
misauni
quewayofr
epr
esent
ing_
___
___
_.
SOP

__
_ _
____Countersast
henamei
ndi
cat
esar
enott
ri
gger
ed
si
mul t
aneously
.
Synchronous

Cinispar
tof_
___
___
_Adder
.
Full

Fl
ashmemori
esOper
ati
onar
ecl
assi
fi
edi
nto_
___
___
_di
ff
erent
oper
ati
on.
Two

APr
oductt
ermi
s0when_
___
__
Anyonel
i
ter
ali
s0

I
n8-inpi
tmult
ipl
exer,
thet
woout
put
sar
econnect
ed
t
hrougha/an_
_ _
gate.

OR

_
___Dev
icedissi
pat
ev aryi
ngamountofpowerdependi
ngupon
t
hefr
equencyofoperati
on.

CMOS

Bool
eanAddi
ti
onoper
ati
oni
sper
for
medbya(
an)
___gat
e.

OR

ASOPexpressi
oncanbei
mpl
ement
edbyan_
___
_combi
nat
ion
ofgat
es.

AND-
OR

Themaximum decimalnumberthatcanberepr
esent
edusi
ng
the64-
bitunsi
gnedrepr
esent
ati
onis_ _
___
__.

(
2^64)
-1

I
n16-
bitALU,
TheGout puti
sact
ivat
edi
fthe4-
biuni
tgener
ate
aCar
ry___
_ir
respect
iveofCarr
y___.
Out
,I
n

Ast
andar
dPOSf r
om has____t
erst
hathav
eal
lthev
ari
abl
esi
n
t
hedomainoft
heexpressi
on.

Sum

I
nCascadingPrior
it
yEncoder
s,t
heEOoutputi
sconnect
edt
othe
EIi
nputoftheencoderwhi
chhandl
es_
___
_.

Lowerpr
ior
it
yinput
s

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
stheexampl
eofcompar
ater
?

XNOR

I
NCMOS5Voltser
ies,I
nputvol
tageofLogi
chi
ghsi
gnal
(VI
H)
wi
thar
angesf
rom __
__to___
_v ol
ts.

3,
5,
5

TheAdjacent1SDetectoraccept
s4-bit
sinput
.If___
_adj
acent
1Saredetectedi
ntheinput,
theoutputi
ssettohigh.

DEMorgan’
stwotheor
emspr
ovet
heequi
val
encyoftheNAND
and_
____gat
esandtheNORand_
___
_gat
esrespect
ivel
y.

Negat
ive-
AND,
Negat
ive-
OR

Addi
ngt
wooct
alnumber
s“36and71”r
esul
tin_
___
.
127

Anyofthe_
__ __f
ormsoftheKar
naughMapcanbeusedt
o
si
mpli
fyBooleanexpr
essi
ons

Four

Quine-McCl
uskeyandK-
Mapmet
hodsar
eusedf
or_
___
_of
Booleanexpr
ession.

Si
mpl
i
ficat
ion

Thenumber“
1259”maybel
ongt
o__
__numbersy
stem.

Deci
mal
orHexadeci
mal
syst
em

Theser
iesofTTLchi
psar
echar
act
eri
zedbyt
hei
r__
__.

Swi
tchi
ngSpeedonl
y

Al
lABELst
atement
smustendwi
th_
___
_.

I
nsequent
ial
cir
cui
tmemor
yel
ement
sar
econnect
ed
wi
th_
___.

Cl
ock

Inthe32-bi
tSi
nglePreci
sionFloat
ingPointf
ormat,t
he
exponentval
ue__
__isreservedtorepr
esenti
nfi
nit
yexponent
s.
255

The___
__out
puthast
heout
putoftheORgat
econnect
ed
thr
oughanXORgatet
othet
ri
-st
atebuf
fer
.

PLA

Theli
mit
ati
onini
mpl
ement
ati
onofpar
all
elbi
nar
yaddr
essi
s
knownas__
___
___
.

Car
ryi
nput

TheGraycodeisdi
ff
erentf
ormt
heunsi
gnedbi
nar
y
codebecause_
__.

Successi
vev
alueofGr
aycodebyonl
yonebi
t

Removi
ngt
heNOTgat
eatt
heout
putoft
heNORgat
eresul
tin
an_
___
.

ORgat
e

Por
tabl
edev
icesthatr
unonbat
ter
iesuse_
__ci
rcui
tthathav
e
l
owpowerdissi
pati
on.

I
ntegr
ated

Thedomai
noft
heexpr
essi
onAB’
CD+Bi
s

Bonl
y

_
___
_isasi
ngl
einputgat
e
OR

Tor epresentindigi
tal
value,
thenumberofdi
git(0sand1s)
thatrepresentaquantit
yis____t
otherangeofvaluest
hatar
e
tober epresented.
Equal

BCDcodeof16i
s__
__.

00010001

Todeterminethesev
enexpressi
onsforeachoftheseven
output
sin7-segmentdi
spl
ay,seven_
___vari
abl
eKarnaughMaps
areused.

I
nOddpari
tygener
atorci
rcui
twhi
chgat
eisusedt
odet
ect
par
it
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ror
s?

XOR

A3-var
iabl
eKar
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Ei
ghtcell
s

Themeasurableval
uesgener
all
ychangeov
era
Cont
inuousrange

__
__usesE2CMOStechnologywhichi
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ect
ri
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lyEr
asabl
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usi
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GAL

Whenthenumber29isrepr
esenton7-segmentdi
spl
ay,
whi
ch
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esent
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ayunit
?
1001

Howmanyofenabl
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to8Decor
der
?
Thr
ee

Thesi
mplif
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___
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I
denti
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Whi
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oll
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oductofsumsf
orm?

AB+CD

CMOStechnol
ogyi
scharact
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owpowerdi
ssi
pat
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wi
th_
___swit
chi
ngspeeds.

Sl
ow

GALTwo2-bitcomparat
orci
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m
si
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e4-
bitcomparator

Tr
ue

Hi
ghlevelNoi
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oltser
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ts
i
s__
____
_ _
____
_

0.
9V

Theout
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erepr
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One

I
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SET

3.3vCMOSseri
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___
___
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___
___
__as
compar
edtothe5vCMOSseri
es.

Fastswi
tchi
ngspeeds,
ver
ylowpowerdi
ssi
pat
ion(
page61)

Thebi
nar
yval
ue“
1010110”i
sequi
val
entt
odeci
mal
___
___
___
_
86

The_
___
___Encoderi
susedasakey
padencoder
.

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mal
-t
o-BCDPr
ior
it
y

Howmanydat
asel
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i
nesar
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redf
orsel
ect
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ghti
nput
s?

TheQuadMul
ti
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put
s
4

Demul
ti
plexerhas

Si
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einputandmul
ti
pleout
put
s.
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___
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__i
sanexampl
eofCommut
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veLawf
or
Mult
ipl
icati
on.

AB=BA

Thel
ook-
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ryci
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ts_
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Reducepr
opagat
iondel
ay

Whati
stheoutputexpr
essi
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b’i
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ement
ati
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i
nBCDto7-segmentdecoder?

B’
+C’
D’+CD

2-
input
,8-
bitMult
ipl
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bysett
ingt
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o
l
ogic__
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the__
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hthemul
ti
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ect
ed.

Hi
gh,
B

Themaxi mum deci

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the64-bi
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ati
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(2^64)
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Whentwoormoreproduct
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Bool
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Tr
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ementr
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esent
ati
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7”i
s__
___
___
___
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1001

__
___
___and___
_____
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uskey
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Fi
ndpri
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icant
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hepr
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i
mpli
cants.

Thebi
narynumber1011,
101hasanI ntegerpar
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ionpar
t___separatedbyadecimalpoi
nt.

1011,
101

Subt
ract
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sohav
eout
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ochecki
f1hasbeen_
___
___
__

Bor
rowed

CMOStechnol
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acteri
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di
ssi
pat
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h___
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chingspeeds.
Sl
ow

The_____
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__descr
ipt
ionisusedt
osi
mul
atet
hel
ogi
c
ci
rcui
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fyi
tsoperat
ion.
Testvect
or

Howmanyout
put
scanani
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rcui
tcompar
atorhav
e?
Thr
ee
Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngi
snott
hecor
rectmet
hodofgr
oupi
ng?
Di
agonall
y

Theout
putoftheexpr
essi
onF=A.
B.Cwi
l
lbel
ogi
c__
___
_when
A=1,
B=0,C=1.

Zer
o

The_____gateand___gateimpl
ementati
onconnect
edatthe
Binputofthe4-bi
tAdderisusedtoal
lowcomplementedorUn-
ComplementedBi nputt
obeconnectedtotheAdderi
nput.
AND,OR

Inthe32-bi
tSi
ngl
ePreci
sionFloati
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ormat,t
he
exponentval
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sreservedinfi
nit
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.

99

TheBool
eanexpr
essi
on(
AB’
CS’
)isused

Apr
oductt
erm

TheproductofanXORgat
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lthei
nput
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ero

IandI
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y

_
___
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oConv
ertDeci
mal
fract
ionst
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nar
y.

Todi
spl
ayt
henumber
___t
heBCDnumber0010r
epr
esent
ing
theMSDisappli
edatthei
nput
softheBCDto7-segmentdi
spl
ay
cir
cui
tconnect
edtotheMSD&-SegmentDi
spl
aydigi
t
29