Test 3 READING AND USE OF ENGLISH (1 hour 30 minutes) Part1 For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. ‘There is an example at the beginning (0). Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Example: OA aspect Bpat element D factor The Japanese Bobtail Cats have been (0) ........ of the lives of human beings for thousands of years. One interesting breed which fascinates scientists is the Japanese Bobtail - a domestic cat with an unusual ‘bobbed’ tail more (1) ........ resembling the tail of a rabbit than that of other cats. The breed has been known in Japan for centuries, and it features (2) ....... in folklore. In many traditions, cats are frequently (3) .. of fear and mistrust but in Japanese stories the Bobtail tends to be (4) ........ as a force for (5) ........ . The image of 2 Bobtail seated with one paw raised is considered a lucky charm. But how did the Bobtail (6) ........ its short tail? One legend tells of a sleeping cat whose Jong tail (7) ........ fire. In a panic, it tore through the town, spreading flames everywhere. As a result, the then emperor declared that all cats should have their tails cut short as a (@)........ Measure. Science, however, has a less ‘romantic’ explanation based on genetics. 52 > > > > > > Pm PDyears. One >mestic cat han that of 8 (2). trust but in ne image of | cat whose everywhere. t short as a on genetics. > > > > > > > > tight come by defensive similarly ‘obviously articles Portrayed virtue get at caught restrictive 0 16 of 059 @ ° accurately objects exposed hit on preventative Reading and Use of English ° closely ‘significantly. elements disclosed truth go for 53Test 3 Part 2 For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ‘one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. Example: | 0| 0 | F Work experience abroad Every year thousands (0) .... other countries (2) ... .. young people in various countries do short periods of work in .. the time they leave school and start university. Typically these involve helping in schools or hospitals, or on conservation projects. The experience the young people gain will be of great benefit in their lives. (10) a personal point of view, it gives them a sense of independence and confidence. It may also help them with their long-term career. ‘There are many organisations that run work experience programmes. (11 ‘such company is Global Volunteers, (12) ........ spokesperson Mary Cooper comments: "(13) an extended holiday, our placements involve learning to (14)... esponsibility for themselves. Young people should push themselves out of their comfort zones and do (15) ....... productive, Doing a placement will add value to a CV, helping young people to (16) ........ ut from the crowd. «than being in the job market. Some employers look favourably on students who have the initiative and drive to complete one.” 4Reading and Use of English Part 3 'questions 17-24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. The significance of hairstyles a ot work if is the most easily (0) ........ part of the human body and also one of + ADAPT ‘these involve ‘most (17) The first barbers appeared in ancient Greece, when DISTINCT people gall hair became a sign of social status. Similarly, South American Inca a esnee ci had their hair short; in contrast, the hair of their citizens got (18) PROGRESS ‘the further down the social chain they were. Barbers prospered in the ‘of the Roman Empire, until they were expelled from Rome, when it was Bch company) how much they earned. .» than being Srersalvedl hhave always reflected fashion through their hairstyles, sometimes roductiva’ (19) In 16th-century Europe, women would pluck the hair from DRAMA. front of their heads in (20) ........ of beauty. Three centuries later, the PURSUE was for huge hairstyles that made it (21) om the crowd hive and drive . for the hairdresser NEED. ;climb a small ladder. The maintenance needed to (22) ....... these styles SURE good was enormous. Today socially (23) ........ with regard to hairstyles and technology has been © ACCEPT usly (24) ...... in reducing the time we spend on our hair. BENEFIT in our more liberal world, very little 55Test 3 Part 4 For questions 25-30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. sentence, using the word given. De net change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0). Example: (0 James would only speak to the head of department alone, ON James ... to the head of department alone. ‘The gap can be filed with the words ‘insisted on speaking’, so you write: Example: [0 || INSISTED ON SPEAKING Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. 25 The constant public attention on famous people must have an effect on them. EYE Constantly... . must have an effect on famous people. 26 This building would be ideal for our new office except that there are no parking facilities nearby. FROM This building would be ideal for our new office facilities nearby. 27 It's only because of the quality of the lead singer's voice that people listen to the album. WORTH It's the quality of the lead singer's voice that ...... wt. 56to the palbum. Reading and Use of English hotel wasn't just far from the sea, it was expensive too. .. way from the sea, it was expensive too. felt she had stayed too long at the party. felt it. .. the party. Inah's essay doesn't have a clear enough explanation of the main point to be awarded ‘top marks. CLEARLY Hannah's essay doesn't ..to be awarded top marks. s7Test 3 ‘You are going to read a newspaper article about research into a chemical. For questions 31-36, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. ‘Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Part5 line 16 58 Oxytocin Oliver Burkeman asks the US academic Paul Zak about his research into a chemical called oxytocin, which has an important role in our lives. aul Zak s renowned among his colleagues fortwo things he doss disconcertingly soon after meeting people ‘The fst ls hugging. seeing me approach, he springs 10 his feet, and enfolds me in his arms. Tne second is talking them into having needles stuck into ther arms to draw blood. | escape our encounter unpunctured, but plenty don't - wilingly, of course. Zak's work has involved extracting blood from. amongst others, a couple on thawed day. baope whe have been dancin, and a grup Papua New Guinea preparing o ero a uals Having dipped into his book, The Moral Molecule, | know that what dives Zak's hunger for blood is his interest im oxytocin. Long known as a female reproductive hormone, oxytocin emerges from Zak's research as something much more. Being treated decently, he says, causes people's oxytocin levels to rise, prompting them to behave ‘more decently, while experimental subjects gWven an artificial oxytocin boost behave more generously and. trustingly. Describing the chemical as the ‘moral molecule that keeps society together’, Zak offers nothing less than a vast explanation of whole swathes of phlosophical quections. The subtitle ofthe book, the new sciance of what makes us good or evil, ves a sense ofthis. ‘The aforementioned wedding took place at a house in England, where Zak set up the equipment needed to collect blood. He took samples, before and after the ceremony, from the bride and groom, and various guests, then transerred his spoils to is laboratory. There, he discovered the results he'd been expecting: the ceremony ‘caused oxytocin to spike. And it cid £0 n dict proportion to the kaly intensity of emotional engagement in the event “The bride recorded the highest increase, followed by close family members, then less closely involved friends. Mapping the wedding’ oxytocin levels gave rise, in Zak's words, to an amazing human ‘solar system’ with the bride asthe sun, the hormone ily callorated tothe emotional warmth each guest ft. Zak's intereat in oxytocin was fueled by experiments involving the Trust Game. Participant A is invited to lend Some money to a stranger Participant B. They'e told that ary money A sends wil triple in value, whereupon B ‘can retum some asa thank-you. According to traditional models, the game should break down before it begins. B, fcting selfishly, has no reason to give any money back ~ and, knowing this, A shouldn't send any in the frst place. However, as in previous research with this tried and tested set up the vast major of A-people send money, while {an even larger percentage of B-people return some. Zak's analysis ofthe oxytocin in participants’ bloodstreams ‘eveals that by sending money fo B, person Ais Qing a sign of trust ~ and for person B, being on the receiving fend causes oxytocin levels to increase, mativating more generous behaviour in return ‘The possible implications are intriguing. Evolution has given us oxytocin, a biological mechanism that lets us be instinctively rusting and kind = or moral’. Mixing science and morality prompts suspicion, however. Just ecause something ls natural’ dowsr't mean it "igh and efforts to derive moral codes from science rarly ‘end well. Moreover i's unclear what Zak means wen he says oxytocin, oF the lack of it, makes’ us good or ‘Ev. Stil none of this undermines the pragmatic aspect of Zak's work. if oxytocin is the mechanism through ‘which moral action takes place, then by manipulating oxytocin, we might boost levels of trust, generosity, and ltimately happiness. (On the other hand, what's to stop car dealers, say. pumping oxytocin into showrooms? Zak waves the matter ‘away. I's incredibly hard to get enough oxytocin Into the Bloodstream. Sure, oxytocin can be stimulated in subtle ‘ways to serve other people's agendas, ‘but they'e already doing that. Why do you think they have babies in ‘adverts? To make you feel good, by provoking the release of oxytocin.” Meanwhile, he says, we should all do at Teast eight hugs a day, massage and even watch soppy movies he's done the test. Interaction on social media ‘seems to lead to oxytocin spikes, undermining the argument that it's kiling real human interaction; hormonal, t ‘appear, the body processes tac real interaction. 7 cour = Sess cous onor ¢ ie ae cou»Reading and Use of English ‘What does the writer suggest about Paul Zak in the first paragraph? He provokes mixed feelings in people. He understands that aggression can sometimes be useful. He can adapt himself to a variety of situations. He is capable of being very persuasive. does ‘spoils’ refer to in line 167 equipment chemical samples guests x meeting people. results ra The second i rs 2 couple on ‘What is the writer's purpose in the fourth paragraph? couple on is the writer's purpose in the fou paring to parton to make a counter-argument ood is hs intrest to introduce a new concept to summarise an idea to expand on a point What does the writer say about Zak's Trust Game experiments? rant ceed ‘A They demonstrate the importance of money in human relations. Bc te commons B Their artificiality means that what they tell us is of limited value. nal engagement in ‘© The results challenge conventional notions of human behaviour. D They were constructed in a way that was clever and innovative, What does the writer suggest in the sixth paragraph? A The potential exploitation of oxytocin should be given serious consideration. B Zak's experimental methods are the object of some mistrust. © Further work is needed to define exactly what oxytocin is, D Science cannot be free of ethical considerations. How does Zak regard the idea of deliberately manipulating oxytocin? on, however. Just A He doubts whether it's ever going to be feasibl sn wre B He worries about possible commercial misuse. echanism through He advocates wider use of readily available means. goneosty, and Db He feels it's outside his area of expertise. waves the matter mulated In subte ey have babies in fe should all do at non soci media jon: hormonally, tTest 3 Part 6 You are going to read four extracts from online articles about childhood. For questions 37-40, choose from the extracts A-D. The extracts may be chosen more than once. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. The Changing Face of Childhood in the USA ‘A Mary Granger Parents often complain that chidhood today seems different to what it was when they were young ~ when {ree day meant they ran care-free out the door after breakfast and played until twilight. But they are somewhat hhypoertcal, because mary of today's better-offchidren seem to have less time for such unstructured play as they face an unfortunate mass of parent-organised ‘things-to-keep-kids-busy’ that might include Karate lessons, tutoring or ballet. Parents are increasingly unwiling to lt their offspring play outside. As a result children are more protected than ever before. A generation ago children went cycling on their own, went on public transport alone, took responsibilty for themselves. Some experts suggest that the whole nature of parenting was different; that it was much less hands-on and more trusting of the child B_ Max Poenbaum “The interaction between the child and the natural environment provides an authentic learning experience based on sensory absorption and investigation, but it disappears with the passing of childhood. Then adult cognitive reasoning gradually takes over as the world is seen in a more objective or scientific way. At the transition between childhood and adulthood, young people can feel in danger of having nothing stable to hold on to, caught between the trapeze of childhood that has been let go of and the trapeze of growing up rot yet within his or her grasp. Now parents must become a safety net at a time when the young person feels naturally anxious and insecure. But these days, parents are struggling against the siow creep of an increasingly commercial and sexualised culture and behaviour. That very culture, which is so rightly blamed {or preventing younger children from being children also undermines the parenting of teenagers. © John P. Ondorenko It is clear that young children have a special affinity for the great outdoors that is connected to their {development and their ways of knowing and learning. This is a unique and unrepeatable ability that starts to fade during the teenage years. Even so, today's teenagers are under pressure to grow up before they are ready. Celebrity culture, aduit-style clothes and music videos are all quit of encouraging them to act older than they are. As a result they are adrift in a sea of disaffection. In particular they care less about school performance and social obedience than ever before. On the flipside, they are much more tolerant and aware of ethical issues and also more caring regarding the future of the planet. A common adolescent complaint is of ever-increasing boredom, and yet children today have no reason to be bored, partly as the number of formal, extra-curricular activities available to them is unprecedented. D Steven Zataria ‘Once the pre-teen years are gone, parents have a more aloof adolescent who is more reluctant to be touched, ‘who would rather spend time with friends, who feels too old to play with parents, who is embarrassed by their public company, who is more private and less forthcoming, and who seems to court their disapproval through ‘deliberate resistance and opposition. The pattem is a standard one and always has been, as any psychologist will tell you. Teenagers may think they are fully independent, fiercely so in fact, but parents must be there for thom, taking a back seat, intervening less than before, but ready to listen and guide when called upon. But parenting is becoming increasingly complex. The increasingly commercialised and sexualised world we live in ‘means that children are missing out on a proper childhood. The solution is clearly not to keep children wholly innocent until they are adults, but we have surely reached the point where some regulatory protection is required, 60Reading and Use of English expert 2 similar view to Poenbaum on how long people's instinctive relationship nature lasts? a similar opinion to Zafaria on what the role of a parent should jing teenage children? .2 different view from the others on whether children are growing up too fast? ‘a different opinion from Ondorenko on the value of planned activities ‘children? 61Test 3 Part7 You are going to read an extract from a newspaper article about travelling in Poland. Six paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap (41-46). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Before Google .. the alternative travel guide to Poland Vicky Baker takes social networking back to its roots by resurrecting a travel project in Poland from the early 1990s. ke you to my friend’s studio, Its says Jarek, my unofficial guide to Krakow, in one of the biggest understatements of the trip. He leads me to an old cottage. It looks abandoned, but then we are greeted by a man who, with his grey beard and sheepskin waistcoat, Jooks like an ageing pop star. Outside there’s a two- ‘metre-high carved totem pole and the remains of a bonlire are still burning, a As a couch surfer 1 am used to finding golden ‘opportunities through strangers, but the unusual thing about this connection is that it came abou 1a tourisin project that ‘was, in many ways, the precursor to, social networking Back in the 1980s, Jim Haynes, a renowned supporter of alternative arts, had an idea. Convinced that the best travel experiences come from the people you meet, he set himself a goal: he would match inquisitive travellers with gracious hosts by creating an alternative guidebook, in a country he loved. Poland: People to Pople finally bit the bookshelves in 1991 a2 ] scheme. Jim assembled all the names in what read like a personal address book. The cover price of £6 bought you the contact details of 1,000 strangers. Intrigued by the idea of taking modern networking back to its roots, I wondered whether, many years 62 later, Jim's hosts would still be willing to greet an n visitor from overseas. But first I would At first I planned to communicate only by post and sent several letters before realising 1 lacked the patience. Feeling a litle guilty, I opted for the 2ist-century solution: searching for the names on the Internet. Many were dead ends; others simply never responded. But gradually people did come forward and T received various slightly stunned replies. Before long I had meetings arranged in Krak6w and Gdansk. s Lip hc oper ar, tough ad ead meet Was a Syearad actin We mest 2 Sisco et ole alepole wel sco down a vse pe of Fish damping, Sever soo malay wut en “ ] Tm charmed by Krakow and reluctant to leave Whadek, who proves to be excellent and the café, but I already have my next meet arranged a l0-hour train ride away: Gdansk, with is immaculately renovated buildings and. litle boutiques, is clearly a world away from the city it was in the 1990s. I have arranged to meet kite- surfing enthusiast Marius: ata restaurant there. Poland: Pople to People lives on, it seems. Lknow Jim will be delighted, gy a TUGe BERS FRET RE EEEopted for the the names on ‘others simply ple did come ghily stunned $ arranged in nd head off to e. We meet in polite waitress sh dumplings to eat. ctant to leave ent company, “next mecting Gdansk, with, igs and lle from the city Jo meet kite> taurant there. as L know Jim Peer to peer websites are common now, but turning the idea into a book back then was challenge. Jim sent out hundreds of letter th his’ already extensive network of friends and placed small ads in various Polish Jitance has hazy memories of the people he met through the book, but says ‘he enjoys the company of visitors, as they are ‘eurious and interested in others. He shows me ‘old photos and speaks of how life has changed here. What follows is one of those surreal travel ‘experiences, where one new fiend introduces ‘you to another and another. Before long we've set ‘ff on a tour of Krakéw’s artistic comm That was casicr sad than done, Details were sparse; just contact details and a very short profile ‘I ive in Krakow and Lam a man of ‘Krak.’ read one rather unhelpful entry Reading and Use of English E Jim gave me an ouroFprint edition at one of the open-house dinners he runs every Sunday’ at his Paris home. It was like opening a file ime capsule and from that moment I knew what 1 had to do. F The next morning is the occasion of my impromptu adventure with Jarek, an artist T found alter contacting various local galleries. He invites me for dinner and even finds the original typewritten letter Jim sent in 1989 to introduce the project. G Ic is my first time in Poland, and the former is undeniably impressive. The picture-perfect main square is lined with Renaissance buildings, lively street cafés and golf carts waiting to take tourists around town. 63Test 3 Part 8 You are going to read four book reviews. For questions 47-56, choose from the sections (A-D). ‘The sections may be chosen more than once. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Of which book are the following stated? It presents complicated material in manageable chunks of data. ‘The book failed to sustain the reviewer's interest throughout, Readers are left to draw their own conclusions about some of the book's material Its author sought expert advice on certain aspects of the book. ‘The book is both instructive and visually appealing. It looks both backwards and forwards in time. Its author effectively brings together different fields of study. It offers a selective, rather than comprehensive, coverage of its topic. Itis possible to feel a sense of involvement with the subject matter. The text is a skilful mixture of data and personal comment. & |e 2//8) 18WHY ELEPHANTS HAVE BIG EARS by Chris Lavers Lavers has set out to produce a book that sits between serious scholarship (he is a senior in animal ecology) and the need to satisfy inquisitive pesterings of children. Why are ants jsmall? Why can a bat fly and a shrew not? And ‘course, why do elephants have big ears? The Is no shocker ~ creatures have interacted their habitats to evolve into the extraordinary they possess today. But once this principle ‘established, the book loses some of its charm. ‘book's most successful sections are where travel through the Jurassic and Cretaceous of prehistory to look at how nature made [primal decisions: which species would fly and would swim, which creatures would be warm ‘cold-blooded? ‘Lavers argues that it is here we the true answers to our questions today and the les to safely predict our future. ORIGINS: The Evolution of Continents, Oceans and Life by Ron Redfern isted for the BP Natural World Book Prize, ‘comprises panoramas and a wide-ranging, Scientific insight to make this work fresh interpretation of the Earth's fascinating 1. The landscape photographs were shot ly for the book, albeit by the author himself, Consultation with leading scientists to find the of the best-known examples of various and processes. The writer manages to reduce ‘most complex theories to digestible nuggets of tion. The text is an entertaining narrative ‘Successfully weaves recent and ancient history science. Origins is a heavyweight work in ‘ways than one: as a test for the legs of any table and as a definitive guide to our planet's lution. Its ideal for regular dipping into as much for in-depth reference. Reading and Use of English NATURE BOOKS © EARTH ODYSSEY by Mark Hertsgaard Worried about the effects of our expanding Population on the world's resources, Mark Hertsgaard took a world tour to see for himself how bad things really were. Earth Odyssey is the ‘culmination of seven years’ work, during which time he visited 19 countries. To read itis to shadow him on his tour and to observe the condition of the planet through the eyes of the people he ‘met along the way: their living conditions, their Personal struggles and triumphs. He does not try to Coffer his own opinions; rather he lets us make our ‘own minds up. Hertsgaard cleverly interweaves his ‘observations with carefully gathered evidence as he ‘seeks to answer questions about our environment. He takes us through the industrial and agricultural revolutions, then back to the origins of the human ‘species, to see ifthe past can provide any answers. Although the answers we want to hear sit uneasily with the facts. Hertsgaard presents an elegant portrait of the human species, full of character, dignity, perseverance and strength. He leaves you with a strong conviction that itis ultimately a race worth saving. D_ THE VIKING ATLAS OF EVOLUTION by Roger Osbourne ‘Why are there no penguins in the Arctic, or polar bears in Antarctica? How is it that camels and lamas are so closely related, yot they live so far apart? ‘The answers come down to the fact that ‘evolution takes place according to geographical location as well as time. Using photographs, supert> iustrations and more than 100 maps. showing distributions of organisms, migrations. tertores and biogeographic regions, the atlas graphically highights the impact geography has had on the development of life on Earth, It charts the origin, evolution and spread of plants, reptiles, birds and mammals worlwide. t also investigates the way people have altered the world they lve in, from the introduction of exotic species into fragile ‘ecosystems to the destruction of habtats and the domestication of wild species. The accompanying text is highly informative. The atlas does not review the evolution of every ‘important fe form on the planet. Rather, it chooses several case studies to highlight the evolutionary process in_dlfering geographical settings. 65Test 3 WRITING (1 hour 30 minutes) Part 1 ‘You must answer this question. Write your answer in 220-260 words in an appropriate style. 1 Youhave listened to a radio discussion programme about how to motivate children to do regular exercise. You have made the notes below: Ways of motivating children to do } regular exercise: k * parental example - * government funding | Some opinions expressed in the a’gonbal discussion: ne] “If children don't see their parents they don't think it's “Hf sports facilities were cheaper, more people would use them.” “Sport in schools is too competitive. It should be fun for everyone.” Write an essay for your tutor discussing two of the ways in your notes. You should explain which way is more effective in motivating children to do regular exercise and provide reasons to support your opinion. ‘You may, if you wish, make use of the opinions expressed in the discussion, but you should use your own words as far as possible. 66 Write an an appr 2 You by! ide do The suc wri 3° You [tm tm You writ 4 You Wx 00 and wrtte style. en todo xplain de reasons. should use Writing Part 2 an answer to one of the questions 2-4 in this part. Write your answer in 220-260 words in riate style. ‘You are studying at an international college and you recently attended a careers day organised by the college to help students prepare for work. The event included information about how to Identify suitable jobs, workshops on writing effective job applications, and advice on how to do well in interviews, The College Principal has asked you to write a report evaluating to what extent the event was. successful and making recommendations for next year's event. Write your report. You receive this letter from a friend who is planning to study abroad: {Ym not sure about going to study abroad anymore. How wil | meet people and find somewhere to live? And Ym worried ! won't understand my lessons. Maybe i's not the right thing for me afterall ‘You decide to write to your friend giving your opinion and offering advice. Write your letter You see the following announcement on a travel website: Outdoor Activity Holidays Hf you've been on an outdoor activity holiday then we'd love to hear from you. Maybe you went horse riding, ‘rock climbing or windsurfing, for example. WWrive 3 review for our website evaluating the location facies and activites, and explaining why you would, or wouldn't, recommend it to other holidaymakers. Write your review. 67Test 3 LISTENING (approximately 40 minutes) Part1 ‘You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions for each extract. You hear two people discussing climate change. 1 How did the man feel after watching a TV debate on the subject? ‘A. alarmed by the strength of feeling among the speakers dismayed by some of the speakers’ level of knowledge surprised by the number of speakers taking part oorroeory 7 2 The woman thinks that articles about climate change should Abe written by scientists. B include some humour. © be authenticated by specialists. ‘Extract Two - ‘You hear two pilots taking part in a discussion programme about an aerobatics team in which they fly. 3 How does the man feel about the new training season? A concerned about his ability to learn new skills B satisfied that his efforts have been worthwhile © worried about the number of hours he has to put in 4 What does the woman think about the forthcoming world championships? ‘A. She has confidence in the ability of certain team members. B She's convinced that the team will do better than last year © She suspects that pilots have been given unrealistic targets. 68Listening hear two friends talking about online book reviews. ‘The woman reveals her belief that A. websites should monitor contributions. B reading such reviews is a waste of time, ‘© those who write reviews are unscrupulous. How does the man think he benefits from writing online reviews? A Itallows him to share his opinions. B It gives him practice in writing skills. © Itmakes him read the books more closely. 69Test 3 Part 2 ‘You will hear a student, called Greg Pritchard, talking about his gap year trip to Africa. For questions 7-14, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase. pyou will he Zander abs A GAP YEAR TRIP Greg says that the Kruger National Park is home to the largest population of Sa 7 _||in South Africa. a B Greg was surprised that so many people chose to study c D B | during the first week of the trip. Ed (On Greg's research project, he was responsible for recording the A B 9 | of the crocodiles sighted. c D Greg learned that 410 | will be fitted to some large crocodiles In in future, A B c creawasposestnathemanostotndsame|SSSC*i oom 3 when he went on a wilderness trail. wi A Greg describes himself as becoming more 42 | during the third B fc week of his trip. D Sa During the fourth week of his trip, Greg taught 43 Jina A village school. B c D Greg thinks that sharing 14 | with local villagers taught him wi most about their culture. k B c D 70uth Africa. of the trip. 85 sighted. odiles in future. to eat the third cof his trip. age school. nt him peir culture. Listening will hear part of an interview with two board game enthusiasts called Sarah Walters and Ed ‘about the renewed popularity of traditional board games. For questions 18-20, choose the (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear, Sarah thinks board games are becoming more popular partly A asa consequence of their basic simplicity. B —_asareaction to the dominance of technology. © because they mirror already popular gaming activities. 1D _ because people are constantly searching for new hobbies. Ed thinks game playing will grow in this century ‘A _asaresult of people having more leisure time. B —_asaway of enhancing personal relationships. —_as.ameans of coping with increasingly stressful ives. D__asareflection of fundamental changes taking place in society. In Sarah's opinion, what is the main attraction of board games? ‘A the challenges they pose to players B__the memories they evoke of the past the environment in which they take place 1D _the competitive element in the way they are played When asked if board: gaming is a world-wide phenomenon, Ed ‘A explains a trend which is likely to change. B__highiights the importance of advertising and marketing. © mentions the huge variety of games available globally, D emphasises the differences that exist between parts of the world. Sarah sees the Game of the Year award as A auseful marketing tool B crucial as a way of promoting variety. © _ important in keeping consumers informed. D positive development for younger players. When talking about their own collections of board games, Ed and Sarah agree that ‘some are likely to prove an investment. many are beautifully manufactured, collectors sometimes regret their purchases. throwing games away isn't advisable. com>Test 3 SPEAK There are necessan introduce Part 4 (2 The interi for some about e.g respond t Part 2 (a ‘the seco! You are ec partner he The inte minute. 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