lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

sIff !)
clgjfo{ ul0ft
k[i7kf]if0f k|flKtsf
nflu

g]kfn ;/sf/
lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno
kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|
;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/
1
 k|sfzs M g]kfn ;/sf/
lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno
kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|
;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/

© kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|

k|yd ;+:s/0f M lj=;++= @)*!

-of] lzIfs lgb]{lzsf kf7\oj|mdn] tf]s]sf ljifout l;sfO pknlAw k"/f ug{ tyf kf7\ok':tssf lj|mofsnfksf]
;xhLs/0fdf lzIfsnfO{ dbt k'uf];\ eGg] x]t'n] ljsf; ul/Psf] xf] . o;nfO{ cem /fd|f] agfpg k|of]ustf{sf
;'emfj eP s]Gb|sf] ;dGjo tyf ;Dkfbg zfvfdf pknAw u/fpg'x'g cg'/f]w 5 . _
 xfd|f] egfO
lzIf0f Pp6f snf xf] . kf7\oj|md lzIf0f l;sfOsf] d"n cfwf/ xf] . kf7\ok':ts ljBfyL{df ck]lIft bIftf ljsf;
ug]{ Ps d'Vo ;fwg xf] . oxL kf7\ok':tssf] ;kmn / cy{k"0f{ sfof{Gjogsf nflu lzIfsnfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug]{ ;fdu|L
lzIfs lgb]{lzsf xf] . o; kIfnfO{ b[li6ut ub}{ kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|n] ljBfno lzIffnfO{ Jofjxfl/s, ;do;fk]If
/ u'0f:t/Lo agfpg] p2]Zon] kf7\oj|md tyf kf7\ok':tssf] ljsf; tyf kl/dfh{g sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbFb} cfPsf]
5 . dfWolds txsf] lzIffn] ljBfyL{df ul0ftLo cjwf/0ff / l;k Pjd\ hLjgf]kof]uL l;ksf] ljsf;sf ;fy}
JolStut :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL afgLsf] ljsf; ug]{ cj;/ k|bfg ug{'k5{ . cfwf/e"t lzIffsf dfWodaf6
ljBfyL{n] k|fs[lts tyf ;fdflhs jftfj/0fk|lt ;r]t eO{ cg'zf;g, ;bfrf/ / :jfjnDag h:tf ;fdflhs Pjd\
rfl/lqs u'0fsf] ljsf; ug'{k5{ . o;n] lj1fg, jftfj/0f / ;"rgf k|ljlw;DaGwL cfwf/e"t 1fgsf] ljsf; u/fO{
snf tyf ;f}Gbo{k|lt cle?lr hufpg'k5{ . zf/Ll/s tGb'?:tL, :jf:Yos/ afgL Pjd\ l;h{gfTdstfsf] ljsf; tyf
hfthflt, wd{, efiff, ;+:s[lt, If]qk|lt ;Ddfg / ;defjsf] ljsf; klg cfwf/e"t lzIffsf ck]lIft kIf x'g\ . b}lgs
hLjgdf cfOkg]{ Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿sf] klxrfg u/L ;dfwfgsf pkfosf] vf]hL ug'{ klg cfwf/e"t txsf]
lzIffsf cfjZos kIf x'g\ . oL ;a} kIfsf] ;xh k|flKtsf nflu lzIf0f ug{ lzIfsnfO{ plrt lgb]{zg lbg] sfo{
lzIfs lgb]{lzsfn] ug]{ ePsfn ;f]sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu o; lgb]{lzsfsf] ljsf; ul/Psf] xf] .
o; lzIfs lgb]{lzsfsf] n]vg tyf ;Dkfbg >L ljgf]bk|;fb kGt, >L dbg l/hfn, >L pQdk|;fb kGt,
8f=Zofdk|;fb cfrfo{ / >L /fdrGb| 9sfnaf6 ePsf] xf] . lgb]{lzsfnfO{{ o; ¿kdf Nofpg] sfo{df s]Gb|sf
dxflgb]{zs >L Odgf/fo0f >]i7 / >L j}s'G7k|;fb cof{n, ljifo ;ldltsf kbflwsf/L k|f=8f= xl/k|;fb pkfWofo,
>L k|ldnf avtL, >L 1fg]Gb| jg, >L gjLg kf}8\ofn, >L ;Togf/fo0f dxh{g / >L cg'kdf zdf{sf] of]ubfg /x]sf]
5 . o;}u/L >L jf;'b]j j:tL, >L /fh'sfGt cfrfo{, >L nf]sk|;fb sfk\mn] / >L OGb|dl0f >]i7af6 /rgfTds
;'emfj k|fKt ePsf] 5 . o; lgb]{lzsfsf] efiff ;Dkfbg >L lrgfs'df/L lg/f}nfaf6 / snf ;Dkfbg >L >Lxl/
>]i7af6 ePsf] xf] . o; lgb]{lzsfsf] ljsf; tyf ;Dkfbg sfo{df ;+nUg ;a}k|lt kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb| wGojfb
k|s6 ub{5 .
o;df kf7\oj|md tyf kf7\ok':tsdf lgb]{z ul/Psf l;sfO ;Ifstf, l;sfO pknlAw, ljifoj:t'sf] ljZn]if0f tyf
l;sfO ;xhLs/0fsf j|mddf lzIfsn] ckgfpg'kg]{ ljlw / tl/sf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o;af6 l;sfO afns]lGb|t,
l;sfOs]lGb|t, cg'ejs]lGb|t, p2]Zod"ns, k|of]ud'vL / lj|mofsnfkdf cfwfl/t x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . o;df
lbOPsf lj|mofsnfknfO{ lzIfsn] cfwf/sf ¿kdf pkof]u u/L pTkfbgd"ns lj|mofsnfksf dfWodaf6 ljBfyL{sf]
1fg, l;k / wf/0fsf] ljsf; u/fO{ l;s]sf ljifoj:t'nfO{ k|of]lus agfpg ;Sg] 5g\ eGg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .
l;sfO ;xhLs/0fsf j|mddf lzIfsnfO{ lg/Gt/ ;xof]u k'¥ofcf];\ eGg] x]t'n] o; lgb]{lzsfsf] ljsf; ul/Psf] 5
. sIffdf ;a} k|sf/sf Ifdtf ePsf ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO pknlAwnfO{ j}olSts ¿kd} cfsng ug{ ;xh xf];\ eGg]
Wo]o o; lgb]{lzsfsf] /x]sf] 5 . l;sfO / ljBfyL{sf] hLjGt cg'ejlar tfbfTDo sfod ub}{ o;sf] ;xh k|of]u
ug{ lzIfsn] ;xhstf{, pTk|]/s, k|jw{s / vf]hstf{sf ¿kdf e"ldsfsf] ck]Iff o; lgb]{lzsfn] u/]sf]] 5 . o;
lgb]{lzsfnfO{ c´ kl/is[t kfg{sf nflu lzIfs, ljBfyL{, cleefjs, a'l4hLjL Pjd\ ;Dk"0f{ kf7sx¿sf] ;d]t
ljz]if e"ldsf /xg] x'Fbf ;Da4 ;a}sf] /rgfTds ;'´fjsf nflu kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb| xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5 .

kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|

 kl/ro
o; lgb]{lzsfdf lzIf0f lj|mofsnfk ;~rfng ubf{ kf7\oj|mdn] tf]s]sf l;sfO pknlAw / ul0ftLo l;k ljsf;
u/fpg] lsl;dsf lj|mofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] u/L kf7\ok':tssf k|To]s k[i7df ug{ ;lsg] ;Defljt
lj|mofsnfkx¿ lbOPsf 5g\ . ul0ftLo l;k ljsf;sf nflu kl/of]hgf sfo{df cfwfl/t vf]h ljlw, k|of]ufTds
ljlw, :ynut cjnf]sg cflb h:tf ljBfyL{nfO{ u/]/ l;Sg] vfnsf ljlwsf] cnfjf ;d:of ;dfwfg ljlwsf] rog
ug'{kg]{ s'/fnfO{ o; lgb]{lzsfn] cfTd;ft\ u/]sf] 5 . k|To]s PsfOdf kf7\ok':tsdf lbOPsf kf7df cfwfl/t eO{
kl/ro, lzIf0f of]hgf ÷kf7\of+z ljefhg tflnsf ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . ;fy} sfo{306fcg';f/ k|To]s lbgsf nlfu
l;sfO pknlAw, z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L, lj|mofsnfk, d"Nofª\sgsf ljljw kIf pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ . o;df lbOPsf
lj|mofsnfk gd'gf dfq x'g\, lzIfsn] logs} cfwf/df a9LeGbf a9L cEof; lj|mofsnfk, sIffsfo{ u/fP/ ul0ftLo
bIftf ljsf; ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
lgb]{lzsf k|of]u ;DaGwdf
1. o; lgb]{lzsfdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf lj|mofsnfkafx]s cGo yk lj|mofsnfk cfjZos b]lvPdf ;f]xLcg';f/ b}lgs
kf7 of]hgf agfpg ;lsg] 5 .
2. o; lgb]{lzsfdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf lj|mofsnfkx¿ lzIf0f l;sfOsf j|mddf lj|mofsnfk 5gf]6 ubf{ ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg] k|of]hgsf nflu tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . To;}n] o;df k|:t't ul/Psf lj|mofsnfkx¿ gd'gf jf pbfx/0f
dfq ePsfn] lzIfsn] cfkm\gf] kl/j]zcg'¿k lj|mofsnfkx¿ yk ug{ / kl/dfh{g ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
3. o; lzIfs lgb]{lzsfdf kf7sf nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] sfo{306f cg'dflgt ePsf] x'Fbf lzIfsx¿n] lzIf0f l;sfOsf
j|mddf o;nfO{ kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg'x'g] 5 .
4. kf7ut ljifoj:t' lzIf0fsf nlfu plNnlvt z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|Lsf] ;6\6f :yfgLo ¿kdf pknAw x'g ;Sg] pko'St
;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
5. ljBfyL{sf] d"Nofª\sgnfO{ l;sfO ;xhLs/0f lj|mofsnfksf] cleGg cª\usf ¿kdf ;dfj]z u/L l;sfO ;'wf/
/ ljsf;sf nflu lg/Gt/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug]{ dfWodsf ¿kdf ljsf; ug'{kb{5 .
6. s'g} kf7 tyf PsfO lzIf0fkZrft\ k|fKt ug'{kg]{ pknlAwdf cfwfl/t eO{ ljBfyL{sf] k/LIf0f ug]{ / k/LIf0fsf]
glhtfsf cfwf/df l;sfOdf sdhf]/ b]lvPsf ljBfyL{nfO{ ;'wf/fTds l;sfO lj|mofsnfkdf ;xefuL u/fO{
pgLx¿s} ultdf l;sfO ug]{ / ;'wf/ ug]{ cj;/ k|bfg ug'{kb{5 .
7. k|To]s lbg l;sfO ;xhLs/0fsf] j|mddf ljBfyL{ lj|mofsnfksf] cjnf]sg ub}{ ljBfyL{nfO{ lbOPsf]
lhDd]jf/Lcg';f/ lgwf{l/t lj|mofsnfkx¿df ljBfyL{n] cjnf]sg ug]{, k|of]u tyf k/LIf0f ug]{, zf]wvf]h ug]{
h:tf l;kx¿ k|b{zg u/] gu/]sf] x]/]/ n]vfhf]vf ug'{kb{5 .
8. ljBfyL{sf] sfo{sf cfwf/df l;sfOsf nflu d"Nofª\sg tyf cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sg k|of]hg;d]tsf nflu k|To]s
ljBfyL{sf] k|ultsf] clen]v /fVg'kb{5 . pSt clen]vsf] cfwf/df l;sfOdf sl7gfO tyf ;d:of ePsf
ljBfyL{ klxrfg u/L yk ;xof]usf nflu lg/Gt/ ¿kdf cfjZos k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{kg]{ 5 .
9. ljBfyL{sf] b}lgs l;sfO n]vfhf]vfsf nflu cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sg dfkb08, @)*) df lbOPsf cfwf/x¿ tyf
?la|S;sf] k|of]u ug'{kg]{ 5 .
10. k|To]s lbgsf] l;sfO lj|mofsnfk u/fpg] j|mddf l;sfOdf ;d:of b]lvPsf ljBfyL{x¿sf nflu yk ;xof]u
ug{ k|ltefjfg\ ljBfyL{nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ tyf ;xof]ufTds / ;xsfo{ k4ltcg';f/ ;xhLs/0f ug'{k5{ .
11. zf/Ll/s sdhf]/L jf ljz]if Ifdtf ePsf ljBfyL{sf nflu Go"gtd l;sfO ;'lglzrt ug{ pko'St d"Nofª\sgsf
;fwg ljsf; u/L l;sfOsf] n]vfhf]vf ug'{kg]{ 5 .
12. l;sfO ;xof]u cfjZostf ePsf ljBfyL{nufot ;a} ljBfyL{sf xsdf Go"gtd l;sfO pknlAw xfl;n ePsf]
;'lglZrttf geP;Dd k[i7kf]if0fnfO{ lg/Gt/tf (Scaffolding) lbg'kg]{ 5 .
13. ljBfyL{ l;sfOsf nflu cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sg dfkb08, @)*) df Joj:yf ePadf]lhd ljBfyL{sf] cfGtl/s
d"Nofª\sgsf] clen]vnfO{ k|To]s ljBfyL{sf] sfo{;~rlosf (Portfolio) df Jojl:yt u/L clen]vLs/0f ug'{xf];\
.
14. k|To]s PsfOsf] cGTodf lbOPsf cEof;sf k|ZgnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ tyf PsfO k/LIff lnO{ ;du| PsfOsf]
d"Nofª\sg ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
15. x/]s PsfOdf d"Nofª\sgsf ;fwg tyf lj|mofsnfknfO{ k|of]u ubf{ /rgfTds ;f]r, ;d:of ;dfwfg, l;sfO
tyf ;~rf/ l;knufotsf Jojxf/s'zn l;ksf] ljsf;df dbt k'Ug] kIfdf ljz]if hf]8 lbg'kg]{ 5 .
16. kl/of]hgf sfo{ ljBfyL{ cfkm}Fn] jf:tljs ;+;f/df u/]/ l;Sg] (learning by doing) l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t x'g]
ePsf] x'Fbf kf7\oj|md tyf kf7\ok':tsdf lbOPsf kl/of]hgf sfo{ ;~rfngsf nflu of]hgf agfpg'kg]{ 5 .
pSt of]hgfdf ljifoj:t'sf] k|s[ltcg';f/ lzIfssf] ;xof]u, cleefjssf] ;xof]u, tyf ljBfyL{n] JolStut
¿kdf jf ;d"xdf ug'{kg]{ xf] ;f]sf] ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . o;sf cnfjf pSt kl/of]hgf sfo{ slt ;dodf
;DkGg ug'{kg]{ xf], sIffdf s'g lbg k|:t'tLs/0f ug'{kg]{ xf] / pSt kl/of]hgf sfo{nfO{ cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sg;Fu
hf]8\g'kg]{ kIf;d]t ;d]6\g'kg]{ 5 .
17. sIffdf lbOPsf sfo{df pTs[i6 ug]{ ljBfyL{nfO{ k|To]ssf nflu d]l/6 lr6 k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf u/L jif{el/df
h'g ljBfyL{n] ;a} eGbf a9L d]l/6 lr6 k|fKt u/]sf] x'G5 p;nfO{ k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf ug]{ h:tf sfo{ u/L
ljBfyL{nfO{ l;sfOdf pTk|]l/t ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
18. ul0ftLo cjwf/0ffx¿ lzIf0f ubf{ ljBfyL{ kl/lrt 7f]; j:t'x¿sf] k|of]u, j:t'sf] lrq, pbfx/0f, ljBfyL{sf
cg'ej, 36gfaf6 ;'? ug'{kb{5 .
19. ul0ftLo ljifoj:t'sf] gofF cjwf/0ffsf nflu j|mdzM 7f]; (concrete), lrq (pictorial) / ;ª\s]t
(abstract) r/0f k|of]u u/L lzIf0f ug'{ kb{5 .
20. ul0ftdf cfjZostf cg';f/ Three stages instructional approach k|of]u ug'{k5{ . s'g} klg kf7 ;'? ubf{
sfo{kfgf (Worksheet) jf ;DalGwt ljifosf] ;d:of lbP/ olStut ¿kdf sfo{ ug{ k'Ug] u/L s]xL ;do lbg],
hf]8Ldf jf ;d"xdf sfd ug{ s]xL ;do k'gM lbg] / b'j} r/0fdf sfd ul/;s]kl5 dfq lzIfsn] cfjZos
k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug]{ u/L tLg r/0fdf lzIf0f ug{ ;s]df ljBfyL{df pTkfbgd"ns k|of;af6 l;Sg] cj;/ k|fKt
x'G5 . of] ljlw gofF cjwf/0ffsf ;d:ofx¿df dl:tis dGyg u/fpg, ljBfyL{sf] l;h{gzLntf ljsf; u/fpg,
;d:of ;dfwfgsf /0fgLltdf ljljlws/0f Nofpg / kl/sNkgf agfO{ ljBfyL{n] cfkm}F k/LIf0f ug{ cj;/ k|bfg
x'G5 . o; /0fgLltdf ljBfyL{ l;sfOdf ;w} ;lj|mo /xg] x'gfn] ljBfyL{af6 k"0f{ k|of; kl5dfq lzIfsn]
;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf nflu ;xhLs/0f cEof; u/fpg' ug'{k5{ .
 ljifo ;"rL

kf7 1 ;d"x (Sets) ........................................................................................................................... 1

kf7 2 rj|mLo Aofh (Compound Interest) .................................................................................... 30
kf7 3 j[l4 / x|f; (Growth and Depreciation) ......................................................................... 55
kf7 4 d'b|f / ljlgdo b/ (Currency and Exchange Rate) ........................................................ 76
kf7 5 If]qkmn / cfotg (Area and Volume) .............................................................................. 86
kf7 6 cg'j|md / >]0fL (Sequence and Series) ........................................................................... 121
kf7 7 ju{ ;dLs/0f (Quadratic Equation) ............................................................................... 149
kf7 8 aLlho leGg (Algebraic Fraction) .................................................................................. 175
kf7 9 3ftfª\s (Indices) ............................................................................................................. 186
kf7 10 lqe'h / rt'e'{hx¿ (Triangle and Quadrilaterals) ...................................................... 202
kf7 11 /rgf (Construction) .................................................................................................... 220
Kff7 12 j[Q (Circle).................................................................................................................... 237
kf7 13 tYofª\szf:q (Statistics) ................................................................................................ 257
kf7 14 ;DefJotf (Probability) ................................................................................................. 283
kf7 15 lqsf]0fldlt (Trigonometry) .......................................................................................... 303
cg';"rL ......................................................................................................................................... 317
 kf7 1
;d"x (Sets)
kl/ro
ul0ftdf ;d"xsf lj|mof / ;d"xsf] u0fgfTdstfdf ;+of]hg, k|ltR5]bg, leGgtf / k"/sx¿ ;dfj]z
5g h;n] xfdLnfO{ ;d"xx¿sf] t'ngf ug{ / ljZn]if0f ug{] sfo{df ;xof]u ub{5 . ;+of]hg lj|mofdf
b'O{ jf tLg ;d"xx¿sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ gbf]xf]l/g] u/L ;ª\sng ul/G5 . k|ltR5]bg lj|mof ;dfg
;b:ox¿sf] ;d"x tof/ ul/G5 . b'O{ ;d"xsf] leGgtfdf cluNnf] ;d"xdf dfq ePsf ;b:ox¿
;dfj]z ul/G5 . ;d"xsf] k"/s lj|mofdf lbOPsf] ;d"xafx]ssf ;j{JofkL ;d"xsf afFsL ;b:ox¿
;ª\sng ug]{ sfo{ ul/G5 . ;d"x;DaGwL ljleGg sfo{x¿ a'e\mg / o;sf ljleGg ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿
;dfwfg ug{ oL cjwf/0ffx¿ cfjZos 5g\ . o:tf ;d"xsf lj|mofx¿ ;Defjgf, tYofª\s ;ª\sng,
sDKo'6/ lj1fg h:tf ljleGg If]qx¿df k|of]u x'g] ub{5 .
;d"xsf] Uf0fgfTdstfn] ;DalGwt ;d"xsf ;b:ox¿sf] ;ª\Vof a'emfpF5 . ;d"x lj|mofsf
lj|mofsnfkx¿df u0fgfTdstfsf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] x'G5 h;n] ;d"xx¿sf lardf ;DaGwx¿
:yfkgf ug{ dbt ub{5 . o;sf] k|of]u ljleGg If]qx¿df h:t}M SofNs'n;, aLhul0ft, tYofª\s
ljZn]if0f cflbdf eO/x]sf] kfOG5 . o; kf7df ljleGg b'O{ tyf tLg leGg ;d"x x¿larsf] ;d"x
lj|mof tyf ltgLx¿sf] u0fgfTdstf;DaGwL ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug]{ sfo{ ul/g] 5 .
o; kf7sf nflu kf7\oj|mdn] tf]s]sf l;sfO pknlAw lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5 M
-s_ ;d"xsf lj|mofx¿, e]glrq / u0fgfTdstfsf] k|of]u u/L tLgcf]6f;Dd ;d"x;Fu ;DaGwL
Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ .
o; kf7sf nflu kf7\oj|mdn] cg'dflgt hDdf 12 306fsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . t;y{ o; kf7cGtu{t
;dfj]z kf7of+zsf] ljefhg lgDgfg';f/ ul/Psf] 5 M
cg'dflgt kf7\ok':tssf]
j|m=;= kf7\oj:t'
306f ;DalGwt k[i7
b'O{ ;d"xx¿larsf] u0fgfTdstfsf cfwf/df ;DaGw
1. 2 1 – 2, 8
lgdf{0f / e]glrq k|:t'lt
b'O{ ;d"xx¿larsf] u0fgfTdstf;Fu ;DaGwL
2. 2 3–4,8
;fdfGo zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg
b'O{ ;d"xx¿larsf] u0fgfTdstf;Fu k|ltzt /
3. 1 5 – 7, 10 – 11
cg'kft ;dfj]z ePsf ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg
tLg ;d"xx¿larsf] u0fgfTdstfsf cfwf/df
4. 2 13 – 15, 20
;DaGw lgdf{0f / / e]glrq k|:t'lt
tLg ;d"xx¿larsf] u0fgfTdstf;Fu ;DaGwL
5. 3 16 – 19, 20 – 21
zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg
6. ;d"x;DaGwL Jofjfxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ 2
hDdf 12

1
l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ubf{ ;Defljt unt a'emfO tyf cjwf/0ffx¿
- b'O{ jf tLg ;d"xx¿sf] ;+of]hgdf ;femf ;ª\Vof jf u0fgf / k|ltR5]bg lj|mofdf ;a}
;ª\Vofx¿ jf u0fgf pNn]v ug]{
- ;d"x lj|mofx¿sf ljleGg ul0ftLo ;ª\s]tx¿ ∪, ∩ / k"/sx¿sf] plrt klxrfg / k|of]u
ug{ ;d:of x'g]
- ;d"xx¿sf] hfgsf/L lbOPsf] hDdf dfg ;d"xx¿sf] ;+of]hg xf] jf ;j{JofkL ;d"x xf] eGg]
klxrfgdf ;d:of
- lbOPsf hfgsf/Lx¿ e]g lrqdf plrt ¿kdf k|:t't ug{ ;d:of x'g]
- s]jn, dfq, afx]s, sd;]sd, a9Ldf h:tf kbfjnLn] s'g ;d"x lj|mof hgfpF5 egL
klxrfg ug{

klxnf] / bf];|f] lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ b'O{ ;d"xnfO{ e]glrqdf k|:t't u/L To;sf ljleGg efux¿sf] klxrfg / gfds/0f ug{

-v_ b'O{ ;d"xx¿sf] u0fgfTdstf lgsfNg, ltgLx¿larsf] cfk;L ;DaGw kQf nufpg

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
3]/f agfpgsf nflu ljleGg /ªsf rs jf r'gf, dfs{/x¿, ljleGg ;ª\Vofx¿sf ;d"xx¿ pNn]v
ul/Psf ;;fgf k]k/x¿ / Pp6f a6\6f , A4 k]k/x¿, 6]k , ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿, s}FrL

k"j{1fg k'g/fj[lQ lj|mofsnfk

ljBfyL{lar s]xL ;do tnsf k|Zgx¿ 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ / cfjZostfg';f/ lj|mofsnfkdf
;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ olb s'g} b'O{ ;d"xx¿ Pscfk;df vlK6Psf 5}gg\ eg] k|ltR5]bgsf] dfg slt x'G5 <
-v_ olb U = {1, 2, 3, …….., 20} , A = { lahf]/ ;ª\Vofx¿sf] ;d"x } / B = { ¿9 ;ª\Vofx¿sf]
;d"x eP oL b'O{ ;d"xx¿sf ;femf ;b:ox¿sf] ;ª\Vof slt xf]nf <
-u_ olb U = {1, …….., 20} , P = { 5 sf ckjTo{x¿sf] ;d"x } / Q = { 12 sf u'0fgv08
;ª\Vofx¿sf] ;d"x eP oL b'O{ ;d"xx¿sf ;femf ;b:ox¿sf] ;ª\Vof slt xf]nf <
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ ljBfnosf] s'g} v'nf 7fpF jf rp/df rs jf r'gfsf] dbtn] rp/df Pp6f 7'nf] cfotfsf/
3]/f agfpg'xf];\ hxfF ljBfyL{ /fd|/L c6fpg ;s'g\ .
-v_ pSt 7'nf]] cfotfsf/ 3]/fsf] leqk6\l6 lrqdf b]vfP h:t} u/L b'O{cf]6f uf]nfsf/ vlK6Psf
3]/fx¿ km/s km/s /ªn] agfpg'xf];\ .
-u_ b'O{cf]6} uf]nfsf/ 3]/fx¿ vlK6Psf] efunfO{
xl/of] jf c¿ s'g} /ªn] 3]/f nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ x/]sn] ljBfyL{nfO{ Ps Pscf]6f A4 k]k/df 7'nf]]
cIf/df cfcfk\mgf] /f]n gDa/ n]Vg nufO{
cfcfk\mgf] lk7\o'Fdf 6fF:g nufpg'xf];\ .
-ª_ ;a} ljBfyL{nfO{ cfcfk\mgf] sfkL / snd ;fydf lnO{ pSt 7'nf]] cfotfsf/ 3]/fleq pleg
nufpg'xf];\ . -dfgf}F sIffdf 25 hgf ljBfyL{ 5g\ . _
-r_ lj|mofsnfksf] ;'?cftdf ;a} ljBfyL{nfO{ pSt uf]nfsf/ 3]/fx¿ aflx/ pleg nufpg'xf];\ .
o; j|mddf x/]s ljBfyL{nfO{ ;j{Jofks ;d"x ‘U’ leq ePsf ;ª\Vofx¿ cfcfk\mgf] sfkLdf
l6Kg nufpg'xf];\ . _
-5_ ca a6\6fleqaf6 gx]/Lsg kfn}kfnf] b'O{cf]6f sfuh lgsfnL cfPsf ;d"xx¿ eGg'xf];\ .
h:t} M klxnf] sfuhdf – ¿9 ;ª\Vofsf] ;d"x (P)
bf];|f] sfuhdf – 18 nfO{ lgMz]if efu hfg] ;ª\Vofx¿sf] ;d"x (E)

-h_ dfly elgPsf ;ª\Vofx¿dWo] cfk\mgf] /f]n gDa/ ePsf ljBfyL{ tL ljleGg /ªx¿sf
3]/fx¿leq k7fpg'xf];\ / afFsL ljBfyL{nfO{ ToxLF cfotfsf/ 3]/fleq g} pleg nufpg'xf];\ .
-em_ ljBfyL{ s;/L 3]/fx¿df a:5g\ ;f] cjnf]sg u/L cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
-`_ ca ljBfyL{nfO{ uf]nfdf ePsf ;ª\Vofx¿sf] ;Dk"0f{ hfgsf/L l6kf]6 ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-6_ o:t} k|sf/sf lj|mofsnfkx¿ 4 jf 5 k6s km/s km/s ;d"xdf u/fpg'xf];\ .
-7_ sIffdf cfO{ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;d"xdf /fvL pSt lj|mofsnfkx¿af6 cfPsf tYofª\sx¿nfO{
;'?df ;"rLs/0f ljlwaf6 / kl5 u0fgfTds ljlwaf6 n]Vg nufO{ e]g lrqdf klg tof/ ug{
nufpg'xf];\ .
h:t} M

-c_ ;b:ox¿ ;"rLs[t ul/Psf] e]glrq

-cf_ ;d"xx¿sf] u0fgfTdstf b]vfOPsf] e]glrq
d"Nofª\sg
-c_ bf];|f] lrqdf ePsf ;Dk"0f{ v08x¿sf] ;ª\s]t;lxt u0fgfTds dfg klg n]Vg'xf];\ .
-cf_ bf];|f] lrqdf n(P ∪ E) / n(P̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
∪ E) sf] dfgdf s]xL km/s cfPsf] 5 jf 5}g < cfPsf] 5

eg] sltn] km/s cfPsf] 5 <

lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps Pscf]6f A4 k]k/df tLgcf]6f vlK6Psf ;d"xx¿ ;j{JofkL ;d"x ‘U’
leq
agfpg nufO{ k|To]s v08sf ;ª\s]tx¿ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .

-u_ e]g lrqaf6 s'g} Ps dfq cj:yfsf ¿kdf n]lvPsf ;ª\s]tx¿nfO{ ;fwf/0f ¿kdf JoSt ug{
 nufpg'xf];\ M
∴ no (A) = n(A) − n(A ∩ B)
∴ no (B) = n(B) − n(A ∩ B)
-3_ e]g lrqsf] ;xfotfn] n(A ∪ B) lgsfnL -u_ df ePsf ;DaGwx¿ k|of]u u/L n(A ∪ B) sf]
;"q lgsfNg nufpg'xf];\ M
n(A ∪ B) = no (A) + no (B) + n(A ∩ B)

= {n(A) − n(A ∩ B)} + {n(B) − n(A ∩ B)} + n(A ∩ B)

= n(A) + n(B) − n(A ∩ B)

∴ n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) − n(A ∩ B)

∴ 𝐧(𝐀 ∪ 𝐁) = 𝐧(𝐀) + 𝐧(𝐁) − 𝐧(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁)

To:t}u/L tnsf] ;DaGw k|dfl0ft ug'{xf];\ .

∴ n(U) = n(A ∪ B) + n̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
(A ∪ B) x'G5 .

d"Nofª\sg
lbOPsf tn pNn]v ul/Psf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg
ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
-c_ olb ;d"xx¿ A / B Pscfk;df gvlK6Psf eP n(A ∪ B) kQf nufpg] ;"q s] x'G5, xf]nf <
-cf_ olb n(U) = 145, n(A) = 75, n(B) = 81 / n(A ∩ B) = 18 eP n(A ∪ B) / n(̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
A ∪ B)

sf] dfg kQf nufO{ pSt hfgsf/LnfO{ e]g lrqdf klg k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 8 sf] cEof; 1.1 sf] k|Zg g= 1 b]lv 3 ;Ddsf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .
 t];|f] / rf}yf] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ b'O{ ;d"xx¿;Fu ;DalGwt zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]Vgsf nflu ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿
lj|mofsnfk – 1

olb b'O{cf]6f ;d"xx¿ A / B Pscsf{;Fu cnlUuPsf 5g\ eg] pSt ;DaGwnfO{ e]glrqdf k|:t't
ul/ ljleGg ;d"x lj|mofx¿ klg n]Vg'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf Ps÷Pscf]6f rf6{k]k/x¿ ljt/0f ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgx¿sf] ;dfwfg cfcfk\mgf] sfkLdf n]Vg
nufpg'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1= lbOPsf] e]g lrq cWoog u/L ;f]lwPsf
k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ M
-c_ ;d"xx¿ A / B sf ;b:ox¿ ;"rLs/0f
ljlwaf6 n]vL ltgLx¿sf] ;b:o ;ª\Vof klg pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .
-cf_ ;d"x A sf dfq ;b:ox¿ ;"rLs/0f ljlwaf6 n]vL To;sf] ;b:of ;ª\Vof klg n]Vg'xf];\ .
-O_ ;d"x B sf dfq ;b:ox¿ ;"rLs/0f ljlwaf6 n]vL To;sf] ;b:of ;ª\Vof klg n]Vg'xf];\ .
-O{_ ;j{JofkL ;d"x U sf ;b:ox¿ ;"rLs/0f ljlwaf6 n]vL To;sf] ;b:o ;ª\Vof klg pNn]v
ug'{xf];\ .
2= olb ;j{JofkL ;d"x U sf b'O{ pk;d"xx¿ P / Q vlK6Psf 5g\ / j|mdzM n(P) = 75,
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ = 7 / n(P∩Q) = 8 eP,
n(Q) = 68 , n(PUQ)

-c_ n(P∪Q) dfg kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

-cf_ n(U) dfg slt x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ no (P) / no (Q) sf] dfgx¿ kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-ª_ tf]lsPsf] ;dokl5 k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ 5nkmnaf6 k|fKt ePsf] ;dfwfg k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 3

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf Ps÷Pscf]6f rf6{k]k/x¿ ljt/0f ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgx¿sf] ;dfwfg cfcfk\mgf] sfkLdf n]Vg
nufpg'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1= s]xL dflg;x¿sf] ;d"xdf ul/Psf] ;j]{If0fcg';f/ 135 hgf lrof lkpg, 107 hgf skmL /
53 hgf b'j} lkpg dg k/fpF5g\ eg],
-c_ lbOPsf] tYofª\snfO{ e]g lrqdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
-cf_ slt dflg;x¿ sDtLdf Psyf]s lkpg dg k/fpF5g\ <
-O_ slt k|ltzt dflg;x¿ Ps k|sf/sf] dfq k]okbfy{ lkpg dg k/fpF5g\ <
;dfwfg
dfgf}F T / C n] j|mdzM lrof / skmL lkpg dg k/fpg] dflg; hgfpF5 .
∴ n(T) = 135 hgf n(C) = 107 hgf n(T∩C) = 53 hgf

lbOPsf] tYofª\snfO{ e]g lrqdf k|:t't ubf{,

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
n(T∪C) = n(T) + n(C) - n(T∩C)
= 135 + 107 – 53
= 189 hgf dflg;x¿ sDtLdf Ps k]okbfy{ lkpg dg k/fpF5g\ .
k]ml/,
no (T) + no (C) = n(T) - n(T∩C) + n(C) - n(T∩C)
= 135 – 53 + 107 – 53
 = 136 hgf
no (T) + no (C) 136
∴ × 100 % = × 100 % = 71.96 %
n(T∪C) 189

∴ 71.96 % dflg;x¿ Pp6fdfq k]okbfy{ lkpg dg k/fpF5g\ .

2= 300 hgf ljBfyL{df ul/Psf] ;j]{If0fcg';f/ 147 hgf kf]v/f dfq 3'Dg dg k/fpF5g\ , 123

hgf n'lDagL dfq / 21 hgf oL b'j}dWo] s'g} klg 7fpF 3'Dg dg k/fpFb}gg\ eg]
-c_ lbOPsf] tYofª\snfO{ e]g lrqdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
-cf_ slt hgf ljBfyL{ sDtLdf s'g} Ps 7fpF 3'Dg dg k/fpF5g\ <
-O_ slt ljBfyL{ b'j} 7fpF 3'Dg dg k/fpF5g\ <
-O{_ slt k|ltzt ljBfyL{ kf]v/f 3'Dg dg k/fpF5g\ <
;dfwfg
dfgf}F P / L n] j|mdzM kf]v/f / n'lDagL 3'Dg dg k/fpg] ljBfyL{ hgfpF5 .
∴ no (P) = 147 hgf no (L) = 123 hgf ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ = 21 hgf
n(PUL)

n(U) = 300 hgf n(P∩L) = x hgf -dfgf}F_

-c_ lbOPsf] tYofª\snfO{ e]g lrqdf k|:t't ubf{,

-cf_ ;"qcg';f/,
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
n(U) = n(P ∪ L) + n(PUL)
⟹ 300 = n(P ∪ L) + 21
∴ n(P ∪ L) = 279 hgf ljBfyL{ sDtLdf s'g} Ps 7fpF
3'Dg dg k/fpF5g\ .
-O_ k]ml/,
n(P ∪ L) = no (P) + no (L) + n(P ∩ L)
⟹ 279 = 147 + 123 + 𝑥
⟹ 279 = 270 + 𝑥
∴ 𝑥 = n(P ∩ L) = 9 hgf ljBfyL{ b'j} 7fpF 3'Dg dg k/fpF5g\ .
-O{_ k]ml/,
n(P) = no (P) + n(T∩C)
 = 147 + 9
= 156 hgf
n(P) 156
∴ × 100 % = × 100 % = 52 %
n(U) 300

∴ 52 % ljBfyL{ kf]v/f 3'Dg dg k/fpF5g\ .

olb dflysf] k|ZgnfO{ dfly k|of]u ePs} e]g lrqsf] dbtaf6 ;dfwfg ug]{ xf] eg],
n(U) = 147 + 123 + x + 21
⟹ 300 = 291 + 𝑥
∴ 𝑥 = 9 = n(P ∩ L)

k'gM e]g lrqaf6,

n(P) = 147 + x

= 147 + 9
= 156 hgf
ca,
156
kf]v/f 3'Dg dg k/fpg] ljBfyL{sf] k|ltzt = × 100 %
300
= 52 %

d"Nofª\sg
lbOPsf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
olb sIffdf b'j} :yfgx¿ 3'Dg dg gk/fpg] sf]xL klg 5}gg\ eg] slt k|ltzt ljBfyL{ b'j} :yfg
3'Dg dg k/fpF5g\, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 8 sf] cEof; 1.1 sf] k|Zg g= 1 b]lv 5 ;Ddsf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .
 kfFrf}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ b'O{ ;d"x;Fu ;DalGwt k|ltzt / ;ª\Vof ldl>t zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{

-v_ b'O{ ;d"xx¿sf] cg'kft;Fu ;DalGwt zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]Vgsf nflu ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf Ps÷Pscf]6f rf6{k]k/x¿ ljt/0f ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgx¿sf] ;dfwfg cfcfk\mgf] sfkLdf n]Vg
nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ lj|mofsnfksf] j|mddf ;d"xx¿df cjnf]sg u/L cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0fsf] sfo{ ug'{xf];\ .

k|Zgx¿
1= Pp6f ;j]{If0fdf b'w xfn]sf] lrof 63 % dflg;n], 58 % n] lkmSsf lrof lkpg dg k/fpF5g\ .
olb 7 % dflg;n] lrof g} lkpg gk/fpg] kfOof] eg],
-c_ lbOPsf] tYofª\snfO{ e]g lrqdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
-cf_ slt k|ltzt dflg; b'j} k|sf/sf lrof lkpg dg k/fpF5g\ <
-O_ slt k|ltzt dflg; s'g} Psdfq k|sf/sf lrof lkpg dg k/fpF5g\ <
oxfF,
dfgf}F M / B n] j|mdzM b'w xfn]sf] / lkmSsf lrof dg k/fpg] dflg;x¿ hgfpF5 .
∴ n(M) = 63 % n(B) = 58 % ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ = 7 %
n(MUB)

n(U) = 100 % n(M∩B) = x % -dfgf}F_

-c_ lbOPsf] tYofª\snfO{ e]g lrqdf k|:t't ubf{,

-cf_ ;"qcg';f/,
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
n(U) = n(M ∪ B) + n(MUB)
⟹ 100 = n(M ∪ B) + 7
 ∴ n(M ∪ B) = 93 %
ca,
n(M ∪ B) = n(M) + n(B) − n(M ∩ B)

⟹ 93 = 63 + 58 − 𝑥

⟹ 93 = 121 − 𝑥

∴ 𝑥 = n(M ∩ B) = 28 % dflg;x¿ b'j} k|sf/sf lrof lkpg dg k/fpF5g\ .

-O_ k]ml/,
no (M) + no (B) = n(M) – n(M∩B) + n(B) – n(M∩B)
= 63 – 28 + 58 – 28
= 65 % dflg;x¿ s'g} Ps k|sf/sf] dfq lrof lkpg dg k/fpF5g\ .
dflysf] k|ZgnfO{ e]glrqsf] dbtaf6 ;dfwfg ubf{,
n(U) = (63 − 𝑥) + (58 − 𝑥) + 𝑥 + 7

⟹ 100 = 63 − 𝑥 + 58 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 7

⟹ 100 = 128 − 𝑥

∴ 𝑥 = 28

∴ n(M ∩ B) = 28 %

k]ml/,
no (M) + no (B) = (63 − 𝑥) + (58 − 𝑥)

= 63 – 28 + 58 – 28
= 65 % dflg;x¿ s'g} Ps k|sf/sf] dfq lrof lkpg dg k/fpF5g\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf Ps÷Pscf]6f rf6{k]k/x¿ ljt/0f ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{lar cfk;df 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgx¿sf] ;dfwfg cfcfk\mgf] sfkLdf n]Vg
nufpg'xf];\ . lj|mofsnfksf j|mddf ;d"xx¿df cjnf]sg u/L cfPsf k|ltlj|mofx¿df
cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0fsf] sfo{ ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1= 155 hgf dflg;x¿sf] ;d"xdf ul/Psf] Pp6f ;j]{If0fcg';f/ ;ª\uLt dfq / gfr dfq dg
 k/fpg]x¿sf] cg'kft 7 : 10 / 23 hgf dflg; b'j} dg k/fpF5g\ . olb 13 hgf dflg; oL
b'j} dgf]/~hgsf tl/sf dg k/fpFb}gg\ eg],
-c_ dflysf] tYofª\snfO{ e]g lrqdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
-cf_ gfr dg k/fpg] slt dflg; pSt ;d"xdf /x]5g\ <
-O_ :jtGq ¿kdf (Randomly) s'g} Ps JolStnfO{ 5fGbf pSt JolSt ;ª\uLt dg k/fpg] JolSt
5flgg] ;Defjgf slt x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
;dfwfg
dfgf}F M / D n] j|mdzM ;ª\uLt / gfr dg k/fpg] dflg;nfO{ hgfpF5 .
∴ no (M) = 7x hgf no (D) = 10x hgf ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ = 13 hgf
n(MUD)

n(T∩C) = 23 hgf n(U) = 155 hgf

-c_ lbOPsf] tYofª\snfO{ e]g lrqdf k|:t't ubf{,

-cf_ ;"qcg';f/,
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
n(U) = n(M ∪ D) +n(M U D)

⟹ 155 = n(M ∪ D) + 13
∴ n(M ∪ D) = 142 hgf
k]ml/,
n(M ∪ D) = no (M) + no (D) + n(M ∩ D)
⟹ 142 = 7𝑥 + 10𝑥 + 23
⟹ 142 = 17𝑥 + 23
⟹ 142 = 17𝑥
∴ 𝑥=7
ca,
n(D) = no (D) + n(M∩D)
= 10x + 23
 = 10 × 7 + 23
= 93 hgf dflg; gfr dg k/fpF5g\ .
-O_ oxfF,
n(M) = no (M) + n(M∩D)
= 7x + 23
= 7 × 7 + 23
= 72 hgf dflg; gfr dg k/fpF5g\ .
ca,
:jtGq ¿kdf (Randomly) s'g} Ps JolSt 5fGbf pSt JolSt ;ª\uLt dg k/fpg] JolSt
5flgg] ;Defjgf,
n(M) 72
P(M) = =
n(U) 155

2. Pp6f k/LIffdf ;lDdlnt s]xL ljBfyL{dWo] 80 % ul0ftdf pQL0f{ eP, 75 % lj1fgdf / 5%

b'j} ljifox¿df cg'QL0f{ eP . olb 300 hgf ljBfyL{ b'j} ljifodf pQL0f{ ePsf /x]5g\ eg]
-c_ dflysf] tYofª\snfO{ e]g lrqdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
-cf_ slt hgf ljBfyL{ sDtLdf Pp6f ljifodf pQL0f{ ePsf /x]5g\ <
-O_ slt hgf ljBfyL{ Pp6f ljifodf dfq pQL0f{ ePsf /x]5g\ <
-O{_ :jtGq ?kn] (Randomly) s'g} Ps ljBfyL{nfO{ 5fGbf lj1fg ljifodf pQL0f{ gePsf] ljBfyL{
kg]{ ;Defjgf slt x'G5 <
;dfwfg
dfgf}F M / S n] j|mdzM ul0ft / lj1fg ljifodf pQL0f{ ePsf ljBfyL{ hgfpF5 .
∴ n(M) = 80 % n(S) = 75 % ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ = 5 %
n(MUS)
n(U) = 100 % n(M∩B) = 300 hgf = x % -dfgf}F_

-c_ lbOPsf] tYofª\snfO{ e]g lrqdf k|:t't ubf{,

-cf_ ;"qcg';f/,
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
n(U) = n(M ∪ S) +n(M U S)

⟹ 100 = n(M ∪ S) + 5
∴ n(M ∪ S) = 95 %
ca,
n(M ∪ S) = n(M) + n(S) − n(M ∩ S)
⟹ 95 = 80 + 75 − 𝑥
⟹ 95 = 155 − 𝑥
∴ 𝑥 = n(M ∩ S) = 60 %
k|Zgcg';f/,
60 % = 300 hgf
300
⟹ 1% =
60
hgf
300
⟹ 95 % = (
60
× 95) hgf

= 475 hgf ljBfyL{ sDtLdf Pp6f ljifodf pQL0f{ ePsf /x]5g\ .

-O_ ;"qcg';f/,
no (M) + no (S) = n(M) – n(M∩S) + n(B) – n(M∩S)
= 85 – 60 + 75 – 60
= 40 %
k|Zgcg';f/,
60 % = 300 hgf
300
⟹ 1% = hgf
60
300
⟹ 40 % = (
60
× 40) hgf

= 200 hgf ljBfyL{ Pp6f dfq ljifodf pQL0f{ ePsf /x]5g\ .

-O{_ oxfF,
̅̅̅̅ = n(U) − n(S)
n(S)
 = 100 – 75
= 25 % pQ/ .

a}slNks pQ/M 25% nfO{ ;DefJotfsf :j?kdf AoSt ug]{ xf] eg] o; k|sf/ b]vfpg ;lsG5 M
:jtGq ¿kdf (Randomly) s'g} Ps ljBfyL{ 5fGbf pSt ljBfyL{ lj1fg ljifodf cg'QL0f{ ljBfyL{
5flgg] ;Defjgf,
n̅̅̅̅
(S) 25 1
̅̅̅̅ =
P(S) = = pQ/ .
n(U) 100 4

d"Nofª\sg
tn pNn]v ul/Psf ;d:of sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
3. Pp6f ;d"bfodf ul/Psf] ;j]{If0fcg';f/, 55 % n] udL{ df};d, 20 % n] hf8f] df};d dg
k/fpF5g\ . olb 40 % n] b'j} dg k/fpFb}gg\ / 750 hgfn] b'j} df};d dg k/fpF5g\ eg]
-c_ dflysf] tYofª\snfO{ e]g lrqdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
-cf_ slt hgf dflg;nfO{ udL{ df};d dfq dg kbf]{ /x]5 <
-O_ slt hgf dflg;nfO{ s'g} Pp6f dfq df};d dg kbf]{ /x]5 <
-O{_ hf8f] df};d dfq / b'j} df};d dg gk/fpg] dflg;x¿sf] cg'kft slt /x]5 <
4. 100 hgf ljBfyL{sf] Pp6f ;d"xdf ul/Psf] ;j]{If0fcg';f/, g]kfnL / cª\u|]hL ljifo dg k/fpg]
ljBfyL{sf] cg'kft 3:55 . olb 30 hgf ljBfyL{ b'j} ljifo dg k/fpF5g\ / 10 hgf
ljBfyL{ cGo ljifox¿ dg k/fpF5g\ eg]
-c_ slt hgf ljBfyL{ g]kfnL ljifo dg k/fpF5g\ <
-cf_ slt hgf ljBfyL{ g]kfnL / cª\u|]hL ljifodWo] sDtLdf Pp6f dg k/fpF5g\ <
-O_ dflysf] tYofª\snfO{ e]g lrqdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
5. 175 hgf dflg;sf] ;d"xdf ul/Psf] Ps ;j]{If0fcg';f/, 40 hgfn] ;'Gtnf dfq vfg dg
k/fpF5g\ / 50 hgfn] :ofp dfq vfg dg k/fpF5g\ . olb b'j}dWo] s'g} klg kmnk"mn vfg dg
gk/fpg] dflg;x¿sf] ;ª\Vof b'j} kmnk"mn vfg dg k/fpg] dflg;sf] ;ª\Vofsf] tLg u'0ff 5 eg]
-c_ dflysf] tYofª\snfO{ e]g lrqdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
-cf_ slt dflg; a9Ldf Pp6f kmnk"mn dg vfg dg k/fpg] /x]5g\ <
-O_ slt k|ltzt dflg; b'j} kmnk"mn vfg dg k/fpFbf /x]5g\ <
 -O{_ ofb[lR5s ¿kdf pSt dflg;sf] ;d"xaf6 s'g} Ps hgf dflg; 5fGbf b'j} kmnk"mn vfg
dg gk/fpg] dflg; kg]{ ;Defjgf slt x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g+= 10 sf] cEof; 1.1 sf] k|Zg g= 6 b]lv 11 ;Ddsf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

5}7f}F / ;ftf}F lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ tLgcf]6f ;d"xx¿sf] u0fgfTdstfnfO{ e]g lrqdf k|:t't ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
-v_ e]g lrqsf] ;xfotfaf6 tLgcf]6f ;d"xx¿sf] u0fgfTds ;DaGwx¿ k|ltkfbg ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
3]/f agfpgsf nflu ljleGg /ªsf rs jf r'gf, afSnf] n]Vg] dfs{/x¿, ljleGg ;ª\Vofx¿sf
;d"xx¿ pNn]v ul/Psf ;;fgf k]k/x¿ / Pp6f a6\6f , A4 k]k/x¿, 6]k
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ k|To]s ljBfyL{nfO{ Ps Pscf]6f A4 afF8\g'xf];\ .

-v_ ljBfyL{nfO{ Pscfk;df s]xL ;do 5nkmn u/L tLgcf]6f ;d"xx¿sf] u0fgfTdstfnfO{ e]g
lrqdf k|:t't ug{ / ;d"xx¿sf] u0fgfTds ;DaGwx¿ klg n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
-u_ pSt A4 x/]s ljBfyL{nfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg nufpg'xf];\ tfls kl5 pgLx¿n] cfk\mgf] sfo{
k'g/fj[lQ ug{ ;s'g\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ ljBfnosf] s'g} v'nf 7fpF jf rp/df rs jf r'gfsf] dbtn] rp/df Pp6f 7'nf]] cfotfsf/
3]/f agfpg'xf];\ hxfF ljBfyL{ /fd|/L c6fpg ;s'g\ .
-v_ pSt 7'nf]] cfotfsf/ 3]/fsf] leqk6\l6 lrqdf b]vfP h:t}
u/L tLgcf]6f uf]nfsf/ vlK6Psf 3]/fx¿ km/s km/s /ªn]
agfpg'xf];\ .
-u_ tLgcf]6} uf]nfsf/ 3]/fx¿ vlK6Psf] efunfO{ xl/of] jf
c¿ s'g}
 /ªn] 3]/f nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ x/]sn] ljBfyL{nfO{ Ps Pscf]6f A4 k]k/df 7'nf]] cIf/df
cfcfk\mgf] /f]n gDa/ n]Vg nufO{ cfcfk\mgf] lk7\o'Fdf 6fF:g nufpg'xf];\ .
-ª_ ;a} ljBfyL{nfO{ cfcfk\mgf] sfkL / snd ;fydf lnO{ pSt 7'nf]] cfotfsf/ 3]/fleq pleg
nufpg'xf];\ . -dfgf}F sIffdf 30 hgf ljBfyL{ 5g\ . _
-r_ lj|mofsnfksf] ;'?cftdf ;a} ljBfyL{nfO{ pSt uf]nfsf/ 3]/fx¿sf] aflx/ pleg nufpg'xf];\ .
o; j|mddf x/]s ljBfyL{nfO{ ;j{Jofks ;d"x ‘U’ leq ePsf ;ª\Vofx¿ cfcfk\mgf] sfkLdf
l6Kg nufpg'xf];\ . _
-5_ ca a6\6fleqaf6 ofb[lR5s ¿kdf kfn}kfnf] tLgcf]6f sfuh lgsfnL cfPsf ;d"xx¿
eGg'xf];\ M
h:t} M klxnf] sfuhdf – lahf]/ ;ª\Vofsf] ;d"x (A)
bf];|f] sfuhdf – 30 nfO{ lgMz]if efu hfg] ;ª\Vofx¿sf] ;d"x (B)
t];|f] sfuhdf – 3 sf ckjTo{x¿sf]] ;d"x (C)
-h_ dfly plNnlvt ;ª\Vofx¿dWo] cfcfk\mgf] /f]n gDa/ ePsf ljBfyL{ tL ljleGg /ªx¿sf
3]/fx¿leq pleg nufpg'xf];\ / afFsL ljBfyL{ rflxF ToxLF cfotfsf/ 3]/fleq g} ple/xG5g\ .
-em_ o;/L ljBfyL{nfO{ uf]nfdf ePsf ;ª\Vofx¿sf] ;Dk"0f{ hfgsf/L l6kf]6 ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-`_ o:t} k|sf/sf lj|mofsnfkx¿ 4 jf 5 k6s km/sk m/s ;d"xdf agfpg nufpg'xf];\ .
-6_ sIffdf cfO{ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;d"xdf /fvL pSt lj|mofsnfkaf6 cfPsf tYofª\sx¿nfO{ ;'?df
;"rLs/0f ljlwaf6 / kl5 u0fgfTds ljlwaf6 n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
-7_ u0fgfTdstfsf] cfwf/df e]glrq klg tof/ ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / o;df cfjZostfg';f/
;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\, h:t}M
 -c_ ;b:ox¿ ;"rLs[t ul/Psf] e]glrq -cf_ ;d"xx¿sf] u0fgfTdstf b]vfOPsf] e]glrq
d"Nofª\sg
-c_ lrq -cf_ df ePsf ;Dk"0f{ v08x¿sf] ;ª\s]t n]vL ltgLx¿sf] u0fgfTds dfg klg
n]Vg'xf];\ .
-cf_ lrq -cf_ df ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
n(A ∪ B ∪ C) / n(A ∪ B ∪ C) sf] dfgdf s]xL km/s cfPsf] 5 jf 5}g <
cfPsf] 5 eg] sltn] km/s cfPsf] 5 <
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps Pscf]6f A4 k]k/df tLgcf]6f vlK6Psf ;d"xx¿ ;j{JofkL ;d"x ‘U’
leq
agfpg nufO{ k|To]s v08sf ;ª\s]tx¿ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ . cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f
ug'{xf];\ .

-u_ e]g lrqaf6 x]/s dfqsf] ¿kdf n]lvPsf ;ª\s]tx¿nfO{ ;fwf/0f ¿kdf JoSt ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
∴ no (A ∩ B) = n(A ∩ B) − n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
∴ no (B ∩ C) = n(B ∩ C) − n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
∴ no (C ∩ A) = n(C ∩ A) − n(A ∩ B ∩ C) ;fy}
∴ no (A) = n(A) − no (A ∩ B) − no (C ∩ A) − n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
∴ no (B) = n(B) − no (B ∩ C) − no (A ∩ B) − n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
∴ no (C) = n(C) − no (C ∩ A) − no (B ∩ C) − n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
-3_ e]g lrqsf] ;xfotfn] n(A ∪ B ∪ C) lgsfnL -u_ df ePsf ;DaGwx¿ k|of]u u/L n(A ∪ B ∪ C)

sf] ;"q lgsfNg nufpg'xf];\ .

n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = no (A) + no (B) + no (C) + no (A ∩ B) + no (B ∩ C) + no (C ∩ A) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C)

= { n(A) − no (A ∩ B) − no (C ∩ A) − n(A ∩ B ∩ C)} + { n(B) − no (B ∩ C) − no (A ∩ B) −

n(A ∩ B ∩ C) } + { n(C) − no (C ∩ A) − no (B ∩ C) − n(A ∩ B ∩ C) } + no (A ∩ B) +

no (B ∩ C) + no (C ∩ A) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C)

\= n(A) + n(B) + n(C) − no (A ∩ B) − no (B ∩ C) − no (C ∩ A) − 2. n(A ∩ B ∩ C)

= n(A) + n(B) + n(C) − {n(A ∩ B) − n(A ∩ B ∩ C)} − {n(B ∩ C) − n(A ∩ B ∩ C}

− {n(C ∩ A) −

n(A ∩ B ∩ C)} − 2. n(A ∩ B ∩ C)

∴ n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) − n(A ∩ B) − n(B ∩ C) − n(C ∩ A) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C)

∴ 𝐧(𝐀 ∪ 𝐁 ∪ 𝐂) = 𝐧(𝐀) + 𝐧(𝐁) + 𝐧(𝐂) − 𝐧(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁) − 𝐧(𝐁 ∩ 𝐂) − 𝐧(𝐂 ∩ 𝐀) + 𝐧(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 ∩ 𝐂)

To:t}ul/,
∴ n(U) = n(A ∪ B ∪ C) + n(̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
A ∪ B ∪ C) x'G5 .
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
∴ n(U) = n(A ∪ B ∪ C) + n(A ∪ B ∪ C)

d"Nofª\sg
lbOPsf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
-c_ olb ;d"xx¿ A, B / C Pscfk;df gvlK6Psf eP n(A ∪ B ∪ C) sf] dfg slt x'G5
xf]nf <
-cf_ olb n(U) = 135, n(A) = 45, n(B) = 57, n(C) = 38, n(A ∩ B) = 13, n(B ∩ C) = 12,
 n(C ∩ A) = 7 / n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 5 eP n(A ∪ B ∪ C) / n(̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
A ∪ B ∪ C) sf]

dfg kQf nufO{ pSt hfgsf/LnfO{ e]g lrqdf klg k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 20 sf] cEof; 1.2 sf] k|Zg g= 1 b]lv 3 ;Ddsf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

cf7f}F / gjf}F lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ tLgcf]6f ;d"xx¿;DaGwL zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ ljBfyL{lar s]xL ;do tLgcf]6f gvlK6Psf ;d"xx¿nfO{ e]glrqdf k|:t't ug{ / To;;Fu
;DalGwt u0fgfTdstf ;DaGwx¿ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
-v_ 5nkmn / ljBfyL{sf sfo{df cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ e]g lrqsf] cWoog u/L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf ;dfwfg n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
k|Zg
lbOPsf] e]glrq cWoog u/L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] ;dfwfg 5nkmn u/L n]Vg'xf];\ .
-c_ n(P ∪ Q ∪ R) sf] dfg slt x'G5 <
-cf_ no (P ∩ Q) + no (Q ∩ R) + no (R ∩ P)

sf] dfg slt x'G5 <

-O_ n(̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
P ∪ Q ∪ R) n] s] hgfpF5 / o;sf]

dfg slt x'G5 < kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

-v_ s]xL ;dokl5 ljBfyL{dWo] s]xLnfO{
;dfwfg k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / o; j|mddf
cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg
ug'{xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 3

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ tLg jf Rff/cf]6f ;d"xx¿df ljt/0f ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf Ps÷Pscf]6f ;;fgf rf6{k]k/ ljt/0f ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ cfcfk\mgf] ;d"xn] kfPsf k|Zgx¿ ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L k"/f ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / o; j|mddf
cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .

k|Zgx¿
1. s'g} Pp6f k/LIffdf ;lDdlnt 135 hgf ljBfyL{dWo] 67 hgf ul0ftdf, 53 hgf lj1fgdf, 54

hgf g]kfnLdf pQL0f{ ePsf /x]5g\ . 5 hgfrflxF oL tLg} ljifox¿df cg'QL0f{ eP5g\ . olb 22

ul0ft / lj1fgdf, 17 hgf g]kfnL / lj1fgdf / 15 hgf ul0ft / g]kfnLdf pQL0f{ ePsf
/x]5g\ eg],
-c_ dflysf] tYofª\snfO{ e]g lrqdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
-cf_ slt hgf ljBfyL{ s'g} b'O{ dfq} ljifodf pQL0f{ ePsf /x]5g\ <
-O_ slt k|ltzt ljBfyL{ s'g} Pp6f dfq ljifodf pQL0f{ ePsf /x]5g\ <
-O{_ ofb[lR5s ¿kdf pSt ;d"xaf6 s'g} Pp6f ljBfyL{ 5fGbf tLg} ljifodf pQL0f{ x'g] ljBfyL{
5flgg] ;DefJotf slt /x]5 <
;dfwfg
dfgf}F, M,S / N n] j|mdzM ul0ft, lj1fg / g]kfnLdf pQL0f{ x'g] ljBfyL{ hgfpF5 .

n(M) = 67 hgf n(S) = 53 hgf n(N) = 54 hgf

n(M ∩ S) = 22 hgf n(S ∩ N) = 17 hgf n(N ∩ M) = 15 hgf

n(̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
M ∪ S ∪ N) = 5 hgf n(U) = 135 hgf n(M ∩ S ∩ N) = 𝑥 hgf -dfgf}F_
-c_ dflysf] tYofª\snfO{ e]g lrqdf k|:t't ubf{,

-cf_ ;"qcg';f/,
∴ n(U) = n(M ∪ S ∪ N) + n̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
(M ∪ S ∪ N)
⟹ 135 = n(M ∪ S ∪ N) + 5
∴ n(M ∪ S ∪ N) = 130 hgf
k]ml/,
∴ n(M ∪ S ∪ N) = n(M) + n(S) + n(N) − n(M ∩ S) − n(S ∩ N) − n(N ∩ M) + n(M ∩ S ∩ N)

⟹ 130 = 67 + 53 + 54 − 22 − 17 − 15 + 𝑥
⟹ 130 = 67 + 53 + 54 − 22 − 17 − 15 + 𝑥
⟹ 130 = 120 + 𝑥
∴ 𝑥 = n(M ∩ S ∩ N) = 10 hgf
ca,
e]g lrqaf6,
no (M ∩ S) + no (S ∩ N) + no (N ∩ M) = 22 − 𝑥 + 17 − 𝑥 + 15 − 𝑥
= 22 − 𝑥 + 17 − 𝑥 + 15 − 𝑥
= 54 − 3𝑥
= 54 − 3 × 10
= 24 hgf

∴ 24 hgf ljBfyL{ s'g} b'O{cf]6f dfq ljifodf pQL0f{ eP5g\ .

-O_ e]g lrqaf6,

no (M) + no (S) + no (N) = (30 + 𝑥) + (14 + 𝑥) + (22 + 𝑥)
= 66 + 3𝑥
 = 66 + 3 × 10
= 96 hgf ljBfyL{ s'g} Ps ljifodf pQL0f{ eP5g\ .
-O{_ oxfF,
n(M ∩ S ∩ N) = 20 hgf / n(U) = 145 hgf 5 .
ofb[lR5s ¿kdf pSt ;d"xaf6 s'g} Pp6f ljBfyL{ 5fGbf tLg} ljifodf pQL0f{ x'g] ljBfyL{
5flgg] ;DefJotf,
n(M∩S∩N) 10 2
P(M ∩ S ∩ N) = = =
n(U) 145 29

d"Nofª\sg
lbOPsf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
2. Pp6f :yfgLo txsf] r'gfjdf 300 hgf JolStx¿n] pDd]bjf/x¿ A, B / C nfO{ ef]6 lbP
h;df s'g} Ps pDd]bjf/nfO{ lbOPsf] ef]6dfq ;b/ x'g] ub{5 . 120 hgfn] A nfO{, 90 hgfn] B

nfO{, 60 hgfn] C nfO{, 45 hgfn] A / B nfO{, 30 hgfn] B / C

nfO{, 20 hgfn] A / C nfO{ / 10 hgfn] tLg} pDd]bjf/x¿nfO{ ef]6 lbPsf /x]5g\ .

-c_ dflysf] tYofª\snfO{ ;d"x ;ª\s]tx¿df JoSt ug'{xf];\ .
-cf_ slt hgf JolStx¿n] s;}nfO{ klg ef]6 lbPsf /x]g5g\ <
-O_ sltcf]6f ef]6x¿ ;b/ eP <
-O{_ slt k|ltzt ef]6 ab/ eP <
-p_ 300 hgfsf] ;d"xaf6 s'g} Ps JolSt ofb[lR5s ¿kdf 5fGbf B pDd]bjf/nfO{ dfq ef]6
lbg] JolSt kg]{ ;DefJotf slt x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
3. 260 hgf ljBfyL{dfly ul/Psf] ;j]{If0fcg';f/, 105 hgfnfO{ lrqsnf, 73 hgfnfO{ ;ª\uLt /
49 hgfnfO{ gf6sdf ;xefuL x'g dg kb{5 . olb 37 hgfnfO{ lrqsnf / ;ª\uLt, 24 hgfnfO{
;ª\uLt / gf6s, 18 hgfnfO{ lrqsnf / gf6s tyf 13 hgfnfO{ tLgcf]6} lj|mofsnfkx¿df
;xefuL x'g dg kb{5 eg],
-c_ lbOPsf] tYofª\snfO{ e]g lrqdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
-cf_ slt k|ltzt ljBfyL{ s'g} klg lj|mofsnfkdf ;xeflu gx'g] OR5f JoSt ub{5g\ <
-O_ slt k|ltzt ljBfyL{ s'g} b'O{cf]6f dfq lj|mofsnfkdf ;xefuL x'g ?rfpF5g\ .
-O{_ pSt ljBfyL{sf] ;d"xaf6 s'g} Ps JolSt 5fGbf s'g} Ps lj|mofsnfkdf dfq ;xefuL
 x'g OR5f JoSt ug]{ ljBfyL{ kg]{ ;Defjgf slt x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 20 / 21 sf] cEof; 1.2 sf] k|Zg g= 4 b]lv 5 ;Ddsf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg
ug'{xf];\ .

b;f}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ tLg cf]6f ;d"xx¿;DaGwL yk zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljt/0f ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf Ps÷Pscf]6f ;;fgf rf6{k]k/ lbg'xf];\ .
-u_ cfcfk\mgf] ;d"xn] kfPsf k|Zgx¿ ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L k"/f ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / o; j|mddf
cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1. v]n dg k/fpg] 205 hgf ljBfyL{df ul/Psf] Ps ;j]{If0fcg';f/ 75 hgfn] k'm6an, 82

hgfn] lj|ms]6 / 95 hgfn] af:s]6an v]Ng dg k/fPsf] kfOof] . 20 hgfn] k'm6an / lj|ms]6
dfq, 30 hgfn] k'm6an / af:s]6an dfq, 38 hgfn] af:s]6an dfq v]Ng dg k/fpFbf
/x]5g\ . olb 21 hgfn] lj|ms]6 / af:s]6an dfq v]Ng dg k/fpg] /x]5g\ eg],
-c_ dflysf] tYofª\snfO{ e]g lrqdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
-cf_ slt hgf ljBfyL{ ;a} v]n v]Ng dg k/fpFbf /x]5g\ <
-O_ slt k|ltzt ljBfyL{ s'g} c? g} v]n v]Ng dg k/fpg] /x]5g\ <
;dfwfg
dfgf}F, F,C / B n] j|mdzM k'm6an, lj|ms]6 / af:s]6an v]Ng dg k/fpg] ljBfyL{nfO{ hgfpF5 .
∴ n(F) = 75 hgf n(C) = 82 hgf n(B) = 95 hgf
no (F ∩ C) = 20 hgf no (C ∩ B) = 21 hgf no (B ∩ F) = 30 hgf

no (B) = 38 hgf n(U) = 205 hgf n(F ∩ C ∩ B) = 𝑥 hgf -dfgf}F_

-c_ dflysf] tYofª\snfO{ e]g lrqdf k|:t't ubf{,

-cf_ e]g lrqcg';f/,

∴ n(B) = no (C ∩ B) + no (B ∩ F) + n(F ∩ C ∩ B) + no (B)
⟹ 95 = 21 + 30 + 𝑥 + 38
∴ 𝑥 = n(M ∪ S ∪ N) = 6 hgf ljBfyL{ ;a} v]n v]Ng dg k/fpFbf /x]5g\ .
-O_ e]g lrqcg';f/,
∴ n(F ∪ C ∪ B) = n(F) + no (C ∩ B) + no (C) + no (B)

= 75 + 21 + 41 − 𝑥 + 38

= 75 + 21 + 41 − 6 + 38

= 169 hgf
k]ml/,
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
∴ n(U) = n(F ∪ C ∪ B) + n(F ∪ C ∪ B)

̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
⟹ 205 = 169 + n(F ∪ C ∪ B)

∴ ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
n(F ∪ C ∪ B) = 36 hgf
ca,
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
n(F∪C∪B) 36
× 100% = × 100% = 17.56 %
n(U) 205

∴ 17.56 % ljBfyL{ c¿ g} v]n v]Ng dg k/fpFbf /x]5g\ .

d"Nofª\sg

lbOPsf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
2. Pp6f ;j]{If0fdf, 23 hgf ljBfyL{n] g]kfnL, 34 hgfn] ;fdflhs lzIff, 22 hgfn] ul0ft,
9 hgfn] g]kfnL dfq, 18 hgfn] ;fdflhs lzIff dfq, 6 hgfn] ;fdflhs lzIff / g]kfnL dfq
/ 2 hgfn] g]kfnL / ul0ft dfq cWoog ug{ dg k/fpg] s'/f atfP .
-c_ dflysf] tYofª\snfO{ e]g lrqdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
-cf_ slt k|ltzt ljBfyL{n] tLgcf]6} ljifox¿ dg k/fpFbf /x]5g\ <
-O_ :jtGq ¿kdf pSt ljBfyL{sf] ;d"xaf6 s'g} Ps ljBfyL{ 5fGbf ;fdflhs lzIff /
g]kfnL ljifo cWoog ug{ dg k/fpg] ljBfyL{ kg]{ ;Defjgf slt x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
3. Pp6f ljBfnosf] jflif{sf]T;j ;df/f]xdf cluNnf] dlxgfsf] v]n ;Ktfxdf ePsf ljleGg
k|lt:kwf{x¿sf ljhoL ljBfyL{nfO{ kbs ljt/0f ug]{ sfo{ ;DkGg eof] . pSt sfo{j|mddf 36

hgfn] bf}8 k|ltof]lutfdf, 12 hgfn] elnan k|ltof]lutfdf / 18 hgfn] k'm6an k|ltof]lutfdf

ljleGg >]0fLsf kbsx¿ k|fKt u/]sf /x]5g\ . olb tL kbsx¿ hDdf 45 hgfn] dfq kfPsf
lyP / 5 hgfn] tLgcf]6} v]nx¿df kbsx¿ kfPsf lyP eg]
-c_ dflysf] tYofª\snfO{ e]g lrqdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
-cf_ slt ljBfyL{n] b'O{cf]6f v]nx¿df dfq kbs kfPsf /x]5g\ <
-O_ slt k|ltzt ljBfyL{n] s'g} Pp6f dfq v]ndf kbs kfPsf /x]5g\ <
-O{_ ofb[lR5s ¿kdf pSt ljBfyL{sf] ;d"xaf6 s'g} Ps ljBfyL{ 5fGbf sDtLdf b'O{cf]6f
v]nx¿df kbs k|fKt ug]{ ljBfyL{ kg]{ ;Defjgf slt x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
4. 20 hgf ljBfyL{sf] Pp6f ;d"xn] kf]v/f, n'lDagL / uf]/vfdWo] sDtLdf Pp6f 7fpF 3'd]sf
/x]5g\ . n'lDagL 3'd]sf x/]s ljBfyL{ kf]v/f klg 3'ld;s]sf /x]5g\ , 3 hgf ljBfyL{ oL
tLgcf]6} :yfgx¿ 3'ld;s]sf /x]5g\ , 4 hgf ljBfyL{ kf]v/f dfq 3'd]sf /x]5g\ , 8 hgf
ljBfyL{ n'lDagL 3'ld;s]sf / 14 hgf ljBfyL{ kf]v/f 3'ld;s]sf /x]5g\ eg]
-c_ dflysf] tYofª\snfO{ e]g lrqdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
-cf_ slt ljBfyL{ kf]v/f / uf]/vf dfq 3'ld;s]sf /x]5g\ <
-O_ slt k|ltzt ljBfyL{ uf]/vf dfq 3'd]sf /x]5g\ <
-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 21 sf] cEof; 1.2 sf] k|Zg g= 6 / 7 sf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

P3f/f}F / afx|f}F lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ tLgcf]6f ;d"xx¿;DaGwL tYofª\s ;ª\sng ug]{ Jofjfxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{
;~rfng u/L To;;Fu ;DalGwt hfgsf/Lx¿ sIffdf k|:t't ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljt/0f ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Jofjfxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] ljj/0f n]lvPsf Ps÷Pscf]6f
rf6{k]k/ lbg'xf];\ .

ljBfyL{sf] ;ª\Vof kQf nufpg'xf];\ . / o;kl5 pSt Psdfq 7fpF e|d0f ug]{ 7fpFdWo] ;a}eGbf
a9L e|d0f ug{ ?rfPsf] 7fpF klg kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
cfcfk\mgf] ;d"xx¿df 5nkmn u/L ;d'bfosf] tf]lsPsf If]qdf uO{ ToxfFsf 50 hgf dflg;x¿sf]
lgDgfg';f/ tYofª\s ;ª\sng ug'{xf];\ . pSt k|lj|mofdf tnsf k|Zgx¿ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 .
1= gfd M
2. pd]/ M
3. lnª\u M
4= /St ;d"x M
;+slnt tYofª\ssf cfwf/df k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ lgDgfg';f/ lj|mofsnfk ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
olb P kf]lhl6e nfO{ A , aL kf]lhl6e nfO{ B/ cf] kf]lhl6enfO{ O n] hgfpg] eP
 1= k|To]s /St ;d"xsf] u0fgfTdstf pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .
2= pSt ;b:ox¿nfO{ e]g lrqdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
3= dfly pNn]v ul/Psf tLgcf]6f /ut ;d"xafx]ssf /ut ;d"x ePsf dflg;x¿ slt hgf
/x]5g\ <
o;/L cfPsf] tYofª\snfO{ sIffdf ;d"xut ¿kdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .

-u_ ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L cfPsf] tYofª\snfO{ Pp6f ;fgf] ljj/0f tof/ u/L sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
-3_ ?la|S; tof/ u/L k|To]s ;d"xsf] k|:t'lt / pSt ;d"xdf /x]sf ljBfyL{sf] ;lj|motfsf cfwf/df
d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\ .

gd'gf ?la|S; cg';"rLdf nfg]

Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ d"Nofª\sg ?la|S;
;d"xut Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ k|:t'ltsf] d"Nofª\sg ?la|S;

If]q cfwf/ ;"rs cª\s k|fKtfª\s

;d"xsf] pko'St ;ª\s]tLs/0f, ;xL u0fgf;lxt :ki6
2
¿kdf e]glrqdf k|:t't u/]df
;d"xsf] pko'St ;ª\s]tLs/0f / :ki6 ¿kdf e]glrqdf
k|:t't u/]sf] t/ u0fgfdf ;fdfGo q'l6 b]lvPdf cyjf
1.5
;d"xsf] ;ª\s]tLs/0fdf q'l6 b]lvPsf] t/ u0fgf ;xL
ul0ftLo ¿kdf u/]sf] / e]glrqdf :ki6 ¿kdf k|:t't u/]df
1 1fgsf]
;xL ¿kdf e]glrqdf k|:t't u/]sf] t/ ;d"xsf]
z'4tf
;ª\s]tLs/0fdf / u0fgfdf ;fdfGo q'l6 b]lvPdf cyjf
1
u0fgf / ;ª\s]tLs/0f ;xL ¿kdf u/]sf] t/ e]glrqdf
k|:t't ubf{ ;fdfGo q'l6 ePdf
e]glrqdf k|:t't ubf{ ;fdfGo q'l6 b]lvPsf], ;d"xsf]
0.5
;ª\s]tLs/0fdf / u0fgfdf klg q'l6 b]lvPdf
ljBfyL{ JolStut Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ k|:t'ltsf] d"Nofª\sg ?la|S; lbOPsf]
5.
ljBfyL{sf] gfd M sIff M ljifo M
k|of]ufTds cfwf/ut k|fKtfª\s
÷Jofjxfl/s
j|m=;= ul0ftLo ul0ftLo ;fdu|Lsf] 5nkmndf sfo{ ;do ;Ldf k|:t'tLs/0f k|Zgf]Q/df clen]vLs/0f
;d:ofx¿ 1fgsf] :t/Lotf ;xefuLtf ;DkGgtf ;xefuLtf
;dfwfg z'4tf
sfo{
1.
2.
3.
4..
5.

lzIfssf nflu sfo{

tLgcf]6f ;]6sf] lx;fadfM P kf]h]l6e, aL kf]]h]l6e, ==== s'g s'g /ut c¿nfO{ lbg ;lsG5 < eGg]]
k|sf/sf Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ tof/ u/L ljBfyL{df u/fpg ;lsG5 .

;'emfjx¿ M Ps} k|sf/sf] k|:t'lt ePsfn], Ps lbgdf sDtLdf b'O{cf]6f ls|ofsnfk u/fpg' kg]{ .
k|:t'ltdf ljljwtf /fVg] .
/fd|f] kIf M ;a} vfnsf ljBfnosf nflu pkof]uL b]lvPsf] . gofF k|Zgx¿ ylkPsf] 5 .
ykM tLgcf]6f ;]6sf] lx;fadfM P kf]h]l6e, aL kf]]h]l6e, ==== s'g s'g /ut c?nfO{ lbg ;lsG5 <
eGg]] vfnsf Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ lbg] .
 kf7 2 rj|mLo Aofh (Compound Interest)

kl/ro
s'g} ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 C0f lnFbf jf pSt ;+:yfdf s'g} /sd hDdf ubf{ jf s'g} JolStnfO{
C0f lbFbf s;/L Aofh;Fu ;DalGwt s'/fx¿ x'G5g\ ;f] af/] a'e\mg' cTofjZos 5 . o;/L x]bf{
;fdfGotof Aofhx¿df ;fwf/0f Aofh / jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh, cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh, q}dfl;s
rj|mLo Aofh cflbsf sfo{x¿ w]/} x'g] ub{5 .
;fwf/0f Aofhdf x/]s jif{sf] ;'?sf] ;fFjfnfO{ g} lnP/ Aofhsf] u0fgf ul/G5 eg] jflif{s rj|mLo
Aofhdf x/]s jif{df x'g] Aofh /sd ;fFjfdf hf]l8P/ gofF ;fFjf aG5 / gofF ;fFjf To;cg';f/ g}
Aofh u0fgf ul/G5 . cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh Ps ljz]if k|sf/sf] Aofh k|lj|mof xf], h;df Aofhsf]
u0fgf x/]s 6÷6 dlxgfdf ul/G5 eg] q}dfl;s rj|mLo Aofh sf] u0fgf x/]s tLg÷tLg dlxgfdf x'G5
. o; kf7df ;fwf/0f Aofh / rj|mLo Aofhx¿;Fu ;DalGwt zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ xn ul/g] 5 .
o; kf7sf nflu kf7\oj|mdn] tf]s]sf l;sfO pknlAwx¿ lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M
-s_ b]zsf] ljBdfg s/ k|0ffnL / a}ª\s tyf cGo ljQLo ;+:yfx¿df k|of]u x'g] rj|mLo
Aofh;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{,
o; kf7sf nflu hDdf kf7\oj|mdnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ 13 cg'dflgt 306fsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . t;y{
o; kf7cGtu{t\ ;dfj]z kf7of+zsf] ljefhg lgDgfg';f/ ul/Psf] 5 M
kf7\ok':tssf]
j|m=;+= kf7\oj:t' cg'dflgt 306f
;DalGwt k[i7
1. rj|mLo Aofh tyf ld>wgsf] ;"q k|ltkfbg 2 26 – 29, 42
cw{jflif{s / q}dfl;s rj|mLo Aofhsf] cjwf/0ff /
2. 2 31, 42
;d:of ;dfwfg
ljleGg Aofhx¿;Fu ;DalGwt zflAbs ;d:ofx¿
3. 2 33 – 36, 43
;dfwfg
ljleGg Aofhx¿;Fu ;DalGwt yk zflAbs
4. 1 33 – 36, 43
;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg
ljleGg ;dox¿df x'g] ld>wgx¿ / rj|mLo
5. Aofhx¿;Fu ;DalGwt zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ 3 37 – 38, 40 – 45
;dfwfg
6. Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ 2
hDdf 12
ljBfyL{df x'g ;Sg] ;Defljt unt a'emfO tyf cjwf/0ffx¿
- ;fwf/0f Aofh / ljleGg rj|mLo Aofhx¿ klxrfgdf ;d:of
- ljleGg Aofhx¿ cg';f/ x'g] Aofh / ld>wg klxrfgdf ;d:of eO{ u0fgfdf uNtL
- Aofh / ld>wgsf] ;"q klxrfg / k|of]udf ;d:of,
oL s'/fx?sf af/]df lzIf0fsf qmddf ljz]if Wofg lbg' kb{5 .

klxnf] / bf];|f] lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ;fwf/0f / rj|mLo Aofhsf] cjwf/0ffx¿ a'e\mg / t'ngfTds cWoog ug{
-v_ rj|mLo Aofh tyf ld>wgsf] ;"q k|ltkfbg ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
;fwf/0f Aofh / rj|mLo Aofhsf] t'ngfTds leGgtf b]vfpg tof/ ul/Psf] Pp6f pbfx/0f rf6{,
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{x¿ .

k"j{1fg k'g/fj[lQ lj|mofsnfk

?= 5000 s'g} Pp6f a}ª\sdf 5 jif{sf] nflu jflif{s 10 % Aofhb/df /fVg] jf hDdf ug]{ xf] eg]
-c_ ;fFjf /sd jf d"nwg slt /x]5 <
-cf_ 10 % jflif{s Aofhb/ eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 <
-O_ 5 jif{sf] ;dofjlwdf x/]s jif{ k|fKt x'g] Aofh /sd s;/L j[l4 x'Fb} hfFb5 <

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ b'O{cf]6f ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ tflnsf ePsf] k|Zgsf] Ps÷Pscf]6f rf6{k]k/x¿ ljt/0f ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ k|Zgx¿ cfk;df 5nkmn u/L sIffdf k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . o; lj|mofsnfksf] j|mddf
;d"xx¿df cjnf]sg cfPsf k|ltlj|mofx¿df cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0fsf] sfo{ ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zg
/ldtf / lszf]/n] 3 jif{sf] nflu cfk"m;Fu ePsf] /sd ?= 10,000 k|lt jif{ 10 % Aofhb/ sf b/n]
hDdf u/]5g\ . pgLx¿n] k|To]s jif{ k|fKt u/]sf Aofh /sd lgDg tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
 /ldtfn] k|fKt u/]sL Aofh k|lj|mof lszf]/n] k|fKt u/]sf] Aofh k|lj|mof
jif{
;fFjf Aofh ;fFjf Aofh
klxnf] jif{ ?= 10,000 ?= 1,000 ?= 10,000 ?= 1,000

bf];|f] jif{ ?= 10,000 ?= 1,000 ?= 11,000 ?= 1,100

t];|f] jif{ ?= 10,000 ?= 1,000 ?= 12,100 ?= 1,210

hDdf ?= 3,000 ?= 3,310

-c_ /ldtfn] tLg jif{df slt Aofh k|fKt ul/g\ <

-cf_ lszf]/n] tLg jif{df slt Aofh k|fKt u/] <
-O_ /ldtf / lszf]/n] k|To]s jif{df k|fKt u/]sf] Aofh /sddf s:tf] 9fFrf (Pattern) b]Vg ;lsG5 <
-O{_ /ldtf / lszf]/n] k|fKt u/]sf] Aofh /sddf slt km/s cfof] < lsg <
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g+= 28 df ePsf] lj|mofsnfk 3 cfk;df 5nkmn u/L cWoog ug{
nufpg'xf];\ .
-u_ pSt 5nkmnsf j|mddf ljBfyL{nfO{ lgDgfg';f/ k|Zgx¿df j|mlds ¿kdf 5nkmn u/fO{ rj|mLo Aofh
lgsfNg] ;"q k|ltkfbg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-c_ ;fFjf (P), ;do (T) / Aofhb/ (R) lbOPsf] cj:yfdf Aofh slt x'G5 <
-cf_ olb ;do 1 jif{ ePsf] v08df Aofh / ld>wg slt slt x'G5 <
-O_ ;f]xLcg'¿k bf];|f] jif{sf] Aofh / ld>wg slt slt x'G5 <
-O{_ o;/L Aofh j|mlds ¿kdf a9\b} hfg] xf] eg] T jif{sf] cGTodf slt Aofh /sd / ld>wg
k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 <

T
R
∴ T jif{sf] cGTodf x'g] rj|mLo Aofh CI = P [ (1 + 100) − 1] x'G5 .
d"Nofª\sg
tn pNn]v ul/Psf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
d"nwg ?= 15,000 , ;do 3 jif{ / Aofhb/ 8.5 % k|ltjif{ lbOPsf] cj:yfdf ;fwf/0f Aofh / jflif{s
rj|mLo Aofh kQf nufO{ ;f]sf] cGt/ /sd klg kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g+= 42 sf] cEof; 2.1 sf] k|Zg g= 3 sf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

t];|f] / rf}yf] lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ cw{jflif{s / q}dfl;s rj|mLo Aofhsf] cjwf/0ff / ;"q k|ltkfbg ug{
-v_ jflif{s, cw{jflif{s / q}dfl;s rj|mLo Aofh;Fu ;DalGwt k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf rf6{

k"j{1fg k'g/fj[lQ lj|mofsnfk

-s_ ;fFjf (P) / ;do (T) / Aofhb/ (R) lbOPsf] cj:yfdf ;fwf/0f Aofh / jflif{s rj|mLo
Aofh lgsfNg] ;"q n]Vg'xf];\ .
-v_ s'g} /sdsf] ;dfg Aofhb/df 1 jif{df x'g] ;fwf/0f Aofh / rj|mLo Aofhdf slt km/s
cfpF5 <
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ k|Zgsf] Ps÷Pscf]6f rf6{k]k/x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ tf]lsPsf] ;dokl5 k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ 5nkmnaf6 cfPsf] glthf k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . o;
j|mddf glthfx¿ cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0fsf] sfo{ ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zg
1. tnsf cj:yfdf jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh / ld>wg s;/L u0fgf ug{ ;lsG5 <
-c_ k|To]s jif{ Aofhb/ km/s km/s ePdf
-cf_ ;do T jif{ / M dlxgf ePdf
-O_ cw{jflif{s ¿kdf Aofh u0fgf ug'{kg]{ ePdf
-O{_ q}dfl;s ¿kdf Aofh u0fgf ug'{kg]{ ePdf

;dfwfgx¿
dfgf}F,
-c_ 3 jif{df Aofhsf] b/ klxnf] jif{sf] R1 %, bf];|f] jif{sf] R2 % / t];|f] jif{sf] R3 % ePdf

R
1 ) (1 + 2 ) (1 + 3) / R R
∴ rj|mLo ld>wg (CA) = P (1 + 100 100 100

1 ) (1 + R 2 ) (1 + R
3 ) − 1 ] x'G5 . R
∴ rj|mLo Aofh (CI) = P [ (1 + 100 100 100

-cf_ ;do T jif{ / M dlxgf ePdf

T
R MR
∴ rj|mLo ld>wg (CA) = P (1 + 100) (1 + 1200) /

T
R MR
∴ rj|mLo Aofh (CI) = P [ (1 + 100) (1 + 1200) − 1 ] x'G5 .

-O_ cw{jflif{s ¿kdf Aofh u0fgf ug'{kg]{ ePdf

AofhnfO{ cw{jflif{s ¿kdf u0fgf ubf{,

R
Aofhb/ R % k|ltjif{nfO{
2
% k|lt cw{jflif{s / ;do (T) nfO{ 2 × T = 2T ul/G5 .
2T
R
∴ cw{jflif{s rj|mLo ld>wg (HCA) = P (1 + 200) /
2T
R
∴ cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh (HCI) = P [ (1 + 200) − 1 ] x'G5 .

-O{_ q}dfl;s ¿kdf Aofh u0fgf ug'{kg]{ ePdf

Aofhb/nfO{ q}dfl;s ¿kdf u0fgf ubf{,

 R
Aofhb/ R % k|ltjif{nfO{
4
% k|lt Ps rf}yfO jif{ / ;do (T) nfO{ 4 × T = 4T ul/G5 .
4T
R
∴ q}dfl;s rj|mLo ld>wg (CA) = P (1 + 400) /
4T
R
∴ q}dfl;s rj|mLo Aofh (CI) = P [ (1 + 400) − 1 ] x'G5 .

lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps÷Ps cf]6f k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgx¿sf ;dfwfgx¿ sfkLdf n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ tf]lsPsf] ;dokZrft\ s'g} Pp6f ;d"xnfO{ ;dfwfgx¿ k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / afFsL ;d"xnfO{
;dfwfgx¿ ;xL ePgePsf] hfFr ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-ª_ o; sfo{df cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .

d"Nofª\sg
lbOPsf ul/Psf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
1. ?= 25,000 s'g} a}ª\sdf 2 jif{sf nflu hDdf ubf{ 10 % k|ltjif{ Aofh b/n] slt ;fwf/0f
Aofh, Jfflif{s rj|mLo Aofh / cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh slt k|fKt x'G5g\, kQf
nufpg'xf];\ .
2. ?= 2,000 /sdsf] 12 % k|ltjif{ Aofhsf b/n] slt ;dokl5 rj|mLo Aofh ?= 508.8 x'G5 <
3. ?= 5,000 /sd 2 jif{sf nflu s'g} a}ª\sdf hDdf ubf{ rj|mLo Aofh ?= 832 k|fKt x'G5 eg]
Aofhsf] b/ slt lyof] <
4. ?= 1,50,000 /sd 3 jif{sf nflu Pp6f a}ª\sdf hDdf ul/of] . olb j|mdzM klxnf], bf];|f] /
t];|f] jif{sf] Aofhb/ j|mdzM 5 % , 8 % / 10 % k|ltjif{ lyof] eg] jif{sf] cGTodf slt rj|mLo
ld>wg / rj|mLo Aofh k|fKt eof] xf]nf <
5. ?= 40,000 s'g} a}ª\sdf 2 jif{sf nflu hDdf ubf{ 8% k|ltjif{ Aofh b/n] q}dfl;s rj|mLo
ld>wg slt x'G5 <
 6. ?= 30,000 s'g} a}ª\sdf 2 jif{ 7 dlxgfsf nflu hDdf ubf{ 10 % k|ltjif{ Aofh b/n]
cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh slt x'G5 <

ljrf/0fL k|Zg M d"nwg, ;do / Aofhsf] b/ ;dfg ePsf] cj:yfdf ;fwf/0f Aofh, jflif{s rj|mLo
Aofh / cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhsf lardf s:tf] ;DaGw kfpg ;lsG5 <
-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g+= 42 sf] cEof; 2.1 sf] k|Zg g+= 1, 2, 4, 5 / 6 sf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

kfFrf}F / 5}6f}F lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ljleGg Aofhx¿;Fu ;DalGwt zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg]

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ ;+slnt emns kQL -;Dej eP k|Zgx¿ b]vfpg k|f]h]S6/_, 3G6L cflb .
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf]7f, xn jf ljBfno kl/;/ jf cGo s'g} pko'St :yfgsf] Joj:yf ug'{xf];\ .
-v_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{lar tnsf k|Zgx¿ lnP/ -cfjZostfg';f/ cGo k|Zgx¿ klg yk36 ug{ ;lsG5 ._
xflh/Lhjfkm v]nfpg'xf];\ .
-3_ ;Dej eP ljh]tfb]lv clGtd ePsf ;a}nfO{ plrt k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf ul/ ljt/0f ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zg
1= ;fFjf / ;do t6:y ePsf] cj:yfdf ;dofjlw a9\bf Aofh /sddf s:tf] kl/jt{g cfpF5 <
-c_ Aofh /sd 36\5 .
-cf_ Aofh /sd a9\5 .
-O_ Aofh /sd h:tfsf] To:t} x'G5 .
-O{_ of] ;fFjfdf lge{/ x'G5 .
2= tnsf] s'g jfSon] ;fwf/0f AofhnfO{ /fd|/L JofVof ub{5 <
-c_ Aofh /sd lx;fa ubf{ ;'?cftL ;fFjf / s'g} Tof] ;doeGbf cufl8sf] sdfOPsf] Aofhsf]
cfwf/df ul/G5 .
 -cf_ Aofh /sd ;fFjfdf lgoldt ;do cGt/fndf hf]l8Fb} uO{G5 .
-O_ Aofh /sd s'g} ;dosf] ;'?cftL ;fFjfsf dfWodaf6 dfq lx;fa ul/G5 .
-O{_ Aofh /sd lg/Gt/ lx;fa ul/G5 .
3= ;fwf/0f Aofh / rj|mLo AofhdWo] s'g Aofh /sd s'g} lglZrt ;dokZrft\ w]/} x'G5 <
-c_ ;fwf/0f Aofh ;w}F w]/} x'G5 .
-cf_ rj|mLo Aofh ;w}F w]/} x'G5 .
-O_ of] ;fFjf / Aofhb/df e/ kb{5 .
-O{_ ;fwf/0f Aofh / rj|mLo Aofh b'j} ;dfg x'G5g\ .
4= ;fFjf, ;do / Aofhb/ ;dfg ePsf] cj:yfdf rj|mLo Aofh, cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh / ;fwf/0f
Aofhsf] a9\bf] j|md s:tf] x'G5 <
-c_ rj|mLo Aofh, cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh / ;fwf/0f Aofh
-cf_ cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh, rj|mLo Aofh / ;fwf/0f Aofh
-O_ ;fwf/0f Aofh, rj|mLo Aofh / cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh
-O{_ rj|mLo Aofh, ;fwf/0f Aofh / cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh
5= cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhdf Aofh s;/L hf]l8G5 <
-c_ Aofh jif{df 2 k6s hf]l8G5 .
-cf_ Aofh jif{df 1 k6s dfq hf]l8G5 .
-O_ Aofh jif{df 3 k6s hf]l8G5 .
-O{_ Aofh hf]l8Fb}g .
6= ;fFjf (P), ;do (T) / Aofhb/ (R) lbOPsf] cj:yfdf cw{jflif{s rj|mLo ld>wg lgsfNg] ;"q s]
x'G5 <
7= ;fFjf (P), ;do (T) / Aofhb/ (R) lbOPsf] cj:yfdf q}dfl;s Ps rf}yfO rj|mLo ld>wg lgsfNg]
;"q s] x'G5 <
8= ;fFjf (P), ;do (T) / Aofhb/ (R) lbOPsf] cj:yfdf jflif{s rj|mLo ld>wg lgsfNg] ;"q s]
x'G5 <
9= ;fFjf (P), ;do T jif{ / M dlxgf / Aofhb/ (R) lbOPsf] cj:yfdf jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh lgsfNg]
;"q s] x'G5 <
10= ;fFjf (P), ;do (T) / Aofhb/x¿ j|mdzM R1 %, R2 / % R3 % lbOPsf cj:yfdf rj|mLo Aofh
 lgsfNg] ;"q s] x'G5 <
11= d"nwg ?= 10,000 s'g} a}ª\sdf 2 jif{sf nflu hDdf ubf{ 5% k|ltjif{ rj|mLo Aofhsf b/n] slt
ld>wg k|fKt x'G5 <
12= 1 jif{sf] nflu /sd ?= 25,000 s'g} a}ª\sdf hDdf ubf{ 10 % k|ltjif{ rj|mLo Aofhsf b/n] slt
cw{jflif{s Aofh k|fKt x'G5 <
13= 2 jif{sf] nflu ?= 20,000 s'g} ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf ;fwf/0f Aofhb/df hDdf ubf{ ?= 24,200
ld>wg k|fKt x'G5 eg] Aofhb/ slt x'G5 <
14= jflif{s 5 % k|ltjif{ rj|mLo Aofhb/n] slt jif{df d"nwg ?= 1,200 sf] ld>wg ?= 1,323 x'G5 <
15= s'g} d"nwgsf] jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhcg';f/ 10 % k|ltjif{sf b/n] 3 jif{df ld>wg ?= 16,637.50

x'G5 eg] d"nwg slt x'G5 <

16= olb nuftf/ b'O{ jif{x¿df Aofhb/ j|mdzM 4 % / 5 % eP, ;fFjf /sd ?= 8,500 sf] jflif{s
rj|mLo Aofh slt x'G5 <
17= ?= 15,000 s'g} a}ª\sdf 2 jif{ 3 dlxgfsf nflu jflif{s 5 % k|ltjif{sf b/n] hDdf ubf{ slt
;fwf/0f Aofh kfpg ;lsG5 <
18= ?= 20,000 s'g} ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf 1 jif{ 7 dlxgfsf nflu jflif{s k|ltjif{sf b/n] hDdf ubf{
cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh slt x'G5 <
19= cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhcg';f/ k|ltjif{ 20 % sf b/n] slt jif{df ?= 50,000 sf] ld>wg
?= 66,550 x'G5 <
20= ?= 10,000 s'g} a}ª\sdf 2 jif{sf] nflu jflif{s 5 % k|ltjif{sf b/n] hDdf ubf{ q}dfl;s Ps
rf}yfO rj|mLo Aofh /sd slt x'G5 <

lj|mofsnfk –2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps÷Pscf]6f k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ ljt/0f ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿M
1. jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhcg';f/ k|lt jif{ 6.5 % Aofhsf b/n] slt ;dodf ?= 4,00,000 sf] rj|mLo
Aofh ?= 1,32,400 x'G5 <
 ;dfwfg
;fFjf (P) = ?= 4,00,000
Aofhb/ (R) = 6.5 % k|ltjif{

rj|mLo Aofh (CI) = ?= 132,400

;"qcg';f/,
R T
rj|mLo Aofh (CI) = P [ (1 + ) −1 ]
100

10 T
⟹ 132,400 = 400000 [ (1 + 100) − 1 ]

132400 10 T
⟹ = [ (1 + 100) − 1 ]
400000
1324 10 T
⟹ = (1 + 100) − 1
4000
1324 110 T
⟹ +1 = ( 100 )
4000
5324 11 T
⟹ = ( 10 )
4000

⟹ 1.331 = (1.1) T
⟹ (1.1) 3 = (1.1) T
∴ 3 = T

∴ T = 3 jif{
1
2. jflif{s 10 % rj|mLo Aofhsf b/n] 1 jif{df slt /sdsf] cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh ?= 6,305
2
x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
3. slt k|ltzt jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhsf b/n] ?= 3,43,000 sf] 3 jif{df rj|mLo Aofh /sd
?= 1,69,000 x'G5 <
4. k|ltjif{ 12 % cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhb/cg';f/, slt ;dodf ?= 20,000 sf] rj|mLo Aofh
?= 3,820.32 k|fKt x'G5 <
5. cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhcg';f/ s'g} d"nwgsf] 8 % k|ltjif{sf] Aofhsf b/n] 2 jif{df rj|mLo
Aofh ?= 3397.1712 eP, d"nwg kQf nufpg'xf];\ . ;f] /sd ;f]xL ;dofjlw / Aofhb/cg';f/
s'g} a}ª\sdf hDdf ubf{ cGTodf slt ;fwf/0f Aofh k|fKt x'G5 <
-3_ tf]lsPsf] ;dokZrft\ s'g} Pp6f ;d"xnfO{ ;dfwfgx¿ k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / afFsL
;d"xnfO{ ;dfwfgx¿ ;xL eP gePsf] hfFr ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .

lj|mofsnfk –3

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps÷Pscf]6f k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgx¿sf ;dfwfgx¿ sfkLdf n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ tf]lsPsf] ;dokZrft\ s'g} Pp6f ;d"xnfO{ ;dfwfgx¿ k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / afFsL
;d"xnfO{ ;dfwfgx¿ ;xL ePgePsf] hfFr ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿M
1. ?= 25,000 s'g} a}ª\sdf 2 jif{sf nflu hDdf ubf{ jflif{s 10 % Aofhb/cg';f/ ;fwf/0f Aofh /
cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhsf] cGt/ kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
;dfwfg
;fwf/0f Aofhsf nflu,
;fFjf (P) = ?= 25,000
;do (T) = 2 jif{

Aofhb/ (R) = 10 % k|ltjif{

;"qcg';f/,
P×T×R
;fwf/0f Aofh (SI) =
100
25000 × 2 × 10
=
100
= ?= 5,000
cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhsf nflu,
;fFjf (P) = ?= 25,000
;do (T) = 2 jif{

Aofhb/ (R) = 10 % k|ltjif{

;"qcg';f/,
R 2T
cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh (HCI) = P [ (1 +
200
) −1]
 10 2 × 2
= 25000 [ (1 +
200
) −1]

210 4
= 25000 [ ( 200 ) − 1 ]

= 25000 [ 0.21550625 ]
= ?= 5,387.66
ca,
cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh / ;fwf/0f Aofhsf] cGt/ = HCI – SI

= 5,387.66 – 5,000
= ?= 387.66
2. 2 jif{sf nflu s'g} a}ª\sdf ?= 15,00,000 jflif{s 5 % k|ltjif{ Aofhsf b/n] hDdf ubf{
-c_ 2 jif{sf] cGTodf jflif{s rj|mLo ld>wg slt x'G5 <
-cf_ Ps rf}yfO jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh slt x'G5 <
-O_ 2 jif{sf] cGTodf k|fKt x'g] rj|mLo Aofh ;fwf/0f AofheGbf slt k|ltztn] al9 x'G5 <
3. s'g} ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf ?= 50,000 hDdf ul/of] . olb Aofhb/ 2 k};f k|lt Ps ?lkofF k|lt
dlxgfsf b/n] hDdf ul/Psf] lyof] eg] 2 jif{sf] cGTodf x'g] cw{jflif{s rj|mLo ld>wg /
;fwf/0f ld>wgdf km/s lgsfNg'xf];\ .
4. Pp6f a}ª\ssf] vftf ‘A’ df 10 % k|ltjif{ cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhb/ / vftf ‘N’ df 15 % k|ltjif{

jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhb/ sfod u/]sf] 5 . olb tkfO{F 2 jif{sf nflu ?= 40,000 ;f] a}ª\sdf hDdf ub}{
x'g'x'G5 eg]
-c_ s'g vftfdf hDdf ug'{x'G5 / lsg < u0fgf u/L sf/0f;lxt pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .
-cf_ cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh / rj|mLo Aofhlar k|ltztdf t'ngf ug'{xf];\ .

d"Nofª\sg
lbOPsf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
Pp6f JolStn] ?= 1,50,000 ;fwf/0f 5 % jflif{s Aofhb/df s'g} a}ª\saf6 2 jif{sf nflu C0f lnP5 .
/sd kfpg] lalQs} p;n] ;f] /sd plQg} rj|mLo Aofhb/ ;f]xL ;dosf] nflu nufgL u/]5 . jif{sf]
cGTodf pSt JolStnfO{ slt gfkmf jf gf]S;fg x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g=43 sf] cEof; 2.1 sf] k|Zg g=7, 8 / 10 sf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

;ftf}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ljleGg Aofhx¿;Fu ;DalGwt yk zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .

-v_ s]xL ;do;Dd pSt k|Zgx¿sf] ;dfwfg cfcfk\mgf] sfkLdf n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1. s'g} /sd s]xL ;dosf nflu 1 k};f k|lt ?lkofF k|lt 2 dlxgfsf] Aofhdf hDdf ul/of] eg]
Aofhb/ slt lyof] xf]nf, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
2. jflif{s 8 % Aofhsf b/n] ?= 2,00,000 sf] 2 jif{df x'g] cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh ;f]xL
cjlwdf pxL b/n] x'g cfpg] jflif{s rj|mLo AofheGbf slt k|ltzt w]/} x'G5 <
3. slt ;dodf jflif{s 10 % rj|mLo Aofhb/df d"nwg ?= 1,00,000 sf] ld>wg
?= 1,21,000 x'G5 <
-u_ tf]lsPsf] ;dokZrft\ s'g} Pp6f ;d"xnfO{ ;dfwfgx¿ k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / afFsL
;d"xnfO{ ;dfwfgx¿ ;xL ePgePsf] hfFr ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps÷Pscf]6f k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgx¿sf ;dfwfgx¿ sfkLdf n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ tf]lsPsf] ;dokZrft\ s'g} Pp6f ;d"xnfO{ ;dfwfgx¿ k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / afFsL ;d"xnfO{
 ;dfwfgx¿ ;xL eP gePsf] hfFr ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1. Ps lglZrt wg/flz sf] 3 jif{ ;Ddsf] 10 % k|ltjif{ Aofhn] x'g] rj|mLo / ;fwf/0f
Aofhsf]
cGt/ ?= 790.50 eP
-c_ pSt wg/flz kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ rj|mLo Aofh /sd slt x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ pSt /sd ;f]xL ;dofjlw / ;f]xL Aofhb/cg';f/ cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhb/df hDdf
ubf{ ;fwf/0f AofheGbf slt k|ltzt a9L jf sd Aofh /sd k|fKt x'g ;S5 xf]nf <
;dfwfg
-c_ ;fwf/0f Aofhsf nflu,
;do (T) = 3 jif{

Aofhb/ (R) = 10 % k|ltjif{

;"qcg';f/,
P×T×R
;fwf/0f Aofh (SI) =
100
P × 3 × 10
=
100
= ?= 0.3 P
jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhsf nflu,
;do (T) = 3 jif{

Aofhb/ (R) = 10 % k|ltjif{

;"qcg';f/,
R T
jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh (CI) = P [ (1 + ) −1]
100

10 3
= P [ (1 + 100) − 1 ]

110 3
= P [ ( 100 ) − 1 ]

= P [ 0.331 ]
 = ?= 0.331 P
k|Zgcg';f/,
jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh / ;fwf/0f Aofhsf] cGt/ = CI – SI

⟹ 790.50 = 0.331 P – 0.3 P

⟹ 790.50 = 0.031 P
∴ P = ?= 25,500
-cf_ rj|mLo Aofh (CI) = ?= 0.331 P
= 0.331× 25500 = ?= 8,440.50
-O_ cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhsf nflu,
;fFjf jf d"nwg (P) = ?= 25,500

;do (T) = 3 jif{

Aofhb/ (R) = 10 % k|ltjif{

;"qcg';f/,
R 2T
cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh (HCI) = P [ (1 + ) −1]
200

10 2 × 3
= 25500 [ (1 + 200) −1]

210 6
= 25500 [ ( 200 ) − 1 ]

= ?= 8672.44
;fwf/0f Aofh (SI) = ?= 0.3 P
= 0.3 × 25500 = ?= 7,650
ca,
HCI − SI
× 100 %
SI
8672.44 − 7650
= × 100 %
7650
= 13.37 %
∴ cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh ;fwf/0f AofheGbf 13.37 % n] al9 x'g] /x]5 .
2. k|ltjif{ 10 % Aofhsf b/n] jif{df s'g} /sdsf] rj|mLo Aofh ;fwf/0f AofheGbf ?= 420 n]
 a9L x'g cfpF5 eg]
-c_ pSt wg/flz kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ ;fwf/0f Aofh /sd slt x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ pSt /sd ;f]xL ;dofjlw / ;f]xL Aofhb/cg';f/ cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhb/df hDdf
ubf{ Jfflif{s rj|mLo AofheGbf slt k|ltzt a9L jf sd Aofh /sd k|fKt x'g ;S5
xf]nf <
3. s'g} wgsf] jflif{s 10 % Aofhsf b/df 2 jif{sf] cw{jflif{s / jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhsf] cGt/
?= 88.10 x'G5 eg]
-c_ pSt wg/flz kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ ;f] wg/flz jflif{s 15 % Aofhsf b/df 1 jif{sf] nflu s'g} ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf hDdf ug]{
xf] eg] slt ld>wg k|fKt x'G5 <
4. 2 jif{df, 12 % jflif{s Aofhb/df s'g} /sdsf] ;fwf/0f / jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhsf] of]ukmn ?= 1236
x'G5 eg]
-c_ ;fFjf /sd kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ ;f]xL ;fFjf, ;f]xL ;do / ;f]xL Aofhb/df s'g} a}ª\sdf hDdf ubf{ slt cw{jflif{s rj|mLo
Aofh k|fKt x'G5 <
5. Ps ;fx'n] 3 % jflif{s Aofhb/df s]xL /sd ;fk6 lnP5 / ;f] /sd jflif{s 5 % rj|mLo

Aofhsf] b/n] nufgL u/]5 . olb 3 jif{kl5 p;n] o; sfo{af6 ?= 1082 nfe u/]5 eg] slt
/sd ;fk6 lnPsf] /x]5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

d"Nofª\sg

lbOPsf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
Ps JolStn] 5% jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhb/df s]xL /sd s'g} a}ª\saf6 C0f lnP5 . p;n] ;f] /sd
jflif{s 4 % cw{jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhsf] b/n] s'g} Jofkf/df nufgL u/]5 . olb 2 jif{kl5 p;n] o;
sfo{af6 ?= 4,646.25 nfe u/]5 eg] slt /sd C0f lnOPsf] /x]5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 43 sf] cEof; 2.1 sf] k|Zg g= 9 sf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .
 cf7f}F / gjf}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ljleGg ;dox¿df x'g] ld>wgx¿af6 ;DalGwt ;fFjf, Aofhb/ cflb kQf nufpg
-v_ ljleGg ;dox¿df x'g] Aofhx¿af6 ;DalGwt ;fFjf, Aofhb/ cflb kQf nufpg

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ Ps Pscf]6f A4 sfuh afF8\g'xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]snfO{ rj|mLo Aofh tyf rj|mLo ld>wg;Fu ;DalGwt ;Dk"0f{ ;"qx¿ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ / o;
j|mddf ljBfyL{nfO{ Pscfk;df ;Nnfx ug]{ sfo{ u/fpg'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps÷Pscf]6f k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgx¿sf ;dfwfgx¿ sfkLdf n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ tf]lsPsf] ;dokZrft\ s'g} Pp6f ;d"xnfO{ ;dfwfgx¿ k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / afFsL ;d"xnfO{
;dfwfgx¿ ;xL ePgePsf] hfFr ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1. jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhdf s'g} /sd 2 jif{df ld>wg ?= 15,840 / 3 jif{df ?= 19,008 k'U5 eg]
d"nwg / rj|mLo Aofhb/ kQf nufpg'xf];\ . ;f]xL /sd ;f]xL Aofhb/df slt ;do a}ª\sdf
hDdf ubf{ ;fwf/0f Aofh ?= 6,600 x'G5 <
;dfwfg
klxnf] ;t{cg';f/,
ld>wg (CA) = ?= 15,840

;do (R) = 2 jif{

;"qcg';f/,
R T
(CA) = P (1 + )
100
 R 2
⟹ 15840 = P (1 +
100
) ………….. (i)

bf];|f] ;t{cg';f/,
ld>wg (CA) = ?= 19,008

;do (R) = 3 jif{

;"qcg';f/,
R T
(CA) = P (1 + )
100
R 3
⟹ 19008 = P (1 + 100) ………….. (ii)

; (ii) nfO{ ; (i) n] efu ubf{,

R 3
P (1 +
19008 100)
=
15840 R 2
P (1 +
100)
6 R
⟹ = (1 + 100)
5
6 R
⟹ −1 =
5 100
1 R
⟹ =
5 100
∴ R = 20 % k|ltjif{

R = 20 % sf] dfg ; (i) df /fVbf,

R 2
15840 = P (1 + 100)

20 2
⟹ 15840 = P (1 + 100)

120 2
⟹ 15840 = P ( 100 )

⟹ 15840 = P ( 1.2 )2

∴ R = ?= 11,000

ca,
Aofhb/ (R) = 20 % k|ltjif{
;fFjf (P) = ?= 11,000
 Aofh (I) = ?= 6,600

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
I × 100
P =
P×R
6600 × 100
=
11000 × 20

= 3 jif{

2. lglZrt jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhb/n] s'g} /sd 3 jif{df ?= 66,550 / jif{df ?= 73,205 x'G5 eg]
Aofhb/ / pSt d"nwg kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
3. jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhb/n] s'g} wg/flz 2 jif{ / 4 jif{sf] cGTodf ?= 19360 / ?= 23425.60 x'G5
eg] d"nwg / rj|mLo Aofhb/ kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
4. jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhb/n] s'g} /sd 3 jif{df ?= 1331 / 4 jif{df ?= 1464.10 k'U5 eg] ;fFjf /
Aofhb/ kQf nufpg'xf];\ . ;f]xL /sd / ;f]xL Aofhb/df jif{sf] cGTodf Ps rf}yfO rj|mLo
Aofh slt x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 3

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps÷Pscf]6f k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgx¿sf ;dfwfgx¿ sfkLdf n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ tf]lsPsf] ;dokZrft\ s'g} Pp6f ;d"xnfO{ ;dfwfgx¿ k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / afFsL ;d"xnfO{
;dfwfgx¿ ;xL ePgePsf] hfFr ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1. s'g} /sdsf] klxnf] Ps jif{sf] / klxnf] b'O{ jif{sf] rj|mLo Aofhx¿ j|mdzM ?= 2500 /
?= 5250 5g\ eg] Aofhb/ tyf nufgL ul/Psf] /sd kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
;dfwfg
klxnf] jif{df,
Aofh (CI) = ?= 2,500

;do (R) = 1 jif{

;"qcg';f/,
 R T
(CI) = P [(1 + ) − 1]
100
R 1
⟹ 2500 = P [(1 + 100) − 1] ………….. (i)

bf];|f] jif{df,
Aofh (CI) = ?= 5,250

;do (R) = 2 jif{

;"qcg';f/,
R T
(CI) = P [(1 + ) − 1]
100
R 2
⟹ 5250 = P [(1 + 100) − 1] ………….. (ii)

; (i) nfO{ ; (ii) n] efu ubf{,

R 2
P[(1 + ) −1]
5250 100
=
2500 R 1
P[(1 + ) −1]
100

R 2
21 (1 + ) − (1)2
100
⟹ =
R 1
10
(1 + ) −1
100
R R
[(1 + ) − 1] [(1 + ) + 1]
100 100
⟹ 2.1 = R
(1 + )−1
100
R
⟹ 2.1 = 2 +
100
R
⟹ 0.1 =
100

∴ R = 10 % k|ltjif{

R = 10 % sf] dfg ; (i) df /fVbf,

R 1
2500 = P [(1 + 100) − 1]

10 1
⟹ 2500 = P [(1 + 100) − 1]

110 1
⟹ 2500 = P [( 100 ) − 1]
 ⟹ 2500 = P × 0.1

∴ R = ?= 25,000

2. jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhcg';f/ 1 jif{ / 2 jif{df s'g} /sdsf] rj|mLo Aofh j|mdzM ?= 450 / ?= 945
k'U5 eg] Aofhb/ / ;fFjf slt x'G5 <
3. s'g} /sdsf] klxnf] 1 jif{sf] / klxnf] 2 jif{sf] Aofhx¿ ?= 400 / ?= 832 5g\ eg] Aofhb/ tyf
d"nwg kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
4. s'g} /sdsf] 2 jif{ / 4 jif{sf] rj|mLo Aofh j|mdzM ?= 5,460 / ?= 12,066.60 5g\ . jflif{s rj|mLo
Aofhb/ / ;f] /sd kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
5. jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhcg';f/ s'g} /sd nufgL ubf{ nuftf/ klxnf] b'O{ jif{sf Aofhx¿ j|mdzM
?= 104 / ?= 109.408 eP, Aofhb/ tyf nufgL /sd kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

d"Nofª\sg

lbOPsf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
s'g} d"nwgsf] 2 jif{df jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh / ;fwf/0f Aofh j|mdzM ?= 1134.24 / ?= 1,088 eP,
;f] d"nwg / Aofhb/ lgsfNg'xf];\ .

-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 44 sf] cEof; 2.1 sf] k|Zg g=11 / 14 sf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .
 b;f}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ rj|mLo Aofhx¿;Fu ;DalGwt yk zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps÷Pscf]6f k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgx¿sf ;dfwfgx¿ sfkLdf n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ tf]lsPsf] ;dokZrft\ s'g} Pp6f ;d"xnfO{ ;dfwfgx¿ k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / afFsL
;d"xnfO{ ;dfwfgx¿ ;xL ePgePsf] hfFr ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1. Pp6f JolStn] ?= 46,875 sf] shf{ lnP5 . olb k|lt jif{ k|lt ?lkofF Aofhb/ 4 k};f eP slt
jif{df ?= 5853 rj|mLo Aofh ltg'{k5{ xf]nf <
2. Ps JolQmn] 3% k|ltjif{ ;fwf/0f Aofhsf b/n] s]xL /sd ;fk6 lnP5 / ;f] /sd jflif{s
5 % rj|mLo Aofhb/n] nufgL u/]5 . olb jif{kl5 p;n] o; sfo{af6 ?= 1082 gfkmf u/]5 eg]
hDdf slt /sd ;fk6L lnPsf] /x]5 <
3. s'g} wg/flzsf] jflif{s 8 % rj|mLo Aofhsf] lx;fan] 1 jif{sf] cGTodf rj|mLo Aofh ?= 2080
x'G5 eg] ;f]xL /flzsf] plQg} ;dodf pxL Aofhb/n] ;fwf/0f Aofh slt x'G5 <

lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps÷Pscf]6f k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgx¿sf ;dfwfgx¿ sfkLdf n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ tf]lsPsf] ;dokZrft\ s'g} Pp6f ;d"xnfO{ ;dfwfgx¿ k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / afFsL ;d"xnfO{
;dfwfgx¿ ;xL eP gePsf] hfFr ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1. dldnfn] 2 jif{sf nflu s'g} a}ª\sdf ?= 4,00,000 k|lt jif{ 10 % sf b/n] kfPsf] Aofhdf 5 % s/
 s6\6L ug]{ u/L jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh kfpg] u/L hDdf ul/5g\ . t/ l7s Ps jif{kl5 a}ª\sn] gLlt
kl/jt{g u/L ;f]xL Aofh b/df q}dfl;s jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh lbg] lg0f{o u/]5 .
-c_ s/ s6\6Lkl5 klxnf] jif{sf] Aofh /sd kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ s/ s6\6Lkl5 bf];|f] jif{sf] Aofh /sd slt xf]nf <
-O_ s/ s6\6Lkl5 klxnf] jif{sf] / bf];|f] jif{sf Aofh /sddf slt k|ltztn] km/s k/]5, kQf
nufpg'xf];\ .
;dfwfg
-c_ klxnf] jif{sf nflu,
;fFjf jf d"nwg (P) = ?= 4,00,000

;do (T) = 1 jif{

Aofhb/ (R) = 10 % k|ltjif{

;"qcg';f/,
R T
jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh (CI) = P [ (1 + ) −1]
100

10 1
= 400000 [ (1 + 100) − 1 ]

110 1
= 400000 [ ( 100 ) − 1 ]

= ?= 40,000
5 % s/ s6\6L u/L ;s]kl5sf] Aofh /sd (CI1 ) = ?= 40,000 - 5 % sf] ?= 40,000
5
= 40,000 - × 40000
100

= ?= 38,000

-cf_ bf];|f] jif{sf nflu,

;fFjf jf d"nwg (P) = ?= -4,00,000 + 38000) = ?= 4,38,000

;do (T) = 1 jif{

Aofhb/ (R) = 10 % k|ltjif{

;"qcg';f/,
R 4T
q}afnaflnsfdfl;s rj|mLo Aofh (CI) = P [ (1 + ) −1]
400
 10 4 × 1
= 438000 [ (1 +
400
) −1]

410 4
= 438000 [ ( 400 ) − 1 ]

= ?= 45,470.05
5 % s/ s6\6L u/L ;s]kl5sf] Aofh /sd (CI2 ) = ?= 45,470.05 - 5 % sf] ?= 45,470.05
5
= 45,470.05 - × 45,470.05
100

= ?= 43,197

-O_ ca,
CI2 −CI1 43197 − 38000
× 100 % = × 100 % = 13.67 %
CI1 38000

∴ s/ s6\6Lkl5 bf];|f] jif{sf] Aofh, klxnf] jif{sf] /sdeGbf 13.67 % n] a9L x'G5 .

2. /d]zn] ?= 8,000 dx]z / ;l/tfnfO{ afF8\/ lbP . dx]zn] 12 % sf] b/n] jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh
ltg{ ;xdt eof] eg], ;l/tfn] 15 % sf] b/n] ;fwf/0f Aofh ltg]{ eOg\ . olb 3 jif{sf] cGTodf,
pgLx¿n] hDdf ?= 3374.64 Aofhafkt lt/]sf] eP, k|To]snfO{ slt slt /sd C0f lbOPsf]
/x]5 <
3. dgf]x/n] ?= 48,000 ;]ljsf / k|z+;fnfO{ afF8/ lbP/ . ;]ljsf 12 % sf] b/n] cw{jflif{s rj|mLo
Aofh ltg{ ;xdt eOg\ eg] k|z+;fn] 10 % sf] b/n] jflif{s rj|mLo Aofh ltg]{ eOg\ . olb 2%

jif{sf] cGTodf, k|z+;fn] ;]ljsfn] eGbf ?= 630.4608 a9L Aofh lt/]sL eP, k|To]sn] slt–slt
/sd k|fKt u/]sf /x]5g\ <
4. k|sfzn] /fwf / xl/nfO{ 1 jif{sf nflu hDdf ?= 20,000 C0f lnPsf] /x]5 . /fwfnfO{ 15 %

cw{jflif{s Aofhsf b/n] Aofh / xl/nfO{ 18 % jflif{s rj|mLo Aofhsf b/n] Aofh ltg]{ d~h'/
11
u/]5 . olb /fwfnfO{ xl/eGbf 29 % a9L Aofh ltl/Psf] /x]5 eg] k|To]saf6 k|sfzn]
16

hDdf sltslt /sd C0f lnPsf] /x]5 <

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 44 / 45 sf] cEof; 2.1 sf] k|Zg g=12 / 13 sf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .
 P3f/f}F / afx|f}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ rj|mLo Aofhx¿;Fu ;DalGwt Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ tnsf] lj|mofsnfk n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/fO{ pSt Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{df cl3 a9\g
nufpg'xf];\ .

cfˆgf] 6f]nl5d]sdf /x]sf a}ª\s tyf laQLo ;+:yf jf ;xsf/Ldf hfg'xf];\ . tkfO{F uPsf] ;+:yfsf]
k|d'v jf ;"rgf clwsf/L jf hfgsf/L u/fpg] JolStnfO{ e]6L ljleGg lsl;dsf df}Hbft lgIf]k
of]hgfsf af/]df hfgsf/L lng'xf];\ . olb ;f] ;+:yfsf] a|f];/ kfpg'eof] eg] To;df ePsf
ljleGg lsl;dsf of]hgfsf] af/]df cWoog ug{'xf];\ . cfˆgf] cfdf, a'af jf 3/sf] c¿ sf]xL
;b:on] lglZrt /sd art ug{ vf]Hg' ePsf] 5 eg] s'g rflxF pko'St x'G5 egL ;Nnfx
lbg'x'G5 / lsg < cfˆgf ts{ ;d]6L Pp6f l/kf]6{ tof/ ug'{xf];\ . k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L
sIffsf]7fdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .

-3_ k|To]s ;d"xsf] k|:t'lt / pSt ;d"xdf /x]sf ljBfyL{sf] ;lj|motfsf cfwf/df ?la|S; agfO{
d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ kl/of]hgf sfo{sf j|mddf ljefhg ul/Psf] ;d"xdf k'gM
/fVg'xf];\ .
-v_ s]xL ;do kl/of]hgf sfo{ ubf{ s] s:tf cg'ejx¿ k|fKt eP ;f]af/] 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
-u_ o:t} lsl;dsf] kl/of]hgf sfo{nfO{ eljiodf cem yk k|efjsf/L 9ª\uaf6 ug{ s]s:tf
;'wf/sf sfo{x¿df Wofg /fVg cfjZos 5 < ;f]af/] Pp6f k|:t'lt tof/ ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ sIffdf k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ cfk\mgf] k|:t'lt ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
 kf7 3
j[l4 / x|f; (Growth and Depreciation)

kl/ro
hg;ª\Vof j[l4n] s'g} klg :yfgsf] hg;ª\Vofdf kl/jt{gsf sf/s tŒjx¿ h:t}M hGd, d[To' ,
cfGtl/s Pjd\ afx\o a;fOF;/fO cflbn] s] s:tf] / slt k|efj k/]sf] 5 eGg] hgfpF5 . pRr hGdb/
/ Go"g d[To'b/n] s'g} klg :yfgsf] hg;ª\Vof j[l4 x'G5 eg] o;df a;fOF;/fO u/L s'g} :yfgdf
cfPdf klg pSt :yfgsf] hg;ª\Vof a9\5 . hg;ª\Vof j[l4sf tYofª\sx¿ ;/sf/ tyf gLlt lgod
lgdf{tfx¿sf nflu dxŒjk"0f{ hfgsf/L x'g] ub{5 . o:tf tYofª\sx¿n] ;/sf/nfO{ b]zdf ljBdfg
ljleGg ;|f]t Pjd\ ;fwgx¿sf] ljt/0f Pjd\ Joj:yfkg, ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx¿sf] Joj:yfkg tyf
ljleGg cfly{s ljsf;sf sfo{j|mdx¿ tof/ ug{ tyf sfof{Gjog ug{ dbt k'U5 .
d"Nox|f; Ps ljQLo cjwf/0ff xf] h;n] s'g} klg j:t'sf] ;do laTb} hfFbf s;/L d"No 36\b} hfG5
eGg] ul0ftLo hfgsf/L k|bfg ub{5 . of] ljz]iftM b'O{ k|sf/df x'g] ub{5 . klxnf] ;fdfgsf] cj:yfdf
lau|g], efFlrg], k'm6\g] cflbn] x'g] x|f; x'G5 eg] csf]{ ljQLo x|f; h'g k|ljlw k|ultn] x'g] ub{5 .
ljleGg ljQLo ;+:yfx¿n] cfk\mgf] ;+:yfdf ljBdfg ;fdu|Lx¿sf] cj:yf x]l/sg d"No x|f;sf
lx;fax¿ /fVg] sfd ub{5g\ . o; kf7df ljleGg :yfgx¿df ePsf] jf x'g ;Sg] hg;ª\Vof;DaGwL
ul0ftLo zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ ljleGg ef}lts j:t'x¿df ;dofg';f/ x'g] d"Nox|f; jf j[l4;DaGwL
;dfwfg ug]{ sfo{ ul/g] 5 .
o; kf7sf nflu kf7\oj|mdn] tf]s]sf l;sfO pknlAwx¿ lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M
-s_ rj|mLo j[l4 / x|f;;DaGwL Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{
o; kf7sf nflu kf7\oj|mdn] hDdf 10 cg'dflgt 306fsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . t;y{ o;
kf7cGtu{t\ ;dfj]z kf7of+zsf] ljefhg lgDgfg';f/ ul/Psf] 5 M
cg'dflgt kf7\ok':tssf]
j|m=;= kf7\oj:t'
306f ;DalGwt k[i7
hgu0fgf ;DalGwt tYofª\sx¿ cWoog / hg;ª\Vof
1. 1 47 – 48
j[l4;Fu ;DalGwt ;"qx¿ k|ltkfbg
2. hg;ª\Vof j[l4;DaGwL zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg 1 49 – 50 , 55
3. hg;ª\Vof j[l4;DaGwL yk zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg 1 50 – 54, 56
hg;ª\Vof j[l4;DaGwL Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg
4. 2
sfo{
5. d"No x|f;sf] cjwf/0ff / ;"qx¿ k|ltkfbg 1 58 – 59, 63
6. d"No x|f;;DaGwL zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg 2 60 – 62, 63 , 65
8. Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ 2
hDdf 10
ljBfyL{df x'g ;Sg] ;Defljt unt a'emfO tyf cjwf/0ffx¿
- hg;ª\Vof j[l4 tyf d"Nox|f;;Fu ;DalGwt ;"q klxrfg / k|of]udf ;d:of
- s'g} ;dokl5 x'g] hg;ª\Vof tyf 36]sf] hg;ª\Vof klxrfg ug{ ;d:of
- d"Nox|f;kl5 s'g} ;dosf] cGt/fndf x'g] ;fdfgsf] d"No tyf 36]sf] jf:tljs d"No
klxrfg ug{ ;d:of

klxnf] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ g]kfndf hgu0fgfsf] ;'?jft / To;;Fu ;DalGwt tYofª\sx¿ cWoog ug{
-v_ hg;ª\Vof j[l4;Fu ;DalGwt ;"qx¿ k|ltkfbg ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
hgu0fgf;DaGwL tYofª\sx¿ ePsf rf6{x¿, k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ b'O{cf]6f ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 47 sf] k'g/jnf]sgdf lbOPsf] hg;ª\Vof;DaGwL :tDe lrq cWoog
ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-u_ o; j|mddf ljBfyL{nfO{ ;fdflhs lzIff ljifo cWoogaf6 klg hfgsf/Lx¿ lng nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ ;f] :tDelrq cWoogkZrft\ pSt lrq;Fu ;DalGwt k|Zgx¿af/] 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
-ª_ o; 5nkmnsf j|mddf cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .
yk k|Zgx¿M
-c_ g]kfnsf] hg;ª\Vof lj=;+= 1998 df slt lyof] <
-cf_ lj=;+= sf] t'ngfdf lj=;+= 2028 df hg;ª\Vof slt k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] b]lvG5 <
-O_ s'g jif{ cGt/fndf ;a}eGbf sd / ;a}eGbf w]/} hg;ª\Vof j[l4 ePsf] b]lvG5 <
-O{_ kl5Nnf] 50 jif{sf] hg;ª\Vof j[l4sf] :tDe lrqnfO{ cWoog ubf{ lj=;+= 2088 sf] k|f/lDes
hg;ª\Vof slt x'G5 xf]nf <
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;f]xL ;d"xx¿df /fVg'xf];\ .

-v_ rf6{k]k/df n]lvPsf] k|Zg afF8\g'xf];\ / ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgx¿sf] ;dfwfg n]Vg
nufpg'xf];\ .
k|Zg
lj=;+= 2079 sf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ s'g} gu/kflnsfsf] hg;ª\Vof lyof] . olb ;f] ;ª\Vof k|To]s jif{
2% n] j[l4 x'G5 eg]
-c_ lj=;+= 2080 ;fndf ;f] gu/kflnsfsf] hg;ª\Vof slt lyof] <
-cf_ lj=;+= 2081 ;fndf ;f] gu/kflnsfsf] hg;ª\Vof slt x'g]5 <
-O_ s] hg;ª\Vof j[l4 klg rj|mLo Aofh / ld>wgsf] u0fgf k|lj|mof;Fu ;dfg x'G5 <
oxfF,
lj=;+= 2079 sf] ;f] gu/kflnsfsf] hg;ª\Vof = 30,000

lj=;+= 2080 ;fndf ;f] gu/kflnsfsf] hg;ª\Vof = 30000 + 30000 sf] 2 %

2
= 30000 + 30000 ×
100
= 30,600
ca,
lj=;+= 2081 ;fndf ;f] gu/kflnsfsf] hg;ª\Vof = 30600 + 30600 sf] 2 %
2
= 30600 + 30600 ×
100
= 31,212
olb dflysf] ;d:ofnfO{ rj|mLo Aofh / ld>wgsf] u0fgf k|lj|mofaf6 ug]{ xf] eg],
oxfF,
lj=;+= 2079 sf] hg;ª\Vof (P) = 30,000

hg;ª\Vof j[l4b/ (R) = 2 % k|lt jif{

;do (T) = 2 jif{

2 jif{ kl5sf] hg;ª\Vof (P2) = ?

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
R T
PT = P (1 + 100)
 2 2
⟹ P2 = 30,000 (1 +
100
)

= 30,000 (1.02)2
= 31,212
o;/L aflx/L s'g} cj:yfn] c;/ gu/]df s'g} 7fpFsf] hg;ª\Vof Pp6f lglZrt b/df al9/x]sf]
x'G5 . / o; cj:yfdf hg;ª\Vof j[l4;DaGwL ;d:ofnfO{ rj|mLo Aofh k|0ffnL;Fu t'ngf
u/]/ ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 .
t;y{,

R T
T jif{kl5 hg;ª\Vof PT = P (1 + 100)

T jif{kl5sf] a9]sf] hg;ª\Vof = PT − P

R T
= P (1 + ) −P
100

R T
= [P (1 + ) − 1]
100

oxfF,
P = ;'?sf] jif{sf] hg;ª\Vof
R = hg;ª\Vof j[l4b/
T = ;dofjlw

-u_ ljBfyL{sf] 5nkmnaf6 cfPsf] glthfnfO{ sIffdf k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / o; j|mddf
cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .

d"Nofª\sg
-s_ s'g} gu/kflnsfsf] ;'?cftL hg;ª\Vof / nuftf/ tLg jif{sf] hg;ª\Vof j[l4b/x¿ j|mdzM R1 %,

R2 % / R3 % eP t];|f] jif{sf] cGTodf pSt gu/kflnsfsf] hg;ª\Vof slt x'G5 < ;"q
n]Vg'xf];\ .
-v_ lj=;+= 2068 ;fnsf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ s'g} ufpFkflnsfsf] hg;ª\Vof 45,000 lyof] . olb ;f]
hg;ª\Vof k|To]s jif{ 2.5 % n] j[l4 x'G5 eg],
-c_ lj=;+= 2069 ;fndf pSt ufpFkflnsfsf] hg;ª\Vof slt lyof] <
-cf_ lj=;+= 2070 ;fndf pSt ufpFkflnsfsf] hg;ª\Vof slt lyof] <
 -O_ olb lj=;+= 2069 sf] ;'?jftdf 520 hgf hg;ª\Vof a;fO ;/]/ uPsf lyP eg] pSt :yfgsf]
hg;ª\Vof lj=;+= 2070 ;fnsf] ;'?cftdf slt lyof] xf]nf, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

bf];|f] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ hg;ª\Vof j[l4;DaGwL zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
ljBfyL{sf] /f]n g= n]lvPsf ;;fgf sfuhx¿ / ;f] sfuhx¿ /fVgsf nflu Pp6f a6\6f, k|Zgx¿
n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ ljBfyL{sf] /f]n g+= n]lvPsf ;;fgf sfuhx¿ /flvPsf] a6\6faf6 gx]/Lsg Pp6f sfuh
lgsfNg'xf];\ .
-v_ pSt sfuhdf n]lvPsf] /f]n gDa/ ePsf] ljBfyL{nfO{ k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ .
-u_ ;dfwfg ldn]df yk k|Zgx¿ ;f]Wb} hfg'xf];\ t/ gldn]sf] v08df csf]{ sfuh lgsfnL ;f]
sfuhdf pNn]v ePsf] ljBfyL{nfO{ k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
-c_ ;'?cftL hg;ª\Vof (P) , j[l4b/ (R) / ;do (T) ePsf] cj:yfdf T jif{kl5sf] hg;ª\Vof
slt x'G5 <
-cf_ ;'?cftL hg;ª\Vof (P) , j[l4b/ (R) / ;do (T) ePsf] cj:yfdf T jif{kl5sf] a9]sf]
hg;ª\Vof slt x'G5 <
-O_ olb ;'?cftL hg;ª\Vof (P) / nuftf/ b'O{ jif{sf] hg;ª\Vof j[l4b/x¿ R1 % / R2 % eP
2 jif{kl5sf] hg;ª\Vof slt x'G5 <
-O{_ lj=;+= 2078 sf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ g]kfnsf] hg;ª\Vof j[l4b/ slt 5 <
-p_ s'g} klg 7fpFsf] hg;ª\Vof kl/jt{gdf d'Votof s'g s'g tŒjn] k|efj kfb{5g\ <
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ ljBfyL{nfO{ k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;d"xdf 5nkmn ug{ nufO{ k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / o; j|mddf
cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1. s'g} Pp6f ;x/sf] clxn]sf] hg;ª\Vof 1,70,000 5 . olb of] jflif{s 2 % sf b/n] a9\5
eg] 2 jif{kl5 x'g cfpg] hg;ª\Vof kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
2. lj=;+= 2075 / lj=;+= 2077 df Pp6f ;x/sf] hg;ª\Vof j|mdzM 40,000 / 44,100 lyof]

eg] jflif{s hg;ª\Vof j[l4b/ lgsfNg'xf];\ .

oxfF,
;'?cftL hg;ª\Vof (P) = 40,000

2 jif{kl5sf] hg;ª\Vof (P2) = 44,100

;do (T) = 2 jif{

;"qcg';f/,
R T
PT = P (1 + )
100

R 2
⟹ P2 = 40000 (1 + )
100

R 2
⟹ 44100 = 40000 (1 + )
100
44100 R 2
⟹ = (1 + )
40000 100

441 R 2
⟹ = (1 + )
400 100

R 2
⟹ 1.1025 = (1 + )
100
R 2
⟹ (1.05)2 = (1 + 100)
R
∴ 1.05 = 1 +
100
R
⟹ 0.05 =
100

∴ R=5% k|ltjif{
3. slt jif{df jflif{s 5 % j[l4b/n] Pp6f ;x/sf] hg;ª\Vof 24400 af6 a9]/ 26901 k'U5
 xf]nf < kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
4. Pp6f ;x/sf] hg;ª\Vof 80,000 5 . olb hGdsf] sf/0fn] 2%/ cGoqaf6 a;fOF;/fO
u/L oxfF cfPsf] sf/0fn] 3 % sf] b/n] hg;ª\Vof j[l4 x'Fbf 2 jif{kl5 pSt ;x/sf]
hg;ª\Vof slt x'g]5 <
5. 2 jif{ klxn] s'g} Pp6f ufpFsf] hg;ª\Vof 40,000 lyof] . olb hGdsf] sf/0fn] 4.5 %

k|ltjif{ / d[To'sf] sf/0fn] 2 % k|lt jif{sf b/n] hg;ª\Vofdf kl/jt{g cfPsf] /x]5 eg]
To; ufpFsf] clxn]sf] hg;ª\Vof slt xf]nf < kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
6. s'g} 7fpFsf] hg;ª\Vof k|ltjif{ 5 % sf b/n] j[l4 x'Fb5 . olb 2 jif{sf] cGTodf pSt
:yfgsf] hg;ª\Vof 10000 eof] / 1025 hgf dflg;x¿ cGoq a;fOF ;/L uP eg] pSt
:yfgsf] ;'?cftL hg;ª\Vof slt lyof] < kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
7. 3 jif{ cl3 s'g} ;x/sf] hg;ª\Vof 150000 lyof] . olb jflif{s hg;ª\Vof j[l4b/ kl5Nnf]
3 jif{df j|mdzM 2%,4% / 5% lyof] eg] pSt ;x/sf] xfnsf] hg;ª\Vof kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 55 sf] k|=g= 1 b]lv 8 ;Ddsf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

t];|f] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ hg;ª\Vof j[l4;DaGwL yk zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf rf6{
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps÷Pscf]6f k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgx¿sf ;dfwfgx¿ sfkLdf n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ tf]lsPsf] ;dokZrft\ s'g} Pp6f ;d"xnfO{ ;dfwfgx¿ k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / afFsL ;d"xnfO{
;dfwfgx¿ ;xL ePgePsf] hfFr ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1. lj=;+= 2065 sf] ;'?df Pp6f ;x/sf] hg;ª\Vof 250000 lyof] / hg;ª\Vof j[l4b/ a;]{lg 2.5 %

5 . lj=;+= 2066 sf] ;'?df 3750 hgf cGoq 7fpFaf6 ToxfF a;fOF ;/]/ cfP eg] lj=;+= 2068

sf] ;'?df ;f] ;x/sf] hg;ª\Vof slt lyof] <

oxfF,
lj=;+= 2065 af6 lj=;+= 2066 ;Dd cfOk'Ubf,
;'?sf] hg;ª\Vof (P) = 250000

hg;ª\Vof j[l4b/ (R) = 2.5 % k|ltjif{

;do (T) = 1 jif{

;"qcg';f/,
R T
PT = P (1 + 100)

2.5 1
⟹ P1 = 250000 (1 + 100)

102.5 1
= 250000 ( 100 )

= 256250
ca,
lj=;+= 2066 sf] ;'?df 3750 hgf cGoqaf6 pSt 7fpFdf a;fOF ;/L cfPsfn],
lj=;+= 2066 af6 lj=;++= 2068 ;Dd cfOk'Ubf,
;'?sf] hg;ª\Vof (P) = 256250 + 3750 = 260000

hg;ª\Vof j[l4b/ (R) = 2.5 % k|ltjif{

;do (T) = 2 jif{
;"qcg';f/,
R T
PT = P (1 + )
100

2.5 2
⟹ P2 = 260000 (1 + )
100

102.5 2
= 260000 ( )
100

= 273162.5
∴ hg;ª\Vof bzdnjdf JoSt ug{ gldNg] ePsfn] pSt ;x/sf] hg;ª\Vof nueu 273163
 lyof] .
2. lj=;+= 2070 sf] ;'?df Pp6f ;x/sf] hg;ª\Vof 80,000 lyof] / hg;ª\Vof j[l4b/ jflif{s 4%

lyof] . lj=;+= 2071 sf] ;'?df 3200 dflg;x¿ cGoq a;fOF ;/]/ uP eg] lj=;+= 2073 sf]

;'?df ;f] ;x/sf] hg;ª\Vof slt lyof] xf]nf <

3. Pp6f hUufsf] xfnsf] d"No ?= 24,94,545.661 k|lt cfgf /x]sf] 5 . olb pSt hUufsf]
jflif{s d"No j[l4b/ 8.5 % eP 4 jif{ clu pSt hUufsf] d"No k|lt /f]kgL slt lyof] xf]nf,
kQf nufpg'xf];\ . - 1 /f]kgL = 16 cfgf_
4. v'k]{ ufpFsf] hg;ª\Vof k|To]s jif{ 10 % n] j[l4 x'G5 . 2 jif{sf] cGTodf ;f] ufpFsf] hg;ª\Vof
30000 lyof] . olb 5800 dflg;x¿ clGtddf a;fOF;/fOsf] ylkPsf lyP eg] ;'?sf] hg;ª\Vof
slt lyof] <
5. lj=;+= 2078 ;fndf Pp6f gu/ kflnsfsf] hg;ª\Vof 10,00,000 lyof] . lj=;+=2079 df 18000 hgf

cGoqaf6 a;fO ;/L cfP / 500 ljleGg sf/0faf6 d/] eg] 4 % hg;ª\Vof j[l4 b/n] pSt
gu/kflnsfsf] hg;ª\Vof lj=;+= 2081 ;fndf slt x'g]5 < kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 56 sf] k|=g= 9 b]lv 14 ;Ddsf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .
 rf}yf] / kfFrf}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ hg;ª\Vof j[l4;DaGwL Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{x¿

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ tnsf] lj|mofsnfk n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/fO{ pSt Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{df clu a9\g nufpg'xf];\
.
pko'St ;d"x lgdf{0f u/L k|To]s ;d"xn] cfk\mgf] j8f sfof{no uP/ clxn]sf] hg;FVof slt 5
tYofª\s ;ª\sng ug'{xf];\ . ufpFkflnsf jf j8f sfof{noaf6 jf cGo lstfa tyf :dfl/sfx¿
Gff]k|6oM f]uljBfyL{
u/L lj=;+ = 2078nflu
l;sfOsf ;fnsf] hgu0fgfaf6
cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sk|gfKtdfkb08
tYofª\s nfO{ k|cfwf/
2080 dfgLkl/of]
of]u ul/ cfk\mhgf]gfj8fsf]
sfo{
d"hg;ª\
Nofª\sVgofug'j[l{x4f];slt
\ . ePsf] 5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ . slt hgf cGoqaf6 a;fOF ;/]/ cfP, slt
hgf cGoq a;fOF ;/]/ uP / slt hgfsf] d[To' eof] ;Dk"0f{ tYofª\s ;ª\sng u/L k|ltj]bg
lj|tof/ kfg'{x–f];2\ / sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
mofsnfk
-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .
-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ lj=;+=2068 ;fnsf] hgu0fgfsf] tYofª\s k|bfg ug'{xf];\ / ;f]sf] cWoog u/L
lj=;+= 2078 ;fnsf] tYofª\s;Fu t'ngf ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-u_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ sIffdf k|:t'lt ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
 klxnf] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ d"No x|f;sf] cjwf/0ff a'e\mg
-v_ d"No x|f;;Fu ;DalGwt ;"qx¿ k|ltkfbg ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf rf6{x¿ .

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps÷Pscf]6f k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿M
-c_ Pp6f JolStn] 3 jif{ cufl8 ?= 4,50,000 df lsg]sf] df]6/;fOsn clxn] ?= 2,85,000
df laj|mL u¥of] eg] d"Nodf slt / lsg sdL eof] xf]nf <
-cf_ Pp6f lk|mh k'/fgf] ;fdfg laj|mL ug]{ k;naf6 vl/b ubf{ gofFeGbf ?= 24,000
;:tf]df lsGg kfOof] . lsg o:tf] ePsf] xf]nf <
-O_ s'g} Pp6f j:t'sf] xfnsf] d"No ?= 100 5 . olb k|To]s jif{ pSt df]afOnsf] d"Nodf
10 % n] x|f; cfpF5 eg] slxn] pSt j:t'sf] d"No ?= 0 x'G5 <
-u_ ljBfyL{lar k|Zgx¿ s]xL ;do 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ / cfPsf ;dfwfgx¿ kfn}kfnf] k|:t't
u/fpg'xf];\ . o; j|mddf cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 58 df ePsf] lj|mofsnfk 2 cfk;df 5nkmn u/L cWoog ug{ nufpg'xf];\
.
-u_ pSt 5nkmnsf j|mddf ljBfyL{nfO{ lgDgfg';f/ k|Zgx¿df j|mlds ¿kdf 5nkmn u/fO{ rj|mLo Aofh
lgsfNg] ;"q k|ltkfbg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-c_ jf:tljs d"No (V), ;do (T) / ld>x|f; b/ (R) lbOPsf] cj:yfdf s'g} j:t'sf] x|f;kl5sf]
d"No slt x'G5 <
-cf_ olb ;do 1 jif{ ePsf] v08df x|f;kl5sf] d"No / x|f; d"No sltslt x'G5 <
 -O_ ;f]xLcg'¿k bf];|f] jif{sf] x|f;kl5sf] d"No / x|f; d"No sltslt x'G5 <
-O{_ o;/L j:t'sf] d"No j|mlds ¿kdf 36\b} hfg] xf] eg] T jif{sf] cGTodf x|f;kl5sf] d"No /
x|f; d"No slt x'G5 xf]nf < kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

d"Nofª\sg
s'g} ;fdfgsf] d"No ?= 12000 5 . k|To]s jif{ pSt ;fdfgsf] d"No 5 % sf b/n] 36\5 eg] ;"q k|of]u
gu/Lsg 4 jif{kl5 pSt ;fdfgsf] d"No slt x'g]5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 63 sf] cEof; 3.2 sf] k|Zg g=1 b]lv 4 ;Ddsf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

bf];|f] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ d"No x|f;;DaGwL zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf rf6{
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ ljBfyL{sf] /f]n g= n]lvPsf ;;fgf sfuhx¿ /flvPsf] a6\6faf6 gx]/Lsg Pp6f sfuh
lgsfNg'xf];\ .
-v_ pSt sfuhdf n]lvPsf /f]n g= ePsf] ljBfyL{nfO{ k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ .
-u_ ;dfwfg ldn]df yk k|Zgx¿ ;f]Wb} hfg'xf];\ t/ gldn]sf] v08df csf]{ /f]n g+= sf] sfuh
lgsfln ;f] sfuhdf pNn]v ePsf] ljBfyL{nfO{ k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1. ;'?sf] d"No (V0 ) , d"Nox|f; b/ (R) / ;do (T) lbOPsf] cj:yfdf T jif{kl5sf] d"No
slt x'G5 <
2. ;'?sf] d"No (V0 ) , d"Nox|f; b/ (R) / ;do (T) lbOPsf] cj:yfdf T jif{ 36]sf] d"No slt
x'G5 <
 3. olb s'g} j:t'sf] ;'?sf] d"No (V0 ) / nuftf/ 3 jif{sf] d"No x|f;b/ R1 % ,R2 % /
R3 % eP 3 jif{kl5sf] pSt ;fdfgsf] d"No slt x'G5 <
4. s'g} Pp6f ;fdfgsf] d"No ?= 15,000 5 . olb pSt ;fdfgsf] d"Nox|f; k|ltjif{ 5% sf
b/n] x'g] xf] eg] 4 jif{kl5 pSt ;fdfgsf] d"No slt x'G5 <
5. 2 jif{df jflif{s 8.5 % sf b/n] s'g} Pp6f ;fdfgsf] d"Nodf ?= 3011.3375 n] x|f; cfP5
eg] pSt ;fdfgsf] jf:tljs d"No slt lyof] xf]nf, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps÷Pscf]6f k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{lar k|Zgx¿ s]xL ;do 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ / cfPsf ;dfwfgx¿ kfn}kfnf] k|:t't
u/fpg'xf];\ . o; j|mddf cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿M
1. s'g} Pp6f sDKo'6/sf] d"Nodf jflif{s 10 % sf b/n] d"Nox|f; x'G5 . xfn ?= 40,000 df
lslgPsf] sDKo'6/sf] d"No casf] 2 jif{kl5 slt x'G5 xf]nf, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
2. /fdn] 2 jif{ cufl8 Pp6f df]afOn ;]6 ?= 15,800 df lsg]sf] /x]5 . clxn] pSt df]afOnsf]
d"No 36]/ ?= 11,415.50 5 eg]
-c_ slt k|ltztn] d"No x|f; ePsf] /x]5 <
-cf_ slt jif{kl5 pSt df]afOn ;]6sf] /sd 36]/ ?= 9,703.175 x'g]5 <
3. /d]zn] s'g} Pp6f a; ?= 24,00,000 df lsg]sf] /x]5 . p;n] pSt a; ;fj{hlgs ufl8sf]
¿kdf rnfP/ 3 jif{df ?= 4,50,000 sdfP5 . olb 3 jif{ k|of]u ul/;s]kl5 p;n] pSt a;
8 % k|ltjif{ d"Nox|f; b/df a]Rb5 eg] p;nfO{ gfkmf jf gf]S;fg slt k|ltzt x'G5 < kQf
nufpg'xf];\ .
oxfF,
a;sf] jf:tljs d"No (V0) = ?= 24,00,000

;dofjlw (T) = 3 jif{

d"Nox|f; b/ (R) = 8 % k|ltjif{
xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
R T
(VT ) = V0 (1 − 100)
 8 3
(V3 ) = 24,00,000 (1 − )
100
92 3
= 24,00,000 (100)

= ?= 18,68,851.2

k]ml/,
3 jif{df ePsf] gfkmf = ?= 5,40,000=

a;sf] s"n d"No = 18,68,851.2 + 5,40,000

= ?= 23,18,851.2

ca,
a;sf] ;'?sf] d"No = ?= 24,00,000=

a;sf] 3 jif{kl5sf] d"No = ?= 23,18,851.2

2400000 − 2318851.2
∴ gf]S;fg % = × 100%
2400000
81148.8
= × 100%
2400000
= 3.38 %
4. s'g} Pp6f sDkgLsf] ;]o/sf] d"Nox|f; b/ 2 jif{df 4 % k|ltjif{ /x]5 . olb clxn] s]xL
;]o/sf] s'n /sd ?= 46,080 /x]5 eg] 2 jif{ klxn] slt ;]o/ ?= 100 k|lt ;]o/sf b/n]
a]lrPsf] /x]5 <
oxfF,
;do (T) = 2 jif{
d"Nox|f; b/ (R) = 4 % k|ltjif{
2 jif{kl5sf] s]xL ;]o/x¿sf] d"No (V2) = ?= 46,080

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
R T
VT = V0 (1 − 100)

4 2
⟹ V2 = V0 (1 − 100)

4 2
⟹ 46,080 = V0 (1 − 100)

96 2
⟹ 46,080 = V0 (100)
 ⟹ 46,080 = V0 (0.96)2

∴ V0 = ?= 50,000
5. pdfn] s'g} ;fdfg 3 jif{ cufl8 lsg]sL /lx5g\ . olb k|ltjif{ 10 % d"Nox|f;sf b/n] pSt
;fdfgsf] d"Nodf ?= 2710 n] x|f; ePsf] 5 eg] pSt ;fdfgsf] ;'?sf] d"No slt lyof] <
kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
6. /fwfn] 3 jif{ klxn] Pp6f lk|G6/ ?= 18,000 df lsg]sL /lx5g\ . olb pSt lk|G6/sf] d"Nox|f;
3 jif{df j|mdzM 4 % , 5 % / 8% n] x'g] xf] eg] xfnsf] d"No slt /x]5 <

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 63 sf] cEof; 3.2 sf] k|Zg g= 5 b]lv 11 ;Ddsf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

t];|f] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ d"No x|f;;DaGwL yk zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{x¿

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps÷Pscf]6f k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{lar k|Zgx¿ s]xL ;do 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ / cfPsf ;dfwfgx¿ kfn}kfnf] k|:t't
u/fpg'xf];\ . o; j|mddf cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1. s'g} ;fdfgsf] d"No jflif{s ld>x|f;sf] b/n] 1 jif{kl5 / 3 jif{kl5 j|mdzM ?= 184000 /
?= 155737.6 x'G5 eg]
-c_ ld>x|f; b/ slt x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ pSt ;fdfgsf] ;'?sf] d"No slt /x]5 <
-O_ olb ld>x|f; b/ 10 % k|lt jif{ x'g] xf] eg] slxn] pSt ;fdfgsf] d"No ?= 106288.2 x'g]5 <
-c_ oxfF,
 klxnf] ;t{df,
;do (T) = 1 jif{
1 jif{kl5sf] d"No (V1) = ?= 184000

;"qcg';f/,
R T
VT = V0 (1 − 100)

4 1
⟹ V1 = V0 (1 − 100)

R 1
∴ 184000 = V0 (1 − 100) … … … … … … … (i)

k]ml/,
bf];|f] ;t{df,
;do (T) = 3 jif{
3 jif{kl5sf] d"No (V1) = ?= 155737.6
;"qcg';f/,
R T
VT = V0 (1 − 100)

4 3
⟹ V3 = V0 (1 − 100)

R 3
∴ 155737.6 = V0 (1 − 100) … … … … … … … (ii)

; (ii) nfO{ ; (i) n] efu ubf{,

R 3
155737.6 V0 (1 − 100)
= 1
184000 V0 (1 − 100)
R

529 R 2
⟹ = (1 − )
625 100

23 2 R 2
⟹ (25) = (1 −
100
)

23 R
∴ = (1 − )
25 100
R 23
⟹ =1−
100 25

∴ R = 8 % k|ltjif{
-cf_ R = 8 sf] dfg ; (i) df /fVbf,
1
8
∴ 184000 = V0 (1 − 100)
92
⟹ 184000 = V0 (100)
∴ V0 = ?= 2,00,000
-O_ oxfF,
V0 = ?= 2,00,000

R = 8 % k|ltjif{

VT = ?= 1,06,288.2

;"qcg';f/,

R T
VT = V0 (1 − 100)
T
106288.2 10
⟹ = (1 − )
200000 100

⟹ 0.531441 = (0.9)T
⟹ (0.9)6 = (0.9)T
∴ T = 6 jif{

2. lglZrt jflif{s ld>x|f;sf] b/n] Pp6f df]6/;fOsnsf] d"Nodf 1 jif{kl5 / 2 jif{kl5 j|mdzM
?= 28,000 / ?= 53,760 n] d"Nox|f; x'G5 eg],
-c_ d"Nox|f; b/ kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ pSt df]6/;fOsnsf] ;'?sf] d"No slt /x]5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ df]6/;fOsn 3 jif{ rnfP/ s'g} JolQmnfO{ ?= 2,50,000 df a]lrof] eg] gfkmf jf gf]S;fg
slt eof], kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-c_ oxfF,
klxnf] ;t{,
;do (T) = 1 jif{
1 jif{kl5sf] d"Nox|f; /sd (V) = ?= 28,000
xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
 R 1
1 jif{kl5sf] d"Nox|f; /sd (V) = V0 [1 − (1 − ) ]
100
R 1
⟹ 28000 = V0 [1 − (1 − 100) ] … … … … … (i)

bf];|f] ;t{,
;do (T) = 2 jif{
2 jif{kl5sf] d"Nox|f; /sd (V) = ?= 53,760
xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
R 2
1 jif{kl5sf] d"Nox|f; /sd (V) = V0 [1 − (1 − 100) ]

R 2
⟹ 53760 = V0 [1 − (1 − 100) ] … … … … … (ii)

; (ii) nfO{ ; (i) n] efu ubf{,

R 2
V0 [1− (1 −
)]
53760 100
=
28000 R 1
V0 [1− (1 − )]
100

R 2
48 ( 1) 2 − ( 1 − )
100
⟹ = R 1
25 1− (1 − )
100
R R
48 [1 − (1 − )][1 + (1 − )]
100 100
⟹ = R
25 [1 − (1 − )]
100
48 R
⟹ = [1 + (1 − 100)]
25
48 R
⟹ = 2 − 100
25
R 48
⟹ = 2 − 25
100
R 2
⟹ =
100 25
∴ R = 8 % k|ltjif{

-cf_ R = 8 sf] dfg ; (i) df /fVbf,

 R 1
28000 = V0 [1 − (1 − ) ]
100
8 1
⟹ 28000 = V0 [1 − (1 − 100) ]

92 1
⟹ 28000 = V0 [1 − ( 100) ]

8
⟹ 28000 = V0 [100]

∴ V0 = ?= 3,50,000
-O_ oxfF,
;'?sf] d"No (V0 ) = ?= 3,50,000
;do (T) = 3 jif{

ld>x|f; b/ (R) = 8 % k|ltjif{

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
R T
VT = V0 (1 − 100)

8 3
⟹ V3 = 350000 (1 − 100)

= 350000 (0.92)3
= ?= 2,72,540.8
3. lglZrt jflif{s ld>x|f;sf] b/n] Pp6f ;fdfgsf] d"No 2 jif{kl5 / 3 jif{kl5 j|mdzM
?= 1,45,800 / ?= 1,31,220 x'G5 eg],
-c_ d"Nox|f; b/ kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ pSt ;fdfgsf] ;'?sf] d"No slt /x]5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ ;fdfg 4 jif{ rnfP/ s'g} JolStnfO{ ?= 1,22,550 df a]lrof] eg] gfkmf jf gf]S;fg s]
eof], kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
4. lglZrt jflif{s ld>x|f;sf] b/n] Pp6f lk|G6/ d]l;gsf] d"Nodf 1 jif{kl5 / 2 jif{kl5 j|mdzM
?= 3,75,000 / ?= 6,93,750 n] d"Nox|f; x'G5 eg],
-c_ d"Nox|f; b/ kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ pSt lk|G6/ d]l;gsf] ;'?sf] d"No slt /x]5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ lk|G6/ d]l;g 3 jif{ rnfP/ s'g} JolStnfO{ ?= 17,25,500 df a]lrof] eg] gfkmf jf gf]S;fg s]
eof], kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 65 sf] cEof; 3.2 sf] k|Zg g= 12 b]lv 14 ;Ddsf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

rf}yf] / kfFrf}F lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ d"Nox|f;;Fu ;DalGwt Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf rf6{x¿

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ ljBfyL{lar s]xL ;do rj|mLo Aofh, hg;ª\Vof j[l4 / d"Nox|f;sf ljifodf 5nkmn ug{
nufpg'xf];\ . o; 5nkmndf tnsf k|Zgx¿ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 .
-c_ b}lgs hLjgdf s'g} o:tf pbfx/0fx¿ kfpg ;lsG5 hxfF rj|mLo Aofh, hg;ª\Vof
j[l4 / d"Nox|f; Pscsf{df k|efljt x'g] jf k/:k/ k|efljt x'g] ub{5 <
-cf_ cfly{s sf/s tŒjx¿, k|ljlw ljsf; tyf ;/sf/L gLltx¿n] rj|mLo Aofh,
hg;ª\Vof j[l4 tyf d"Nox|f;df s:tf] k|efj kfb{5 <
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ tnsf] lj|mofsnfk n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/fO{ pSt Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{df clu a9\g
nufpg'xf];\ .
 k'/fgf ;fdfg ljj|mL ug]{ sDkgL jf k;n jf cGo ;+:yfx¿df hfg'xf];\ . pSt ;+:yfdf k|of]u
u/]sf cyjf ePsf ljB'tLo ;fdfg h:t}M ;jf/L ;fwg, kmf]6f]skL d]l;g, kmlg{r/ cflb ;fdfgsf]
j|mo d"No ;f]Wg'xf];\ . pSt ;fdfgsf] k|of]ukl5 clxn]sf] ;dodf a]Rg'kbf{ pSt ;fdfgsf] d"No
slt hlt xf]nf < Tof] ;fdfg vl/b u/]kl5 s] kmfObf jf slt cfDbfgL eof] < oL k|Zgsf]
;dfwfg;lxt pSt ;fdfu|Lsf] d"No slt k|ltztn] x|f; cfPsf] /x]5 kQf nufpg'xf];\ .pSt
;fdfg lj\aj|mL ubf{ slt k|ltzt gfkmf jf gf]S;fg x'G5 < o;af/]df Pp6f k|ltj]bg tof/ kf/L
sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .

Gff]6 M ljBfyL{ l;sfOsf nflu cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sg dfkb08 2080 k|of]u u/L Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo
;d:of ;dfwfg sfo{sf] d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\ .
 kf7 4
d'b|f / ljlgdo b/ (Currency and Exchange Rate)

kl/ro
cGt/f{li6«o cfly{s ahf/df d'b|f tyf ljlgdo b/x¿ cfwf/e"t cjwf/0ffx¿ x'g\ . d'b|fn] s'g} b]z
jf If]qdf cfly{s ljlgdosf] dfWodsf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5 . s'g} klg b]zdf d'b|fn] Jofkf/ tyf
cfly{s n]gb]gsf] ;'ljwf k|bfg ub{5 . d'b|fsf] ljlgdo b/df l:y/tfn] s'g} klg /fi6«sf] cfly{s
ljsf;df 7'nf]] e"ldsf v]N5 . ;/sf/ / s]Gb|Lo a}ª\sx¿n] d'b|f:kmLlt, Aofh b/ / ;du| cfly{s
l:y/tf Joj:yfkg ug{ cfk\mgf d'b|fx¿ glhsaf6 lgu/fgL / lgodg ug]{ u5{g\ .
ljlgdo b/n] s'g} Ps b]z jf If]qsf] d'b|fsf] t'ngfdf csf]{ d'b|fsf] ;fk]lIfs d"No lgwf{/0f ub{5 .
Aofh b/ kl/jt{g, d'b|f:kmLlt , e"/fhgLlts 36gfx¿ tyf cfly{s sfo{;Dkfbg h:tf ljleGg
sf/sx¿sf sf/0f ljb]zL ljlgdo ahf/df lg/Gt/ ptf/r9fj x'g] ub{5 . ljlgdo b/n] cGt/f{li6«o
Jofkf/ / nufgLdf lg0ff{os e"ldsf v]N5 . o;n] ljZjJofkL ahf/x¿df pTkfbg / pknAw
;]jfx¿sf] k|lt:kwf{TdstfnfO{ k|ToIf Pjd\ ck|ToIf c;/ ug]{ ub{5 . o; kf7df ljleGg b]zx¿df
x'g] d'b|f / ljlgdo b/sf] kl/jlt{t hfgsf/Lcg';f/ /sdx¿ ljlgdo;DaGwL zflAbs ;d:ofx¿
xn ul/g] 5 .
o; kf7sf nflu kf7\oj|mdn] tf]s]sf l;sfO pknlAwx¿ lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M
-s_ b]zsf] ljBdfg s/ k|0ffnL / a}ª\s tyf cGo ljQLo ;+:yfx¿df k|of]u x'g] rj|mLo Aofh;DaGwL
;d:ofx¿ xn ug{
o; kf7sf nflu hDdf kf7\oj|mdnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ 6 cg'dflgt 306fsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . t;y{
o; kf7cGtu{t\ ;dfj]z kf7of+zsf] ljefhg lgDgfg';f/ ul/Psf] 5 M
kf7\ok':tssf]
j|m=;= kf7\oj:t' cg'dflgt 306f
;DalGwt k[i7
ljleGg b]zx¿df k|of]u x'g] d'b|f / ltgLx¿sf]
1. ljlgdo b/ tyf cjd"Nog / clwd"Nog;DaGwL 2 66 – 68 , 73
hfgsf/L
d'b|f ljlgdodf sld;g, s/cflb hf]l8Psf
2. 2 68 – 72 , 73
zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ xn
6. Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ 2
hDdf 6
ljBfyL{df x'g ;Sg] ;Defljt unt a'emfO tyf cjwf/0ff
- cjd"Nog tyf clwd"Nogsf cjwf/0ffx¿ a'e\mg / ;f]cg'¿k kl/jlt{t ljlgdo b/ kQf
nufpg ;d:of
- olb r]g lgodaf6 ljleGg d'b|fx¿sf] ;6xL ug]{ xf] eg] pSt r]g lgoddf d'b|f ljlgdo
b/x¿ ldnfP/ /fVg ;d:of
- ljleGg d"b|fx¿sf] ljlgdo b/cg';f/ vl/bb/ jf laj|mLb/ 5gf]6 u/L k|of]u ug{df ;d:of

klxnf] / bf];|f] lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ljleGg b]zx¿df k|of]u x'g] d'b|f / ltgLx¿sf] ljlgdo b/ atfpg
-v_ vl/b b/ / laj|mL b/sf] hfgsf/Laf6 d'b|fx¿ ljlgdo ug{
-u_ d'b|f cjd"Nog / clwd"Nogaf/] cjwf/0ff JoSt ug{ ;f];DaGwL hfgsf/L ;ª\sng ug{ .

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
d'b|f ljlgdo b/sf] tflnsf / ;;fgf k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{x¿
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cluNnf] lbg g} hfgsf/L lbO{ ! cf]6f km/s km/s ;dodf k|sflzt ePsf d'b|f
ljlgdo b/ tflnsf ;ª\sng u/L Nofpg nufpg'xf];\ .
-v_ s]xL ;do ljBfyL{nfO{ pSt tflnsfx¿ Pscsf{;Fu b]vfO{ cfk;df s] s:tf a'emfOx¿ 5g\
;f]af/] 5nkmn ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-u_ OR5's ljBfyL{nfO{ sIffdf cfk"mn] a'e]msf s'/fx¿ k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ b'O{cf]6f ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ s'g} b'O{ km/s lbgsf] d'b|f ljlgdo b/sf] tflnsf afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{lar 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ / cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1= g]kfndf d'b|f ljlgdo b/ s;n] lgwf{/0f ub{5 <
2= vl/b b/ / laj|mL b/ eg]sf s] s] x'g\ <
 3= d'b|f ljlgdo b/ eg]sf] s] xf] / of] s;/L lgwf{/0f x'G5 <
4=] s'g} b'O{ b]zsf d'b|fx¿lar ljlgdo b/ s] s] sf/0fn] kl/jt{g x'G5 <
5= lbOPsf] d'b|f ljlgdo b/ tflnsfdf vl/b b/eGbf laj|mLb/ lsg a9L 5 xf]nf <
6= vl/b b/ / laj|mLb/ s'g s'g cj:yfdf k|of]u ul/G5 <
7= s'g} kfFr b]zx¿sf gfd / tL b]zx¿df k|of]u x'g] d'b|fx¿sf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .
8= d'b|fsf] cjd"Nog (Devaluation) / clwd"Nog (Revaluation) eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 <
9= lbOPsf] b'O{cf]6f d'b|f ljlgdob/ tflnsfcg';f/ cd]l/sL 8n/ 1 vl/b ug]{ cj:yfdf s:tf]
kl/jt{g kfpg ;lsG5 <
10= pSt b'O{ tflnsfx¿df lbOPsf b]zx¿afx]ssf s'g} cGo 3 b]zx¿sf gfd / ToxfF k|of]u
x'g] d'b|fx¿sf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .
11= lbOPsf] tflnsf cWoogaf6 yk s'g} 3 hfgsf/Lx¿ kfpg ;lsG5 < hfgsf/L ;ª\sng
u/L sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 3

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xx¿nfO{ k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{lar 5nkmn ug{ nufO{ k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ u/fpg'xf];\ . o; j|mddf
cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1= cho cfk\mgf] Jofkf/sf j|mddf csf]{ xKtf rLg e|d0f ub}{5g\ . o;sf nflu pgnfO{ s]xL
lrlgof o'cfg rflxPsf] 5 . To;sf/0f pgL ?= 2,50,00,000 lnP/ ;f6\gsf nflu glhs}sf] d'b|f
;6xL s]Gb|df hfG5g\ . olb ¥ 1 sf] vl/b tyf laj|mL b/ j|mdzM ?= 18.70 / ?= 18.79 eP,
-c_ o:tf] cj:yfdf s'g b/ k|of]u ul/G5 <
-cf_ p;n] slt lrlgofF o'cfg kfpF5g\ <
-O_ olb pgn] cfk\mgf] rLg e|d0f /f]s]/ cfk"m;Fu ePsf] lrlgofF o'cfg k]ml/ ;6xL s]Gb|af6
;f6] eg] pgnfO{ gfkmf jf gf]S;fg s] slt x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O{_ olb g]kfnL d'b|f 10 % n] cjd'Nog x'g] xf] eg] gofF vl/b b/ slt x'G5 xf]nf <

pQ/
-c_ chonfO{ lrgofF o'cfg rflxPsfn] pgnfO{ d'b|f ;6xL s]Gb| jf a}ª\sn] o'cfg laj|mL ub{5 .
t;y{ oxfF ¥ 1 = NRs. 18.79 b/sf] k|of]u ul/G5 .
-cf_ oxfF,
¥ 1 = NRs. 18.79
NRs. 2,50,00,000 = ¥ x -dfgf}F_
r]g lgodcg';f/,
∴ 1 × 25000000 = 18.79 × x
⟹ 25000000 = 18.79 x
∴ x = 1330494.94
NRs. 25000000 = ¥ 1330494.94
∴ chon] d'b|f ljlgdodfk{mt\ ¥ 1330494.94 kfpF5 .
-O_ oxfF,
cho rLg guO{ cfk"m;Fu ePsf] lrlgofF o'cfg g]kfnL d'b|fdf ;6xL ug]{ xf] eg] pgL;Fu
ePsf] o'cfg a}ª\sn] vl/b ub{5 . t;y{ o; cj:yfdf vl/b b/ k|of]u x'G5 .
NRs. 18.70 = ¥ 1
¥ 1330494.94 = NRs. x -dfgf}F_
r]g lgodcg';f/,
∴ 18.70 × 1330494.94 = x
∴ x = 24880255.38
¥ 1330494.94 = NRs. 2,48,80,255.38
∴ chon] d'b|f ljlgdodfk{mt\ NRs. 2,48,80,255.38 kfpF5 .
o;/L ;'?df cdf]gn] hDdf /sd NRs. 2,50,00,000 ;6xL u/]sf lyP t/ clxn] hDdf NRs.

2,48,80,255.38 dfq lkmtf{ kfP . To;sf/0f o; ljlgdodf chonfO{ gf]S;fg eof] .

∴ gf]S;fg = 25000000 – 24880255.38
= NRs. 119744.62
-O{_ olb g]kfnL d'b|f 10 % n] cjd'Nog x'g] xf] eg] gofF vl/b b/,
oxfF,
¥ 1 = NRs. 18.70 5.
¥ 1 = NRs. 18.70 + NRs. 18.70 sf] 10 %
 10
= 18.70 + 18.70 ×
100
= 18.70 + 1.87
∴ ¥ 1 = NRs. 20.57

2= olb cd]l/sL 8n/ ($) 500 = kfpG8 :6]ln{ª (£) = 390 / NRs. 7547 = £ 50 5 eg] NRs. 10,500

sf] slt cd]l/sL 8n/ ;f6\g ;lsG5 xf]nf, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

oxfF,
$ 500 = £ 390
£ 50 = NRs. 7547
NRs. 10,500 = $ x -dfgf}F_
r]g lgodcg';f/,
∴ 500 × 50 × 10500 = 390 × 7547 × x
⟹ 262500000 = 2943330 x
∴ x = 89.18

NRs. 10500 = $ 89.18 x'G5 .

3= OlGb/f;Fu s]xL 8]lg; j|mf]g/ lyof] . pgn] ;f] /sd g]kfnsf] s'g} a}ª\sdf uP/ g]kfnL ?lkofF;Fu
;f6\bf ?= 3,94,910 k|fKt ul/g\ . olb 8]lg; j|mf]g/ (Kr) a/fa/ vl/b b/ ?= 17.23 / laj|mL b/
?= 17.31 eP
-c_ o:tf] cj:yfdf s'g b/ k|of]u ePsf] /x]5 <
-cf_ OlGb/fn] slt 8]lg; j|mf]g/ ;f6]sL /lx5g\ <
-O_ olb OlGb/fn] d'b|f ;f6\g'eGbf l7s cufl8 g]kfnL d'b|f 8 % n] clwd"Nog ePsf] eP
pgn] slt g]kfnL /sd k|fKt ug]{ lyOg\ xf]nf <
4= g]kfnL d'b|fdf ePsf] cjd"Nogsf] sf/0fn] dn]l;og l/Flu6 1 MYR = NRs. 25 af6 1 MYR =

NRs. 28.75 k'Uof] eg] slt k|ltztn] g]kfnL d'b|f cjd"Nog jf clwd"Nog ePsf] /x]5 < gofF
ljlgdo b/cg';f/ ?= 50,000 dn]l;og l/Flu6df ;6xL ubf{ slt k|fKt x'G5 <

5= olb g]kfnL ?lkofFdf 5 % n] cjd"Nog x'Fbf cd]l/sL 8n/;Fusf] ljlgdo b/ US $ 1 =

NRs. 135.5 5 eg] cjd"Nog x'g'eGbf klxn]sf] ljlgdo b/ slt lyof] xf]nf <
u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g=73 sf] k|Zg g=1 b]lv 5 ;Ddsf k|Zgx¿ klxnf] lbg / k|Zg g=6 b]lv 11

;Ddsf k|Zgx¿ bf];|f] lbg ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

t];|f] / rf}yf] lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ d'b|f cjd"Nog / clwd"Nogsf] sf/0fn] x'g] gfkmf jf gf]S;fg kQf nufpg
-v_ d'b|f ljlgdodf sld;g, s/ cflb hf]l8Psf zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{x¿

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ k"j{ hfgsf/Lcg';f/ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ km/s km/s ;dosf] Ps Pscf]6f d'b|f ljlgdo
;"rL;lxt tof/ x'g nufpg'xf];\ .
-v_ ljBfyL{nfO{ b'O{ b'O{ hgfsf] hf]8Ldf a:g nufpg'xf];\ .
-u_ b'j} ljBfyL{nfO{ d'b|fx¿df ePsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ Pp6f tflnsfdf k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . h;df
d'b|fx¿sf] ljlgdo b/ / /sdfGt/ klg pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .
-3_ sIffdf OR5's s]xL ;d"xx¿nfO{ k|fKt glthf k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / o;/L d'b|fsf]
ljlgdodf ePsf] 36La9LnfO{ s] elgG5 ;f]af/] klg pgLx¿sf] a'emfO eGg nufpg'xf];\ .
-ª_ o; lj|mofsnfkdf ljBfyL{lar cjd"Nog / clwd"Nogsf] cjwf/0ff klg pbfx/0f;lxt JofVof
ug'{xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{lar pSt k|Zgx¿ 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ / cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1= k|z+;fnfO{ s]xL cd]l/sL 8n/ rflxPsfn] ;f6\gsf nflu pgL a}ª\sdf hflG5g\ . olb cd]l/sL
 d'b|fsf] ljlgdo b/ lgDgfg';f/ eP,
d'b|f PsfO vl/b b/ -?=_ laj|mL b/ -?=_
cd]l/sL 8n/ 1 133.25 133.70

-c_ of] cj:yfdf s'g b/ k|of]u x'G5 <

-cf_ k|z+;fn] ?= 2,00,000 sf] slt cd]l/sL 8n/ k|fKt ul5{g\ <
-O_ olb k|z+;fnfO{ $ 15000 rflxPsf] 5 / pgn] a}ª\snfO{ 2.5 % sld;g klg ltg'{kb{5 eg]
pgnfO{ hDdf slt g]kfnL /sd rflxG5 <
pQ/
-c_ k|z+;fnfO{ cd]l/sL 8n/ rflxPsfn] pgnfO{ d'b|f ;6xL s]Gb| jf a}ª\sn] cd]l/sL 8n/ laj|mL
ub{5 . t;y{ oxfF $ 1 = NRs. 133.70 b/sf] k|of]u ul/G5 .
-cf_ oxfF,
$ 1 = NRs. 133.70
NRs. 2,00,000 = $ x -dfgf}F_
r]g lgodcg';f/,
∴ 1 × 200000 = 133.70 × x
⟹ 200000 = 133.70 x
∴ x = 14495.89
NRs. 200000 = $ 14495.89
∴ k|z+;fn] d'b|f ljlgdodfk{mt\ $ 14495.89 kfpFl5g\ .

-O_ oxfF,
NRs. 133.70 = $ 1
$ 15000 = NRs. x -dfgf}F_
r]g lgodcg';f/,
∴ 133.70 × 15000 = 1 × x
⟹ 2005500 = x
∴ x = 2005500
$ 15000 = NRs. 2005500
ca,
2.5 % sld;g cg';f/,
 sld;g;lxt hDdf ltg'{kg]{ /sd = NRs. 2005500 + NRs. 2005500 sf] 2.5 %
2.5
= 2005500 + 2005500 ×
100
= 2005500 + 50137.5
= NRs. 2055637.5

2= uf}/j ?= 2,00,000 sf] xª\sª 8n/ lsGg rfxG5g\ . o;sf nflu p;n] 2.5 % sld;g ltg'{kb{5 .
olb $ 1 HKD a/fa/sf] vl/b b/ / laj|mL b/x¿ j|mdzM NRs. 14 / NRs. 14.25 eP

-c_ sld;g a/fa/ slt /sd ltg'{kg]{ x'G5 <

-cf_ of] cj:yfdf s'g b/sf] k|of]u x'G5 <
-O_ uf}/jn] slt xª\sª 8n/ k|fKt ug]{5g\ <
3= d'b|f ljlgdo AUD $ 1 = NRs. 88.23 x'Fbf df]xgn] ?= 2,00,000 df s]xL c:6«]lnog 8n/ lsg] .
t/ kfFr lbgkl5 c:6«]lnog 8n/sf] t'ngfdf g]kfnL d'b|f 5 % cjd'Nog ePsf] lbg df]xgn]
k]ml/ g]kfnL ?lkofF ;f6\bf p;nfO{ slt k|ltzt gfkmf jf gf]S;fg x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

4= O6nLdf Jofkf/ ug]{ g]kfnL d'n'ssf Jofkf/Ln] g]kfndf cfPsf] a]nf 1200 cf]6f g]kfnL kl:dgf
;n ?= 4,500 sf b/n] sf7df8f}Fdf lsg] 5g\ . p;n] lgof{t s/afkt 10 % lt/]/ O6nL nlu
25 % gfkmf u/L a]Rbf ;a} g]kfnL kl:dgf ;n slt o'/f]df a]Rg' knf{, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
(€ 1 = NRs. 132.5)
oxfF,
1 cf]6f g]kfnL kl:dgf ;nsf] d"No = NRs. 4,500

1200 cf]6f g]kfnL kl:dgf ;nsf] hDdf d"No = NRs. 4500 × 1200 = NRs. 54,00,000

10 % lgof{t s/;lxtsf] 1200 cf]6f g]kfnL kl:dgf ;nsf] j|mod"No

= NRs. 54,00,000 + NRs. 54,00,000 sf] 10 %
10
= 54,00,000 + 54,00,000 ×
100
= 5400000 + 540000
= NRs. 59,40,000

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
€ 1 = NRs. 132.5
NRs. 5940000 = € x -dfgf}F_
r]g lgodcg';f/,
 ∴ 1 × 5940000 = 132.5 × x
⟹ 5940000 = 132.5 x
∴ x = 44830.19
NRs. 5940000 = € 44830.19
hDdf j|mdd"No -o'/f]df_ = € 44830.19

25 % gfkmf u/L a]Rg' kbf{,

k]ml/ 1200 cf]6f ;nsf] ljj|mo d"No = € 44830.19 + € 44830.19 sf] 25 %
25
= 44830.19 + 44830.19 ×
100
= 44830.19 + 11207.55
= € 56037.74
∴ ;a} kl:dgf ;nsf] ljj|mo d"No = € 56037.74

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 ;= 75 sf] k|Zg g= 9 / 10 sf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

kfFrf}F / 5}6f}F lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ d'b|f / ljlgdo;DaGwL Jofjxfl/s ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{x¿

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ /

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ tnsf] lj|mofsnfk n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/fO{ pSt Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{df
nufpg'xf];\ .
 Kflqsf jf OG6/g]6af6 vf]h u/L s'g} Ps lbgsf] ljb]zL d'b|f ljlgdo b/ kQf nufpg'xf];\ . b'O{
lbg cufl8 / pSt lbgdf s'g} d'b|f ljlgdo b/df sltsf] km/s kfpg ;lsG5 jf Pp6} kfpg
;lsG5 < ;fy} pSt lbgdf cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df ;'g k|lt s]=hL= jf k|lt tf]nf jf k|lt u|fd
slt 5 < cd]l/sfdf slt 5 < a]nfotdf slt 5 < c:6«]lnofdf slt 5 < ;+o'St c/a
Old/]6df slt 5 < pSt lbgdf s'g b]zsf] s'g ;x/df lsGbf sltn] ;:tf] kb{5 < o;af/]df
Pp6f k|ltj]bg tof/ kf/L sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .

Gff]6M ljBfyL{ l;sfOsf nflu cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sg dfkb08 2080 k|of]u u/L kl/of]hgf sfo{
d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ kl/of]hgf sfo{sf j|mddf ljefhg ul/Psf] ;d"xx¿df k'gM
/fVg'xf];\ .
-v_ s]xL ;do kl/of]hgf sfo{ ubf{ s]s:tf cg'ejx¿ k|fKt eP ;f]af/] 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
-u_ o:t} lsl;dsf] kl/of]hgf sfo{nfO{ eljiodf cem yk k|efjsf/L 9ª\uaf6 ug{ s] s:tf
;'wf/sf sfo{x¿df Wofg /fVg cfjZos 5 < ;f]af/] Pp6f k|:t'lt tof/ ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ sIffdf k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ cfk\mgf] s'/fx¿ k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
 kf7 5
If]qkmn / cfotg (Area and Volume)

kl/ro
If]qkmn / cfotg Hofldltsf cfwf/e"t cjwf/0ffx¿ x'g\ . o;n] s'g} klg b'O{ jf tLg cfoflds
HofldtLo j:t'x¿n] slt / s;/L s'g} klg ;tx jf 7fpF cf]u6]sf] 5 eGg] ljifodf hfgsf/L lbg]
sfo{ ub{5 . If]qkmnn] cfot , j[Q jf s'g} k|sf/sf clgoldt ax'e'hx¿n] cf]u6]sf] ;txsf]
dfqfnfO{ hgfpF5 . If]qkmnsf] cjwf/0ffn] s'g} klg ;txdf s'g} j:t'sf] k}mnfj6 s] s;/L ePsf]
5 eGg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lbG5 . o;k|sf/sf] hfgsf/Ln] cfljm{6]Sr/b]lv s[lif;Ddsf ljleGg
lj|mofsnfkdf 7'nf]] 6]jf k'Ug] ub{5 .
Hofldltdf cfotg tLg cfoflds cjwf/0ff xf] . cfotg eGgfn] s'g} klg 7f]; j:t' h:t} 3g,
cfoftfsf/ j:t', uf]nf, ;f]nL cflb HofldtLo j:t'x¿n] xfjfdf cf]u6]sf] efunfO{ hgfpF5 .
cfotgsf] cjwf/0ff OlGhlgol/ª\, ef}lts lj1fg, ljleGg lgdf{0f sfo{x¿df cTolws dfqfdf k|of]u
x'g] ub{5 . ljz]iftM e08f/0f lgdf{0f, e08f/0f Ifdtf d"Nofª\sg, ljleGg j:t'x¿sf] ef}lts cj:yf
cflb af/] cWoog ug{ cfotg;DaGwL lx;fax¿ ul/G5 . o; kf7df juf{sf/ Pjd\ j[Qfsf/ cfwf/sf
lk/fld8 tyf a]ngfnufot tL j:t'x¿sf] ;+of]hg -a9Ldf b'O{cf]6f j:t'x¿_ af6 ag]sf 7f];
j:t'x¿sf] ;txsf] If]qkmn / cfotg kQf nufpg] sfo{x¿ ug]{ 5g\ .
o; kf7sf nflu kf7\oj|mdn] tf]s]sf l;sfO pknlAwx¿ lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M
-s_ lk/fld8sf] ;txsf] If]qkmn / cfotg kQf nufpg
-v_ ;+o'St 7f];j:t'sf If]qkmn / cfotg;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{
-u_ lgdf{0f sfo{ h:tf cj:yfdf ljleGg 7f]; j:t' jf HofldtLo cfsf/x¿sf u'0fsf] k|of]uaf6
nfut cg'dfg;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{
o; kf7sf nflu hDdf kf7\oj|mdnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ 28 cg'dflgt 306fsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
t;y{ o; kf7cGtu{t\ ;dfj]z kf7of+zsf] ljefhg lgDgfg';f/ ul/Psf] 5 M
kf7\ok':tssf]
j|m=;= kf7\oj:t' cg'dflgt 306f
;DalGwt k[i7
ljleGg HofldtLo cfwf/ ePsf lk/fld8x¿
klxrfg, lk/fld8x¿sf ;txx¿, zLif{laGb'x¿
1. 1 80
klxrfg / sfuhsf] kfgfsf] dbtn] ljleGg
cfwf/sf lk/fld8x¿ tof/
lk/fld8sf ljleGg cfofdx¿ larsf] ;DaGw
2. k|ltkfbg, cfofdx¿;DaGwL zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ 1 82 , 84
xn
 3. juf{sf/ cfwf/ ePsf lk/fld8sf ;txx¿sf]
If]qkmn lgsfNg] ;"q k|ltkfbg, lk/fld8sf] 58\s] 2 84 – 86 , 90
/ k"/f ;tx;DaGwL zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg
4. juf{sf/ cfwf/ ePsf lk/fld8sf cfotgsf] ;"q
k|ltkfbg / cfotg;DaGwL zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ 2 87 , 91
;dfwfg
5. juf{sf/ cfwf/ ePsf] lk/fld8;DaGwL Jofjxfl/s
2
;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ ug{
6. ;f]nLsf ljleGg cfofdx¿ klxrfg ul/
1 95, 96
ltgLx¿larsf] ;DaGw
7. ;f]nLsf] ;txsf] If]qkmn;Fu ;DalGwt zflAbs
2 97, 98, 101
;d:ofx¿
8. ;f]nLsf] cfotg;Fu ;DalGwt zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ 2 99, 101
9. ;f]nL;DaGwL Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ 2
10. HofldtLo ;+o'St 7f]; j:t'x¿sf] jj|m ;tx, k"/f
2 104 – 107
;tx / cfotg kQf nufpg] ;"q k|ltkfbg
11. HofldtLo ;+o'St 7f]; j:t'x¿sf] jj|m ;tx, k"/f
;tx / cfotg ;DalGwt ;d:ofx¿ -;f]nL, a]ngf 3 107 – 110, 111
/ cw{uf]nf_
12. HofldtLo ;+o'St 7f]; j:t'x¿sf] jj|m ;tx, k"/f
;tx / cfotg ;DalGwt ;d:ofx¿ -lk/fld8 / 2 110, 114
lk|Hd_
13. nfut cg'dfg / o;;Fu ;DalGwt ;d:ofx¿
3 115 – 119
;dfwfg
14. HofldtLo ;+o'St 7f]; j:t'x¿sf] lgdf{0f tyf cGo
sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg 3
sfo{
hDdf 28

ljBfyL{df x'g ;Sg] ;Defljt unt a'emfO tyf cjwf/0ffx¿

- ljleGg j:t'x¿sf] -lk/fld8, ;f]nL, a]ngf, cw{uf]nf_ ;txx¿sf] klxrfgdf ;d:of
- ljleGg j:t'x¿sf] cfotg, jj|m jf 58\s] ;tx tyf k"/f ;txsf] ;"qx¿ k|of]udf ;d:of,
- cfotg tyf If]qkmnsf] PsfO n]vgdf uNtL
- /ª/f]ug tyf 9nf}6 lgdf{0fdf If]qkmn jf cfotgsf] klxrfg / ul0ftLo lj|mofdf q'l6
 klxnf] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ljleGg HofldtLo cfwf/ ePsf lk/fld8x¿ klxrfg ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
-v_ ljleGg lk/fld8x¿sf ;txx¿, zLif{laGb'x¿ klxrfg ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
-u_ sfuhsf] dbtn] ljleGg cfwf/sf lk/fld8x¿ tof/ ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
ljleGg HofldtLo cfwf/sf lk/fld8x¿, sfuh, s}FrL .

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ ljleGg HofldtLo cfwf/ ePsf lk/fld8x¿ jf ltgLx¿ ePsf] lrq ljBfyL{df afF8\g'xf];\ .
-v_ ;d"xdf ljBfyL{nfO{ lgDgfg';f/sf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ 5nkmn u/L l6kf]6 ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .

-c_ s'g s'g cfwf/ ePsf lk/fld8x¿ 5g\ <

-cf_ k|To]s lk/fld8df sltcf]6f ;tx 5g\ <
-O_ s'g s'g cfsf/sf ;txx¿ slt sltcf]6f /x]5g\ <
-O{_ zLif{laGb''x¿ sltcf]6f /x]5g\ <
-p_ ;txx¿ sltcf]6f /x]sf 5g\ <
-u_ s]xL ;dokl5 ljBfyL{nfO{ ;d"xut ¿kdf cfcfk\mgf] pQ/x¿ k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ /
cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ kof{Kt sfuh, s}FrL / ud afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ju{ cfwf/ ePsf] lk/fld8 tof/ ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ o;/L tof/ ePsf ju{sf ljleGg cfofdx¿ Dffkg u/L l6kf]6 ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-ª_ kl5 cGo lk/fld8;DaGwL yk lj|mofsnfk ug{ tL lk/fld8x¿ ;'/lIft /fVg'xf];\ .
 bf];|f] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ lk/fld8sf ljleGg cfofdx¿ tyf ;txx¿ klxrfg ug{
-v_ lk/fld8sf ljleGg cfofdx¿larsf] ;DaGw k|ltkfbg ug{
-u_ lk/fld8sf ljleGg cfofdx¿;DaGwL zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{
z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
ljleGg gfksf juf{sf/ cfwf/sf lk/fld8x¿, k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/

lj|mofsnfk – 1

sIffdf ljBfyL{nfO{ Ps Pscf]6f A4 sfuh, s]xL s}FrL tyf cGo HofldtLo ;fdfgx¿ pknAw
u/fpg'xf];\ / juf{sf/ cfwf/ ePsf] lk/fld8 tof/ ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfk"mn] agfPsf lk/fld8df ePsf ljleGg cfofdx¿ klxrfg ug{ s]xL ;do
lbg'xf];\ .
-v_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug{sf nflu tnsf k|Zgx¿df ;lj:tf/ 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ M

-c_ lk/fld8df s'g s'g efu x'G5g\ <

-cf_ lk/fld8df 7f8f] prfO eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 <
-O_ lk/fld8df s] nfO{ lsgf/f elgG5 <
-O{_ lsgf/f , 58\s] prfO , 7f8f] prfO / cfwf/sf]
e'hfsf] nDafOlarsf] s:tf] ;DaGw x'G5 <

-u_ lsgf/fnfO{ (e) , 58\s] prfO (l) , 7f8f] prfO (h) , cfwf/sf] e'hfsf] nDafO (a) / ljs0f{sf]
nDafO (d) n] hgfpg nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ s]xL ;do -u_ df plNnlvt cfofdx¿sf lardf s] s:tf ;DaGwx¿ x'g ;S5g\ ;f]af/]
ljBfyL{df 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
-ª_ 5nkmn ;xhLs/0fsf j|mddf tnsf] ;DaGw Nofpg'xf];\ M
lrqaf6,
 ;dsf]0f ∆ POM df,

kfOyfuf]/; ;fWocg';f/,
(PM)2 = (PO)2 + (OM)2
AB 2
⟹ (l)2 = (h)2 + ( 2 )
a2
⟹ (l)2 = (h)2 +
4
4h2 + a2
⟹ l2 =
4
∴ 4 l2 = 4 h2 + a2
k]ml/,
;dsf]0f ∆ PMC df,
kfOyfuf]/; ;fWocg';f/,
(PC)2 = (PM)2 + (CM)2
BC 2
⟹ (e)2 = (l)2 + ( 2 )
a2
⟹ (e)2 = (l)2 +
4
4l2 + a2
⟹ e2 =
4
∴ 4 e2 = 4 l 2 + a2
k]ml/,
;dsf]0f ∆ POC df,
kfOyfuf]/; ;fWocg';f/,
(PC)2 = (PO)2 + (OC)2
AC 2
⟹ (e)2 = (h)2 + ( 2 )
d2
⟹ (e)2 = (h)2 +
4
4h2 + d2
⟹ e2 =
4
∴ 4 e2 = 4 h 2 + d2

k]ml/,
;dsf]0f ∆ POC df,
 kfOyfuf]/; ;fWocg';f/,
(PC)2 = (PO)2 + (OC)2
AC 2
⟹ (e)2 = (h)2 + ( 2 )
a2
⟹ (e)2 = (h)2 +
4
4h2 + a2
⟹ e2 =
4
∴ 4 e2 = 4 h 2 + a2
k]ml/,
;dsf]0f ∆ ABC df,
kfOyfuf]/; ;fWocg';f/,
(AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2
⟹ (d)2 = (a)2 + (a)2
∴ d2 = 2 a 2
d"Nofª\sg
-c_ Pp6f juf{sf/ cfwf/ ePsf] lk/fld8sf] 58\s] ;txx¿sf] prfO 10 cm / cfwf/sf] nDafO
8 cm eP pSt lk/fld8sf] prfO kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ s'g} Pp6f juf{sf/ cfwf/ ePsf] lk/fld8sf] lsgf/fsf] nDafO 15 cm / 58\s] prfO 12 cm

eP pSt lk/fld8sf] cfwf/sf] nDafO / lk/fld8sf] prfO kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

-O_ s'g} Pp6f juf{sf/ cfwf/ ePsf] lk/fld8sf] cfwf/ /x]sf] ju{sf] ljs0f{sf] nDafO 25 cm /

58\s] prfO 15 cm eP pSt lk/fld8sf] lsgf/fsf] nDafO / lk/fld8sf] prfO kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O{_ lk/fld8sf] prfO 20 cm / cfwf/sf] nDafO 12 cm eP 58\s] prfO / lsgf/fsf] nDafO kQf
nufpg'xf];\ .
 t];|f] / rf}yf] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ juf{sf/ cfwf/ ePsf lk/fld8sf ;txx¿sf] If]qkmn lgsfNg
-v_ lk/fld8sf] 58\s] / k"/f ;tx;DaGwL zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
ljleGg gfksf juf{sf/ cfwf/sf lk/fld8x¿, k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xx¿nfO{ juf{sf/ cfwf/ ePsf] lk/fld8 afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 83 sf] 5.1.3 sf] lj|mofsnfk 4 ;d"xdf u/fpg'xf];\ hxfF lk/fld8sf]
;txsf] If]qkmn;DaGwL ;"q k|ltkfbg ug]{ sfo{ ul/Psf] 5 .
-3_ pSt lj|mofsnfk u/fpFbf lgDg k|Zgx¿df ;d]t 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ M
-c_ lk/fld8df sltcf]6f lqe'hfsf/ ;txx¿ 5g\ <
-cf_ s] ;a} lqe'hfsf/ ;txx¿sf] If]qkmn a/fa/ x'G5 <
-O_ lk/fld8df s:tf ;txx¿ x'G5g\ / ltgLx¿sf] If]qkmn slt slt x'G5g\ <

• ju{ cfwf/ ePsf] lk/fld8sf] 58\s] ;txsf] If]qkmn (LSA) = 2 a l

• k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn (TSA) = cfwf/sf] If]qkmn + 58\s] ;txsf] If]qkmn

= (a2 + 2al) = a(a + 2l)

-ª_ lj|mofsnfksf] j|mddf ;"qx¿ lgdf{0f ubf{ cfjZostfg';f/ k|ltkflbt ;"qx¿df ;xhLs/0fsf]
sfo{ ug'{xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ k|Zg n]lvPsf Ps Pscf]6f ;;fgf rf6{x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ / o; j|mddf
cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿M
1. lbOPsf] juf{sf/ cfwf/ ePsf] lk/fld8sf] 58\s] ;tx / k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
oxfF, juf{sf/ cfwf/ ePsf] lk/fld8df
cfwf/sf] e'hfsf] nDafO (a) = 10 cm

lsgf/sf] nDafO (e) = 13 cm

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
4 𝑒 2 = 4 𝑙 2 + a2

⟹ 4 (13)2 = 4 𝑙 2 + (10)2

⟹ 676 = 4 𝑙 2 + 100

⟹ 576 = 4 𝑙 2

⟹ 144 = 𝑙 2

∴ 𝑙 = 12 cm = 58\s] prfO
k]ml/,
58\s] ;txsf] If]qkmn = 2al = 2 × 10 × 12 = 240 cm2

ca, k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn (TSA) = cfwf/sf] If]qkmn + 58\s] ;txsf] If]qkmn
= a2 + 2al

= (10)2 + 2 × 10 × 12

= 340 cm2

lj|mofsnfk – 3

ljBfyL{nfO{ ;f]xL ;d"xdf /fVg'xf];\ / tnsf k|Zgx¿ 5nkmn u/L ;dfwfg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
2. Pp6f juf{sf/ cfwf/ ePsf] lk/fld8sf] 58\s] prfO / o;sf] k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn eP pSt
lk/fld8sf] lsgf/f / cfwf/sf] nDafO kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
3. Pp6f juf{sf/ cfwf/ ePsf] lk/fld8sf] cfwf/sf] nDafO / 58\s] prfO 3 : 5 sf] cg'kftdf
5g\ . olb o;sf] k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn 624 ju{ ;]=ld= 5 eg] o;sf] cfwf/sf] ljs0f{ / 7f8f]
prfO kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
4. s'g} Pp6f juf{fsf/ cfwf/ ePsf] lk/fld8sf] cfwf/sf] e'hfsf] nDafO 5 cm / 58\s] prfO
8 cm eP pSt lk/fld8sf] 58\s] ;tx / k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
d"Nofª\sg
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 90 sf] cEof; 5.1 sf] k|Zg g=1 b]lv 4 -k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn dfq_ / 8
;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

kfFrf}F / 5}6f}F lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ juf{sf/ cfwf/ ePsf lk/fld8sf cfotgsf] ;"q k|ltkfbg ug{
-v_ lk/fld8sf] cfotg;DaGwL zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
;dfg cfwf/sf] If]qkmn / prfO ePsf vf]j|mf] lk/fld8x¿ / 3gx¿, lk7f] jf afn'jf , k|Zgx¿
n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ .

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ juf{sf/ cfwf/ ePsf] lk/fld8 afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 87 sf] 5.1.4 sf] lj|mofsnfk 5 ;d"xdf u/fpg'xf];\ hxfF lk/fld8sf]
cfotg;DaGwL ;"q k|ltkfbg ug]{ sfo{ ul/Psf] 5 .
-3_ pSt lj|mofsnfk u/fpFbf lgDg k|Zgx¿df ;d]t 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
-c_ lk/fld8sf] ;txsf] If]qkmn / cfotglar s] s:tf] ;DaGw 5 <
-cf_ ;dfg cfwf/sf] If]qkmn / prfO ePsf 3g / lk/fld8sf] cfotgdf s:tf] ;DaGw x'G5 <
𝟏
• ju{ cfwf/ ePsf] lk/fld8sf] cfotg (Volume) =
𝟑
𝐚𝟐 𝐡

-ª_ lj|mofsnfksf] j|mddf ;"qx¿ lgdf{0f ubf{ cfjZostfg';f/ k|ltkflbt ;"qx¿df ;xhLs/0fsf]
sfo{ ug'{xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ k|Zg n]lvPsf Ps Pscf]6f ;;fgf rf6{x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ / o; j|mddf
 cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1. lbOPsf] juf{sf/ cfwf/ ePsf] lk/fld8sf] k"/f ;txsf]
If]qkmn 360 cm2 / 58\s] ;txsf] prfO 13 cm 5 eg]

-c_ cfwf/ e'hfsf] nDafO kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

-cf_ lk/fld8sf] 7f8f] prfO kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ lk/fld8sf] cfotg kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O{_ olb 1 cm3 = 0.85 gm tfdf x'g] xf] eg] pSt lk/fld8 tof/ ug{ slt tfdfsf] k|of]u x'G5 <
-p_ olb lqe'hfsf/ ;txdf k|lt ju{ ;]=dL= ?= 15.50 sf b/n] cfn'ldlgodsf] hnk nufpg] xf]
eg] slt vr{ nfU5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
pQ/
-c_ k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn (TSA) = a2 + 2al

⟹ 360 = a2 + 2a × 13

⟹ 360 = a2 + 26a

⟹ 0 = a2 + 26a – 360

⟹ a2 + 26a – 360 = 0

⟹ a2 + (36 – 10) a – 360 = 0

⟹ a2 + 36 a – 10 a – 360 = 0
⟹ a ( a + 36 ) – 10 ( a + 36 ) = 0
⟹ ( a + 36 ) (a – 10 ) = 0

cyjf, cyjf,
( a + 36 ) = 0 ( a – 10 ) = 0

∴ a = – 36 -;Dej 5}g . _ ∴ a = 10 cm

∴ cfwf/ e'hfsf] nDafO 10 cm /x]5 .

-cf_ ca,
a = 10 cm
l = 13 cm
 xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
4 l2 = 4h2 + a2

⟹ 4 × (13)2 = 4h2 + (10)2

⟹ 676 = 4h2 + 100

⟹ 576 = 4h2

⟹ 144 = h2
∴ h = 12 cm
1
-O_ cfotg (V) = a2 h
3
1
= × (10)2 × 12
3
= 400 cm3

-O{_ oxfF,
1 cm3 = 0.85 gm 5.
400 cm3 = (400 × 0.85) gm 5.
= 340 gm

∴ pSt lk/fld8 tof/ ug{ 340 gm tfdfsf] cfjZostf kb{5 .

-p_ lqe'hfsf/ ;txsf] If]qkmn (LSA) = k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn (TSA) – cfwf/sf] If]qkmn (a2)

= 360 – (10)2

= 260 cm2

ca,
1 cm2 = ?= 15.50 5 .
260 cm2 = ?= (260 × 15.50) 5.
= ?= 4030

∴ pSt lk/fld8sf] lqe'hfsf/ ;txdf cfn'ldlgodsf] hnk nufpg ?= 4030 vr{ nfU5 .

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 91 sf] cEof; 5.4 sf] k|Zg g= 4 b]lv 11 ;Ddsf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .
 ;ftf}F / cf7f}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ juf{sf/ cfwf/ ePsf] lk/fld8;DaGwL Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ tnsf] lj|mofsnfk n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/fO{ pSt Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{df clu a9\g
nufpg'xf];\ .

tkfO{Fsf] :yfg j/k/ ePsf s'g} tLgcf]6f lk/fld8 cfs[ltsf j:t'x?sf] gfd ;ª\sng
ug'{xf];\ . o;kZrft\ ;fd"lxs ¿kdf tL cfs[ltx?sf ljleGg cfofdx?sf] gfk Wofgk"j{s
l6kf]6 ug'{xf];\ . o;/L k|fKt ePsf tYofª\sx¿sf cfwf/df tL cfs[ltx¿sf
-c_ cfwf/sf] If]qkmn
-cf_ lqe'hfsf/ ;txsf] If]qkmn
-O_ k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn
-O{_ cfotg
kQf nufO{ o;af/]df Pp6f k|ltj]bg tof/ kf/L sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .

lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ kl/of]hgf sfo{sf j|mddf ljefhg ul/Psf] ;d"xx¿df k'gM
/fVg'xf];\ .
-v_ s]xL ;do kl/of]hgf sfo{ ubf{ s] s:tf cg'ejx¿ k|fKt eP ;f]af/] 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
-u_ o:t} lsl;dsf] kl/of]hgf sfo{nfO{ eljiodf cem yk k|efjsf/L 9ª\uaf6 ug{ s] s:tf
;'wf/sf sfo{x¿df Wofg /fVg cfjZos 5 < ;f]af/] Pp6f k|:t'lt tof/ ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ sIffdf k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ cfk\mgf] k|:t'lt ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
 GfjfF} lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ b}lgs hLjgdf ;f]nL sxfFsxfF / s;/L k|of]udf 5g\ ;f] kQf nufpg
-v_ sfuhsf] dbtn] ;f]nLsf] lgdf{0f ug{
-u_ ;f]nLsf ljleGg cfofdx¿ klxrfg ul/ ltgLx¿larsf] ;DaGw kQf nufpg

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
ljleGg ;f]nLx¿, sfuh, s}FrL, ud, HofldtLo ;+/rgfsf ;fdu|Lx¿

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ kof{Kt sfuh, s}FrL / ud afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ Pp6f cfotfsf/ sfuhdf Pp6f j[Q lvRg nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ lrqdf b]vfP h:t} u/L j[Qsf] s]Gb|df ∡ AOB lvr]/ If]qs sf6\g nufpg'xf];\ .
-ª_ cGTodf pSt If]qsnfO{ df]8]/ AO / BO nfO{ hf]8\g nufpg'xf];\ .
-r_ o;/L tof/ ePsf] ;f]nLx¿ ;'/lIft /fVg'xf];\ .

lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfk"mn] agfPsf ;f]nLdf ePsf ljleGg cfofdx¿ klxrfg ug{ s]xL ;do
lbg'xf];\ .
-v_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug{sf nflu tnsf k|Zgx¿df ;lj:tf/ 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
-c_ ;f]nLsf] cfwf/df s'g HofldtLo cfs[lt 5 <
-cf_ ;f]nLsf sltcf]6f ;tx / s'g s'g ;txx¿ /x]sf 5g\ <
-O_ ;f]nLdf sltcf]6f zLif{laGb''x¿ /x]sf 5g\ <
-O{_ ;f]nL / lk/fld8lar s]s] ;dfgtf / km/s kfpg ;lsG5 <
-p_ ;f]nLdf s'g s'g cfofdx¿ /x]sf 5g\ < tL s] s] x'g\ <
-pm_ ;f]nLnfO{ j[Qfsf/ cfwf/ ePsf] lk/fld8 eGg ;lsG5 jf ;lsFb}g, lsg <
-v_ s]xL ;dokl5 ljBfyL{nfO{ pgLx¿n] k|fKt u/]sf pQ/x¿ k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-u_ o; j|mddf cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .
-3_ 58\s] prfO (l) , 7f8f] prfO (h) / cfwf/sf] j[Qsf] cw{Jof; (r) n] hgfpg nufpg'xf];\ .
-ª_ s]xL ;do -3_ df plNnlvt cfofdsf lardf s] s:tf ;DaGwx¿ x'g ;S5g\ ;f]af/]
ljBfyL{df 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
-r_ 5nkmn ;xhLs/0fsf j|mddf tnsf] ;DaGw Nofpg'xf];\ .
lrqaf6,
;dsf]0f ∆ AOB df,

kfOyfuf]/; ;fWocg';f/,
(AB)2 = (AO)2 + (OB)2
⟹ (𝑙)2 = (h)2 + (r)2
∴ 𝑙 2 = h2 + r 2
k]ml/, 𝐝 = 𝟐𝐫 x'g] ePsfn]
;dsf]0f ∆ AOB df,
kfOyfuf]/; ;fWocg';f/,
(AB)2 = (AO)2 + (OB)2
d 2
⟹ (𝑙)2 = (ℎ)2 + (2)
d2
⟹ (𝑙)2 = (ℎ)2 +
4
4ℎ2 + d2
⟹ 𝑙2 =
4
∴ 4 𝑙 2 = 4 ℎ 2 + d2
d"Nofª\sg
-c_ Pp6f ;fnLsf] 58\s] ;txx¿sf] prfO 10 cm / cfwf/sf] j[Qsf] cw{Jof; 5 cm eP pSt
;f]nLsf] prfO kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ s'g} Pp6f ;f]nLsf] 58\s] ;txx¿sf] prfO 15 cm / 7f8f] prfO 12 cm eP pSt ;f]nLsf]
cfwf/sf] j[Qsf] Jof; kQf nufpg'xf];\ . ;fy} pSt ;f]nLsf] cw{Jof; / 7f8f] prfOsf]
cg'kft klg lgsfNg'xf];\ .
-O_ s'g} Pp6f ;f]nLsf] prfO 20 cm / cfwf/sf] j[Qsf] Jof; 14 cm 5 eg] pSt ;f]nLsf] 58\s]
;txsf] prfO kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O{_ Pp6f ;f]nLsf] prfO / cfwf/sf] j[Qsf] cw{Jof;sf] cg'kft 2:35 . olb pSt ;f]nLsf] 58\s]
;txsf] prfO 50 cm 5 eg] pSt ;f]nLsf] ;a} cfofdx¿sf] dfg kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
 b;f}F / P3f/f}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ;f]nLsf] ;txsf] If]qkmn lgsfNg] ;"q k|ltkfbg ug{
-v_ ;f]nLsf] ;txsf] If]qkmn;Fu ;DalGwt zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
ljleGg ;f]nLx¿ -sfuhaf6 ag]sf]_ / k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf rf6{k]k/

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xx¿nfO{ sfuhaf6 ag]sf] ;f]nL afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 95 sf] lj|mofsnfk 9 ;d"xdf u/fpg'xf];\ hxfF ;f]nLsf] ;txsf]
If]qkmn;DaGwL ;"q k|ltkfbg ug]{ sfo{ ul/Psf] 5 .
cfwf/sf] cw{Jof; ‘r’, 58\s] prfO ‘l’ / 7f8f] prfO ‘h’ ePsf] ;f]nLsf],
• jj|m ;txsf] If]qkmn (CSA) = 𝛑𝐫 × 𝒍 = 𝝅𝐫𝒍

• jj|m ;txsf] If]qkmn (TSA) = 𝛑𝐫 𝟐 + 𝛑 𝐫 𝒍 = 𝛑 𝐫(𝐫 + 𝒍)

-3_ lj|mofsnfkkl5 cfjZostfg';f/ k|ltkflbt ;"qx¿df ;xhLs/0fsf] sfo{ ug'{xf];\ .

lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ k|Zg n]lvPsf Ps Pscf]6f ;;fgf rf6{x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ / o; j|mddf
cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1. Pp6f ;f]nLsf] cw{Jof; / 58\s] prfO 3 : 5 sf] cg'kftdf /x]sf] 5 . olb pSt ;f]nLsf] k"/f
2112
;txsf] If]qkmn cm2 eP
7
-c_ pSt ;f]nLsf] cw{Jof; / 58\s] prfO kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ ;f]nLsf] jj|m ;txsf] If]qkmn kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
 -O_ ;f]nLsf] 7f8f] prfO lgsfNg'xf];\ .
-O{_ olb ;f]nLsf] cw{Jof; cfwf ug]{ xf] eg] o;sf] ;txsf] If]qkmn slt k|ltztn] a9\5 jf
36\5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
pQ/
-c_ oxfF, ;f]nLsf] cw{Jof; / 58\s] prfOsf] cg'kft 3:5 5.
∴ ;f]nLsf] cw{Jof; (r) = 3x cm dfgf}F .
∴ ;f]nLsf] 58\s] prfO (l) = 5x cm x'G5 .
k|Zgcg';f/,
;f]nLsf] k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn (TSA) = πr 2 + π r 𝑙
2112 22 22
⟹ = (3𝑥)2 + 7 × 3𝑥 × 5𝑥
7 7
2112 22
⟹ = × 3𝑥 × (3𝑥 + 5𝑥)
7 7
⟹ 2112 = 22 × 3𝑥 × 8𝑥

⟹ 2112 = 528 𝑥 2

⟹ 4 = 𝑥2

∴ 𝑥= 2

∴ ;f]nLsf] cw{Jof; (r) = 3x = 3 × 2 = 6 cm

∴ ;f]nLsf] 58\s] prfO (l) = 5x = 5 × 2 = 10 cm x'G5 .

-cf_ ;f]nLsf] jj|m ;txsf] If]qkmn (CSA) = πr𝑙
22
= × 6 × 10
7
1320
= cm2
7

-O_ xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,

𝑙 2 = ℎ2 + 𝑟 2
⟹ (10)2 = ℎ2 + (6)2

⟹ 100 = ℎ2 + 36

⟹ 64 = ℎ2

∴ ℎ = 8 cm
-O{_ ca,
𝑙 = 10 cm
𝑟 6
𝑟1 = = = 3 cm
2 2

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
gofF ;f]nLsf] k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn (TSA1 ) = π 𝑟1 (𝑟1 + 𝑙)
22
= 7
× 3 × (3 + 10)

858
= 7
cm2

ca,
TSA − TSA1
= × 100 %
TSA
2112 858
−
7 7
= 2112 × 100 %
7
1254
= × 100 %
2112
= 59.38 %
∴ pSt ;f]nLsf] k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmndf 59.38 % n] sld x'G5 .

lj|mofsnfk – 3

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;d"xx¿df tnsf k|Zgx¿ cfk;df 5nkmn u/L ;dfwfg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ M
2. lbOPsf] ;f]nLsf] jj|m ;tx / k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn lgsfNg'xf];\ .
3. Pp6f ;f]nLsf] k"/f ;tx / jj|m ;txsf] If]qkmn j|mdzM 704 cm2 / 550 cm2 eP pSt ;f]nLsf]
58\s] prfO kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
4. Pp6f ;f]nLsf] jj|m ;txsf] If]qkmn o;}sf] k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmnsf] 5 . olb ;f] ;f]nLsf] k"/f
;txsf] If]qkmn 616 cm2 eP ;f] ;f]nLsf] cw{Jof; / 58\s] prfO kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
5. Pp6f ;f]nLsf] k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn 814 cm2 5 . olb pSt ;f]nLsf] cfwf/sf] j[Qsf] cw{Jof; /
58\s] prfOsf] of]ukmn 37 cm eP pSt ;f]nLsf] jj|m ;txsf] If]qkmn lgsfNg'xf];\ .
u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 101 sf] cEof; 5.2 sf] k|Zg g= 1 / 2, 3 -v_ / 4 -jj|m ;tx / k"/f ;txsf]
If]qkmn;Fu ;DalGwt k|Zgx¿_ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

afx|f}F / t]/f}F lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ;f]nLsf] cfotg kQf nufpg] ;"q k|ltkfbg ug{
-v_ ;f]nLsf] cfotg;Fu ;DalGwt zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
ljleGg ;f]nLx¿ -sfuhaf6 ag]sf]_ / k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf rf6{k]k/

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xx¿nfO{ sfuhaf6 ag]sf] ;f]nL afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 98 sf] lj|mofsnfk 10 ;d"xdf u/fpg'xf];\ hxfF ;f]nLsf] cfotg;DaGwL
;"q k|ltkfbg ug]{ sfo{ ul/Psf] 5 .
cfwf/sf] cw{Jof; ‘r’ / 7f8f] prfO ‘h’ ePsf] ;f]nLsf],
𝟏
• cfotg (Volume) = 𝛑 𝐫𝟐 𝐡
𝟑

-3_ lj|mofsnfkkl5 cfjZostfg';f/ k|ltkflbt ;"q d"Nofª\sg u/L ;xhLs/0fsf] sfo{ ug'{xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ k|Zg n]lvPsf Ps Pscf]6f ;;fgf rf6{x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ / o;j|mddf
cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿M
1. Pp6f ;f]nLsf] jj|m ;txsf] If]qkmn 4070 cm2 / o;sf] cfwf/sf] Jof; 70 cm 5 eg]
-c_ pSt ;f]nLsf] 58\s] prfO slt /x]5 <
 -cf_ ;f]nLsf] 7f8f] prfO kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ ;f]nLsf] cfotg slt /x]5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O{_ olb 1 cm3 a/fa/ 0.750 gm x'G5 eg] pSt ;f]nLsf] tf}n kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-p_ pSt ;f]nLsf] cw{Jof; / 7f8f] prfOsf] cg'kft kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
pQ/
-c_ oxfF,
jj|m ;txsf] If]qkmn (CSA) = 4070 cm2

cfwf/sf] Jof; (d) = 70 cm

70
∴ cfwf/sf] cw{Jof; (r) = = 35 cm
2

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
jj|m ;txsf] If]qkmn (CSA) = πr𝑙
22
⟹ 4070 = × 35 × 𝑙
7
770
⟹ 4070 = 𝑙
7

⟹ 28490 = 770 𝑙
∴ 𝑙 = 37 cm
-cf_ oxfF,
cfwf/sf] cw{Jof; (r) = 35 cm

;f]nLsf] 58\s] prfO (l) = 37 cm

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
𝑙 2 = ℎ2 + 𝑟 2
⟹ (37)2 = ℎ2 + (35)2

⟹ 1369 = ℎ2 + 1225

⟹ 144 = ℎ2

∴ ℎ = 12 cm

-O_ oxfF,
cfwf/sf] cw{Jof; (r) = 35 cm

;f]nLsf]] prfO (h) = 12 cm

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
 1
cfotg (Volume) = π r2 h
3
1 22
= × × (35)2 × 12
3 7

= 15400 cm3
-O{_ oxfF,
1 cm3 = 0.75 gm 5.
15400 cm3 = (15400 × 0.75) gm 5.
= 11550 gm

∴ pSt ;f]nLsf] tf}n 11550 gm /x]5 .

-p_ oxfF,
cfwf/sf] cw{Jof; (r) = 35 cm

;f]nLsf]] prfO (h) = 12 cm

∴ pSt ;f]nLsf] cw{Jof; / prfOsf] cg'kft = 35 : 12

2. cfotg 314.86 cm3 ePsf] Pp6f ;f]nLsf] cfwf/sf] cw{Jof; / prfOsf] cg'kft 5 : 12 5.
-c_ pSt ;f]nLsf] jj|m ;txsf] If]qkmn kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ ;f]nLsf] k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn lgsfNg'xf];\ .
-O_ pSt ;f]nLsf] jj|m ;tx / k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmnsf] cg'kft kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 101 sf] cEof; 5.2 sf] k|Zg g= 3 -s_ , 4 – 6 , 8 – 9 / 11 – 13 ;d:ofx¿
;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .
 rf}wf}F / kGwf}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ;f]nL;DaGwL Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:of ;dfwfg sfo{ ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{x¿

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ tnsf] lj|mofsnfk n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/fO{ pSt Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{df clu a9\g
nufpg'xf];\ .

ljleGg gfksf sfuhsf] k|of]u u/L km/s km/s gfk ePsf ;f]nLx¿ lgdf{0f ug'{xf];\ .
tkfO{Fn] lgdf{0f ug'{ePsf] ;f]nLsf ljleGg efux¿sf gfk lgsfnL cfwf/sf] If]qkmn, jj|m
;txsf] If]qkmn, k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn / cfotg kQf nufpg'xf];\ / sIffdf k|:t't
ug'{xf];\ .

Gff]6M ljBfyL{ l;sfOsf nflu cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sg dfkb08 2080 k|of]u u/L Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo
;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ kl/of]hgf sfo{sf j|mddf ljefhg ul/Psf] ;d"xx¿df k'gM
/fVg'xf];\ .
-v_ s]xL ;do kl/of]hgf sfo{ ubf{ s:tf cg'ejx¿ k|fKt eP ;f]af/] 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
-u_ o:t} lsl;dsf] kl/of]hgf sfo{nfO{ eljiodf cem yk k|efjsf/L 9ª\uaf6 ug{ s:tf ;'wf/sf
sfo{x¿df Wofg /fVg cfjZos 5 < ;f]af/] Pp6f k|:t'lt tof/ ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ sIffdf k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ cfk\mgf] k|:t'lt ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
 ;f]/f}F, ;qf}F / c7f/f}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ b}lgs k|of]udf /x]sf ljleGg 7f]; j:t'x¿ klxrfg ug{
-v_ HofldtLo ;+o'St 7f]; j:t'x¿sf] jj|m ;tx, k"/f ;tx / cfotg kQf nufpg] ;"q k|ltkfbg
ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
ljleGg HofldtLo ;+o'St 7f]; j:t'x¿, k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf rf6{k]k/

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ b}lgs hLjgdf k|of]udf /x]sf s'g} kfFr j:t'x¿sf] gfd n]vL To;df ;+of]hgdf /x]sf
7f];j:t'x¿sf] gfd klg pNn]v ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-u_ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 104 sf] lj|mofsnfk 11 / 12 ;d"xdf u/fpg'xf];\ hxfF ;+o'St
7f];j:t'x¿;Fu ;DalGwt ;"q k|ltkfbg ug]{ sfo{ ul/Psf] 5 .
-3_ lj|mofsnfkkl5 cfjZostfg';f/ k|ltkflbt ;"qdf d"Nofª\sg ub}{ ;xhLs/0fsf] sfo{ ug'{xf];\ M

;+o'St 7f]; j:t' jj|m ;txsf] If]qkmn k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn

Curved Surface Area Total Surface Area cfotg (Volume)
(CSA) (TSA)
Volume =
TSA =
1
2 πr2 h1 + 3 πr2 h2
CSA = πrl + 2πrh1 πrl + πr + 2πrh1
Or Or Or

CSA = πr(l + 2h1 ) TSA = Volume =

πr(l + r + 2h1 ) 1
πr2 (h1 + h2 )
3
 Volume =
2 3 1
CSA = 2πr2 + πrl TSA = 2πr2 + πrl πr + 3 πr2 h2
3

Or Or Or
CSA = πr(2r + l) TSA = πr(2r + l) Volume =
1
πr2 (h1 + 3 h2 )

Volume =
TSA = 2 3 1
CSA = 2πr2 + 2πrh πr + 3 πr2 h
3
2πr2 + 2πrh + πr2
Or Or
Or
CSA = 2πr(r + h) Volume =
TSA = πr2 (3r + 2h)
1 2
πr (2r + h)
3

Volume =
1 1
CSA = πrl1 + πrl2 TSA = πrl1 + πrl2 πr2 h1 + 3 πr2 h2
3

Or Or Or
CSA = πr(l1 + l2 ) TSA = πr(l1 + l2 ) Volume =
1 2
πr (h1 + h2 )
3

Volume =
TSA =
1 2
LSA = 2al + 4ah1 2al + 4ah1 + a2 a h2 + a2 h1
3

Or Or Or
LSA = 2a(l + 2h1 ) TSA = Volume =
a(2l + 4h1 + a) 1
a2 (h1 + 3 h2 )

lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ ljBfno tyf 3/j/k/ kfOg] s'g} 5 ;+o'St j:t'x¿sf] ljj/0f lrq;lxt
l6kf]6 ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L pSt j:t'x¿sf] ljj/0f;lxt ltgLx¿sf] jj|m ;tx, k"/f
;tx / cfotg lgsfNgsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;"qx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ tof/ u/]sf] ;"rLnfO{ sIffdf Uofn/L k}bn (Gallery Walk) sf] dfWodaf6 k|:t't ug{
nufpg'xf];\ .
d"Nofª\sg
lbOPsf] 7f]; j:t'sf] k"/f ;tx, jj|m ;txsf] If]qkmn / cfotg kQf
nufpg] ;"q n]Vg'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 3

ljBfno tyf 3/j/k/ kfOg] s'g} 5 ;+o'St j:t'x¿sf] ljj/0f lrq;lxt l6kf]6 u/L ltgLx¿sf]
jj|m ;tx, k"/f ;tx / cfotg kQf nufpg] ;"qx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ u/L sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .

pGgfO;f}F / la;f}F lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ HofldtLo ;+o'St 7f]; j:t' -;f]nL, a]ngf / cw{uf]nf_ x¿sf] jj|m ;tx, k"/f ;tx /
cfotg;DaGwL k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
ljleGg HofldtLo ;+o'St 7f]; j:t'x¿, k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf rf6{k]k/x¿

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ ljBfyL{df tnsf k|Zgx¿ ;f]wL df}lvs k|Zgf]Q/ lj|mofsnfkdf ;xefuL u/fpg'xf];\ M
-c_ ;f]nLsf] jj|m ;txsf] If]qkmn kQf nufpg] ;"q s] xf] <
-cf_ a]ngfsf] cfotg kQf nufpg] ;"q s] xf] <
-O_ cw{uf]nf cw{Jof; ‘a’ cm ePdf pSt 7f];sf] k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn slt x'G5 <
-O{_ a/fa/ cw{Jof; ePsf] ;f]nL / a]ngf ;+of]lht 7f]; j:t'sf] k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn slt
x'G5 <
-p_ ;dfg cw{Jof; / prfO ePsf] a]ngfsf] cfotg ;f]xL gfksf] ;f]nLsf] cfotgeGbf
slt u'0ff a9L jf 36L x'G5 <
-pm_ a/fa/ cw{Jof; ePsf] ;f]nL / cw{uf]nf ;+of]lht 7f]; j:t'sf] k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn
slt x'G5 <
 -C_ a/fa/ cw{Jof; ePsf] cw{uf]nf / a]ngf ;+of]lht 7f]; j:t'sf] k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn
slt x'G5 <
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ k|Zg n]lvPsf Ps Pscf]6f ;;fgf rf6{x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ / o; j|mddf
cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿M
1. lrqdf Pp6f l;;fsnd lbOPsf] 5 .
-c_ lbOPsf] 7f]; j:t' s'gs'g 7f]; j:t'x¿sf]
;+of]hgaf6 ag]sf] 5 <
-cf_ o;nfO{ jl/kl/ 3'dfP/ x]bf{ s]s:tf ;txx¿
b]Vg ;lsG5 <
-O_ lbOPsf] 7f]; j:t'df ltvfl/sf] efusf] 58\s] prfO slt x'G5,
kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O{_ o; 7f]; l;;fsndsf] k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-p_ o; 7f]; l;;fsndsf] cfotg slt x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
pQ/
-c_ lbOPsf] 7f]; j:t' ;f]nL / a]ngf ldn]/ ag]sf] 5 .
-cf_ lbOPsf] 7f]; j:t'df j[Qfsf/ cfwf/, a]ngfsf] jj|m ;tx / ;f]nLsf] jj|m ;txx¿ b]lvG5 .
-O_ oxfF,
cw{Jof; (r) = 7 cm

a]ngfsf] prfO (h1 ) = 40 cm

;f]nLsf] prfO (h2 ) = 24 cm

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
𝑙 2 = ℎ2 2 + 𝑟 2
⟹ 𝑙 2 = (24)2 + (7)2
⟹ 𝑙 2 = 625
 ∴ 𝑙 = 25 cm

∴ ;f]nLsf] 58\s] ;txsf] 25 cm prfO /x]5 .

-O{_ oxfF,
7f]; l;;fsndsf] k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn (TSA) = 𝜋𝑟𝑙 + 𝜋𝑟 2 + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ1

= 𝜋𝑟(𝑙 + 𝑟 + 2ℎ1 )
22
= 7
× 7 × (25 + 7 + 2 × 40)

= 2464 sq. cm

-p_ oxfF,
1
7f]; l;;fsndsf] cfotg (Volume) = 𝜋𝑟2 ℎ1 + 𝜋𝑟2 ℎ2
3

1
= 𝜋𝑟
2
(ℎ1 + 3 ℎ2 )
22 1
= 7
× 72 × (40 + × 24)
3

= 7392 cu. cm

d"Nofª\sg
lbOPsf] 7f]; j:t'sf] k"/f ;tx / jj|m ;txsf] If]qkmn lgsfNg'xf];\ .

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 111 sf] cEof; 5.3 sf] k|Zg g= 1, 2, 4, 5, 8 / 10 sf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg
ug'{xf];\ .
 PSsfO;f}F / afO;f}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ b}lgs k|of]udf /x]sf ljleGg 7f]; j:t'x¿ klxrfg ug{
-v_ HofldtLo ;+o'St 7f]; j:t' -lk/fld8 / lk|Hd_ x¿sf] 58\s] ;tx, k"/f ;tx /
cfotg;DaGwL k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug{
z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
ljleGg HofldtLo ;+o'St 7f]; j:t'x¿, k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf rf6{k]k/

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ lk/fld8 / lk|Hdsf] ;+of]hgsf j:t'x¿ k|:t't ug'{xf];\ / ltgLx¿sf 58\s]
;tx, k"/f ;tx / cfotgaf/]df s]xL ;do 5nkmn ug{ nufO{ ltgLx¿sf] ;"qx¿ k|ltkfbg
ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . o; j|mddf cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ k|Zg n]lvPsf Ps Pscf]6f ;;fgf rf6{x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
k|Zg
1. lrqdf Pp6f ;+o'St 7f]; j:t' lbOPsf] 5 .
-c_ lbOPsf] 7f]; j:t' s'gs'g 7f]; j:t'x¿sf]
;+of]hgaf6 ag]sf] 5 <
-cf_ o;nfO{ jl/kl/ 3'dfP/ x]bf{ s]s:tf ;txx¿
b]Vg ;lsG5 <
-O_ lbOPsf] 7f]; j:t'df dflyNnf] efusf] 58\s] prfO slt x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O{_ o; 7f]; j:t'sf] k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-p_ o; 7f]; j:t'sf] cfotg slt x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
pQ/
-c_ lbOPsf] 7f]; j:t' ;f]nL / a]ngf ldn]/ ag]sf] 5 .
-cf_ lbOPsf] 7f]; j:t'df j[Qfsf/ cfwf/, a]ngfsf] jj|m ;tx / ;f]nLsf] jj|m ;txx¿ b]lvG5 .
-O_ oxfF,
cw{Jof; (r) = 7 cm

a]ngfsf] prfO (h1 ) = 40 cm

;f]nLsf] prfO (h2 ) = 24 cm

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
𝑙 2 = ℎ2 2 + 𝑟 2
⟹ 𝑙 2 = (24)2 + (7)2
⟹ 𝑙 2 = 625
∴ 𝑙 = 25 cm

∴ ;f]nLsf] 58\s] ;txsf] 25 cm prfO /x]5 .

-O{_ oxfF,
7f]; l;;fsndsf] k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn (TSA) = 𝜋𝑟𝑙 + 𝜋𝑟 2 + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ1

= 𝜋𝑟(𝑙 + 𝑟 + 2ℎ1 )
22
= 7
× 7 × (25 + 7 + 2 × 40)

= 2464 sq. cm

-p_ oxfF,
1
7f]; l;;fsndsf] cfotg (Volume) = 𝜋𝑟2 ℎ1 + 𝜋𝑟2 ℎ2
3

1
= 𝜋𝑟
2
(ℎ1 + 3 ℎ2 )
22 1
= 7
× 72 × (40 + × 24)
3

= 7392 cu. cm

d"Nofª\sg
lbOPsf] 7f]; j:t'sf] k"/f ;tx / cfotg kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 111 sf] cEof; 5.3 sf] k|Zg g= 3, 4 -ª_ / -r_, 6, 8 -v_, 9 sf k|Zgx¿
;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

t]O;f}F, rf}la;f}F / klRr;f}F lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ljleGg cj:yfdf nfut cg'dfg ug{
-v_ ljleGg cj:yfdf x'g] nfut cg'dfg ul/ ltgLx¿sf] t'ngfTds cWoog ug{
z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
ljleGg HofldtLo ;+o'St 7f]; j:t'x¿, k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf rf6{k]k/
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 115 sf] lj|mofsnfk 1 / 2 ;d"xdf lj:t[t ¿kdf
5nkmn ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . o; j|mddf cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ lbOPsf tflnsfx¿sf] t'ngfTds cWoogkZrft\ tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
-c_ b'j} cj:yfdf /ª nufpFbf slt slt vr{ nfUg] /x]5 <
-cf_ klxnf] cj:yfdf eGbf bf];|f] cj:yfdf slt a9L jf sd vr{ nfUg] /x]5 <
-O_ k|ltztdf oL b'O{ cj:yfdf x'g] vr{x¿sf] t'ngf ug'{xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk –2

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ k|Zg n]lvPsf Ps Pscf]6f ;;fgf rf6{x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ / o; j|mddf
cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .
k|ZgM
1. Pp6f /ª\uzfnfsf] u]6sf rf/cf]6} ;tx b]lvg] 8 ft cUnf b'O{cf]6f lkn/x¿ dfly pxL cfwf/sf
Ps Pscf]6f 4 ft prfO ePsf lk/fld8x¿ /flvPsf 5g\ . k|To]s lkn/sf] cfwf/ 6 ft × 6 ft 5
eg]
-c_ k|Zgcg';f/sf b'O{cf]6f lrqx¿ agfpg'xf];\ .
 -cf_ lk/fld8sf] 58\s] prfO slt x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ b'O{cf]6f lk/fld8 ;lxtsf] lkn/x¿df /ª nufpg ldNg] k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn slt x'G5 < s]
k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn kQf nufpg cfwf/sf] If]qkmn hf]8\g' k5{ jf kb}{g < sf/0f;lxt
n]Vg'xf];\ .
-O{_ pSt lk/fld8;lxtsf] lkn/x¿df k|lt ju{ lkm6 ?=102 sf b/n] /ª nufpFbf hDdf slt vr{
nfU5 <
;dfwfg
-c_ oxfF,
lk|Hd efusf] prfO (h1) = 8 ft

lk/fld8 efusf] prfO (h2) = 4 ft

lkn/sf] cfwf/ ju{ ePsf]n], cfwf/sf] nDafO (a) = 6 ft

-cf_ xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5,

𝑎 2
lk/fld8sf] 58\s] prfO (l) = √ℎ2 2 + (2)

6 2
= √(4)2 + (2)

= 5 ft

-O_ km]l/, lk|Hdsf] 58\s] ;txsf] If]qkmn (A1) = cfwf/sf] kl/lw × prfO
= 4a × 8
= 4 × 6 × 8 = 192 ft2
lk/fld8sf] 58\s] ;txsf] If]qkmn (A2)= 2al = 2 × 6 × 5 = 60 ft2

To;}n], lk/fld8;lxtsf] Pp6f lkn/sf] k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn = A1 + A2 = (192 + 60) ft2
 = 252 ft2
lk/fld8 ;lxtsf] b'O{cf]6f lkn/sf] k"/f ;txsf] If]qkmn += 2× 252 ft2 = 504 ft2

k|Zgcg';f/,
lkn/sf] cfwf/ hldgd'lg ePsfn] oxfF /ª nufOFb}g To;}n] cfwf/sf] If]qkmn k"/f ;txsf]
If]qkmndf hf]l8Fb}g .
-O{_ /ª nufpg] b/ (R) = ?= 102 k|lt ft2 /ª nufpg] hDdf vr ( T) = A × R
= 252 × 102
= Rs. 25,704
2. Pp6f cfotfsf/ sf]7fsf] leqL nDafO 12 ft rf}8fO 10 ft / prfO 8 ft 5 . pSt sf]7fdf 2 ft

lsgf/f ePsf b'O{cf]6f juf{sf/ ‰ofn 5g\ / b'O{cf]6f 5 ft × 2 ft sf 9f]sf 5g\ eg]
-c_ rf/leQf / l;lnªsf] If]qkmn kQf nufpg] ;"q n]Vg'xf];\ .
-cf_ pSt sf]7fdf ?= 400 k|lt ju{ld6/sf] b/n] sfk]{6 la5\ofpFbf slt vr{ nfU5 < kQf
nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ 9f]sf / ‰ofnafx]s rf/ leQf / l;lnªdf ?= 40 k|lt ju{ lkm6sf] b/n] /ª nufpg slt
vr{ nfU5 <
-O{_ ahf/df ePsf] dxª\uLn] ubf{ /ª nufpg k|lt ju{ld6/df klxn]sf] eGbf Ps ltxfOn] a9\bf
hDdf vr{ sltn] j[l¢ x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
;dfwfg
oxfF, cfotsf/ sf]7fsf],
leqL nDafO (l) = 12 ft

leqL rf}8fO (b) = 10 ft

leqL prfO (h) = 8 ft

juf{sf/ ‰ofnsf] lsgf/fsf] nDafO = 2 ft ,

b'O{9f]sf 5 ft × 2 ft sf 5g\ .
-c_ rf/ leQf / l;lnªsf] If]qkmn kQf nufpg] ;"q (A) = 2h(l + b) + lb

-cf_ sf]7fsf] If]qkmn (A) = l × b

= 12 × 12
=120 ft2
xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5,
sfk]{6sf] If]qkmn = sf]7fsf] If]qkmn = 120 ft2

k|lt ju{ld6/sf] b/ -R_ = ?= 400

hDdf sfk]{6 la5\ofpg nfUg] vr{ (T) = ?= 120 × 400 = ?= 48,000

-O_ b'O{cf]6f ‰ofnsf] If]qkmn (A1) = 2 (2 × 2) ft2

= 8 ft2
b'O{cf]6f 9f]sfsf] If]qkmn (A2) = 2(5×2) ft2
= 20 ft2
ca ‰ofn / 9f]sfafx]s rf/ leQf / l;lnªsf] If]qkmn (A) = 2h (l + b) + l b – A1 – A2
= 2 × 8(12 + 10) + 12 × 10 – 8 – 20
= 16 × 22 + 120 – 28
= 444 ft2
rf/ leQfdf k|lt ju{ld6/sf] ?= 40 sf] b/n] /ª nufpFbf
hDdf vr{ = ?= 444 × 40 = ?= 17760
1
-O{_ k|lt ju{ ld6/df Ps ltxfOn] a9\bf gofF b/ = ?= 40 +
3
× ?= 40 = ?. 53.33

k|lt ju{ ld6/df Ps ltxfOn] a9\bf, hDdf vr{ = ?= 53.33 × 444 = ?= 23680
vr{df ePsf] j[l¢ = ?= 23680 — ?= 17760

= ?= 5920

ctM ?= 5920 n] vr{df j[l4 x'G5 .

lj|mofsnfk –2

ljBfyL{nfO{ ;d"xdf /x]/ tnsf k|Zgx¿ 5nkmn u/L ;dfwfg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
3. lrqdf ;f]nL / j]ngf ldln ag]sf] wft'sf] 7f]; j:t' lbOPsf] 5 . a]ngf / ;f]nLsf] cfwf/sf]
cw{Jof;x¿ a/fa/ 5g\ . a]ngfsf] prfO 40 ;]=ld=, ;f]nLsf] prfO 24 ;]=ld= / ;f]nLsf]
cfwf/sf] cw{Jof; 7 ;]=ld= 5g\ .
-c_ ;f]nLsf] cfwf/sf] cw{Jof; / 58\s] prfO lbOPsf] 5 eg] ;f]nLsf jj|m;txsf] If]qkmn
kQf nufpg] ;"q n]Vg'xf];\ .
-cf_ pSt 7f]; j:t'sf] cfotg kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ a]ngfsf/ efusf] cfotg / ;f]nL efusf] cfotg t'ngf ug'{xf];\ .
4. Pp6f juf{sf/ cfwf/ ePsf] sf]7fsf] cfotg / prfO j|mdzM 95 3g ld= / 4.5 ld= 5g\ .
pSt sf]7fdf Pp6f 9f]sf / b'Ocf]6f em\ofnx¿n] cf]u6]sf] If]qkmn 8 ju{ ld= 5
-c_ k|lt ju{ ld6/ ?= 140 sf b/n] rf/ leQfdf Knf:6/ ubf{ hDdf slt vr{ nfU5, kQf
nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ olb k|lt ju{ ld6/ Knf:6/ ug]{ b/ Ps ltxfOn] a9\of] eg] leQfx¿df Knf:6/ ug{ hDdf
vr{ sltn] j[l4 x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
5. /fdnfn dxtf]n] O{F6f, afn'jf / l;d]G6sf] k|of]u u/L Pp6f a]ngfsf/ kfgL 6\ofª\sLsf] lgdf{0f ug]{
of]hgf agfP . olb 6\ofª\sLsf] prfO hldgsf] ;txeGbf d'lg 0.5 ld6/ / ;txeGbf dfly 5 ld6/
x'g'kg]{ / pSt 6\ofª\sLsf] leqL Jof; @ ld6/ a/fa/sf] x'g'kg]{ cj:yfdf
-c_ olb 20 % efu l;d]G6 / afn'jfn] Knf:6/;lxt cf]u6\5 eg] pSt 6\ofª\sLsf]
lgdf{0fdf hDdf slt O{F6fx¿ cfjZos kb{5g\, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ olb k|lt uf]6f O{F6fsf] d"No ?= 25 eP O{F6f vl/bdf hDdf slt vr{ nfU5 <
-O_ olb l;d]G6 tyf afn'jfdf k|lt 3g ;]=ld= 75 k};f vr{ x'Fb5 / eg] pSt 6\ofª\sL
k|of]u x'g] l;d]G6 tyf afn'jfdf hDdf slt vr{ x'G5 < kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O{_ olb pSt 6\ofª\sL lgdf{0f ug{ Ps hgf d'Vo ld:qL -k|lt lbg ?= 2500_ / Ps hgf
;xfos sfdbf/ -k|lt lbg ?= 1500_ n] tLg lbg nufpF5g\ eg] Hofnfdf hDdf slt vr{
x'G5 <
-p_ pSt 6\ofª\sL lgdf{0fdf hDdf slt vr{ nfU5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-pm_ olb /fdnfn dxtf]sf l5d]sL xl/nfn dxtf]n] klg ;f]xL gfksf] t/ Knfli6saf6
lgld{t 6\ofª\sL /fVg] of]hgf agfP eg] :jf:Yo / l6sfpsf] cfwf/df tkfO{F xl/nfn dxtf]nfO{ s]
;Nnfx lbg'x'G5 / lsg <

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 120 sf] cEof; 5.4 sf] k|Zg g+= 1 b]lv 9 ;Ddsf ;Dk"0f{ ;d:ofx¿
;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .
 5lAa;f}F, ;QfO;f}F / c6\7fO;f}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ HofldtLo ;+o'St 7f]; j:t'x¿sf] lgdf{0f tyf cGo sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo
;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ tnsf] lj|mofsnfk n]lvPsf ;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/fO{ pSt Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{df clu a9\g
nufpg'xf];\ .

cfjZostfcg';f/ ;d"xsf] lgdf{0f ug'{xf];\ . k|To]s ;d"xn] cfˆgf] glhssf] lgdf{0f

;fdfu|L ljj|mL ug]{ k;nx¿df hfg] / ljleGg cfsf/sf kfgL 6\ofª\sLx¿sf] cjnf]sg
ug'{xf];\ . s'g HofldtLo cfsf/df 6\ofª\sLx¿ ag]sf x'G5g\ < s'gdf slt ln6/ kfgL
c6fpF5 < s'gsf] d"No slt k5{ < w]/} kfgL c6fpg] 6\ofª\sLsf] d"No / yf]/} kfgL
c6fpg] 6\ofª\sLsf] d"Nosf] cg'kft s:tf] kfpg'eof] < kmnfdaf6 ag]sf] 6\ofª\sL /
Knfl:6saf6 ag]sf] 6\ofª\sLsf] d"Nodf sltn] km/s kbf]{/x]5 < dfly p7fg ul/Psf /
cGo hfgsf/LnfO{ ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L Pp6f k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg'{xf];\ / sIffdf k|:t't
ug'{xf];\ .

Gff]6M ljBfyL{ l;sfOsf nflu cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sg dfkb08 2080 k|of]u u/L kl/of]hgf sfo{
d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ kl/of]hgf sfo{sf j|mddf ljefhg ul/Psf] ;d"xdf k'gM /fVg'xf];\ .
-v_ s]xL ;do kl/of]hgf sfo{ ubf{ s] s] cg'ejx¿ k|fKt eP ;f]af/] 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
-u_ o:t} lsl;dsf] kl/of]hgf sfo{nfO{ eljiodf cem yk k|efjsf/L 9ª\uaf6 ug{ s] s:tf
;'wf/sf sfo{x¿df Wofg /fVg cfjZos 5 < ;f]af/] Pp6f k|:t'lt tof/ ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ sIffdf k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ cfk\mgf] k|:t'lt ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
 kf7
6
cg'j|md / >]0fL (Sequence and Series)

kl/ro
cg'j|md / >]0fL ul0ftsf cfwf/e"t cjwf/0ff x'g\ . oL cjwf/0ffx¿n] ;ª\Vofx¿sf] j|mda4 k|ult
cWoog ug{ dbt ub{5 . cg'j|md eGgfn] s'g} Ps ljz]if 9fFrf jf lgodnfO{ kfngf ul/ JoSt
ul/Psf] tŒj jf ;ª\Vofx¿sf] j|mda4 a9\bf] jf 36\bf] ;"rL hgfpF5 . cª\sul0ftLo cg'j|mdx¿n]
nuftf/ j|mdfut ;b:ox¿lar l:y/ leGgtf b]vfpF5g\ h;nfO{ ;dfgfGt/o leGgtf elgG5 eg]
u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|mdx¿n] j|mdfut ;b:ox¿lar l:y/ cg'kft b]vfpF5g\ h;nfO{ ;dfg cg'kft elgG5
. cª\s ul0ftLo jf ;dfgfGt/o >]0fLx¿n] cª\sul0ft cg'j|mdsf] of]ukmn ;dfj]z ub{5 eg] u'0ff]Q/
>]0fLx¿n] u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|mdsf] of]unfO{ k|ltlglwTj ub{5 . oL ul0ftLo cjwf/0ffx¿n] hg;ª\Vof
j[l4sf] df]8]lnª / ljQLo nufgLsf] ljZn]if0fb]lv k|s[lt / snfsf] 9fFrfx¿ a'‰g;Ddsf ljleGg
If]qdf ;xof]u k|bfg ub{5g\ . o; kf7df cg'j|md / >]0fL;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg ul0ftLo ;d:ofnufot
s]xL b}lgs Jojxf/;Fu hf]l8Psf ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;"qx¿sf] k|of]uaf6 ;dfwfg ul/g]5 .
o; kf7sf nflu kf7\oj|mdn] tf]s]sf l;sfO pknlAwx¿ lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M
-s_ ;dfgfGt/o tyf u'0ff]Q/ dWodf;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{
-v_ ;dfgfGt/o tyf u'0ff]Q/ >]0fL;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{
o; kf7sf nflu hDdf kf7\oj|mdnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ 11 cg'dflgt 306fsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
t;y{ o; kf7cGtu{t ;dfj]z kf7of+zsf] ljefhg lgDgfg';f/ ul/Psf] 5 M
cg'dflgt kf7\ok':tssf]
j|m=;= kf7\oj:t'
306f ;DalGwt k[i7
1.
;dfgfGt/Lo cg'j|mdsf] ;fwf/0f kb;Fu ;DalGwt zflAbs 1 130 , 141
;d:ofx¿sf] xn
;dfgfGt/o cg'j|mdsf] dWodf jf dWodfx¿ 130 – 133 ,
2. 2
140
;dfgfGt/o >]0fLsf] klxnf] s]xL kbx¿sf] of]ukmn lgsfNg]
3. ;"q k|ltkfbg / tL >]0fL;Fu ;DalGwt zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ 2 134 – 141
;dfwfg
4.
u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|mdsf] ;fwf/0f kb;Fu ;DalGwt zflAbs 1 143
;d:ofx¿sf] xn
u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|mdsf] dWodf jf dWodfx¿ 143 – 144 ,
5. 2
149
6.
u'0ff]Q/ >]0fLsf] klxnf] s]xL kbx¿sf] of]ukmn lgsfNg] ;"q 2
145 – 148,
k|ltkfbg / tL >]0fL;Fu ;DalGwt zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg 150
7. Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ 1
hDdf 11
 klxnf] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ljleGg cg'j|mdx¿ klxrfg ug{ / pbfx/0fx¿ k|:t't ug{
-v_ cª\sul0ftLo cg'j|mdsf] ;fwf/0f kb;Fu ;DalGwt zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{
z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
xflh/Lhjfkm v]nfpgsf nflu Pp6f 38L / ;do x]g{ hgfp 3G6L tyf ;;fgf k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf
;;fgf rf6{
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ b'O{cf]6f ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ xflh/Lhjfkm v]nfpgsf nflu cfjZos lgodx¿ ljBfyL{nfO{ eGg'xf];\ .
-u_ s]xL ljBfyL{nfO{ pgLx¿sf] OR5fcg';f/ Pp6f 38L x]/L hgfp 3G6L ahfpg / ;d"xx¿df
;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf lgjf{xsf nflu ;xof]uLx¿ /fVg'xf];\ .
-3_ xflh/Lhjfkm v]n ;'? ug'{xf];\ h;df tnsf k|Zgx¿ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 M
k|Zgx¿
1= s:tf cg'j|mddf j|mlds kbx¿larsf] km/s dfg cr/ x'G5 <
2= cª\sul0ftLo cg'j|mddf ;femf leGgtfn] s] hgfpF5 <
3= s'g} cª\s ul0ftLo cg'j|mdsf] klxnf] kb ‘a’ , lg/Gt/ leGgtf ‘d’ eP n cf}F kb slt x'G5 <
4= tnsf] s'g kl/l:ylt cª\sul0ftLo cg'j|mdsf] pbfx/0f xf] <
-c_ hg;ª\Vof j[l4 -cf_ jflif{s rj|mLo Jofh
-O_ cGtl/Ifdf b'/L dfkg -O{_ ;fwf/0f Aofh
5= olb s'g} j:t' ;dfg ultdf cufl8 a9\5 eg] pSt j:t'n] kf/ u/]sf] hDdf b'/L lgsfNg
s'g >]0fL pko'St x'G5 <
6= s'g k|f/lDes klxrfgn] cª\s ul0ftLo cg'j|mdnfO{ ;dfg cg'j|md;Fu 5'6\ofpF5 <
7= cª\s ul0ftLo cg'j|mddf s'g} b'O{ j|mdfut kbx¿larsf] km/s s]n] hgfOG5 <
8= cg'j|md 1, 6, 11, 16, ………….. sf] 10 cf}F kb slt x'G5 <
9= >]0fL 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + ……….. nfO{ of]ukmnsf] ;fwf/0f kb -∑);ª\s]tdf s;/L n]lvG5 <
10= cg'j|md 2, 6, 10, 14, ………….. sf] 10 cf}F kb slt x'G5 <
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xx¿nfO{ k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{lar 5nkmn ug{ nufO{ k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ u/fpg'xf];\ . o; j|mddf
cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿M
1. cª\sul0ftLo cg'j|mdsf] klxnf] kb (a), cª\sul0ftLo leGgtf (d) x'Fbf ;fwf/0f kb (tn) slt
x'G5 <
2. cª\sul0ftLo cg'j|mdsf] klxnf] kb (a), cª\sul0ftLo leGgtf (d) x'Fbf pSt cg'j|mdsf]
;fwf/0f ¿k (General Form) s] x'G5 <
3. s'g} Pp6f cª\sul0ftLo cg'j|mdsf 11 cf}F / 25 cf}F kbx¿ j|mdzM 22 / 43 5g\ .
-c_ cg'j|mdsf klxnf] kb / ;femf leGgtf kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ s] 123 pSt cg'j|mdsf] s'g} Pp6f kb xf], kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ pSt cª\sul0ftLo cg'j|md kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
pQ/
1. ;fwf/0f kb (tn) = a + (n – 1)d

2. ;fwf/0f ¿k M a, a + d , a + 2d , a + 3d , ……………………………

3. -c_ oxfF,
11 cf}F kb (t11) = 22

25 cf}F kb (t25) = 43

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
(tn) = a + (n – 1)d

⟹ t11 = a + (11 – 1)d

⟹ 22 = a + 10d
∴ a = 22 – 10d ……………..(i)
k]ml/,
(tn) = a + (n – 1)d

⟹ t25 = a + (25 – 1)d

⟹ 43 = a + 24d
∴ a + 24d = 43 ……………….(ii)
; (i) af6 a sf] dfg ; (ii) df k|lt:yfkg ubf{,
a + 24d = 43
⟹ (22 – 10d) + 24d = 43

⟹ 22 – 10d + 24d = 43

⟹ 14d = 43 – 22

⟹ 14d = 21
3
∴ cª\sul0ftLo leGgtf (d) =
2

ca,
3
d =
2
sf] dfg ; (i) df /fVbf,
a = 22 – 10d
3
a = 22 – 10 ×
2
∴ klxnf] kb (a) =7

-cf_ oxfF,
n cf}F kb (tn) = 123 -dfgf}F_
klxnf] kb (a) = 7
3
cª\sul0ftLo leGgtf (d) =
2

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
(tn) = a + (n – 1)d
3
⟹ 123 = 7 + (n – 1) × 2
3 (n − 1)
⟹ 116 = 2

⟹ 232 = 3 (n – 1)

⟹ 232 = 3n – 3

⟹ 235 = 3n
235
∴ n =
3

∴ lbOPsf] ;ª\Vof dflysf] cg'j|mdsf] kb xf]Og .

 -O_ oxfF,
klxnf] kb (t1) = a = 7
3 17
bf];|f] kb (t2) = a + d = 7 + =
2 2
3
t];|f] kb (t3) = a + 2d = 7 + 2 × 2 = 10
17
∴ k|Zgcg';f/sf] cª\sul0ftLo cg'j|md 7, , 10 , ……………. x'G5 .
2

d"Nofª\sg
olb dflysf] cª\sul0ftLo cg'j|mddf d sf] C0ffTds x'g] xf] eg] cg'j|mdsf] :j¿k s:tf] x'G5 <

u[xsfo{
lgDgcg';f/sf k|Zgx¿ u[xsfo{{sf ¿kdf lbO{ pQ/ k/LIf0f / k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
4. olb k + 3 , 2k / 4k – 8 cª\sul0ftLo cg'j|mdsf j|mdfut kbx¿ x'g\ eg] k sf] dfg kQf
nufpg'xf];\ .
5. s'g} Pp6f cª\sul0ftLo cg'j|mdsf 5 cf}F / 8 cf}F kbx¿ j|mdzM 19 / 31 5g\ .
-c_ cg'j|mdsf klxnf] kb / ;femf leGgtf kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ 20 cf}F kb kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ pSt cª\sul0ftLo cg'j|md kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
6. s'g} Pp6f cª\sul0ftLo cg'j|mdsf 10 cf}F / 17 cf}F kbx¿ j|mdzM 39 / 67 5g\ .
-c_ cg'j|mdsf klxnf] kb / ;femf leGgtf kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ s] 120 pSt cg'j|mdsf] s'g} Pp6f kb xf], kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ pSt cª\sul0ftLo cg'j|md kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
7. s'g} Pp6f cª\sul0ftLo cg'j|mdsf 3 cf}F / 13 cf}F kbx¿ j|mdzM - 40 / 0 5g\ eg]
-c_ cg'j|mdsf klxnf] kb / ;femf leGgtf kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ s] 6 pSt cg'j|mdsf] s'g} Pp6f kb xf], kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ pSt cª\sul0ftLo cg'j|md kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
 bf];|f] / t];|f] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ljleGg cg'j|mdx¿ klxrfg ug{ / pbfx/0fx¿ k|:t't ug{
-v_ cª\sul0ftLo cg'j|mdsf] dWodf jf dWodfx¿ kQf nufpg
z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
;;fgf k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{x¿
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ cª\sul0ftLo cg'j|mdsf] dWodf jf dWodfx¿ ePsf] Ps Pscf]6f pbfx/0fx¿ n]Vg
nufpg'xf];\ .
-u_ cª\sul0ftLo cg'j|mdsf] s'g} Pp6f jf PseGbf a9L dWodfg kQf nufpg] ljlwaf/] s]xL
pbfx/0f;lxt 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
s'g} b'O{ ;ª\Vofx¿lar Pp6f dWodf lgsfNbf,
b'O{ ;ª\Vof 3 / 13 larsf] Pp6f ;dfgfGt/o dWodf
oxfF,
t];|f] kb (t3) = a + 2d
⟹ 13 = 3 + 2d
⟹ 10 = 2d
∴ d = 5
ca,
∴a+d =3+5=8
∴ lbOPsf b'O{ ;ª\Vofx¿larsf] dWodf 8 x'G5 .
s'g} b'O{ ;ª\Vofx¿lar PseGbf a9L dWodfx¿ lgsfNbf,
b'O{ ;ª\Vof 3 / 13 lardf kg]{ 4 ;dfgfGt/ dWodfx¿
oxfF,
4 cf]6f dWodfx¿;lxt hDdf kbx¿sf] ;ª\Vof 6 x'G5 .
5}6f}F kb (t6) = a + 5d
⟹ 13 = 3 + 5d
⟹ 10 = 5d
 ∴ d = 2
ca,
∴a+d =3+2=5
∴ a + 2d = 3 + 2 × 2 = 7
∴ a + 3d = 3 + 3 × 2 = 9
∴ a + 4d = 3 + 4 × 2 = 11
∴ lbOPsf b'O{ ;ª\Vofx¿larsf] dWodfx¿ 5, 7, 9 / 11 x'G5g\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ k|To]s ;d"xx¿nfO{ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ Pscfk;df ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ / o;
;dodf cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .
k|ZgM
1= b'O{ cf]6f ;ª\Vofx¿ j|mdzM 14 / 70 /x]sf 5g\ eg]
-c_ lbOPsf ;ª\Vofx¿sf] ;dfgfGt/o dWodf kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ dfly lbOPsf ;ª\Vofx¿sf lardf kg]{ 6 cf]6f ;dfgfGt/o dWodfx¿ kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ olb 10 cf]6f ;dfgfGt/o dWodfx¿ /fVg'k/]sf] v08df ;dfgfGt/o leGgtf slt x'G5 <
-O{_ ;dfgfGt/ dWodfx¿ j|mdzM a9fpFb} hfFbf ;femf leGgtfdf s:tf] kl/jt{g b]vf kb{5 <
-p_ s'g} klg b'O{ ;ª\Vofx¿sf lardf sltcf]6f ;dfgfGt/o dWodfx¿ kfpg ;lsG5 <
pQ/M
-c_ b'O{ ;ª\Vof 14 / 70 larsf] Pp6f ;dfgfGt/o dWodf
oxfF,
t];|f] kb (t3) = a + 2d
⟹ 70 = 14 + 2d
⟹ 56 = 2d
∴ d = 28
ca,
∴ a + d = 14 + 28 = 42
∴ lbOPsf b'O{ ;ª\Vofx¿larsf] dWodf 42 x'G5 .
-cf_ b'O{ ;ª\Vof 14 / 70 lardf kg]{ 6 ;dfgfGt/o dWodfx¿
oxfF,
6 cf]6f dWodfx¿;lxt hDdf kbx¿sf] ;ª\Vof 8 x'G5 .
cf7f}F kb (t8) = a + 7d
⟹ 70 = 14 + 7d
⟹ 56 = 7d
∴ d = 8
ca,
∴ a + d = 14 + 8 = 22
∴ a + 2d = 14 + 2 × 8 = 30
∴ a + 3d = 14 + 3 × 8 = 38
∴ a + 4d = 14 + 4 × 8 = 46
∴ a + 5d = 14 + 5 × 8 = 54
∴ a + 6d = 14 + 6 × 8 = 62
∴ lbOPsf b'O{ ;ª\Vofx¿larsf] dWodfx¿ 22, 30, 38, 46, 54 / 62 x'G5g\ .
-O_ b'O{ ;ª\Vof 14 / 70 lar kg]{ 10 ;dfgfGt/o dWodfx¿ /fVg'k/]df,
oxfF,
10 cf]6f dWodfx¿;lxt hDdf kbx¿sf] ;ª\Vof 12 x'G5 .
Affx|f}F kb (t12) = a + 11d
⟹ 70 = 14 + 11d
⟹ 56 = 11d
56
∴ d =
11

-O{_ ;dfgfGt/ dWodfx¿ j|mdzM a9fpFb} hfFbf ;femf leGgtfsf] dfg nuftf/ 36\b} hfg] ub{5 .
-p_ s'g} klg b'O{ ;ª\Vofx¿sf lardf hlt cf]6f klg ;dfgfGt/ dWodfx¿ kfpg jf /fVg ;lsG5 .
lj|mofsnfk – 2

sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;d"xx¿df tnsf k|Zgx¿ 5nkmn;lxt ;dfwfg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
2= b'O{ cf]6f ;ª\Vofx¿ j|mdzM - 7 / 17 /x]sf 5g\ .
-c_ lbOPsf ;ª\Vofx¿sf] ;dfgfGt/o dWodf kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ dfly lbOPsf ;ª\Vofx¿sf lardf kg]{ 5 cf]6f ;dfgfGt/ dWodfx¿ kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
 -O_ olb 3 cf]6f ;dfgfGt/ dWodfx¿ /fVg'k/]sf v08df ;dfgfGt/ leGgtf slt x'G5 <
3= b'O{ cf]6f ;ª\Vofx¿ j|mdzM 5 / 65 /x]sf 5g\ eg],
-c_ lbOPsf ;ª\Vofx¿sf] ;dfgfGt/ dWodf kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ dfly lbOPsf ;ª\Vofx¿sf lardf kg]{ 3 cf]6f ;dfgfGt/ dWodfx¿ kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ olb 1 cf]6f ;dfgfGt/ dWodf /fVg'k/]sf] v08df ;dfgfGt/ leGgtf slt x'G5 <
lbOPsf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
4= 12 / 33 sf] lardf n cf]6f ;dfgfGt/ dWodfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . olb rf}yf] dWodf 24 eP n sf]
dfg / t];|f] dWodf kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
5= 15 / 45 sf] lardf k cf]6f ;dfgfGt/ dWodfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . olb t];|f] dWodf 30 eP k sf]
dfg / bf];|f] dWodf kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 ;= 140 sf] k|Zg g= 1 b]lv 4 ;Ddsf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .
 rf}yf] / kfFrf}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ;dfgfGt/ >]0fLsf] klxnf] s]xL kbx¿sf] of]ukmn lgsfNg] ;"q k|ltkfbg ug{
-v_ ;dfgfGt/ >]0fL;Fu ;DalGwt zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{x¿ .
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ ljBfyL{lar s]xL ;do ;dfgfGt/ >]0fLsf ljifodf 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ . o; j|mddf s]xL
pbfx/0fx¿ klg k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ s'g} klg ;dfgfGt/ >]0fLsf] klxnf] n kbx¿sf] of]ukmn s;/L lgsfNg ;lsG5 ;f]af/]
5nkmn;lxt ;"q k|ltkfbg ug'{xf];\ .
oxfF,
dfgf}F, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 Pp6f ;dfgfGt/ cg'j|md xf] eg]
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 Pp6f ;dfgfGt/ >]0fL xf] .
olb dfly pNnvt ;dfgfGt/ >]0fLsf] of]ukmn lgsfNg] xf] eg] / pSt dfgnfO{ S8 n] hgfPsf]
cj:yfdf,
S8 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 x'G5 / o;nfO{ 36\bf] of]ukmn j|mddf n]Vbf
⟹ S8 = 15 + 13 + 11 + 9 + 7 + 5 + 3 + 1

b'j} cj:yf -a9\bf] / 36\bf]_ sf of]ukmn :j¿kx¿nfO{ hf]8\bf,

S8 + S8 = (1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15) + (15 + 13 + 11 + 9 + 7 + 5 + 3 + 1)

⟹ 2 S8 = 16 + 16 + 16 + 16 + 16 + 16 + 16 + 16

⟹ 2 S8 = 8 X 16

∴ S8 = 64

;f]xL cg'¿kdf,
olb Sn = a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + (a + 3d) + ………….. + (b – d) + b x'g] xf] eg]
o;nfO{ 36\bf] of]ukmn j|mddf n]Vbf,
Sn = b + (b – d) + (b – 2d) + ………….. + (a + 2d) + (a + d) + a x'G5 .
 b'j} cj:yf -a9\bf] / 36\bf]_ sf of]ukmn :j¿kx¿nfO{ hf]8\bf,
Sn + Sn = [ a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + (a + 3d) + ………….. + (b – d) + b ] +
[b + (b – d) + (b – 2d) + ………….. + (a + 2d) + (a + d) + a]
⟹ 2 Sn = (a + b) + (a + b) + ……………………. + (a + b)

oxfF n cf]6f (a + b) kbx¿ ePsfn]

⟹ 2 Sn = n (a + b)
n (a + b)
∴ Sn = ……………… (i)
2
olb ;dfgfGt/ >]0fLsf] klxnf] kb a, clGtd kb b / n cf]6f kbx¿ ePsf] cj:yfdf ;"q (i) k|of]u
x'Fb5 .
;dLs/0f (i) df clGtd kb b = a + (n – 1)d sf] dfg k|lt:yfkg ubf{,
n { a + a + (n − 1)d }
Sn =
2
n { 2a + (n − 1)d }
⟹ Sn =
2
n
∴ Sn = { 2a + (n − 1)d }
2
cj:yfx¿ ;dfgfGt/ >]0fLsf] of]ukmn lgsfNg] ;"q
klxnf] kb (a), clGtd kb (b) / hDdf n (a + b)
Sn = 2
kbx¿sf] ;ª\Vof (n) lbOPsf] cj:yfdf
klxnf] kb (a), ;dfgfGt/ leGgtf (d) /
n
hDdf kbx¿sf] ;ª\Vof (n) lbOPsf] Sn = { 2a + (n − 1)d }
2
cj:yfdf

lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ Pscfk;df ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ / o;
;dodf cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .
k|ZgM
1= s'g} Pp6f ;dfgfGt/ >]0fLsf] rf}yf] / c7f/f}F kbx¿ j|mdzM 39 / 67 /x]sf 5g\ eg]
 -c_ lbOPsf] ;dfgfGt/ >]0fLsf] klxnf] 10 cf]6f kbx¿sf] of]ukmn kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ lbOPsf] ;dfgfGt/ >]0fL kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ lbOPsf] ;dfgfGt/ >]0fLaf6 klxnf] sltcf]6f kbx¿ lnOPsf] v08df of]ukmn 528 x'G5 <
-O{_ olb ;dfgfGt/ leGgtf - 2 x'g] xf] eg] klxnf] 10 cf]6f kbx¿sf] of]ukmn slt x'G5 <
pQ/
-c_ oxfF,
rf}yf] kb (t4) = 39

c7f/f}F kb (t18) = 67

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
t4 = a + 3d
⟹ 39 = a + 3d
∴ a = 39 – 3d …………. (i)
k]ml/,
t18 = a + 17d
⟹ 67 = a + 17d
∴ a + 17d = 67 …………… (ii)
;dLs/0f (i) af6 a sf] dfg ;dLs/0f (ii) df k|lt:yfkg ubf{,
∴ a + 17d = 67
⟹ 39 – 3d + 17d = 67
⟹ 14d = 67 – 39
⟹ 14d = 28
∴ d =2
d=2 sf] dfg ;dLs/0f (i) df /fVbf,
∴ a = 39 – 3d
= 39 – 3 × 2
= 33
ca,
n
Sn = { 2a + (n − 1)d }
2
10
⟹ S10 = { 2 × 33 + (10 − 1) × 2 }
2
 ⟹ S10 = 5 { 66 + 18 }

∴ S10 = 420

-cf_ oxfF, a = 33 / d =2 ePsfn]

∴ a = 33
∴ a + d = 33 + 2 = 35
∴ a + 2d = 33 + 2 × 2 = 37
∴ a + 3d = 33 + 3 × 2 = 39
ctM ;dfgfGt/ >]0fL 33 + 35 + 37 + … xf] .
-O_ oxfF,
a = 33 / d =2

Sn = 528 -dfgf}F_
n
∴ Sn = { 2a + (n − 1)d }
2
n
⟹ 528 = { 2 × 33 + (n − 1) × 2 }
2

⟹ 1056 = n { 66 + 2n − 2 }
⟹ 1056 = n { 64 + 2n }
⟹ 1056 = 64n + 2n2

⟹ 2n2 + 64n −1056 = 0

⟹ 2(n2 + 32n − 528) = 0

⟹ n2 + 32n − 528 = 0

⟹ (n + 44)(n − 12) = 0

jf, cyjf,
n + 44 = 0 n − 12 = 0
∴ n = − 44 -c;Dej_ ∴ n = 12

∴ lbOPsf] ;dfgfGt/ >]0fL klxnf] 12 cf]6f kbx¿ lnOPsf] v08df of]ukmn 528 x'G5 .
-O{_ oxfF,
a = 33 / d =-2
 n
∴ Sn = { 2a + (n − 1)d }
2
10
⟹ S10 = { 2 × 33 + (10 − 1) × (−2) }
2

⟹ S10 = 5 { 66 − 18 }

∴ S10 = 240

lj|mofsnfk – 2

sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;d"xx¿df tnsf k|Zgx¿ 5nkmn;lxt ;dfwfg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
2= s'g} Pp6f ;dfgfGt/ >]0fLsf] klxnf] kb - 24 / ;dfgfGt/ leGgtf 3 /x]sf 5g\ eg]
-c_ lbOPsf] ;dfgfGt/ >]0fLsf] klxnf] 8 cf]6f kbx¿sf] of]ukmn kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ lbOPsf] ;dfgfGt/ >]0fL kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ lbOPsf] ;dfgfGt/ >]0fLaf6 klxnf] sltcf]6f kbx¿ lnOPsf] v08df of]ukmn - 105 x'G5 <
-O{_ olb ;dfgfGt/ leGgtf - 2 x'g] xf] eg] klxnf] 15 cf]6f kbx¿sf] of]ukmn slt x'G5 <
3= Pp6f ;dfgfGt/ >]0fLsf] klxnf] kb - 12 / clGtd kb 73 / hDdf kbx¿sf] of]ukmn 549 eP,
-c_ lbOPsf] ;dfgfGt/ >]0fL l;ldt jf cl;ldt s] xf] <
-cf_ lbOPsf] ;dfgfGt/ >]0fLsf] ;dfg cGt/ kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ lbOPsf] ;dfgfGt/ >]0fLdf hDdf sltcf]6f kbx¿ /x]sf 5g\ kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O{_ lbOPsf] ;dfgfGt/ >]0fLsf] 7 cf}F kb kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
4= pd]zsf] xfnsf] dfl;s tna ?= 35,000 5 . k|To]s jif{ p;sf] u|]8 /sd ?= 1500 dfl;s
tnadf ylkFb} hfG5 .
-c_ olb olx b/n] a9\b} hfg] xf] eg] 5 jif{kl5 p;sf] hDDff cfDbfgL slt x'G5 <
-cf_ slt cf}F jif{kl5 p;sf] jflif{s cfDbfgL ?= 38,64,000 k'Ug]5 <
-O_ 5 jif{kl5 p;sf]] p;sf] hDdf cfDbfgL ?=50,00,000 k'¥ofpg slt /sd ck'u x'G5, kQf
nufpg'xf];\ .
d"Nofª\sg
lgDglnlvt k|Zg ug{ nufO{ d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\
1= s'g} Pp6f ;dfgfGt/ >]0fLsf] 10 cf}F / 17 cf}F kbx¿ j|mdzM 39 / 67 /x]sf 5g\ .
-c_ lbOPsf] ;dfgfGt/ >]0fLsf] klxnf] kb / ;dfg cGt/ kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ lbOPsf] ;dfgfGt/ >]0fL kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
 -O_ lbOPsf] ;dfgfGt/ >]0fLsf] klxnf] 26 cf]6f kbx¿sf] of]ukmn kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
6= ;f}of{n] g]kfn jfl0fHo a}ª\sdf uP/ Pp6f gofF JolStut vftf rNtL vftfcGtu{t vf]lng\ /
cfk"m;Fu ePsf] ?= 1,50,000 jflif{s 7.5 % k|lt jif{ ;fwf/0f Aofhsf b/df hDdf ul/g\ .
-c_ ;f}of{n] 5 jif{sf] cGTodf slt ld>wg k|fKt ug]{ l5g\ <
-c_ slt jif{sf] cGTodf ;f}of{n] ld>wgafkt ?= 2,40,000 k|fKt ug]{ l5g\ <
Uf[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 141 sf] k|Zg g= 5 b]lv 11 ;Ddsf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

5}6f}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ljleGg cg'j|mdx¿ klxrfg ug{ / pbfx/0fx¿ k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-v_ u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|mdsf] ;fwf/0f kb;Fu ;DalGwt zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
38L / ;do x]g{ hgfp 3G6L tyf ;;fgf k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf emns kQLx¿
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ b'O{cf]6f ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ xflh/Lhjfkm v]nfpgsf nflu cfjZos lgod ljBfyL{nfO{ atfpg'xf];\ .
-u_ s]xL ljBfyL{nfO{ pgLx¿sf] OR5fcg';f/ Pp6f 38L x]l/ hgfp 3G6L ahfpg / ;d"xx¿df
;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf lgefpgsf nflu ;xof]uLx¿ /fVg'xf];\ .
-3_ xflh/Lhjfkm v]n ;'? ug'{xf];\ h;df tnsf k|Zgx¿ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 M
k|Zgx¿M
1= s:tf cg'j|mddf j|mlds kbx¿larsf] km/s dfg cr/ x'G5 <
2= u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|mddf ;dfg leGgtfn] s] hgfpF5 <
3= s'g} u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|mdsf] klxnf] kb ‘a’ , ;dfg cg'kft ‘r’ eP n cf}F kb slt x'G5 <
4= u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|md 3, 9, 27, 81, ………….. df ;dfg cg'kft slt x'G5 <
-c_ 2 -cf_ 3 -O_ 4 -O{_ 5

5= olb s'g} ;x/sf] hg;ª\Vof x/]s jif{ kl5Nnf] jif{eGbf bf]Aa/ x'G5 eg] of] s'g >]0fLcGtu{t
 kb{5 <
6= s'g k|f/lDes klxrfgn] u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|mdnfO{ ;dfgfGt/ cg'j|md;Fu 5'6\ofpF5 <
7= ;dfgfGt/ cg'j|mddf s'g} b'O{ j|mdfut kbx¿larsf] cg'kftnfO{ s]n] hgfOG5 <
8= cg'j|md 1, 2, 4, 8, ………….. sf] 10 cf}F kb slt x'G5 <
9= >]0fL 1 + 5 + 25 + 125 + ……….. nfO{ ;fwf/0f kb l;Udf ;ª\s]tdf n]Vbf slt x'G5 <
10= cg'j|md 2, 6, 18, ………….. sf] 10 cf}F kb slt x'G5 <
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xx¿nfO{ k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{lar 5nkmn ug{ nufO{ k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ u/fpg'xf];\ . o; j|mddf
cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1. u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|mdsf] klxnf] kb (a), ;dfg cg'kft (r) x'Fbf ;fwf/0f kb (tn) slt
x'G5 <
2. u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|mdsf] klxnf] kb (a), ;dfg cg'kft (r) x'Fbf pSt cg'j|mdsf] ;fwf/0f ¿k
(General Form) s] x'G5 <
3. s'g} Pp6f u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|mdsf 4 cf}F / 7 cf}F kbx¿ j|mdzM 81 / 2187 5g\ .
-c_ cg'j|mdsf klxnf] kb / ;femf leGgtf kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ s] 243 pSt cg'j|mdsf] s'g} Pp6f kb xf], kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ pSt u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|md kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
pQ/
1. ;fwf/0f kb (tn) = a r n−1

2. ;fwf/0f ¿k M a, ar, ar2, ar3, ar4, ……………………………

3. -c_ oxfF,
4 cf}F kb (t4) = 81

7 cf}F kb (t7) = 2187

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
(tn) = a r n−1
⟹ t4 = a r 4−1
∴ 81 = a r 3 ……………..(i)
k]ml/,
(tn) = a r n−1

⟹ t7 = a r 7−1
∴ 2187 = a r 6 ……………..(ii)
; (ii) nfO{ ;dLs/0f (i) n] efu ubf{,
2187 ar6
∴ =
81 ar3

⟹ 27 = r 3

⟹ 33 = r3

⟹ 3 = r

∴ ;dfg cg'kft (r) = 3

ca,
r = 3 sf] dfg ;dLs/0f (i) df /fVbf,
∴ 81 = a r 3
⟹ 81 = a (3) 3

⟹ 81 = 27 a
∴ a=3
∴ klxnf] kb (a) =3

-cf_ oxfF,
n cf}F kb (tn) = 243 -dfgf}F_
klxnf] kb (a) = 3

;dfg cg'kft (r) = 3

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
(tn) = a r n−1

⟹ 243 = 3 × (3) n−1

⟹ 81 = (3) n−1

⟹ (3) 4 = (3) n−1

 ⟹ 4 = n–1
∴ n =5
∴ lbOPsf] ;ª\Vof 243 dflysf] cg'j|mdsf] kb xf] .
-O_ oxfF,
klxnf] kb (t1) = a = 3

bf];|f] kb (t2) = ar = 3 × 3 = 9

t];|f] kb (t3) = ar2 = 3 × 32 = 27

∴ k|Zgcg';f/sf] u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|md 3 , 9, 27 , ……………. x'G5 .

d"Nofª\sg
-s_ olb dflysf] u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|mddf r sf] dfg ;dfg ¿kdf 36\g] xf] eg] cg'j|mdsf] :j¿k s:tf]
x'G5 <
-v_ cª\sul0ftLo / u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|mdsf Tersia Puzzle agfO ;d"xut k|ltof]lutf u/fO{ d"Nofª\sg
ug'{xf];\ .
u[xsfo{
4. s'g} Pp6f u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|mdsf 6 cf}F / 10 cf}F kbx¿ j|mdzM 64 / 1024 5g\ .
-c_ cg'j|mdsf klxnf] kb / ;dfg cg'kft kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ 20 cf}F kb kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ pSt u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|md kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
6. s'g} Pp6f u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|mdsf 2 cf}F / 5 cf}F kbx¿ j|mdzM 6 / 162 5g\ .
-c_ cg'j|mdsf] klxnf] kb / ;dfg cg'kft kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ s] 125 pSt cg'j|mdsf] s'g} Pp6f kb xf], kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ pSt u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|md kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
7. s'g} Pp6f u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|mdsf 3 cf}F / 6 cf}F kbx¿ 1:8 sf] cg'kftdf /x]sf 5g\ . olb 8 cf}F
kb 512 eP
-c_ cg'j|mdsf] klxnf] kb / ;dfg cg'kft kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ s] 12 pSt cg'j|mdsf] s'g} Pp6f kb xf], kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ pSt u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|md kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
 ;ftf}F / cf7f}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ljleGg cg'j|mdx¿ klxrfg ug{ / pbfx/0fx¿ k|:t't ug{
-v_ u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|mdsf] dWodf jf dWodfx¿ kQf nufpg
z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
;;fgf k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|mdsf] dWodf jf dWodfx¿ ePsf] Ps Pscf]6f pbfx/0f n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
-u_ u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|mdsf] s'g} Pp6f jf PseGbf a9L dWodfg kQf nufpg] ljlwaf/] s]xL
pbfx/0f;lxt 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
s'g} b'O{ ;ª\Vofx¿lar Pp6f dWodf lgsfNbf,
b'O{ ;ª\Vof 3 / 12 larsf] Pp6f u'0ff]Q/ dWodf
oxfF,
t];|f] kb (t3) = a r 2

⟹ 12 = 3 × r2

⟹ 4 = r2
∴ r = 2
ca,
∴ar =3×2=6
∴ lbOPsf b'O{ ;ª\Vofx¿larsf] u'0ff]Q/ dWodf 6 x'G5 .
s'g} b'O{ ;ª\Vofx¿lar PseGbf a9L dWodfx¿ lgsfNbf,
b'O{ ;ª\Vof 3 / 48 lardf kg]{ 3 u'0ff]Q/ dWodfx¿
oxfF,
3 cf]6f dWodfx¿;lxt hDdf kbx¿sf] ;ª\Vof 5 x'G5 .
kfFrf}F kb (t5) = a r 4

⟹ 48 = 3 × r 4

⟹ 16 = r 4
 ∴ r = 2
ca,
∴ar =3×2=6

∴ a r 2 = 3 × 2 2 = 12

∴ a r 3 = 3 × 2 3 = 24

∴ lbOPsf b'O{ ;ª\Vofx¿larsf] dWodfx¿ j|mdzM 6, 12 / 24 x'G5g\ .

lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ afF9\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ Pscfk;df ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ / o;
;dodf cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zg
1= b'O{cf]6f ;ª\Vofx¿ j|mdzM 4 / 1/8 /x]sf 5g\ .
-c_ lbOPsf ;ª\Vofx¿sf] u'0ff]Q/ dWodf kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ dfly lbOPsf ;ª\Vofx¿sf lardf kg]{ 4 cf]6f u'0ff]Q/ dWodf kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ olb 6 cf]6f u'0ff]Q/ dWodfx¿ /fVg'k/]sf] v08df ;dfg cg'kft slt x'G5 <
-O{_ u'0ff]Q/ dWodfx¿ j|mdzM a9fpFb} hfFbf ;dfg cg'kftdf s:tf] kl/jt{g b]vf kb{5 <
-p_ s'g} klg b'O{ ;ª\Vofx¿sf lardf sltcf]6f u'0ff]Q/ dWodfx¿ kfpg ;lsG5 <
pQ/
-c_ b'O{ ;ª\Vof 4 / 1/8 larsf] Pp6f u'0ff]Q/ dWodf
oxfF,
t];|f] kb (t3) = a r 2
1
⟹ = 4 × r2
8

⟹ 1/32 = r2
1
∴ r =
2√2

ca,
1 1
∴ar =4× =
4√ 2 √2
 1
∴ lbOPsf b'O{ ;ª\Vofx¿larsf] u'0ff]Q/ dWodf x'G5 .
√2
-cf_ b'O{ ;ª\Vof 4 / 1/8 lardf kg]{ 4 ;dfgfGt/ dWodfx¿
oxfF,
4 cf]6f dWodfx¿;lxt hDdf kbx¿sf] ;ª\Vof 6 x'G5 .
5}6f}F kb (t6) = a r 5

⟹ 1/8 = 4 × r 5

⟹ 1/32 = r 5
1
∴ r =
2

ca,
1
∴ar =4× 2=2
1
∴ a r 2 = 4 × (2) 2 = 1

1 1
∴ a r 3 = 4 × (2) 3 =
2
1 1
∴ a r 4 = 4 × (2) 4 =
4
1 1
∴ lbOPsf b'O{ ;ª\Vofx¿larsf] dWodfx¿ j|mdzM 2, 1, / x'G5g\ .
2 4

-O_ b'O{ ;ª\Vof 4 / 1/8 lar kg]{ 6 u'0ff]Q/ dWodfx¿ /fVg'k/]df,

oxfF,
6 cf]6f dWodfx¿;lxt hDdf kbx¿sf] ;ª\Vof 8 x'G5 .
cf7f}F kb (t8) = a r 7

⟹ 1/8 = 4 × r 7

⟹ 1/32 = r 7

7 1
∴ r = √
32

-O{_ u'0ff]Q/ dWodfx¿ j|mdzM a9fpFb} hfFbf ;dfg cg'kftsf] dfg ;dfg ¿kdf 36\b} hfg]
ub{5 .
-p_ s'g} klg b'O{ ;ª\Vofx¿sf lardf hltcf]6f klg u'0ff]Q/ dWodfx¿ kfpg jf /fVg
;lsG5 .
lj|mofsnfk – 3

sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;d"xdf tnsf k|Zgx¿ 5nkmn;lxt ;dfwfg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ M
2= b'O{cf]6f ;ª\Vof j|mdzM 1/2 / 32 /x]sf 5g\ M
-c_ lbOPsf ;ª\Vofx¿sf] u'0ff]Q/ dWodf kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ dfly lbOPsf ;ª\Vofx¿sf lardf kg]{ 5 cf]6f u'0ff]Q/ dWodfx¿ kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ olb 3 cf]6f u'0ff]Q/ dWodfx¿ /fVg'k/]sf] v08df ;dfg cg'kft slt x'G5 <
3= b'O{cf]6f ;ª\Vofx¿ j|mdzM 35 / 2240 /x]sf 5g\ .
-c_ lbOPsf ;ª\Vofx¿sf] u'0ff]Q/ dWodf kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ dfly lbOPsf ;ª\Vofx¿sf lardf kg]{ 5 cf]6f u'0ff]Q/ dWodfx¿ kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ olb 8 cf]6f u'0ff]Q/ dWodfx¿ /fVg'k/]sf] v08df ;dfg cg'kft slt x'G5 <
d"Nofª\sg

lbOPsf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
4= 5 / 80 sf] lardf n cf]6f u'0ff]Q/ dWodf /x]sf 5g\ . olb bf];|f] dWodf 20 eP n sf]
dfg / t];|f] dWodf kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
5= 4 / 128 sf] lardf k cf]6f u'0ff]Q/ dWodf /x]sf 5g\ . olb klxnf] / clGtd dWodfx¿sf]
cg'kft 1:8 eP k sf] dfg / rf}yf] dWodf kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
6= olb 6, x, y, 162 s'g} Pp6f u'0ff]Q/ >]0fL eP x / y sf] dfgx¿ kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 149 sf] k|Zg g= 1 b]lv 4 ;Ddsf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .
 gjf}}F / b;f}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ u'0ff]Q/ >]0fLsf] klxnf] s]xL kbx¿sf] of]ukmn lgsfNg] ;"q k|ltkfbg ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
-v_ u'0ff]Q/ >]0fL;Fu ;DalGwt zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
;;fgf k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{x¿
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ ljBfyL{lar s]xL ;do u'0ff]Q/ >]0fLsf ljifodf 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ . o; j|mddf s]xL
pbfx/0fx¿ klg k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ s'g} klg u'0ff]Q/ >]0fLsf] klxnf] n kbx¿sf] of]ukmn s;/L lgsfNg ;lsG5 ;f]af/]
5nkmn;lxt ;"q k|ltkfbg ug'{xf];\ .
oxfF,
a, ar, ar2, ar3, ar4, ar5, ………….., ar n – 1 Pp6f u'0ff]Q/ cg'j|md xf] h;df a n] pSt
cg'j|mdsf] klxnf] kb / r n] ;dfg cg'kft a'emfpF5 . To;} u/L
a + ar + ar2 + ar3 + ar4 + ar5 + .………….+ ar n – 1 Pp6f u'0ff]Q/ >]0fL xf] .
dfly plNnlvt u'0ff]Q/ >]0fLsf] of]ukmn lgsfNg] xf] eg] / pSt dfgnfO{ Sn n] hgfPsf]
cj:yfdf,
Sn = a + ar + ar2 + ar3 + ar4 + ar5 + .………….+ ar n – 1 ……………. (i) x'G5 /
o;nfO{ r n] u'0fg ubf{,
rSn = ar + ar2 + ar3 + ar4 + ar5 + .………….+ ar n ……………. (ii) x'G5 .
; (ii) nfO{ ; (i) af6 36fpFbf,
∴ (1 – r) Sn = a – ar n

a − ar n
⟹ Sn =
1−r
a (1 − r n )
∴ Sn =
1−r
a (r n − 1)
∴ Sn =
r−1
olb pSt >]0fLsf] clGtd kb b eP b = a r n – 1 x'G5 .
a (r n − 1)
∴ Sn =
r−1
arn −a
⟹ Sn =
r−1
r (a r n − 1 ) − a
⟹ Sn =
r−1
br − a
∴ Sn =
r−1

cj:yfx¿ u'0ff]Q/ >]0fLsf] of]ukmn lgsfNg] ;"q

klxnf] kb (a), ;dfg cg'kft (r) / hDdf a (1 − r n )
∴ Sn = olb r < 1
1−r
kbx¿sf] ;ª\Vof (n) lbOPsf] cj:yfdf a (r n − 1)
∴ Sn = olb r > 1
r−1

klxnf] kb (a), clGtd kb (b) / hDdf br − a

∴ Sn = r−1
kbx¿sf] ;ª\Vof (n) lbOPsf] cj:yfdf

lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ Pscfk;df ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L pSt k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ / o;
;dodf cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zg
1= Pp6f u'0ff]Q/ >]0fL 3 + 6 + 12 + 24 + …………… + 768 5 .
-c_ lbOPsf] u'0ff]Q/ >]0fLsf] of]ukmn kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ s] 192 lbOPsf] u'0ff]Q/ >]0fLsf] kb xf], kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
pQ/
-c_ oxfF,
klxnf] kb (a) = 3

;dfg cg'kft (r) = 6/3 = 2

clGtd kb (tn) = 768 = b

 xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
br − a
∴ Sn =
r−1
768 × 2 − 3
=
2–1
= 1533
∴ lbOPsf] u'0ff]Q/ >]0fLsf kbx¿sf] of]ukmn 1533 x'G5 .
-cf_ oxfF,
klxnf] kb (a) = 3

;dfg cg'kft (r) = 6/3 = 2

k cf}F kb (tk) = 192 -dfgf}F_

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
k cf}F kb (tk) = a r k – 1
⟹ 192 = 3 × (2) k – 1

⟹ 64 = (2) k – 1

⟹ (2) 6 = (2) k – 1
∴ 6 = k–1
∴ k = 7
∴ 192 lbOPsf] u'0ff]Q/ >]0fLsf] 7cf}F kb /x]5 .
2= s'g} Pp6f u'0ff]Q/ >]0fLsf klxnf] 3 / klxnf] 6 cf]6f kbx¿sf] of]ukmnx¿ j|mdzM 14 / 126 5g\ .
-c_ lbOPsf] u'0ff]Q/ >]0fLsf] klxnf] kb / ;dfg cg'kft kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ lbOPsf] u'0ff]Q/ >]0fL kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ lbOPsf] u'0ff]Q/ >]0fLsf] klxnf] 10 cf]6f kbx¿ of]ukmn kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
pQ/,
-c_ oxfF,
klxnf] tLgcf]6f kbx¿sf] of]ukmn (S3) = 14

klxnf] 5cf]6f kbx¿sf] of]ukmn (S6) = 126

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
a (1 − r n )
Sn =
1−r
 a (1 − r 3 )
⟹ S3 =
1–r
a (1 − r 3 )
∴ 14 = …………….(i)
1−r
k]ml/,
a (1 − r n )
Sn =
1−r
a (1 − r 6 )
⟹ S6 =
1–r
a (1 − r 6 )
∴ 126 = …………….(ii)
1−r
;dLs/0f (ii) nfO{ ;dLs/0f (i) n] efu ubf{,
a (1 − r 6 )
126 1−r
=
14 a (1 − r 3 )
1−r

1 − r6
⟹ 9 =
1 − r3
2
(1)2 − (r3 )
⟹ 9 =
1 − r3
(1 − r 3 )(1 + r 3 )
⟹ 9 =
1 − r3
⟹ 9 = 1 + r3

⟹ 8 = r3
∴ r=2

ca, r = 2 sf] dfg ;dLs/0f (i) df /fVbf,

a (1 − r 3 )
∴ 14 =
1−r
a (1 − 2 3 )
⟹ 14 =
1−2
−7 a
⟹ 14 =
−1
∴ a=7

-cf_ oxfF,
 klxnf] kb (a) = 7

;dfg cg'kft (r) = 2

∴ a =7
∴ a r = 7 × 2 = 14
∴ a r 2 = 7 × 2 2 = 28

∴ lbOPsf] u'0ff]Q/ >]0fL 7 + 14 + 28 + ……………. /x]5 .

-O_ oxfF,
klxnf] kb (a) = 7

;dfg cg'kft (r) = 2

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
a (r n − 1)
∴ Sn =
r−1
7 (2 10 − 1)
S10 =
2–1
∴ S10 = 7161

lj|mofsnfk – 2

sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;d"xdf tnsf k|Zgx¿ 5nkmn;lxt ;dfwfg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .

3= Pp6f u'0ff]Q/ >]0fLsf] rf}yf] / ;ftf}F kbx¿ j|mdzM 24 / 192 eP,

-c_ lbOPsf] u'0ff]Q/ >]0fLsf] klxnf] kb / ;dfg cg'kft kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ lbOPsf] u'0ff]Q/ >]0fLsf] klxnf] 10 cf]6f kbsf] of]ukmn lgsfNg'xf];\ .
-O_ s] 202 o; u'0ff]Q/ >]0fLsf] s'g} kb x'g ;S5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
4= dx]zn] O{Zj/L;Fu cf]6f ls:tfaGbLdf ltg]{ u/L ?= 19,682 ;fk6L lnP . k|To]s ls:tfaGbLdf
cluNnf]eGbf kl5Nnf] ls:tfaGbL tLgu'0ff a9Lsf b/n] ltb}{ hfG5g\ eg] klxnf] ls:tfaGbL /sd
/ clGtd ls:tf /sdlarsf] km/s /sd slt /x]5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
d"Nofª\sg
lgDgcg';f/sf k|Zg ;f]wL d"Nofª\sg / k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
1= s'g} b'O{ wgfTds ;ª\Vofx¿sf] cª\sul0ftLo dWos 5 / u'0ff]Q/ dWos 3 eP pSt ;ª\Vofx¿
kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
2= s'g} u'0ff]Q/ >]0fLsf tLgcf]6f j|mdfut ;ª\Vofx¿sf] u'0fgkmn 64 5 . olb klxnf] / t];|f]
;ª\Vofdf 1 / bf];|f] ;ª\Vofdf 2 hf]8\g] xf] eg] gofF ;ª\Vofx¿ cª\sul0ftLo j|mdfut ;ª\Vofx¿
aGg] 5g\ . pSt ;ª\Vofx¿ kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

Uf[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 150 sf] k|Zg g= 5 b]lv 9 ;Ddsf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

b;f}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ cg'j|md / >]0fL;Fu ;DalGwt Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{sf] ljj/0f ePsf] sfuh

lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ tnsf] lj|mofsnfk n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/fO{ pSt Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{df clu a9\g
nufpg'xf];\ .

lzIfssf] ;xeflutfdf ;fyLx¿sf] b'O{ ;d"x b'O{ ;d"xx? A / B agfpg'xf];\ / ul0ftLo

;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ cEof;df ;l/s x'g 1 xKtfsf] of]hgf agfpg'xf];\ . tkfO{Fsf lzIfsn]
;d"x A sf nflu k|To]s lbg bf]Aa/sf] ;ª\Vofdf yKb} cEof;sf nflu ;d:of lbg'x'G5 eg]
;d"x B sf nflu k|To]s lbg t]Aa/sf] ;ª\Vofdf yKb} cEof;sf nflu ;d:of lbg'x'G5 . ;d"x
A sf nflu klxnf] lbg hDdf 3 cf]6f ;ª\Vofdf dfq ;d:of lbg'eof] / ;d"xsf B sf nflu
klxnf] lbg hDdf 1 cf]6f ;ª\Vofdf dfq ;d:of lbg'eof] . Ps xKtfkl5 s'g ;d"xn] hDdf
slt sltcf]6f ;d:of ;dfwfg u/]5g\ kQf nufpg'xf];\ / 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ .

Gff]6M ljBfyL{ l;sfOsf nflu cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sg dfkb08 2080 k|of]u u/L Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo
;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\ .
 kf77
ju{ ;dLs/0f (Quadratic Equation)

kl/ro
l8u|L 2 ePsf] Ps rno'St ;dLs/0fnfO{ ju{ ;dLs/0f elgG5 . ju{ ;dLs/0fsf] :j¿k
ax 2 + bx + c = 0 x'G5, hxfF a ≠ 0 x'g'k5{ . ju{ ;dLs/0fsf] xn eg]sf] rnsf b'O{cf]6f dfgx¿
kQf nufpg] sfo{ xf] . ju{ ;dLs/0fsf o:tf b'O{cf]6f dfgx¿nfO{ ju{ ;dLs/0fsf d"nx¿ (Roots
of the quadratic equation) elgG5 . ju{ ;dLs/0f;DaGwL hfgsf/L / v08Ls/0f ljlwaf6 xn ug]{
sfo{ sIff 8 df g} ul/;lsPsf] 5 .
o; PsfOdf ju{ ;dLs/0f;Fu ;DalGwt aLhul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{ v08Ls/0f ljlw,
ju{ k"/f u/]/ / ;"q k|of]u u/]/ ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug'{sf ;fy} ju{ ;dLs/0f;DaGwL zflAbs
;d:ofnfO{ ul0ftLo efiffdf JoSt ug]{, ul0ftLo tj/n] ;f]Rg] / ts{ ug]{ Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{
vf]lhPsf] 5 . o; kf7nfO{ lzIf0f ;xhLs/0f ug{ 5nkmn ljlw, k|Zgf]Q/ ljlw, ;xof]ufTds lzIf0f
ljlw, ;d:ofdf cfwfl/t l;sfO ljlwsf] k|of]u / cEof; ug]{ sfo{df hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 .
kf7\oj|mdcg';f/ o; kf7df b]xfoadf]lhdsf l;sfO pknlAw /x]sf 5g\ M
-s_ ju{ ;dLs/0f;DaGwL aLhul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{
o; kf7sf nflu hDdf kf7\oj|mdnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ 9 cg'dflgt 306fsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
t;y{ o; kf7cGtu{t\ ;dfj]z kf7of+zsf] ljefhg lgDgfg';f/ ul/Psf] 5 M
kf7\oj:t'sf]
j|m=;= kf7\oj:t' cg'dflgt 306f
;DalGwt k[i7
1. ju{ ;dLs/0fsf] kl/ro, :j¿k / v08Ls/0f
2 152,153,154,160
ljlw af6 ju{ ;dLs/0fsf] xn
2. ju{ k"/f u/]/ ju{ ;dLs/0fsf] xn 1 155,156,157,160
3. ;"q k|of]u u/]/ ju{ ;dLs/0fsf] xn 1 185,159,160
ju{ ;dLs/0f;DaGwL k|fljlws ;d:ofnfO{
4. ul0ftLo jfSodf ¿kfGt/0f / zflAbs 3 162 – 172
;d:ofsf] xn
5. Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ 2 172
hDdf
kf7 lzIf0f ubf{ Wofg lbgk'g]{ kIfx¿
-s_ kf7;Fu ;DalGwt k"j{1fg
→ v08Ls/0f ug]{ l;ksf] k"j{1fg
→ /]vf ;dLs/0f;DaGwL k"j{1fg
→ z"Go u'0fgv08 u'0fgsf nflu k|To]s /]vf u'0fgv08x¿nfO{ ;dfwfg ug]{ k"j{1fg
a × b = 0 eP , a = 0 cyjf b=0 x'g'k5{ .
→ ;ª\Vofsf] :j¿k;DaGwL k"j{ hfgsf/L h:t} M
• j|mdfut jf cg'jtL{ k|fs[lts ;ª\Vofx¿
• j|mdfut hf]/ / ljhf]/ ;ª\Vofx¿
• k|fs[lts ;ª\Vof / To;sf] Jo'Tj|md
→ b'O{ cª\sn] ag]sf ;ª\Vof;DaGwL hfgsf/L lbg'k5{ .
→ kl/ldlt / If]qkmn;DaGwL hfgsf/L lbg'k5{ .
-v_ ;Defljt unt a'emfO tyf cjwf/0ff
-l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ubf{ ljBfyL{n] clwstd ¿kn] ug]{ uNtLx¿_
x2 – a2 = 0 x'Fbf
⟹ x2 = a2
⟹ x=a ug]{ uNtLx¿
x2 – 3x = 0 x'Fbf
⟹ x2 = 3x
⟹ x=3 ug]{ ulGtx¿
• zflAbs ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;dLs/0fsf] ¿kdf JoSt ug]{ uNtLx¿
• If]qkmn, nDafO, rf}8fO / pd]/df C0ffTds dfg /fVg] uNtLx¿
 klxnf] / bf];|f] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ju{ ;dLs/0fsf] kl/ro / :j¿k klxrfg ug{
-v_ u'0fgv08 ljlwaf6 ju{ ;dLs/0fsf] xn ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
rf6{ k]k/, ˆofS; sf8{x¿
lj|mofsnfk - 1
-s_ ;ª\Vofsf cfwf/df ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .
-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ ˆof; sf8{df n]lvPsf k|Zg afF8\g'xf];\ .
Pp6f ljBfnosf] cfotsf/ clkm; sf]7fdf sfk]{6 lj5\ofpFbf 80m2 sfk]{6 nfUof] .
olb ;f] sf]7fsf] nDafO{ rf}8fOeGbf 2 ld6/n] a9L 5 eg], tnsf k|Zgx¿ cfcfˆgf]
;d"xdf 5nkmn ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-c_ olb cfotsf/ sf]7fsf] rf}8fO x ld6/ eP nDafO slt x'G5 <
-cf_ cfotsf/ sf]7fsf] If]qkmn kQf nufpg] ;"q s] x'G5 <
-O_ pSt ;DaGwnfO{ ul0ftLo jfSodf pNn]v ubf{ ju{ ;dLs/0f aG5 xf]nf, pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ lbOPsf k|Zgx¿ cfcfˆgf] ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/fO{ ljBfyL{af6 cfPsf] k|ltlj|mofx¿nfO{
j|md};Fu ;xhLs/0f ub}{ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
pQ/x¿
oxfF, sf]7fsf] rf}8fO (b) = x x'Fbf
nDafO (l) = x + 2 x'G5 .
cfotsf/ sf]7fsf] If]qkmn = nDafO × rf}8fO
= x (x + 2)

k|Zgcg';f/ o;nfO{ ul0ftLo jfSodf pNn]v ubf{

⇒ x (x + 2) = 80
⇒ x2 + 2x = 80

⇒ x2 + 2x – 80 = 0

oxfF, rn/flzsf] ;aeGbf 7'nf]] 3ftfª\s cyf{t\ l8u|L 2 ePsfn] of] ju{ ;dLs/0f xf] .
 ⇒ x2 + 10x – 8x – 80 = 0

⇒ x(x + 10) – 8(x + 10) = 0

⇒ (x + 10) (x – 8) = 0
cyjf
x + 10 = 0
x = - 10 -c;Dej x'g]_
jf
x–8=0
x=8
ca sf]7fsf] rf}8fO (b) = x ld6/

= 8 ld6/

sf]0fsf] nDafO (l) = (x + 2) ld6/

=8+2
= 10 ld6/ x'G5 .
-3_ cGTodf ljBfyL{nfO{ sfkLdf lgisif{ l6kf]6 ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
lgisif{
• ax2 + bx + c = 0 sf] :j¿kdf ePsf] / l8u|L 2 ePsf] Ps rno'St ;dLs/0fnfO{ ju{
;dLs/0f elgG5 hxfF, a ≠ 0 x'G5, h:t} M x2 – 5x + 6 = 0 , x2 – 16 = 0 cflb .
• olb 2x2 + 80 = 0 h:tf ju{ ;dLs/0fnfO{ z'4 ju{ ;dLs/0f (Pure Quadratic Equation)

elgG5 .
• x2 – 5x + 6 = 0 h:tf ju{ ;dLs/0fnfO{ ldl>t ju{ ;dLs/0f (Adfected Quadratic Equation)

elgG5 .
• ct M ax2 + c = 0 ¿ksf ju{ ;dLs/0f z'4 ju{ ;dLs/0f xf] eg] ax2 + bx + c = 0 h:tf

;dLs/0fnfO{ ;fdfGo ¿k ju{ ;dLs/0f elgG5 .

lj|mofsnfk - 2
-s_ ToxL ;d"xdf /x]sf ljBfyL{nfO{ rf6{ k]k/df n]lvPsf k|Zgx¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
i) 8x2 – 32 = 0 ii) x2 + 6x + 8 = 0
-v_ oL k|Zgx¿ lbO;s]kl5 ljBfyL{nfO{ cfcfˆgf] ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/fO{ km]l/ lgDg k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/
df}lvs ¿kdf lbg nufpg'xf];\ .
-c_ dfly lbOPsf] ju{ ;dLs/0f s'g z'4 jf ldl>t ju{ ;dLs/0f xf] <
-cf o;nfO{ s;/L ;dfwfg ug]{ xf]nf <
-O_ ju{ ;dLs/0fsf] rnsf sltcf]6f dfgx¿ x'G5g\ <
-O{_ s] dfg 3gfTds dfq x'G5g\ jf C0fTds dfq x'G5g\ jf b'j} x'g ;S5g\ <
-p_ s] afofFtkm{ /x]sf] aLhLo cleJo~hsnfO{ v08Ls/0f ug{ ;lsG5 <
-u_ ljBfyL{af6 df}lvs ¿kdf cfPsf] k|ltlj|mofx¿nfO{ j|mdzM d"Nofª\sg ub}{ ;dLs/0f xn ug{
tkm{ Wofg s]lGb|t u/fpg'xf];\ .
-c_ 8x2 – 32 = 0
⇒ 8 (x2 – 4)=0
⇒ x2 – 4 = 08
(ax2 + c = 0 sf] ¿kdf 5, To;sf/0f of] z'4 ;dLs/0f x'G5 . )

⇒ x2 – 4 = 0 -∴ 0 nfO{ s'g} ;ª\Vofn] efu ubf{ glthf 0 x'G5 . _

⇒ (x)2 – (2)2 = 0
⇒ (x + 2) (x - 2) = 0 (∴ a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b) x'G5 . )

cyjf jf
x+2=0 x–2=0

⇒ x=-2 ⇒ x=2
k/LIf0f
8x2 – 32 = 0 nfO{ v08Ls/0f ljlwåf/f ;dfwfg u/L rn /flz x sf dfgx¿ -2, 2 eof] .
ca, x sf] dfg ;dLs/0fdf k|lt:yfkgf ubf{,
x = −2 /fVbf, 8 × (-2)2 – 32 = 0 x=2 /fVbf,
8 × 4 – 32 = 0 8 × 22 – 32 = 0
33 – 32 = 0 8 × 4 – 32 = 0
0 = 0 dfGo eof] . 32 – 32 = 0
0 = 0 dfGo eof] .
-cf_ x2 + 6x + 8 = 0

of] ;dLs/0f ax2 + bx + c = 0 sf] ¿kdf 5 . To;sf/0f of] ju{ ;dLs/0f ldl>t ju{ ;dLs/0f
xf] .
x2 + 6x + 8 = 0

⇒ x2 + 4x + 2x + 8 = 0 -b'O{cf]6f ;ª\Vof hf]8\bf 6 / b'O{cf]6f ;ª\Vof u'0fg ubf{ 8 cfpg]_

⇒ x (x + 4) + 2 (x + 4) = 0
⇒ (x + 4) (x + 2) = 0
cyjf jf
x+4=0 x+2=0

⇒x=-4 ⇒ x = -2
hfFr]/ x]bf{ M
x2 + 6x + 8 = 0 df x = - 4 /fVbf,

⇒ (-4)2 + 6 × (-4) + 8 = 0
⇒ 16 – 24 + 8 = 0
⇒ 24 – 24 = 0
0 = 0 dfGo eof] .
x2 + 6x + 8 = 0 df x = - 2 /fVbf
⇒ (-2)2 + 6 × (-2) + 8 = 0
⇒ 4 – 12 + 8 = 0
⇒ 12 – 12 = 0
0=0 dfGo eof]
ct ;dLs/0f x2 + 6x + 8 = 0 sf dfgx¿ x = -2 / -4 x'g\ .
d"Nofª\sg
-c_ ju{ ;dLs/0f eg]sf] s] xf] <
-cf_ z'4 ju{ ;dLs/0f / ldl>t ju{ ;dLs/0fsf b'O{ b'O{cf]6f pbfx/0f n]Vg'xf];\ .
-O_ ju{ ;dLs/0fdf rn /flzsf sltcf]6f dfg x'G5g\ .
-O{_ x2 + 9x + 8 = 0 nfO{ v08Ls/0f ljlwaf6 xn ug'{xf];\ .
u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 160 sf] cEof; 7.1 sf] k|Zg g= 1 / 2 sf ;a} k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

t];|f] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ju{ k"/f u/]/ ju{ ;dLs/0fsf] xn ug{
z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
ˆof; sf8{, rf6{ k]k/
lj|mofsnfk - 1
-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cluNnf] lbgsf] kf7sf] k'g/jnf]sg ub}{ cfhsf] kf7df Wofg s]lGb|t ug{
nufpg'xf];\ .
-v_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;ª\Vofsf cfwf/df cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ ju{ k"/f u/]/ ul/g] ;dLs/0fsf] xn s;/L ug]{ xf]nf < ljleGg r/0f / j}slNks ljlwx¿
pbfx/0f;lxt ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
-3_ s]xL ;dosf] 5nkmnkl5 lgDglnlvt k|Zg r/0fa4 ¿kdf af]8{df ul/lbg'xf];\ M
k|Zg
1. x2 – 25 = 0
2. x2 – 10x + 16 = 0
3. x2 – 7x + 12 = 0
15
4. x2 + 10 = 2x

;dfwfgx¿
1. x2 – 25 = 0

⇒ x2 = 25

⇒ (x)2 = (±5)2 (∴ x2 / 25 b'j} ju{ x'g\ )

⇒ x = ±5 (x2 = a2 :j¿ksf ju{ ;dLs/0fsf] xn x = ± a x'gfn] )

ct M ju{ ;Ls/0f 𝑥 2 − 25 = 0 sf d"nx¿ 𝑥=±5 x'G5 .

o;nfO{ csf{] tl/sfn] klg ug{ ;lsG5 egL ljBfyL{nfO{ ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
2. x2 – 10x + 16 = 0

⇒ x2 – 10x = -16
[oxfF, ax2 + bx + c = 0 ¿kdf ePsf] ;dLs/0fnfO{ ax2+ + bx = - c sf] ¿kdf k'gn]{vg ug{
nufpg'xf];\ .]
[ca, x2 + bx låkbLo cleJo~hs 5 eg] k"0f{ ju{ x'g] tLg kbLo (Trinomial) cleJo~hs
agfpg' k5{ .]
[o;sf nflu Pp6f ;lhnf] ljlw pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .]
[x sf] cfwf u'0ffª\ssf] ju{ lng nufpg'xf];\ .
1 2
yKg' kg]{ ;ª\Vof = (2 × x को गणु ाङ्क )
1 2
= (2 × 10)

= (5)2
= 25

⇒ x2 – 10x + 25 = - 16 + 25 [ b'j} kIfdf 25 hf]8\g'xf];\ . ]

⇒ x2 – 2.x.5 + 52 = 9 [a2 – 2ab + b 2 = (a – b)2]
⇒ (x – 5)2 = (±3) 2
ca, b'j}lt/ ju{d"n lng'xf];\ .
x–5=±3

wgfTds lrx\g lnbf, C0ffTds lrx\g lnbf,

x–5=3 x–5=-3

⇒x=3+5 ⇒x=-3+5
⇒x=8 ⇒x=2
ctM ju{ ;dLs/0f x2-10x+16=0 sf d"nx¿ 8 / 2 x'g\ .
3. x2 – 7x + 12 = 0
⇒ x2 – 7x = - 12
yKg' kg]{ ;ª\Vof vf]hL ubf{,
1 2
(2 × 𝑥 को गणु ाङ्क )

⇒ x2 – 7x + 494 = −12 + 494

2
⇒ x2 – 2.x. (72) =−
48 + 49
4

2
⇒ (x − 72) =4
1

7 2 1 2 1
⇒ (x − 2) = (± 2
) =4
2 1 2
⇒ (x − 72) = (± )
2

ca, b'j}lt/ ju{d"n lnFbf,

7 1
x- =±
2 2
wgfTds lrx\g lnFbf, C0ffTds lrx\g lnFbf,
1 7 −1 7
x=2+2 x= +
2 2

1+7
⇒ x=
2
⇒ x = − 1 +2 7
8 6
⇒ = x= 2
⇒x= 2

⇒x=4 ⇒x=3
ctM ju{ ;dLs/0f x2 – 7x + 12 = 0 sf d"nx¿ 3 / 4 x'g\ .
𝟏𝟓
4. x2 + 𝟏𝟔 = 2x

⇒ x2 – 2x = - 15
16

1 2
yKg' kg]{ ;ª\Vof = (2 × 𝑥 को गणु ाङ्क )
1 2
(2 × 2) = (1)2 = 1

ca, x2 – 2x = - 15
16
+1

⇒ x2 – 2. x. 1 + 12 = − 1516+ 16
 1
⇒ (x – 1)2 = 16

1 2
⇒ (x − 2)2 = (± 4
)

1
∵x−1=±
4
ca, 3gfTds lrx\g lnFbf, C0ffTds lrx\g lnFbf,
1 −1
x–1=4 x – 1= 4

⇒ x = 14 + 1 ⇒ x=
−1
4
+1
1+4 −1+4
⇒x= 4
⇒ x= 4
5 3
x=4 x=4
15
ct ju{ ;dLs/0f x 2 + 10 = 2x sf d"nx¿ 34 / 54 x'g\ .
d"Nofª\sg
lbOPsf ;d:of sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
5. lbOPsf] ju{ ;dLs/0fx¿nfO{ k"0f{ ju{ agfpg] ljlwaf6 xn ug'{xf];\ .
-c_ x2 + 3x = 10

-cf_ 4x2 – 9x – 9 = 0

-O_ 5x2 = 8x + 21

-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 160 sf] cEof; 7.1 sf] k|Zg g= 3 sf ;a} k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .
 rf}yf] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ju{ ;dLs/0fsf] ;"q k|of]u u/L ju{ ;dLs/0f xn ug{

z}If0fLs ;fdu|L
rf6{ k]k/, k\mnf; sf8{

lj|mofsnfk –1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ s]xL ;do cluNnf] lbgsf] kf7sf] k'g/jnf]sg u/fpg'xf];\ .

-v_ ljBfyL{nfO{ kf7\ok':tssf] k]h gDa/ 158 df ePsf] lj|mofsnfk 3 5nkmn u/L cWoog
ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-u_ s]xL ;dosf] 5nkmnkl5 lgDg k|Zgx¿ /fVg'xf];\ .
k|Zg
1. ax2 + bx + c = 0 nfO{ s;/L ;dfwfg ug]{ xf]nf <
2. x sf d'nx¿ s] s] x'g ;S5g\ <
3. s] o;nfO{ ju{ k"/f u/L ug]{ xn ljlwaf6 ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 xf]nf <
-3_ ljBfyL{af6 cfPsf] k|ltlj|mofx¿nfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug{ lbOPsf] ;dLs/0fnfO{ ju{ k"/f u/L xn
ug]{ ljlwaf6 ;dfwfg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
1. oxfF,

lbOPsf] ;dLs/0f ax2 + bx + c = 0

ax2 + bx = 0 nfO{ [∴ crn ;ª\Vof c nfO{ bfofFtkm{ nUg'xf];\ .]

ax2 + bx −c
⇒ = [∴ b'a}tkm{ a n] efu ug'{xf];\ . ]
a a
ax2 bx −c
⇒ + =
a z a
bx −c
⇒ 𝑥2 + =
a a
1
oxfF yKg'kg]{ ;ª\Vof = (2 𝑥 sf] u'0ffª\s)
1 b 2
=( × )
2 a
 b2
= 2
4a
b2 b2
⇒ x2 + bxz + 4a2
=
−c
a
+ 4a2

b 2 − 4ac + b2
⇒ (x)2 + b
2.x.2a + (2a) =
4a2
[ a / 4a2 sf] n=;= lnFbf ]
2 b2 −4ac
⇒ (x + 2ab ) = 4a2
[∴ a2-2ab+b2 = (a-b)2 x'G5]
2
⇒ x + 2ab = ± √b −4ac
2a
[∴b'a}tkm{ ju{d"n lnFbf]
b2 −4ac
⇒ x = −b
2a
±√ 2a
[∴ 4a2 af6 ?6 x6fpFbf]
2
⇒ x = −b ± √b2a − 4ac [∴ 2a n=;= lnFbf]
−b+√b2 −4ac 2
t;y{, x sf d'nx¿ j|mdzM 2a
/ −b−√b2a −4ac x'g\ .
-ª_ ljBfyL{nfO{ lgisif{ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
−b ± √b2 − 4ac
x= nfO{ ju{ ;dLs/0f ax 2 + bx + c = 0
2a

sf] xn ug]{ ;"q elgG5 . v08Ls/0f ljlwaf6 ;dfwfg ug{ g;lsg] ju{ cyf{t\ ;a} k|sf/sf ju{
;dLs/0f ;"q k|of]u u/]/ x sf d"nx¿ kQf nufpg ;lsG5 .
lj|mofsnfk - 2
-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 159 sf] pbfx/0f 3 5nkmn u/L cWoog ug{
nufpg'xf];\ .
-v_ s]xL ;dosf] 5nkmnkl5 ;d"xdf sfo{ ug{ rf6{k]k/df n]lvPsf k|Zgx¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
k|Zg
1. ;"q k|of]u u/L lbOPsf ju{ ;dLs/0fsf] xn ug'{xf];\ M
-c_ x2 − 5x + 6 = 0
1
-cf_ x+x = 3

;dfwfg
-c_ x 2 − 5x + 6 = 0

oxfF lbOPsf] ju{ ;dLs/0f -c_nfO{ ax 2 + bx + c = 0 ;Fu t'ngf ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . t'ngf ubf{,
a = 1, b = - 5 / c = 6

ca, ju{ ;dLs/0fsf] ;"q cg';f/,

−b ± √b2 − 4ac
x= 2a
df a, b / c sf dfgx¿ /fVbf,
−(5) ± √(−5)2 − 4 × 1 × 6
⇒ x= 2×3

5 ± √25 − 24
⇒ 𝑥= 2

5±1
⇒ x= 2

ca, wgfTds lrx\g lnFbf, C0ffTds lrx\g lnFbf,

5+1 5−1
x= x=
2 2

6 4
⇒ x= 2
⇒ x= 2

⇒ 𝑥=3 ⇒ x=2

t;y{ x sf d"nx¿ qmdzM 2,3 /x]5g\ .

x+1
-cf_ x
=3

x2 + 1
⇒ x
= 3 [∴ x n=; lnFbf]

⇒ x2 + 1 = 3x [j|m; u'0fg ubf{]

⇒ x 2 − 3x + 1 = 0 − (i)

ca ;dLs/0f -i_ nfO ax 2 + bc + c = 0 ;Fu t'ngf ubf{,

a = 1, b = -3 / c = 1

ju{ ;dLs/0fsf] ;"q k|of]u ubf{,

−b ± √b2 − 4ac
⇒ x= 2a

−(−3) ± √(−3)2 − 4 × 1 × 1
⇒ 𝑥= 2×1

− (−3) ± √9 − 4
⇒ 𝑥= 2

3 ± √5
⇒ x= 2
wgfTds lrx\g lnFbf, C0ffTds lrx\g lnFbf,
3 + √5 3 − √5
∴x= ∴x=
2 2

3 + √5 3 − √5
t;y{, 𝑥 sf d"nx¿ j|mdzM 2
/ 2
/x]5g\ .
d"Nofª\sg

lbOPsf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
2. Pp6f ju{ ;dLs/0f x 2 − 7x + 12 = 0 lbOPsf] 5 .
-c_ v08Ls/0f ljlwaf6 xn ug'{xf];\ .
-cf_ ju{ k"/f u/L xn ug'{xf];\ .
-O_ ;"q k|of]u u/L xn ug'{xf];\ .
-O{_ d"nx¿ k/LIf0f ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 160 sf] cEof; 7.1 sf] k|Zg g= 4 sf ;a} ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg
ug'{xf];\ .
 kfFrf}F, 5}6f}F / ;ftf}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ju{ ;dLs/0f;DaGwL zflAbs ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ul0ftLo jfSodf ¿kfGt/0f ug{
-v_ ju{ ;dLs/0f;DaGwL zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿

lj|mofsnfk –1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf !÷! cf]6f rf6{k]k/x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfcfkm\gf] ;d"xdf 5nkmn ug{ nufO{ pSt k|Zgsf] pQ/ cfkm\gf] skLdf n]Vg
nufpg'x];\ .
k|Zg
/d]zsf] xfnsf] pd]/ 13 jif{ 5 . p;sf] a'afsf] pd]/ 40 jif{ 5 . lbOPsf] hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df
tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ s] s] x'g ;S5 <
-c_ 5f]/feGbf a'af slt jif{n] h]7f] 5 <
-cf_ b'O{ jif{ clu a'af / 5f]/fsf] pd]/ slt lyof] <
-O_ slt jif{ clu ltgLx¿sf] pd]/sf] u'0fgkmn 194 lyof] xf]nf < o;nfO{ s;/L kQf nufpg
;lsG5 xf]nf <
-O{_ lbOPsf] cj:yfaf6 s] ;dLs/0f agfpg ;lsG5 < ;dLs/0f aG5 eg] /]vLo ;dLs/0f jf ju{
;dLs/0f s'g x'G5, n]Vg'xf];\ .
pQx¿M
-c_ /d]z / p;sf a'afsf] pd]/sf] km/s = 40 – 13 = 27 jif{ 5 . To;}n] /d]zeGbf p;sf a'af
27 jif{n] h]7f] x'g'x'G5 .
-cf_ b'O{ jif{clu /d]zsf] pd]/ = 13 – 2 = 11 jif{ . b'O{ jif{clu /d]zsf a'afsf] pd]/ = 40 – 2 =
38 jif{ lyof] .
-O_ To;}u/L @ jif{kl5 /d]zsf] pd]/ = 13 + 2 = 15 jif{ . 2 jif{kl5 p;sf a'afsf] pd]/ = 40
+ 2 = 42 jif{ x'g] 5 .
-O{_ dfgf}F x jif{kl5 pgLx¿sf] pd]/ slt lyof] xf]nf <
 /d]zsf] pd]/ = (13 – x) jif{ lyof]
p;sf a'afsf] pd]/ = (40 – x) jif{ lyof] .
ca, (13 – x) × (40 – x) = 198

⇒ 520 – 13x – 40x + x2 = 198

⇒ x2 – 53x + 520 – 198 = 0

⇒ x2 – 53x + 322 = 0

[ of] ju{ ;dLs/0f xf], lsgls x sf] clwstd\ 3ftfª\s 2 5 . ]

ca v08Ls/0f ljlwaf6 ;dfwfg u/L x]/f}F .
⇒ x2 – (46 + 7) x + 322 = 0

⇒ x2 – 46x – 7x + 322 = 0

⇒ x (x – 46) – 7 (x – 46) = 0
⇒ (x – 46) (x – 7) = 0

cyjf, jf,
⇒ 𝑥 – 46 = 0 ⇒𝑥– 7 = 0

∴ 𝑥 = 46 -c;Dej dfg_ ∴ x = 7 -;Dej dfg_

x = 46 rflxF pko'St ;dfwfg xf]Og .

t;y{ 7 jif{ klxn] pgLx¿sf] pd]/sf] u'0fgkmn 198 lyof] .
k/LIf0f ubf{,
⇒ (13 – 7) × (40 – 7) = 198

⇒ 6 × 33 = 198

⇒ 198 = 198 dfGo eof] .

gf]6M ljBfyL{nfO{ zflAbs ;d:ofsf] lzIf0f ug]{ j|mddf ;d:of a'emfpg dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 .
zflAbs ;d:ofsf] cWoog ubf{ k|ZgnfO{ @÷# k6s;Dd bf]xf]¥ofP/ k9\g nufpg' k5{ .
;d:ofdf lbOPsf s'/fx¿ s] s] x'g\ < kQf nufpg' kg]{ s] xf] < k|:t't s'/fx¿ b}lgs
hLjg;Fu cfwfl/t pbfx/0f lbg'kg]{ / tL ;d:ofnfO{ ul0ftLo jfSodf ¿kfGt/0f ug{
l;sfpg' k5{ .
lj|mofsnfk –2

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ sIff 9 df cWoog u/]sf] ;+:yfx¿;DaGwL 1fgnfO{ k'g/jnf]sg u/fpg'xf];\ .

-v_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 163 / 164 sf] pbfx/0fx¿ 4 b]lv 7 ;Ddsf k|Zgx¿
5nkmn u/L cWoog ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ s]xL ;dosf] 5nkmnkl5 ToxL ;d"xdf sfo{ ug{ rf6{k]k/df n]lvPsf k|Zgx¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
-c_ Pp6f k|fs[lts ;ª\Vofsf] ju{sf cfwf/af6 $ 36fpFbf glthf !$ x'G5 eg] ;f] ;ª\Vof
kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ s'g} b'O{cf]6f wgfTds j|mdfut hf]/ ;ª\Vofx¿sf] u'0fgkmn @$ x'G5 eg] tL ;ª\Vofx¿
kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
25
-O_ olb s'g} ;ª\Vof / To;sf] Jo'Tj|mdsf] of]ukmn 5 eP ;f] ;ª\Vof kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
pQ/x¿
-c_ oxfF,
dfgf}, Pp6f k|fs[lts ;ª\Vof x / To;sf] ju{ ;ª\Vof x2 xf] .
k|Zgcg';f/,
x2
⇒ 2 - 4 = 14

x2
⇒ 2 = 14 + 4
x2
⇒ 2 = 18

⇒ x2 = 18 × 2

⇒ x2 = 36

⇒ x=  6 ctM xfdLnfO{ wgfTds ;ª\Vof rflxPsfn] x = 6 dfq x'G5 .

 cfjZos k|fs[lts ;ª\Vof 6 xf] .
-cf_ ;dfwfg,
oxfF,
dfgf}F b'O{cf]6f j|mdfut hf]/ ;ª\Vofx¿ x / x + 2 5g\ .
 k|Zgcg';f/,
x × (x + 2) = 24

⇒ x2 + 2x = 24

⇒ x2 – 2x – 24 = 0

⇒ x2 + 6x – 4x – 24 = 0

⇒ x(x + 6) – 4(x + 6) = 0

⇒ (x + 6) (x – 4) = 0

cyjf, jf,
x+6=0 x–4=0

⇒x=-6 ⇒x=4
ctM cfjZos wgfTds ;ª\Vof j|mdzM 4 / 4 + 2 = 6 /x]5

-O_ ;dfwfgM
oxfF,
1
dfgf}F of] cfjZos ;ª\Vof x / To;sf] Jo'Tj|md ;ª\Vof x xf] .
k|Zgcg';f/,
1 26
x+x = 5

x2 + 1 26
⇒ x = 5

⇒ 5x2 + 5 = 26x

⇒ 52x2 – 25x – x + 5 = 0

⇒ 5x (x – 5) – 1(x – 5) = 0

⇒ (x – 5) (5x – 1) = 0

cyjf, jf,
5x – 1 = 0 x–5=0

⇒ 5x = 1 ∴ x=5
1
∴ x=5
 1
t;y{ cfjZos ;ª\Vofx¿ j|mdzM 5 / 5
/x]5g\ .
d"Nofª\sg

lbOPsf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
-c_ s:tf ;ª\Vofx¿nfO{ j|mdfut k|fs[lts ;ª\Vof elgG5 < pbfx/0faf6 b]vfpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ j|mdfut hf]/ / ljhf]/ ;ª\Vofx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ ug'{xf];\ .
-O_ Pp6f wgfTds ;ª\Vofsf] ju{sf] bf]Aa/af6 3 36fpFbf kl/0ffd 15 x'G5 . o;nfO{ ul0ftLo
;dLs/0fdf ¿kfGt/0f ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 170 / 171 sf] cEof; 7.2 sf] k|Zg g= 1 b]lv 16 ;Ddsf ;d:ofx¿ k"/f
ug'{xf];\ .

lj|mofsnfk -3

-s_ b'O{ cª\sn] ag]sf ;ª\Vofx¿sf] pbfx/0f;lxt k'g/jnf]sg u/fpg'xf];\ .

-v_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ rf6{ k]k/df n]lvPsf] k|Zg afF8\g'xf];\ .
-3_ ;d"xdf ljBfyL{nfO{ k|Zgf]Q/, 5nkmn ub}{ lgDg ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ lj|mofzLn
u/fpg'xf];\ .
k|Zg
b'O{ cª\sn] ag]sf] ;ª\Vofx¿sf] u'0fkmn 18 5 . pSt ;ª\Vofaf6 27 36fpFbf ;f] ;ª\Vofsf cª\sx¿
ablnG5g\ eg],
-c_ b'O{ cª\sn] ag]sf] ;ª\Vof n]Vg'xf];\, h;sf] Pssf] :yfgdf y / bzsf] :yfgdf x 5 .
-cf_ lbOPsf] zflAbs ;d:ofnfO{ ul0ftLo jfSodf n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ pSt ;ª\Vofx¿ kQf nufpg'x]f;\ .
;dfwfg
-c_ oxfF,
Pssf] :yfgdf ;ª\Vof = y
bzsf] :yfgsf] ;ª\Vof = x
 Tof] ;ª\Vof = 10x + y eof]
-cf_ lbOPsf] zflAbs ;d:ofnfO{ ul0ftLo jfSodf n]Vbf,
k|Zgcg';f/, x y = 18 ---------------- (i)
10x + y – 27 = 10y + x ---------------- (ii)
;dLs/0f (ii) af6,

⇒ 10x – x + y – 10y = 27

⇒ 9x – 9y = 27

⇒ 9(x – y) = 27

⇒ x–y=3

⇒ x = 3 + y ------------- (iii)

ca, x sf] dfg ;dLs/0f (i) df /fVbf,

x y = 18

⇒ (3 + y) y = 18

⇒ 3y + y2 = 18

⇒ y2 + 3y – 18 = 0

⇒ y2 + 6y – 3y – 18 = 0

⇒ y(y + 6) – 3(y + 6) = 0

⇒ (y + 6) (y – 3) = 0

cyjf, jf,
y+6=0 y–3=0

⇒y=-6 ⇒y=3
y = -6 sf] dfg ;dLs/0f (iii) df /fVbf,
⇒ x = 3 + (-6)
⇒x=3–6
⇒x=-3
y = 3 sf] dfg ;dLs/0f (iii) df /fVbf,
 ⇒ x=3+3

⇒x=6
ctM y = - 6 / x = - 3 x'Fbf,

pStf ;ª\Vof = 10x + y

= 10×(-3)+(-6)
= -30 – 6
= -36
ctM x = 6 / y = 3 x'Fbf,

pSt ;ª\Vof = 10x + y

= 10 × 6 + 3
= 63
d"Nofª\sg
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 172 sf] cEof; 7.2 sf] k|Zg g= 18 ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

lj|mofsnfk –4

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 167 / 168 sf] pbfx/0f 11 / 12 5nkmn u/L cWoog
ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-v_ s]xL ;dosf] 5nkmnkl5 ToxL ;d"xdf sfo{ ug{ rf6{k]k/df n]lvPsf k|Zg k|To]s ;d"xnfO{
afF8\g'xf];\ .
k|Zg
1. lrqdf b]vfP h:t} 16m × 12m gfk ePsf 3fF;] d}bfgsf] jl/kl/ a/fa/ rf}8fO ePsf] k}bn
dfu{ :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ o;sf] s'n If]qkmn 320m2 n] a9]sf] kfOof] .

-c_ dflysf] ;Gbe{cg';f/ 3fF;] d}bfgsf] jl/kl/ /x]sf] a/fa/ rf}8fOnfO{ x dfg]/ ;dLs/0f
agfpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ 3fF;] d}bfgsf] jl/kl/ /x]sf] rf}8fO slt x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
;dfwfg

oxfF,
-c_

k|Zgcg';f/M
d}bfgsf] nDafO = 16 + x + x = 16 + 2x
d}bfgsf] rf}8fO = 12 + x + x = 12 + 2x
-cf_ d}bfgsf] If]qkmn (A) = nDafO × rf}8fO
320m2 = (16 + 2x) (12 + 2x)
ca, ;dLs/0f agfpFbf,
(16 + 2x) (12 + x) = 320

⇒ 192 + 32x + 24x + 4x2 = 320

⇒ 4x2 + 56x + 192 – 320 = 0

⇒ 4x2 + 56x – 128 = 0

⇒ 4(x2 + 14x – 32) = 0

⇒ x2 + (16 – 2) x – 32 = 0

⇒ x2 + 16x – 2x – 32 = 0

⇒ x(x + 16) – 2(x + 16) = 0

⇒ (x + 16) (x – 2) = 0
cyjf, jf,
x + 16 = 0 x–2=0

⇒ x = -16 ⇒ x=2

oxfF, x = - 16 /fVbf d}bfgsf] nDafO / rf}8fO{ C0ffTds x'g] x'Fbf . x = - 16 sf] dfg c;Dej
5.
ctM
 3fF;] d}bfgsf] jl/kl/ /x]sf] rf}8fO = 2m 5 .

2. Pp6f ;dsf]0fL lqe'hsf] s0f{ 13 ld6/ 5 . olb afFsL b'O{ e'hfsf] gfksf] km/s 7 ld6/ eP,
-c_ pSt lqe'hsf afFsL b'O{ e'hfsf] nDafO lgsfNg'xf];\ .
-cf_ pSt lqe'hsf] If]qkmn kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
;dfwfg
oxfF, lrqdf ABC Pp6f ;dsf]0f lqe'h xf], hxfF B = 90° / s0f{sf] gfk (h) = AC = 13

ld6/ 5 .
dfgf}+, cfwf/sf] gfk (b) = BC = x

nDasf] gfk (P) = AB = y

k|Zgcg';f/
x–y=7
x = 7 + y ------------ (i)
ca, ;dsf]0f lqe'h ABC df, h2 = p2 + b2 x'G5 .
(AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2

⇒ 132 = y2 + (7+y)2
⇒ 169 = y2 + 49 + 14y + y2

⇒ 169 = 2y2 + 49 + 14y

⇒ 2y2 + 14y + 49 – 169 = 0

⇒ 2y2 + 14y -120 = 0

⇒ 2(y2 + 7y – 60) = 0

⇒ y2 + 7y – 60 = 0

⇒ y2 + (12 – 5) y – 60 = 0

⇒ y2 + 12y – 5y – 60 = 0
⇒ y(y + 12) – 5(y + 12) = 0

⇒ (y + 12) (y – 5) = 0

cyjf, y + 12 = 0
 y = - 12, y eg]sf] ;dsf]0f lqe'hsf] nDa xf], To;sf/0f y = 12 c;Dej 5.
⇒ y–5=0

⇒y=5
cfwf/sf] gfk, x=7+y
=7+5
= 12 m
nDasf] gfk, y = 5m

t;y{ afFsL e'hfsf] gfk 5 ld6/ / 12 ld6/ /x]5 .

1 1
ii) ;dsf]0f lqe'hsf] If]qkmn = 2 cfwf/ × nDa [A=2]

1
= 2 × 12 × 5

=6×5
= 60m2 x'G5 .
d"Nofª\sg

lbOPsf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
3. Pp6f ;dsf]0fL lqe'hsf] s0f{ 10 l;=ld= / afFsL e'hfx¿sf] of]ukmn 14 cm 5 eg],
-c_ pSt lqeh'sf] afFsL b'O{ e'hfx¿sf] nDafO lgsfNg'xf];\ .
-cf_ pSt lqe'hsf If]qkmn kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
4. Pp6f cfotfsf/ hUufsf] If]qkmn 2000 ju{ ld6/ / kl/ldlt 180 ld6/ eP,
-c_ ju{ ;dLs/0f ax 2 + bx + c = 0 , a ≠ 0 sf d"nx¿ pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .
-cf_ lbOPsf] cj:yfnfO{ ul0ftLo jfSodf n]Vg'xf];\ .
-O_ pSt hUufsf] nDafO / rf}8fO kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O{_ ;f] hUufnfO{ juf{sf/ agfpg nDafO cyjf rf}8fOnfO{ slt k|ltztn] 36fpg' k5{ /
lsg <
-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 171 / 172 df ePsf] cEof; 7.2 sf] k|Zg g= 17 sf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug{
lbg'xf];\ .
 cf7f}F / gjf}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ju{ ;dLs/0f;Fu ;DalGwt Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
ld6/ 6]k, 8f]/L

cfkm\gf] ljBfnosf] rp/df elnan v]Ng] 7fpFsf] gS;fª\sg ug{sf nflu 6÷6 hgfsf] 3 cf]6f
;d"x lgdf{0f ug'{xf];\ . klxnf] ;d"xsf nflu hDdf If]qkmn 128 ju{ ld6/ / kl/ldlt 28 ld6/
x'g] u/L sf]6{sf] nDafO / rf}8fO kQf nufpg'xf];\ . bf];|f] ;d"xsf] hDdf If]qkmn 172 ju{
ld6/ / kl/ldlt 54 ld6/ x'g] u/L sf]6{sf] nDafO / rf}8fO kQf nufpg'xf];\ . t];|f] ;d"xsf]
hDdf If]qkmn 200 ju{ ld6/ / kl/ldlt 70 ld6/ x'g] u/L sf]6{sf] nDafO / rf}8fO kQf
nufpg'xf];\ . s'g ;d"xn] agfPsf] elnan sf]6{ gfksf cfwf/df v]Ngsf nflu pko'St x'G5
lgisif{ lgsfnL sIffsf]7fdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .

lj|mofsnfk -1

-s_ 6÷6 hgf u/L tLg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ kl/of]hgsf] ljj/0f klxnf], bf];|f] / t];|f] ;d"x u/L lbg'xf];\ .
-u_ k|To]s ;d"xn] k|fKt u/]sf] glthf ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/fO{ lgisif{ lgsfNg nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ ljBfyL{n] u/]sf] sfo{ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ sIff sf]7fdf k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-ª_ cGTodf ljBfyL{sf] k|:t'lt / cfcfkm\gf] ;d"xsf] ;lj|motfsf] ?la|S;sf] cfwf/df d"Nofª\sg
ug'{xf];\ .
 gd'gf ?la|S;
Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ d"Nofª\sg ?la|S;
;d"xut Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ k|:t'ltsf] d"Nofª\sg ?la|S;

If]q cfwf/ ;"rs cª\s k|fKtfª\s

tYofª\ssf cfwf/df b'O{ o'ukbLo ;dLs/0fx¿ tof/
u/L ;/n 9ª\uaf6 kbx¿sf] k|lt:yfkg u/L ju{
2
;dLs/0f tof/ u/]df, u0fgf sfo{x¿df s'g} q'l6
gePsf]
tYofª\ssf cfwf/df b'O{ o'ukbLo ;dLs/0fx¿ tof/
ul/ ;/n 9ª\uaf6 kbx¿sf] k|lt:yfkg u/L ju{
1.5
;dLs/0f tof/ u/]df, u0fgf sfo{x¿df s]xL q'l6 ePsf]
ul0ftLo
1 1fgsf] / pko'St ;'emfjcg';f/ ;'wf/ u/]df
z'4tf tYofª\ssf cfwf/df b'O{ o'ukbLo ;dLs/0fx¿ tof/
u/L kbx¿sf] k|lt:yfkg ul/ ju{ ;dLs/0f tof/ ubf{ /
1
u0fgf sfo{x¿df q'l6x¿ ePsf] t/ cfjZos ;xhLs/0f
ubf{ ;'wf/ u/]df
tYofª\ssf cfwf/df b'O{ o'ukbLo ;dLs/0fx¿ tof/
u/L kbx¿sf] k|lt:yfkg u/L ju{ ;dLs/0f tof/ ubf{ / 0.5

u0fgf sfo{x¿df cTolws q'l6 ePdf

ljBfyL{ JolStut Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ k|:t'ltsf] d"Nofª\sg ?la|S; cg';"rL @ k|of]u
ug'{xf];\ .
lzIfssf nflu yk hfgsf/L
– ljBfyL{sf] efjgfcg'¿k ;"rgf / ;~rf/ k|ljlw (ICT) sf] k|of]u ug]{
– gd'gf lrq0f ljlw (Model drawing method) sf] k|of]u ug]{
– ju{ ;dLs/0fsf] xnsf s]xL pbfx/0fx¿nfO{ u|fkmsf dfWodaf6 ;d]t k|:t't ug]{ u/fpg]
– ljleGg k|sf/sf pbfx/0fx¿ agfO{ ul0ftLo efiffdf JoSt ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{
– ;xof]ufTds / 5nkmn ljlw k|of]u u/L cEof; sfo{df hf]8 lbg]
 kf7 8
aLlho leGg (Algebraic Fraction)

kl/ro
c+z / x/ b'j}df lahLo cleJo~hs k|of]u ul/Psf] leGgx¿nfO{ lahLo leGg elgG5 . olb p(x) /
p(x)
q(x) b'O{ lahLo cleJo~hs eP p(x) / q(x) n] ag]sf] leGg , hxfF q(x)  0 nfO{ lahLo leGg
q(x)
elgG5 .
oxfF, lahLo cleJo~hsx¿ h:t} p(x) / q(x) df rn, crn /flz / ul0ftLo lj|mofx¿ -hf]8, 36fp,
u'0fg, efu / 3ftfª\s_ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] x'G5 .
cfwf/e"t txsf] sIff 8 df klg lahLo leGgx¿sf] kl/ro, lahLo leGgx¿nfO{ ;/nLs/0f ug]{
k|lj|mofx¿ ckgfO{ Go"gtd kbdf n}hfg] sfo{x¿ ul/Psf] 5 .
o; PsfO lahLo leGgx¿sf] ;/nLs/0f -a9Ldf tLg leGg;Dd_ sf ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfj]z
ul/Psf] 5 . o; kf7nfO{ lzIf0f ;xhLs/0f ug{ JofVofg ljlw, k|bz{g ljlw, / ;d:ofdf cfwfl/t
l;sfO ljlwx¿sf] k|of]u / cEof; ug]{ sfo{df hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 .
o; kf7sf nflu kf7\oj|mdn] tf]s]sf l;sfO pknlAw lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M
-s_ lahLo leGgx¿sf] ;/nLs/0f ug{
o; kf7sf nflu kf7\oj|mdn] hDdf 7 cg'dflgt 306fsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . t;y{ o; kf7cGtu{t
;dfj]z kf7of+zsf] ljefhg lgDgfg';f/ ul/Psf] 5 M
lzIf0f of]hgf÷kf7of+z ljefhg
cg'dflgt kf7oj:t'sf] ;DalGwt
j|m=;= kf7oj:t'
306f k[i7
lahLo leGgsf] kl/ro k'g/jnf]sg, n3'td
1. kbdf abNg / ;dfg x/, c;dfg x/x¿sf] 2 173, 174, 179

lj|mof
2. b'O{ lahLo cleJo~hsx¿sf] leGgsf] ;/n 1 175, 179

3. tLg lahLo cleJo~hsx¿sf] leGgsf] ;/n 2 176 – 178

¿9 lrGx ;dfj]z ePsf lahLo cleJo~hs

4. 1 179
leGgsf] ;/nLs/0f tyf xn
5. Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ 1 180

hDdf 306f 7
1= kf7 lzIf0f ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ kIfx¿
-s_ kf7;Fu ;DalGwt k"j{1fg
-c_ rn /flz, crn /flz, ;dfg x/ eP gePsf] leGgsf] klxrfg x'g'kg]{
-cf_ cleJo~hsx¿sf] v08Ls/0f;DaGwL 1fg
-O_ n=;= tyf d=;= ;DaGwL 1fg
-O{_ v08Ls/0fsf nflu cfjZos 1fg
i. ;femf lng]
ii. a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a - b)
iii. a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2)
iv. a3 - b3 = (a-b) (a2 + ab + b2)
v. ax2 + bx + c = 0 :j¿kdf /x]sf] v08Ls/0f ug{
vi. a4 – b4 :j¿kdf /x]sf] v08Ls/0f ug{
-v_ ;Defljt unt a'emfO tyf cjwf/0ff l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ubf{ ljBfyL{n] clwstd ¿kn] ug]{
uNtLx¿
1. (x+3)2 nfO{ x2 + 32 ug]{ uNtLx¿
x+5 x+5 5
2.
x(x-1)
sf] ;/n ubf{ x(x - 1)
df x-1
n]Vg] uNtLx¿
10 10 10
3. x + y nfO{ x
+ y n]Vg] uNtLx¿
4x + 1 3(x-2) 4x + 1 - 3x - 6
x2 - x2 sf]
4. ;/n ubf{, x2 ug]{ uNtLx¿
 klxnf] / bf];|f] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ lahLo leGgsf] kl/ro lbg
-v_ lahLo leGgtfnfO{ n3'td kbdf abNg
-u_ ;dfg tyf c;dfg x/ ePsf leGgx¿sf] hf]8 tyf 36fp ug{
z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
xy x2-y2 a+3 x2+5x+4 3 2a
x2y (x+y)2 2
a +5a+6 x2-16 xy - xy2

n]lvPsf rf6{x¿ .
lj|mofsnfk –1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ dfly plNnlvt sf8{x¿ k|To]s ;d"xsf ljBfyL{nfO{ ljt/0f ug'{xf]; / lgDglnlvt k|Zgx¿
/fVg'xf];\ M
– s] dflysf leGgx¿ lahLo leGgx¿ x'g\ <
– olb lahLo leGgx¿df x/sf] dfg '0' eP s] x'G5, cflb .
-u_ ljBfyL{sf] 5nkmnaf6 cfPsf k|ltlj|mofx¿nfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\, h:t} M
dflysf ;a} lahLo leGgx¿ x'g\ lsgeg] o;df lahLo cleJo~hsx¿ ;dfj]z 5g\ . h;sf]
x/ / c+z 5g\ / x/ slxNo} klg 0 x'Fb}g . olb x/sf] dfg '0' eP ;f] leGgsf] cfg'kflts
10x
a-5 ,
cleJo~hs ckl/eflift x'g] s'/f 5nkmnaf6 k|:6 kfg'{xf];\, h:t} M oxfF olb a=5
10x
ePdf a-5 ckl/eflift x'G5 .
lj|mofsnfk –2
x2 + 5x + 4
-s_ x2 - 16 n]lvPsf] sf8{nfO{ b]vfO{ c+z / x/df ePsf kbx¿dWo] x2 sf6\g ldN5 <
5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ . s:tf] cj:yfdf sf6\g ldN5 < To;}n] ;Dej eP ;Dd c+z tyf x/sf
cleJo~hsx¿nfO{ v08Ls/0f ug]{ lgodx¿ k'g/jn]sg ub}{ v08Ls/0f ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
oxfF, x2 + 5x + 4 = (x + 4) (x + 1)
x2 – 16 = (x + 4) (x – 4)
x2 + 5x + 4 (x + 4)(x + 1) x+1
To;}n], 2
x - 16 = (x + 4)(x - 4) = x-4 n]Vg ;lsG5 .
 of] k|lj|mofnfO{ g} lbOPsf] lahLo cleJo~hsnfO{ n3'td kbdf ablnPsf] elgG5 .
-v_ ljBfyL{nfO{ sDtLdf 5/5 cf]6f n3'td kbdf n}hfg ldNg] lahLo leGgx¿ n]vfO sIff sf]7fdf
;/n u/L k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-u_ k|To]s ;d"xsf ljBfyL{nfO{ v08Ls/0fsf :j¿kx¿ / ;"qx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
h:t}M
-c_ 2x2 + 3x = x(2x + 3)

-cf_ 25 – y2 = (5 + y) (5 – y)

-O_ x2 – 5x + 6 = (x – 3) (x – 2) cflb .
lj|mofsnfk –2

-s_ x2 2xy + y2 x y 1 y
x+y + x - y - - 2 2
x-y x + y x-y x -y

n]lvPsf sf8{x¿ b]vfO{ s'g s'g ;dfg x/ ePsf / ;dfg x/ gePsf lahLo cleJo~hs
x'g\ < 5'6\ofpg nufpg'xf];\ .
-v_ ;dfg x/ ePsf lahLo leGgx¿sf] ;/n ug]{ tl/sfaf/] 5nkmn ug{ nufpg'xf];\, h:t} M
x2 2xy + y2
x+y + x+y
[ oL ;dfg x/ ePsf leGg x'g\ . ]

x2 + 2xy + y2 [ olb x/x¿ ;dfg ePdf, Pp6f dfq x/ /fv]/ c+zx¿sf]

= x+y cfjZos lj|mof -hf]8_ ul/of] . ]
(x+y)2
= x+y

(x +y) (x + y)
= (x + y)
= (x + y) x'G5 .
-u_ c;dfg x/ ePsf lahLo leGgx¿ n]Vg nufO{ ;/n ug]{ tl/sfaf/] 5nkmn ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
h:t} M
x y
x-y − x+y [x/ c;dfg 5g\ .]

x(x+y) y(x-y) [;dfg x/ agfpg, Pp6f leGgsf] x/n] csf]{ leGgsf]

= (x-y)(x+y) − (x+y)(x-y)
x/ / c+znfO{ u'0fg u/]sf] .]
x(x+y) - y(x-y)
= (x-y)(x+y)
 x2+xy-xy+y2
= (x-y)(x+y)
x2+y2
= x2y2
1 y
-3_ - 2 2
x-y x -y nfO{ ;n ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
1 y
= x-y - (x+y)(x-y) [x2 – y2 nfO{ v08Ls/0f u/]sf] ]
x+y-y
= (x-y)(x+y) [klxn] leGg (x – y) / bf];|f] leGg (x + y)(x – y) sf] n=;= = (x + y )(x – y) lnPsf]]
x
= x2-y2
d"Nofª\sg
5
-ª_ x sf] dfg slt x'Fbf x-4 ckl/eflift x'G5 <
6m
-r_ 3m+9 sf] n3'td kb s'g xf] <
a2-b2
-5_ a3-b3 sf] ;/nLs[t ¿k n]Vg'xf];\ .
-h_ lahLo cleJo~hsx¿sf] v08Ls/0f ug]{ rf/cf]6f :j¿k jf ;"qx¿ n]Vg'xf];\ .
2 5 m+b m-b
-em_ ;/n ug'{xf];\ M (i) 3y - 6y (ii) m-b + m+b

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tsf] k[i7 g= 179 sf] cEof; 8.1 sf] gDa/ 1 / 2 sf] s b]lv r ;Ddsf ;d:of ;dfwfg
ug'{xf];\ .
 t];|f] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ b'O{ lahLo cleJo~hsx/sf] leGgsf] ;/n ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
km\Nff; sf8{, rf6{k]k/
lj|mofsnfk –1

-s_ cluNnf] sIffsf] k'g/jnf]sg ub}{ ljBfyL{nfO{ rf/ ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .
-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ 5'6\6f5'6\6} k|Zg n]lvPsf] km\nf; sf8{ lbO{ pSt ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg ug{
nufpg'xf];\ .
a3+b3 a3-b3
k|Zg M 1. a2 -ab+b2 + a2+ab+b2

2b 8b2
2. 1-2b + 4b2-1

1 1
3. (1-a)(2-a) - (2-a)(3-a)

2 2
4. +
𝑥2 − 1 1 − 𝑥2
-u_ lglZrt ;dokZrft\ k|To]s ;d"xsf] pQ/nfO{ rf6{k]k/df n]vL leQfdf 6fF:g nufpg'xf];\ /
5nkmn u/L k[i7kf]if0f lbg'xf];\ .
d"Nofª\sg
;/n ug'{xf];\ M
x3+1 x3-1 1 x+y
(i) x2-x+1 + x2+x+1 (ii) 2x-3y - 4x2-9y2

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 179 sf] cEof; 8.1 sf] 2 sf] 5 b]lv 6 ;Ddsf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .
 rf}yf] / kfFrfF} lkl/o8
l;sfO{ pknlAw
-s_ tLg lahLo cleJo~hs leGgsf] ;/nLs/0f ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
km\nf;sf8{, rf6{k]k/

lj|mofsnfk –1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ ljBfyL{nfO{ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 179 df ePsf tLg lahLo leGgx¿ ;dfj]z ePsf
k|Zgx¿sf ;dfwfg ug{ dbt ug'{xf]; / cfjZostfcg';f/ ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
1 2 3
k|Zg M p2+7p+12 + p2+5p+6 - p2+6p+8

lbOPsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ lgDglnlvt r/0fx¿ ckgfpg'xf];\ .

r/0f I M ;d:ofsf] klxrfg (Understanding the Problem)

-c_ ;d:ofsf] /fd|f];Fu cWoog ug{ nufpg] / x/df ax2 + bx + c sf] ¿kdf cleJo~hs
ePsf] k|:6 kfg]{
3 6 4
-cf_ lbOPsf] ;d:of h:t} M 5+7-5 ;Fu ;DalGwt ePsf] s'/f a'emfpg]
r/0f II M of]hgf lgdf{0f (Making the plan)

-c_ k|To]s x/x¿sf] v08Ls/0f ug]{

-cf_ k|To]s leGgsf x/x¿sf] n=;= lgsfNg] / ;/n ug]{
r/0f III : of]hgf sfof{Gjog (Carrying out the plan)

-c_ k|To]s ;d"xdf /x]sf ljBfyL{nfO{ v08Ls/0f ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .

-cf_ cfPsf] u'0fgv08nfO{ ;DalGwt cleJo~hssf] :yfgdf /fVg nufpg'xf];\, h:t} M
1 2 3
+ -
(p+4)(p+3) (p+2)(p+3) (p+4)(p+2)
1(p+2) + 2(p+4) - 3(p+3)
= (p+2)(p+3)(p+4) [ x/x¿sf] n=;= lgsfNg nufpg'xf];\ . ]
p+2+2p+8-3p-9
= (p+2)(p+3)(p+4) [ c+zx¿sf] u'0fgkmn ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
p+2p-3p+2+8-9
= (P+2)(p+3)(p+4) [ ;hftLo kbx¿sf] hf]8 tyf 36fpg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . ]
 1
=
(p+2)(p+3)(p+4)
r/0f IV M kl/df0fsf] k/LIf0f (OLoking Back)

-c_ k|To]s tx jf r/0fdf ul/Psf lj|mofsnfkx¿ l7s eP gePsf] hfFr ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ of]eGbf k[ys ljlw ePdf pSt ljlw k|of]u u/L ;/n ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ o:t} k|sf/sf k|Zgx¿ lbO{ d"Nofª\sg ug]{ / cfjZos b]lvPdf k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ .
d"Nofª\sg
;/n ug'{xf];\ M
x+2 x-2 2x2
1. 1+x+x2 - 1-x+x2 - 1+x2+x4

a a 2ab
2. a-b + a+b + a2+b2

x-1 x-2 x-5

3. x2-4x+3 + x2-8x+12 + x2-8x +15

a b c
4. (a-b)(a-c) + (b-a)(b-c) + (c-b)(c-a)

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 179 sf] cEof; 8.1 sf] 3 sf] ` b]lv k ;Ddsf ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\
.

5}6f}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ¿9 lrx\g ;dfj]z ePsf lahLo cleJo~hs leGgsf] ;/nLs/0f ug{

z}If0fLs ;fdu|L
rf6{ k]k/

lj|mofsnfk - 1
ljBfyL{nfO{ kf7\ok':tssf k[i7 ;= 179 cEof; 8.1 sf] 3, 4 / 5 sf k|Zgx¿sf] 5nkmn u/L
;/nLs/0f ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1 1 2 x
1. - +
4(1- x) 4(1+ x) 4(1- x)

1(1+ x) -1(1- x) 2 x
= + 4(1-x) [ ;dfg 3ftfª\s ePsf @ cf]6f leGgsf] x/x¿sf] n=;=
4(1- x)(1+ x)

lgsfNg nufpg]]
1+ x - 1 + x 2 x
= 4(1 - x) + 4(1-x) [ x/nfO{ a2 – b2 sf] :j¿kdf n}hfg] ]
2 x 2 x
= 4(1-x) + 4(1-x)

2 x+2 x
= 4(1-x)

4 x
= 4(1-x)

x
= 1-x

d"Nofª\sg
1 1 2 x
2. ;/n ug'{xf];\ M - + 8(1-x)
2(1- x) 2(1+ x)

lj|mofsnfk - 2
k|Zg
−1 1 1
1. + + = 0 sf] xn u/L p sf] dfg kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
1−p √p + 1 √p− 1

ljBfyL{nfO{ lgDglnlvt r/0fx¿ ckgfO{ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ M

r/0f I M ;d:ofsf] klxrfg (Understanding the Problem)

-c_ pSt ;d:of ;fwf/0f d"nsf] ePsfn] ;j{k|yd x/x¿sf] d"n x6fpg] wf/0ff lbg'xf];\ .
-cf_ x/df 1–p/ p -1 ePsfn] (-1) ;femf lnO{ (p - 1) agfpg] wf/0ff lbg'xf];\ .
-O_ p - 1 = p2 - 12 x'G5 egL a2 – b2 sf] ;"qsf] k|of]u ug]{ wf/0ff lbg'xf];\ .
r/0f II M of]hgf lgdf{0f (Making the plan)

-c_ 1 – p nfO{ (-1) ;femf lnO{ p–1 agfpg]

-cf_ p2 -1 = ( p +1) ( p -1) agfpg]
-O_ n=;= lng]
 -O{_ j|m; u'0fg u/L b'j}tkm{ ju{ ug]{
r/0f III : of]hgf sfof{Gjog (Carrying out the plan)
-1 1 1
1-p + p+1 + p-1 = 0
1 1 1
⟹ p-1 + + =0
p+1 p-1
1 1 1
⟹ 2 2+ + =0
p -1 p+1 p-1
1 1 1
⟹ (√p + 1) (√p + 1) + √p + 1 + √p− 1 = 0

1+1( p-1)+1( p+1)

⟹ =0
( p+1)( p-1)

1+ p-1 + p + 1
⟹ p-1 =0

⟹ 1+2 p = 0
⟹ 2 p = -1
b'j}lt/ ju{ ubf{ ,
4p = 1
1
p=4

r/0f IV M kl/df0fsf] k/LIf0f (OLoking Back):

dflysf] ;d:of ljBfyL{nfO{ k'gM cjnf]sg ug{ nufO{ Pscfk;df hfFr ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .

d"Nofª\sg
2. lbOPsf] lahLo leGgsf] xn u/L x sf] dfg kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
2 2 2
+ - 2-x = 0
x+1 x-2

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 179 sf] cEof; 8.1 sf] k|Zg g= 3, 4 / 5 sf ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg
ug'{xf];\ .
 ;ftf}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ lahLo cleJo~hssf leGgx¿;Fu ;DalGwt Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fd|u|L
rf6{ k]k/, A4 size paper

lj|mofsnfk -1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug{'xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{sf] ljj/0f afF8\g'xf];\ .
s'g} 2÷2 cf]6f Pp6} x/ ePsf / Pp6} x/ gePsf cleJo~hsx¿ n]Vg'xf];\ . ltgLx¿df ePsf]
rn /flz slt x'Fbf tL cleJo~hsx¿nfO{ kl/eflift ug{ ;lsG5 < rn /flz slt x'Fbf tL
cleJo~hsnfO{ kl/eflift ug{ ;lsFb}g, n]Vg'xf];\ .

-u_ k|To]s ;d"xn] tof/ kf/]sf] Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ sIffsf]7fdf k|:t't
ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ cGTodf ljBfyL{sf] k|:t'lt / cfcfkm\gf] ;d"xsf] ;lj|motfsf] ?la|S;sf cfwf/df d"Nofª\sg
ug'{xf];\ .

Gff]6M ljBfyL{ l;sfOsf nflu cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sg dfkb08 2080 k|of]u u/L Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo
;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\ .
 kf7 9
3ftfª\s (Indices)

kl/ro
aLhul0ftdf rn 3ftfª\s ;dfj]z ePsf ;dLs/0fnfO{ 3ftfª\so'St ;dLs/0f elgG5 . csf]{ zAbdf
aLhul0ftLo ;dLs/0f h;df rn 3ftfª\ssf ¿kdf b]vf k5{g\ eg] To;nfO{ 3ftfª\s;Fusf]
1 1
;dLs/0f elgG5, h:t}M 2x = 4, 3 x+1 = 81 3x + 3x = 33 cflb .
3ftfª\so'St ;dLs/0fsf] k|of]u u/L rj|mLo Aofh lgsfNg, j[l4 / x|f;;Fu ;DalGwt ul0ftLo
;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 . ljz]if u/L kl/jlt{t b/x¿;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg k|sf/sf ;dLs/0f
xn ug{ klg k|of]u ul/G5 . 3ftfª\ssf] lgod / cleJo~hsx¿sf] ;/nLs/0fdf 3ftfª\ssf
lgodx¿sf] k|of]u ug]{ l;ksf] ljsf; sIff 9 df g} ul/;lsPsf] 5 .
o; kf7sf nflu kf7\oj|mdn] tf]s]sf l;sfO pknlAwx¿ lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M
-s_ 3ftfª\so'St lahLo ;dLs/0f;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{
o; kf7sf nflu kf7\oj|mdn] hDdf 6 cg'dflgt 306fsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . t;y{ o; kf7cGtu{t\
;dfj]z kf7of+zsf] ljefhg lgDgfg';f/ ul/Psf] 5 M
lzIf0f of]hgf÷kf7\of+z ljefhg
kf7\ok':tssf]
j|m=;= kf7\oj:t' cg'dflgt 306f
;DalGwt k[i7
1.
3ftfª\ssf lgodx¿sf] k'g/jnf]sg / 1 181, 187
3ftfª\so'St ;dLs/0fsf] kl/ro
2.
b'O{cf]6f dfq kb ePsf 3ftfª\so'St 1 182, 183, 186
;dLs/0fsf] xn
3. 3ftfª\so'St ;dLs/0fsf] xn 2 184, 185, 187, 188

4.
;t{;lxtsf 3ftfª\so'St ;dLs/0fsf] 1 186, 188
k|dfl0ft
5. Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ 1
hDdf 6

-s_ kf7 lzIf0f ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ kIfx¿

– 3ftfª\ssf lgod / cfwf/e"t sfo{x¿
 – u'0ffª\s cfwf/ / 3ftfª\ssf] klxrfg ug{
– ;dLs/0fsf] k|s[ltdf Wofg lbg'kg]{, h:t} M
– b'j} kIfdf ;dfg cfwf/ ePsf ;dLs/0f 4x = 42
– km/s km/s cfwf/ ePsf ;dLs/0f, h;nfO{ ;dfg cfwf/ agfpg ;lsG5 .
h:t} M 4x = 16
4x = 42
– ljleGg cfwf/ ePsf ;dLs/0f h;nfO{ Pp6} cfwf/ agfpg ;lsFb}g .
h:t} M 4x = 15

-v_ ;Defljt unt a'emfO tyf cjwf/0ffx¿ k|i6 kfg'{xf];\ M

• clwsf+z ljBfyL{n] u'0ffª\s, cfwf/ / 3ftfª\s (Power) 5'6\6ofpg g;Sg] x'Fbf, s'g s'g
kb u'0fg ug]{, slt k6s ug]{ s'g s'g kbx¿ hf]8, 36fp ug]{ cjwf/0ffx¿df q'l6 .
• 5x + 3x df u'0ffª\sx¿ hf]8\g (5 + 3) x = 8x x'g] lgoddf cNdlng] / 8x2 n]vL uNtL ug]{
• 5x × 3x = 15x2 n]Vg' kg]{df, unt cjwf/0ffsf sf/0f 8x2 n]Vg' cflb .

klxnf] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ 3ftfª\s;DaGwL ;d:ofdf cfwf/, u'0ffª\s / 3ftfª\s 5'6fpg
-v_ PskbLo 3ftfª\ssf] dfg lgsfNg
-u_ 3ftfª\so'St ;dLs/0fsf] kl/ro lbg

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
km\nf; sf8{x¿, rf6{ k]k/

lj|mofsnfk –1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ 1÷1 cf]6f rf6{ k]k/ afF8\g'xf];\ / cluNnf] sIffsf] 3ftfª\s;DaGwL lgodx¿
n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
-u_ k|To]s ;d"xn] tof/ kf/]sf] 3ftfª\s;DaGwL lgodnfO{ sIffsf]7fsf] leQfdf 6fF;]/ k|:t'lt ug{
nufpgxf];\ .
-3_ ljBfyL{nfO{ 3ftfª\ssf lgod k|of]u u/L u/]sf] ;d:ofdf, cfwf/, u'0ffª\s 3ftfª\s 5'6\6ofpg
nufpg'xf];\ / cfjZostfcg';f/ ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\, h:t} M 6x2 df s'g u'0ffª\s, s'g 3ftfª\s
/ s'g cfwf/ xf] egL k|Zg klg /fVg'xf];\ .
-ª_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ 6÷6 cf]6f 3ftfª\s;DaGwL pbfx/0f n]Vg nufO{ 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk –2

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ PskbLo 3ftfª\ssf] dfg lgsfNg tyf dfgnfO{ 3ftfª\ssf] ¿kdf /fVg] ;d:ofx¿
;dfwfg ug{ km\nf; sf8{df ePsf lgDg k|Zgx¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1. 3ftfª\ssf ¿kdf ePsf] (5x)3 nfO{ u'0fg v08sf] ¿kdf JoSt ug'{xf];\ .
2. 5 × 𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑥 nfO{ 3ftfª\ssf ¿kdf n]Vg'xf];\ .
3. ;/n ug'{xf];\ M xa – b × xb – c × xc – a
3 1
4. 125 sf] dfg lgsfNg'xf];\ .
-v_ ljBfyL{sf] k|ltlqmof ;Fu;Fu} ;xhLs/0f ub}{ hfg'xf];\ .

lj|mofsnfk –3

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Pp6} k|sf/sf] k|Zg lbg'xf];\ / ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/fO{ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{
nufpg'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1. 2x = 16 s:tf] k|sf/sf] ;dLs/0f xf] <
2. 2x = 16 s:tf] k|sf/sf] ;dLs/0f xf] <
3. k|Zg g= 1 / 2 df x sf] :yfgdf s] km/s kfpg' eof] <
4. olb k|Zg g= 1 df x sf] dfg slt x'Fbf lbOPsf] ;dLs/0f dfGo x'G5 <
5. k|Zg g= 2 df x sf] dfg slt x'Fbf lbOPsf] ;dLs/0f dfGo x'G5 <
-u_ ljBfyL{af6 k|fKt ePsf] k|ltlj|mofx¿nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
 6. k|Zg g= 1 Pp6f /]vLo ;dLs/0f xf], hxfF x Pp6f rn /flz xf] h'g cfwf/ klg xf] .
7. k|Zg g= 2 df 3ftfª\sdf /x]sf] rn /flz xf] To;sf/0f 2x = 16 Pp6f 3ftfª\so'St
;dLs/0f xf] . k|Zg (i) df x sf] dfg 8 /fVbf ;f] ;dLs/0f dfGo x'G5 t/ k|Zg (ii) df x

sf] dfg 8 /fVbf dfGo x'Fb}g .

-3_ ca ljBfyL{nfO{ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g=181 df ePsf] tflnsfdf vfnL 7fpF eg{ nufpg'xf];\
/ x sf] dfg slt x'Fbf lbOPsf] cj:yf dfGo x'G5, 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
d"Nofª\sg

lbOPsf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
sIffsfo{
-s_ 3ftfª\so'St ;dLs/0f eg]sf] s] xf] <
-v_ y sf] dfg slt x'Fbf lbOPsf] cj:yf dfGo x'G5, tflnsfdf eg'{xf];\ M
3y = 9
y -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
3y
u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 187 sf] cEof; 9.1 sf] k|Zg g= 1 sf] -s_ / -v_ k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg
ug'{xf];\ .
 bf];|f] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ b'Oc
{ f]6f dfq kb ePsf 3ftfª\so'St ;dLs/0fsf] xn ug{ / hfFr]/ b]vfpg

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
km\nf; sf8{x¿, k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf rf6{x¿

lj|mofsnfk –1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cluNnf] kf7sf] k'g/jnf]sg ub}{ cfhsf] kf7tkm{ Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg'xf];\ .
-v_ ;Dk"0f{ sIffsf ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ lgDg ;DaGwx¿ n]lvPsf rf6{k]k/ afF8\g'xf];\ / cWoog ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .

-c_ -cf_ -O_

1. sltcf]6f 2 u'0fg ubf{ To;sf] dfg 32 ;Fu a/fa/ x'G5 <
2. slt cf]6f 3 u'0fg ubf{ To;sf] dfg 27 ;Fu a/fa/ x'G5 <
3. sltcf]6f 4 u'0fg ubf{ To;sf] dfg 256 ;Fu a/fa/ x'G5 <
-3_ dfly -c_, -cf_ / -O_ df ePsf hfgsf/Lx¿sf cfwf/df lbOPsf k|Zgdf x sf] dfg slt
x'G5 xf]nf < kQf nufpg nufpg'xf];\ M
k|Zg
1. 2x = 32 2. 3x = 27 3. 4x = 256
⟹ 2x = 25 ⟹ 3x = 33 ⟹ 4x = 44
⸫x=5 ⸫x=3 ⸫x=4

k/LIf0f k/LIf0f k/LIf0f

25 = 2×2×2×2×2 33 = 3×3×3 44 = 4×4×4×4
= 32 = 27 = 256
-ª_ ljBfyL{nfO{ dflysf] lj|mofsnfksf] s] lgisif{ lgl:sof] 5nkmn ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / lgisif{af6
k|fKt dxŒjk"0f{ tYox¿nfO{ sfkLdf l6kf]6 ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
dxŒjk"0f{ tYox¿M
olb ax = ay eP x = y x'G5 .
olb ax = bx eP a = b x'G5 .
olb ax = 1 eP x = 0 x'G5 .

Gff]6
❖ cfwf/x¿ a/fa/ ePsf] cj:yfdf 3ftfª\s a/fa/ x'G5g\ .
h:t} M am = an x'Fbf m = n hxfF a ≠ 0 , a ≠ 1

❖ s] ;a} cj:yfdf cfwf/x¿ a/fa/ x'Fbf 3ftfª\s a/fa/ x'G5g\ t <

h:t}M
-c_ 12 = 13 x'Fbf

2 / 3 a/fa/ lsg x'Fb}g < ;f]af/] sIffdf 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .

-ljz]if ;t{x¿ / cfwf/e"t l;4fGtx¿ _
-cf_ 02 = 03 x'Fbf

2 / 3 a/fa/ lsg x'Fb}g < ;f]af/] sIffdf 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .

-ljz]if ;t{x¿ / cfwf/e"t l;4fGtx¿ _

lj|mofsnfk –2

-s_ 3ftfª\so'St ;dLs/0fsf] k|s[lt / ;f];DaGwL ;d:ofx¿ /fvL sIffdf 5nkmn u/fO{ lbOPsf
k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ M
k|Zgx¿
1. 4x = 42 2. 5x – 1 = 125
3. 3x × 24 = 48 3. 4x – 2 = 0.25
;dfwfgx¿
1. 4x = 42 [ b'j} kIfdf ;dfg cfwf/ ePsf ;dLs/0f ]
 oxfF b'j} kIfdf cfwf/ a/fa/ x'Fbf 3ftfª\s klg a/fa/ x'G5 To;sf/0f x=2

hfFr]/ x]g{ nufpg'xf];\ .

oxfF, x sf] dfg 2 /fVbf,
42 = 42
16 = 16 ;f] ;dLs/0f dfGo eof] .
To;sf/0f ax = ay 5 eg] x = y x'G5 eGg] lgod l6Kg nufpg'xf];\ .
2. 5 x – 1 = 125 [ km/s cfwf/ ePsf ;dLs/0f, h;nfO{ ;dfg cfwf/ agfpg ;lsG5 ]
⟹ (5) x – 1 = (5)3
oxfF cfwf/ Pp6} ePsfn], 3ftfª\sx¿ a/fa/ x'G5g\ .
⟹x–1=3
⟹ x=3+1
⟹ x=4
k/LIf0f ubf{, x=4
5 4 – 1 = 125
53 = 125
125 = 125 ;f] ;dLs/0f dfGo eof] .
3. 3x × 24 = 48 [ ;/n u/]/ cfwf/ ;dfg agfpg ;lsG5 ]
48
⟹ 3x = 24

24×3
⟹ 3x = 24

⟹ 3x = 24 – 4 × 3
⟹ 3x = 20 × 3
⟹ 3x = 1 × 3
⟹ 3x = 31
To;sf/0f, x=1

k/LIf0f ubf{, x = 1 /fVbf,

31 × 24 = 48
3 × 16 = 48
48 = 48 ;f] ;dLs/0f dfGo eof] .
4. 4 x – 2 = 0.25
oxfF,
1
⟹ (22) x – 2 = 4

1 2
⟹ 22x – 4 = ( )
2

⟹ 2 2x – 4 = 2 -2 [ ;dfg cfwf/ ePdf ]

⟹ 2x – 4 = - 2
⟹ 2x = - 2 + 4
⟹ 2x = 2
∴ x=1
k/LIf0f ubf{, x = 1 /fVbf

⟹ 41 – 2 = 0.25
1
⟹ 4-1 = 4

1 1
⟹ 4=4 ;f] ;dLs/0f dfGo eof] .
d"Nofª\sg
5. 2x = 8 eP x sf] dfg slt x'G5 <
6. olb ax = ae + 2 × af – 2 eP x nfO{ e / f sf] ¿kdf JoSt ug'{xf];\ .
7. xn ug'{xf];\ M
-c_ 4x – 1 = 2x + 1
-cf_ 5 × 25 x = 125 x + 1
-O_ 2x – 3 = 0.125
u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 187 sf] cEof; 9.1 sf] 2 sf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug{'xf];\ .

t];|f] / rf}yf] lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ 3ftfª\so'St ;dLs/0f xn ug{
z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿, km\nf; sf8{x¿

lj|mofsnfk –1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cluNnf] lbgsf] 3ftfª\so'St ;dLs/0f;DaGwL lgod k'g/jnf]sg ug{

nufpg'xf];\ .
-v_ ljBfyL{nfO{ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 184 df ePsf pbfx/0fx¿ 5nkmn u/L cWoog ug{
nufpg'xf];\ .
-u_ s]xL ;dosf] 5nkmnkl5 ToxL ;d"xdf sfo{ ug{ rf6{k]k/x¿df n]lvPsf k|Zgx¿ ;d"xx¿df
afF8\g'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
x+1
3x+2
1. 3 + 3 = 18

2. 2 3x – 5 × ax – 2 = 2x – 2 × a1 – x

3x+4 6
3. 4x+8 = 128
;dfwfg
x
3x+2 1
1. 3 × 3 + 3 = 18

xm
⟹3 ×3 +3x 1 x+2-1
= 18 [ xn = xm-n x'G5 . ]

⟹ 3x × 31 + 3x+1 = 18
⟹ 3x × 31 + 3x ×31 = 18 [ xm × xn = xm+n x'G5 . ]
⟹ 3x (3 + 3) = 18 [3x ;femf lnFbf ]
⟹ 3x × 6 = 18
18
⟹ 3x = 6

⟹ 3x = 3
⟹ 3x = 31 [ b'j}lt/ cfwf/ a/fa/ ePsfn] 3ftfª\s klg a/fa/ x'G5g\ . ]
 ⟹ x=1
2. 23x – 5 × ax – 2 = 2x – 2 × a1 – x
oxfF,
23x-5 × ax-2
⟹ 2x-2 × a1-x = 1 [ bfofF kIfn] afofF kIfnfO{ efu ubf{ ]

xm
⟹ 2 3x – 5 – x + 2
×a x–2–1+x
= 1 [ xn = xm-n x'G5 ]

⟹ 22x – 3 × a2x – 3 = 1
⟹ (2a)2x – 3 = 1 [ xm × xn= (xy)m x'G5 ]
⟹ (2a)2x – 3 = (2a)0 [ xo = 1 afofFtkm{ cfwf/ 2a ePsfn] bfofFtkm{sf] 1 nfO{ klg cfwf/
2a sf] 3ftfª\ssf] z'Go ePsfn]]
⟹ 2x – 3 = 0 [b'j}tkm{ cfwf/ a/fa/ ePsfn]]
⟹ 2x = 3
3
⟹x=2

2x+4 6
3. 4x+8 = 128
;dfwfg,
1
2x+4 n
⟹ (4𝑥+8 ) = (128)1/6 [ a = a1/n x'G5 ]
𝑥+8
⟹ 42𝑥+4 = = (27)1/6 [(xm)n = xmn x'G5 . ]
𝑥+8
⟹ (22 ) 2(𝑥+2) = 27/6 [ ;femf 2 sf6]sf] ]
𝑥+8
⟹ 2 𝑥+2 = 27/6
x+8 7
∴ x+2 = 6 [ b'j}lt/ cfwf/ a/fa/ ePsfn] 3ftfª\s klg a/fa/ ePsf] ]

⟹ 6(x+8) = 7(x+2)
⟹ 6x + 48 = 7x + 14
⟹ 6x - 7x = 14 - 48
⟹ - x = - 34
⸫ x = 34
d"Nofª\sg
ljBfyL{nfO{ kf7\ok':tssf] k]h g= 187 sf] k|Zg gDa/ 3 sf] -u_ b]lv -`_ ;Ddsf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg
ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .

lj|mofsnfk –2

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ kf7\ok'':tssf] k]h g= 185 df ePsf pbfx/0fx¿ / ltgsf] ;dfwfgaf/]

5nkmn ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-v_ ;d"xsf] 5nkmnkl5 ToxL ;d"xdf sfo{ ug{ rf6{k]k/df n]lvPsf k|Zgx¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1. xn ug'{xf];\ M
1 1
-c_ 4x + 4x = 1616 -cf_ 5x+1 + 52-x = 126

pQ/x¿
1 1
-c_ 4x + 4x = 1616
1 257
;dfwfg 4x + 4x = 16

ca, dfgf}F 4x = a --------- (i) [ Pp6f kbsf] c+zdf 4x / csf]{ kbsf] x/df 4x = a lng] ]
1 257
⟹ a + a = 16

a2 + 1 257
⟹ a = 16 [ n=;= a lnFbf ]
⟹ 16(a2 + 1) = 257 a [ j|m; u'0fg ubf{ ]
⟹ 16a2 + 16 = 257 a
⟹ 16a2 – 257a + 16 = 0
⟹ 16a2 – 256a – 1a + 16 = 0 [ u'0fg ubf{ 256 x'g] / hf]8 257 x'g] u/L v08Ls/0f ubf{ ]
⟹ 16a (a – 16) – 1 (a – 16) = 0
⟹ (a – 16) (16a – 1) = 0
cyjf,
a – 16 = 0
a = 16
 4x = 42 [ a sf] dfg k|lt:yfkg ubf{ ]
ctM x=2

jf,
⟹ 16a - 1 = 0
⟹ 16a = 1
1
⟹ a = 16

1
4x = 42 [ a sf] dfg k|lt:yfkg ubf{ ]
⟹ 4x = 4-2
⟹ x = -2
ctM x sf dfgx¿ 2 / -2 x'G5 .
-cf_ 5x + 1 + 52 – x = 126

⟹ 5x × 51 + 52 × 5-x = 126 [ xa + b = xa × xb x'G5 ]

52 1
⟹ 5x × 5 + 5x = 126 [ a-m = am x'G5 ]

ca dfgf}F 5x = a
25
⟹ 5a + a = 126

5a2 + 25
⟹ a =126

⟹ 5a2 + 25 = 126a

⟹ 5a2 + 25 = 126a

⟹ 5a2 – 126a + 25 = 0

⟹ 5a2 – 125a – 1a + 25 = 0

⟹ 5a(a – 25) – 1(a – 25) = 0

⟹ (a – 25) (5a – 1) = 0

⟹ a – 25 = 0 --------------- (i) 5a – 1 = 0 ----------------- (ii)

cyjf, a – 25 = 0 jf, 5a – 1 = 0

⟹ a = 25 ⟹ 5a = 1
 1
⟹ 5x = 52 ⟹ a=
5

∴ x=2 ⟹ 5x = 5-1

∴ x = -1

ctM x sf] dfg -1, 2 x'G5 .

d"Nofª\sg
2. xn ug'{xf];\ M 5 × 4 x + 1 – 16 x = 64

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 187, 188 sf] k|Zg g= 3 / 4 sf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

kfFrf}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ;t{;lxtsf 3ftfª\so'St ;dLs/0f k|dfl0ft ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgdf n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{k]k/, km\ofS; sf8{

lj|mofsnfk –1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cluNnf] lbgsf] kf7sf dxŒjk"0f{ a'Fbfx¿ k'g/jnf]sg ub}{ cfhsf] kf7tkm{
Wofgfsif{0f ug'{xf];\ .
-v_ ljBfyfL{x¿nfO{ k[i7 g= 186 sf] pbfx/0f 7 5nkmn u/L cWoog ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-u_ s]xL ;dosf] 5nkmnkl5 ToxL ;d"xdf a;L sfo{ ug{ rf6{k]k/df n]lvPsf k|Zgx¿ afF8\g'xf];\
/ k|Zgsf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;xhLs/0f ub}{ hfg'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿M
1. olb x = yz, y = zx / z = xy eP k|dfl0ft ug'{xf];\ xyz = 1

2. olb x = 31/3 + 3-1/3 eP k|dfl0ft ug'{xf];\ M 3x(x2 – 3) = 10

;dfwfgx¿
1. ;dfwfg

oxfF, x = yz ---------- (i)

 y = zx ------------- (ii)
z = xy -------------- (iii)
ca ;dLs/0f (i) af6,
x = yz
x = (zx)z [ ;dLs/0f (ii) af6 y sf] dfg k|lt:yfkgf ubf{ ]
x = (xy)xz [;dLs/0f (iii) af6 z sf] dfg k|lt:yfkgf ubf{ ]
x1 = xxyz [ (xm)n = xmn x'G5 ]
1 = xyz [b'j}lt/sf cfwf/x¿ a/fa/ ePsfn] 3ftfª\sx¿ klg a/fa/ x'gfn] ]
xyz = 1 k|dfl0ft eof] .
2. ;dfwfg

oxfF lbOPsf] ;t{, x = 31/3 + 3-1/3 ------------- (i)

k|dfl0ft ug'{kg]{, 3x(x2 – 3) = 10

⟹ x = x1/3 + 3-1/3
⟹ x3 = (31/3 + 3-1/3)3 [ b'j}tkm{ 3g ubf{ ]
⟹ x3 = (31/3)3 + (3-1/3)3 + 3.31/3 . 3-1/3 (31/3 + 3-1/3) [ (a+b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b) x'gfn] ]
⟹ x3 = 31 + 3-1 + 3.31/3 – 1/3 .x [;dLs/0f 1 af6 dfg k|lt:yfkg u/]sf] ]
1
⟹ x3 = 3 + 3 – 3.3 0 . x
1
⟹ x3 = 3 + 3 + 3.1.x [a 0 = 1 x'gfn]]

1
⟹ x3 = 3 + 3 + 3x
9+1
⟹ x3 – 3x = 3
[ n=;= 3 ePsfn] ]
10
⟹ x(x2 – 3) = 3 [ ;femf x lnPsf] ]

 3x (x2 – 3) = 10
 3x2 (x – 3) = 10 k|dfl0ft eof] .

d"Nofª\sg
lbOPsf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
3. olb x = 21/3 - 2-1/3 eP k|dfl0ft ug'{xf];\ .
2x3 + 6x - 3 = 0
4. lbOPsf] ;dLs/0f 4 × 3x + 1 – 9 x - 27 = 0 sf] xn ug'{xf]; / xn ubf{ cfpg] x sf] dfgx¿n]
81
3 x – 4 × 3 x + 1 + 3 = 0 nfO{ klg dfGo x'G5 egL k|dfl0ft ug'{xf];\ .
5. olb 2x = 3y = 12z eP k|dfl0ft ug'{xf];\ .
1 1 2
2-y=x
-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tsf] k[i7 g= 188 sf] cEof; 9.1 sf] 6 / 7 sf ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{'xf];\ .

5}6f}F lbg
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ /]vLo ;dLs/0f (linear equation), ju{ ;dLs/0f (Quadratic equation) / 3ftfª\so'St ;dLs/0f
(Exponential equation) x¿;Fu ;DalGwt Jofjxfl/s ;d:of ;dfwfg sfo{ ug{
z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
rf6{k]k/, cfsif{0fsf nflu ljleGg /ªsf ;fOgk]g

lj|mofsnfk –1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{sf] ljj/0f afF8\g'xf];\ .

/]vLo ;dLs/0f (linear equation), ju{ ;dLs/0f (Quadratic equation) / 3ftfª\so'St

;dLs/0f (Exponential equation) af/]df Pp6f ;d"xut k|:t'lt tof/ ug'{xf];\ . pSt
k|:t'ltsf nflu lgDglnlvt If]qx¿ cfjZostfg';f/ ;d]6\g ;lsg] 5 M
-u_ k|-c_
To]skl/efiff
;d"xn] /tof/
:j¿kkf/]sf] Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ sIffsf]7fdf k|:t't
ug{
-cf_nufpg' xf];\ .
pbfx/0f
-3_ cGTodf ljBfyL{sf] k|:t'lt / cfcfkm\gf] ;d"xsf] ;lj|motfsf cfwf/df d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\ .
-O_ plNnlvt ;dLs/0flar ePsf ;dfgtf Pjd\ leGgtfx¿
-O{_ s]xL Jofjxfl/s pbfx/0fx¿ cflb .
Gff]6M ljBfyL{ l;sfOsf nflu cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sg dfkb08 2080 k|of]u u/L Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿
;dfwfg sfo{ d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\ .
lzIfssf nflu yk hfgsf/L
- cGo ljlwx¿ ldn];Dd ;dfj]z ug'{xf];\ .
- ICT sf] k|of]u ug'{xf];\ .
- ;xof]ufTds l;sfO ljlw k|of]u ug'{xf];\ .
- ljBfyL{nfO{ a9LeGbf a9L ;d:of ;dfwfgdf ;lj\mo u/fpg'xf];\ .
- af]8{df ;d:ofx¿ lbO{ ljBfyL{nfO{ clgoldt ¿kdf 5gf]6 u/L ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
 kf7 10
lqe'h / rt'e'{hx¿ (Triangle and Quadrilaterals)

kl/ro
lqe'h / rt'e'{h;DaGwL cWoog cfwf/e"t txb]lv g} ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5 . lqe'hsf k|sf/, u'0fx¿,
lqe'hsf e'hf / sf]0flarsf] ;DaGw ;d¿k, cg'¿k , o;sf ;ª\ult e'hf / sf]0fsf] ;DaGw /
To:t} u/L ;dfgfGt/ rt'e{'h, cfot, ju{, ;dafx' rt'e'{h, ;dnDa rt'e'{h / ltgLx¿sf
ljz]iftfx¿sf] -u'0fx¿sf]_ ;}4flGts Pjd\ k|of]ufTds k/LIf0f tyf ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug]{
sfo{ sIff ( df g} ul/;lsPsf] 5 .
o; PsfOdf lqe'h / rt'e'{hsf] If]qkmn;DaGwL sygx¿nfO{ ;}4flGts k|df0fsf cfwf/df k|dfl0ft
ug]{ tl/sf / pSt syg;Fu ;DalGwt Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug]{ sfo{ ul/G5 .
o; PsfOnfO{ lzIf0f l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ug{, ljleGg ljlwx¿ h:t}M k|bz{g, k|Zgf]Q/, /rgfTds
lj|mofsnfkx¿ Pjd\ Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ cflb k|of]u / cEof; ug]{ sfo{df hf]8
lbOPsf] 5 . o; kf7sf nflu kf7\oj|mdn] tf]s]sf l;sfO pknlAwx¿ lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M
-s_ Pp6} cfwf/ / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿lar ag]sf ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hx¿, lqe'hx¿ tyf
;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h / lqe'hx¿sf] If]qkmnsf] ;DaGw ;}4flGts ¿kdf k'li6 ug{
-v_ Pp6} cfwf/ / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿lar ag]sf ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hx¿, lqe'hx¿ tyf
;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h / lqe'hx¿sf] If]qkmn;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{
o; kf7sf nflu hDdf kf7\oj|mdnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ 9 cg'dflgt 306fsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
t;y{ o; kf7cGtu{t\ ;dfj]z kf7of+zsf] ljefhg lgDgfg';f/ ul/Psf] 5 M
lzIf0f of]hgf÷kf7\of+z ljefhg
cg'dflgt kf7\oj:t'sf]
j|m=;= kf7\oj:t'
306f ;DalGwt k[i7
lqe'h / rt'e'{hsf ljz]iftfx¿ / If]qkmn lgsfNg]
1. 2 194 , 195
;"qx¿sf] k'g/jnf]sg
Pp6} cfwf/ / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿ lar /x]sf lqe'h / 195 – 196 ,
2. 2
rt'e'{hsf] If]qkmnsf] ;DaGw 205
Pp6} cfwf/ / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿lar /x]sf lqe'h /
197 – 199 ,
3. ;dfgfGt/ rte'{hsf] If]qkmn, ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hsf] cfwf 1
205
x'G5 eGg] ;DaGw
Pp6} cfwf/ / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿lar /x]sf 201 , 201 ,
4. 1
lqe'hx¿sf] ;DaGw 206
lqe'h / ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hsf]
5. 1 201 – 204
If]qkmn;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg
 Pp6} cfwf/ / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿lar ag]sf lqe'h /
6. 2 209
rt'e'{h ;DagwL Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{
hDdf 9

kf7 lzIf0f ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ kIfx¿

-s_ kf7;Fu ;DalGwt k"j{ 1fg
Kirigami Method / Origami Method k|of]u u/L cluNnf] sIffdf cWoog u/]sf lqe'h /
rt'e'{h;DaGwL lrqx¿nfO{ cfk;df k6\ofpg] (Folding) / sf6\g] lj|mofsnfkx¿ ug'{k5{ .
rt'e'{h;DaGwL dxŒjk"0f{ a'Fbfx¿ h:t} M
i) Pp6f ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hsf] ljs0f{n] o;nfO{ ;dl4efhg u5{ .
ii) ju{sf ;a} efux¿ / sf]0fx¿ a/fa/ x'G5g\ .
– ;Dej eP ;Dd ;d:ofx¿nfO{ jf:tljs ;+;f/;Fu hf]8\g l;sfpg' k5{ .
-v_ l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ubf{ ;Defljt unt a'emfO tyf cjwf/0ffx¿
– lqe'h / rt'e'{hsf] cfwf/ / prfO klxrfg ug{ ;Sg] uNtL
– ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hsf] If]qkmn lgsfNbf, cfwf/sf] cf;Gg e'hf (Adjacent Side) x¿nfO{

prfO dfgL x'g] uNtLx¿

– If]qkmnsf] PsfO, ju{ PsfO (Square Unit) n]Vg 5'6fpg] uNtLx¿
– If]qkmn / kl/ldltsf] a'emfOdf ;d:of cyf{t\ If]qkmn lgsfNbf kl/ldltsf] ;"q k|of]u ug]{
;Defjgf
klxnf] / bf];|f] lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ Pp6} cfwf/ / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿lar ag]sf lqe'h / rt'e'{hx¿ klxrfg ug{
-v_ ;"q k|of]u u/L lqe'h / ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hsf If]qkmn kQf nufpg

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
juf{sf/ u|fkm k]k/, s]xL s8f vfnsf sfuhsf 6'j|mfx¿, lhof]af]8{ cflb .

k"j{1fg k'g/fj[lQ lj|mofsnfk

ljBfyL{lar ljleGg lqe'h / rt'e'{hsf cfs[ltx¿sf ljz]iftfx¿ / If]qkmn kQf nufpg] ;"qx¿sf
;DaGwdf 5nkmn u/L cfPsf k|ltlj|mofcg';f/ ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk –1

-s_ sIffdf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xsf ljBfyL{nfO{ lgDglnlvt lrqx¿sf] cjnf]sg ug{
nufO{, cfcfkm\gf] ;d"xdf 5nkmn ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .

i ii
i

iii A D iv
ii

B C
-u_ dflysf] lrqsf cfwf/df ljBfyL{nfO{ lgDg k|Zgx¿ ;f]Wg'xf];\ M
-c_ s'g lrqdf Pp6} cfwf/ / km/s ;dfgfGt/ /]vfdf rt'e'{hx¿ ag]sf 5g\ < rt'e'{hsf] gfd
n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
-cf_ s'g lrqdf km/s cfwf/ / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfdf lqe'h / rt'e'{h ag]sf 5g\ < lqe'h /
rt'e'{hsf] gfd n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
-O_ lrq g= (iv) df /x]sf Pp6} cfwf/ / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿lardf /x]sf lqe'h / rt'e'{hx¿
klxrfg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk –2

-s_ lgDglnlvt cfsf/sf s]xL s8f vfnsf sfuhsf 6'j|mfx¿ -cfwf/ / nDa a/fa/ ePsf_
k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps ;]6 lbg'xf];\ .

-v_ oL lj|mofsnfkx¿ sfuh k6\ofpg] ljlwaf6 u/fpg'xf];\ / ljBfyL{nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/L
pSt k|Zgx¿sf] ;dfwfg sfkLdf n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
-c_ ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hnfO{ ljs0f{n] sf6\bf sltcf]6f lqe'h ag] <
-cf_ tL lqe'hx¿ s'g tYoaf6 cg'¿k b]vfpg ;lsG5 <
-O_ cg'¿k lqe'hsf] If]qkmn s;/L a/fa/ x'G5 <
-O{_ ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hsf] If]qkmn lgsfNg nufpg] / glthf 5nkmn u/fpg] . s] tL
;=r=x¿sf] If]qkmn a/fa/ eof] < s] tL ;=r= x¿sf] prfO a/fa/ gePsf] eP
If]qkmnx¿ a/fa/ x'g ;SYof] <
-p_ olb ;=r= x¿sf cfwf/ Pp6} agfO{ Pp6f ;=r= dfly csf]{ ;=r= vK6fO{ /fVbf s]
dflyNnf ;/n /]vfx¿ klg Pp6} ;/n /]vf aG5g\ < lsg 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk –3

d]sfgf]l:6«ksf] k|of]uaf6 ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h / lqe'hsf] If]qkmn af/]df k|of]ufTds cEof;

u/fpg'xf];\ .
d"Nofª\sg

lbOPsf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
1. tnsf dWo] s'g cfs[lt Pp6} cfwf/df / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿lar /x]sf 5g\ / ;femf cfwf/
/ b'O{ ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿ klg pNn]v ug{'xf];\ M

-c_ -cf_ -O_

2. lbOPsf cfs[ltx¿sf] If]qkmn lgsfNg'xf];\ M

-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 205 sf] cEof; 10.1 sf] k|Zg g= 1 sf ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .
 t];|f] / rf}yf] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ Pp6} cfwf/ / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿lar ag]sf ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hx¿sf] If]qkmnsf] ;DaGw
kQf nufpg

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
lhof] af]8{, u|fkm k]k/, HofldtLo aS;

lj|mofsnfk –1

(s) Pp6f afSnf] sfuhsf] kfgfdf rt'e'{h ABCD sf]g{ nufpg'xf];\ . lrq (i) df b]vfP h:t}
/]vfv08 DE sf]g{ nufpg'xf];\ . o;nfO{ lhof]af]8{df /a8 AofG8sf] k|of]u u/]/ klg
b]vfpg'xf];\ .

(i
)

(v) ca lrq (ii) df b]vfP h:t} Pp6f 6«]l;ª sfuhsf] ;xfotfn] lqe'h A'D'E' agfpg'xf];\, h'g
lqe'h  ADE ;Fu cg'¿k 5 / o;nfO{ Pp6f cnu sfuhdf sf6\g nufpg'xf];\ . To;kl5
 A'D'E' nfO{ /]vfv08 BC ;Fu nu]/ hf]8\g'xf];\ . lrq (ii) df b]vfP h:t} Pp6} cfwf/ DC /

pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿ AE’ / DC lardf ;=r= ABCD / ;=r= EDCE' /x]sf] 5.
(A')

(D')
(ii)
oxfF, ADE   A'D'E'

To;}n] If]qkmn (ADE) = If]qkmn (A'D'E')

;=r= ABCD = ADE +  EBCD

= A'D'E + EBCD
= EDCE'
-u_ o;/L Pp6} cfwf/ / b'O{ ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hsf If]qkmn a/fa/ x'G5g\ egL wf/0ff lgdf{0fkl5,
ljBfyL{nfO{ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 195 sf] ;fWo 1 ug{ pTk|]l/t ug'{xf];\ .
d"Nofª\sg
1. lbOPsf] u|fkm lrq cWoog u/L tnsf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ M
-c_ ;=r= ABCD sf] u|fkmdf cf]u6]sf]
efu u0fgf u/L n]Vg'xf];\ .
-cf_ cfot ACEF sf] u|fkmdf cf]u6]sf]
efu u0fgf u/L n]Vg'xf];\ .
-O_ ;=r= / cfotn] cf]u6]sf efux¿sf]
u0fgfaf6 s] s:tf] glthf k|fKt x'G5 <
n]Vg'xf];\ .

2. lbOPsf] lrqdf Pp6f ;=r= ABCD / cfot EDCF Pp6} cfwf/ DC / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿
EB / DC lar /x]sf 5g\ eg],
-c_ ;=r= ABCD sf] If]qkmn / cfot EDCF sf] If]qkmndf s:tf] ;DaGw x'G5 <
-cf_ olb cfwf/ DC = 6 cm / prfO (AM) = 5 cm eP
cfot EDCF / ;=r= ADCB sf] If]qkmn slt x'G5,
kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
M
lj|mofsnfk –2

v]nM Pick's theorem af6 dflysf] h:t} ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hsf] If]qkmn kQf nufpg] v]n
v]nfpg'xf];\ . tnsf pbfx/0fx¿ x]g'{xf];\ / ;f]xLcg';f/ cGo v]nx¿ lgdf{0f ug'{xf];\ M

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 205 sf] cEof; 10.1 sf] 2 sf ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

lj|mofsnfk –3

-s_ Pp6} cfwf/ PQ / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿ PQ / MN lar /x]sf ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h PQAM

/ ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h PQNB sf] If]qkmn a/fa/ x'G5 egL sIffsf]7fdf ljBfyL{nfO{
If]qkmnsf] ;"q k|of]u u/]/ klg k|dfl0ft ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] wf/0ff lgdf{0f u/fpg'xf];\ .

-v_ lgDg r/0fx¿ ckgfpg nufpg'xf];\ .

r/0f I : ;d:ofsf] klxrfg (Understanding the problem)

yfxf lbOPsf] / k|dfl0ft ug'{kg]{ wf/0ff 5nkmnaf6 lbg nufpg'xf];\ .

yfxf lbOPsf] M oxfF Pp6} cfwf/ PQ / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿ PQ / MN lardf

;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hx¿ PQAM / PQNB ag]sf 5g\ .

 k|dfl0ft ug'{kg]{ M ;=r= PQAM sf] If]qkmn = ;=r= PQNB sf] If]qkmn
r/0f II : of]hgf lgdf{0f (Making Plan)

pSt ;fWo xn ug{ olb cfjZos k/]df h'lSt jf /rgf ug'{kg]{ wf/0ff lbg]
[ gf]6 M olb lbOPsf hfgsf/Lx¿ l;w} k|of]u ug{ g;lsg] / HofldtLo lrqx¿lar
;DaGw vf]hL ug{ s]xL yk /]vfx¿ l;4fGtdf /xL /rgf ug'{kg]{ jf h'lStsf ¿kdf
JoSt ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ]
/rgf M /]vf MN sf] s'g} laGb' E af6 PQ df EF nDa lvrf}F .
r/0f III : of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog (Carrying out the plan)

o; r/0fdf ljBfyL{nfO{ lgisif{df k'¥ofpg HofldtLo ;fWonfO{ k|dfl0ft ug{ tYo /

sf/0fx¿ j|mda4 n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
k|df0f
tYox¿ sf/0fx¿
1= ;=r= PQAM sf] If]qkmn = PQ× EF 1= ;=r= sf] If]qkmn = cfwf/ × prfO x'g] ePsfn]
2= ;=r= PQNB sf] If]qkmn = PQ × EF 2= ;=r= sf] If]qkmn = cfwf/ × prfO x'g] ePsfn]
3= ;=r= PQAM sf] If]qkmn = ;=r= 3= tYo 1 / 2 af6 -a/fa/L tYocg';f/_
PQNB sf] If]qkmn

r/0f IV: k/LIf0f (OLoking Back)

ts{k"0f{ tYox¿nfO{ k'gM Ps k6s bf]xf]¥ofP/ x]g{ nufpg'xf];\ . o;nfO{ csf]{ s'g} h'lSt
nufP/ klg k|dfl0ft ug{ ;lsG5 ls km]l/ ljrf/ ug]{ afgL ljBfyL{df k|f]T;flxt
u/fpg'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 195 sf] ;fWo 1 r/0fa4 ¿kdf k|dfl0ft ug{ nufpg'xf];\
/ To:t} pbfx/0f 1 sf] ;d:ofdf klg 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .

d"Nofª\sg
-c_ Pp6} cfwf/ / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿lar ag]sf ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h / cfotsf] If]qkmn
a/fa/
x'G5 <
-cf_ Pp6} cfwf/ / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿lar ag]sf ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h / ju{sf] If]qkmn a/fa/
 x'G5 <
-O_ s] Pp6} cfwf/ / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿lar ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h / ju{ ;Dej x'G5, 5nkmn
ug'{xf];\ .

kfFrf}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ Pp6} cfwf/ / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿lar ag]sf] ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h / lqe'hsf] ;DaGw kQf
nufpg

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
lhof] af]8{, u|fkm k]k/, HofldtLo aS;

lj|mofsnfk - 1
-s_ sIffsf]7fdf ljBfyL{sf] ;ª\Vofcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .
-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps Pscf]6f u|fkm k]k/ (graph sheet) lbg'xf];\ / lrqdf b]vfOPcg';f/ Pp6}
cfwf/ / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿lar lqe'h ABE / rt'e'{h ABCD /rgf ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-u_ lqe'h / ;=r= sf If]qx¿ cfs[ltn] 3]l/Psf (Number of complete square encoLsed by the

figure) ju{ cfsf/sf sf]7fx¿ u0fgf ug{ nufO{ l6kf]6 ug{ nufpg'x]f;\ .
-u_ cfwfeGbf a9L efux¿ cfs[ltn] 3]l/Psf ju{x¿sf] ;ª\Vof / ltgLx¿sf] cfwf efux¿
3]l/Psf] ju{x¿sf] ;ª\Vof u0fgf ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . cfwf efueGbf sd efux¿ lrqåf/f 3]l/Psf
ju{x¿nfO{ a]jf:tf (Ignore) ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ ljBfyL{nfO{ k|Zg ug'{xf];\ < lqe'h / ;=r=sf] u0fgfaf6 s] glthf k|fKt eof] < k|To]s
;d"xsf] glthf sIffsf]7fdf k|;t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-ª_ o;/L k|fKt glthfnfO{ r/0fa4 ¿kdf ;}4flGts k|dfl0ft ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .

lj|mofsnfk - 2
-s_ ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h ABCD / lqe'h EAB Pp6} cfwf/ AB / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿ AB /

DE ag]sf 5g\ eg]  EAB sf] If]qkmn / rt'e'{h ABCD sf] cfwf x'G5 egL k|dfl0ft ug{
nufpg'xf];\ .
P

-v_ lgDg r/0fx¿ ckgfpg nufpg'xf];\ M

Q
r/0f I M ;d:ofsf] klxrfg
yfxf lbOPsf] / k|dfl0ft ug'{kg]{ wf/0ff 5nkmnaf6 lbg nufpg'xf];\ .
yfxf lbOPsf] M Pp6} cfwf/ AB / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿ AB / DE lardf lqe'h EAB

/ ;=r= ABCD ag]sf 5g\ .

1
k|dfl0ft ug'{kg]{ M  EAB sf] If]qkmn = 2 ;=r= ABCD sf] If]qkmn

r/0f II M of]hgf lgdf{0f

pSt ;fWo k|dfl0ft ug{ olb cfjZos k/]df h'lSt jf /rgf ug'{kg]{ wf/0ff lbg]
/rgf M /]vf DE sf] s'g} laGb' P af6 AB df PQ nDa lvrf}F .
r/0f III M of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog
o; r/0fdf ljBfyL{nfO{ lgisif{df k'¥ofpg HofldtLo ;fWox¿nfO{ k|dfl0ft ug{ tYo / sf/0fx¿
j|mda4 n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
tYox¿ sf/0fx¿
1 1
1=  EAB sf] If]qkmn = 2 × AB × PQ 1= lqe'hsf] If]qkmn = 2 b×h

2= ;=r= ABCD sf] If]qkmn = AB × PQ 2= ;=r= sf] If]qkmn = b × h

1 3= tYo -1_ / -2_ af6 a/fa/L
3=  EAB sf] If]qkmn = 2 ;=r= ABCD sf] If]qkmn
tYocg';f/

r/0f IV : kl/0ffdnfO{ hfFr

ts{k"0f{ tYox¿nfO{ k'gM Ps k6s bf]xf]¥ofP/ x]g{ nufpg'xf];\ / o;nfO{ kf7\ok':tssf]
k[i7 g= 198 sf] ;fWo 2 tl/sfaf6 ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug'{xf];\ .
d"Nofª\sg
lbOPsf] lrqsf cfwf/df  PQT sf] If]qkmn kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
(i) lbOPsf] lrqsf cfwf/df ;=r= PQRS sf]

If]qkmn kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

(ii) lbOPsf] lqe'h / ;=r= sf] ;DaGw n]Vg'xf];\ . 8 cm

10 cm
u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 205 sf] cEof; 10.1 sf] k|Zg 2 sf ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .
 5}6f}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ Pp6} cfwf/ / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿lar ag]sf lqe'hx¿sf] If]qkmnsf] ;DaGw kQf nufpg

lj|mofsnfk –1

-s_ sIffsf]7fdf ljBfyL{nfO{ lhof] af]8{ (Geo Board) df /a/ AofG8sf] k|of]u u/]/ Pp6} cfwf/ /
pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿lar ag]sf lqe'hx¿sf] If]qkmnsf] wf/0ff lgdf{0f ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .

-v_  ABC sf] If]qkmn u0fgf u/L kQf nufpg] A P

 PBC sf] If]qkmn u0fgf u/L kQf nufpg]
-u_ k|fKt glthfnfO{ lgisif{ lgsfnL 5nkmn ug{ nufg'xf];\ .
B C
lj|mofsnfk –2

-s_ o;/L Pp6} cfwf/ / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿lar ag]sf lqe'hx¿sf] If]qkmnsf] wf/0ff lgdf{0f
kl5 lgDglnlvt r/0fx¿ ckgfO{ ;}4flGts k|dfl0ft ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
r/0f I M ;d:ofsf] klxrfg

yfxf lbOPsf] / k|dfl0ft ug'{kg]{ wf/0ff 5nkmnaf6 lbg nufpg'xf];\ .

yfxf lbOPsf] M Pp6} cfwf/ AB / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿ AB / CD lardf lqe'hx¿
ABC / ABD /x]sf 5g\ .
k|dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{ M  ABC sf] If]qkmn =  ABD sf] If]qkmn
r/0f II M of]hgf lgdf{0f
pSt ;fWo xn ug{ olb cfjZos k/]df h'lSt jf /rgf ug'{kg]{ wf/0ff lbg]
/rgf M /]vf CD sf] s'g} laGb' P af6 AB df PQ nDa lvRg nufpg'xf];\ .
r/0f III : of]hgf sfof{Gjog
o; r/0fdf ljBfyL{nfO{ lgisif{df k'¥ofpg HofldtLo ;fWox¿nfO{ k|dfl0ft ug{
tYo / sf/0fx¿ j|mda4 n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
 tYox¿ sf/0fx¿
1 1
1=  ABC sf] If]qkmn = 2 AB × PQ 1=  sf] If]qkmn = 2 cfwf/ × prfO
1 1
2=  ABD sf] If]qkmn = 2 AB × PQ 2=  sf] If]qkmn = 2 cfwf/ × prfO

3=  ABC sf] If]qkmn =  ABD sf] If]qkmn 3= tYo -1_ / -2_ af6 -a/fa/L tYocg';f/_

r/0f IV M kl/0ffdnfO{ hfFr

ts{k"0f{ tYox¿nfO{ Ps k6s bf]xf]¥ofP/ x]g{ nufpg'xf]; / o;nfO{ kf7\ok':Tfssf]
k[i7 g= 200 sf] ;fWo 3 ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug'{xf];\ .
d"Nofª\sg
lbOPsf] lrqdf ABC / BCD Pp6} cfwf/ BC / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿ AD / BC lar /x]sf 5g\
. laGb'' B af6 AC df nDa lvlrPsf] 5 .

-c_ lqe'h BAD sf] If]qkmn;Fu a/fa/ x'g] lqe'hsf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .
-cf_ olb AC = 18 cm / BP = 10 cm eP lqe'h BCD sf] If]qkmn kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 206 sf] cEof; 10.1 sf] k|Zg 3 sf] ;a} k|Zgx¿sf] ;d:of ;dfwfg
ug'{xf];\ .
 ;ftf}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ;fWo 1, 2, / 3 sf sygx¿sf] k|of]u u/L kf7\ok':ts k[i7 g= 206 sf] cEof; 10.1 df
ePsf] k|Zg g+= 4 sf ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
Hofldlt aS;

lj|mofsnfk -1

-s_ cluNnf] sIffdf cWoog ul/Psf] sygx¿nfO{ k'g/jnf]sg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .

-v_ k|Zg g= 4 df /x]s]f s'g} Pp6f k|Zg sIffsf]7fdf ljBfyL{nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
k|Zg
lbOPsf] lrqdf ABCD Pp6f ;dnDa rt'e'{h xf], h;df AD || PQ || BC 5g\ .  AQB

sf] If]qkmn /  DPC sf] If]qkmn a/fa/ x'G5 egL k|dfl0ft ug'{xf];\ .
C
B

A D
r/0f I M ;d:ofsf] klxrfg (Understanding the problem)

lrqsf] cjnf]sg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / yfxf lbPsf] / k|dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{ wf/0ffx¿
sIffsf]7fdf 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
yfxf lbOPsf] af6 M oxfF ABCD Pp6f ;=n=r= 5, hxfF, AD || PQ || BC 5g\ .
k|dfl0ft ug'{kg]{ M  AQB sf] If]qkmn Ö  DPC sf] If]qkmn
r/0f II : of]hgf lgdf{0f (Making Plan)

pSt ;fWo k|dfl0ft ug{ cfjZos k/]df dfq /rgf ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
r/0f III : of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog (Plan Implementation)
o; r/0fdf ljBfyL{nfO{ lgisif{df k'¥ofpg HofldtLo ;d:ofx¿nfO{ k|dfl0ft ug{ tYo
/ sf/0fx¿ j|mda4 n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
tYox¿ sf/0fx¿
1=  APQ =  DPQ 1= Pp6} cfwf/ PQ / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿ PQ /

AD lar ag]sf lqe'hx¿sf] If]qkmn a/fa/ x'gfn]

2=  PQB =  PQC 2= sf/0f -1_ h:t}
3=  APQ +  PQB =  DPQ +  PQC 3= tYo -1_ -/ -2_ nfO{ hf]8\bf
4=  AQB =  DPC 4= l;ª\uf] 6'j|m] tYocg';f/

o;/L lgisif{df,
 AQB sf] If]qkmn =  DPC sf] If]qkmn a/fa/ eof] .
-u_ o:t} k|sf/sf k|Zgx¿ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 201 b]lv 204 ;Dd, pbfx/0f 3 b]lv 7 ;Ddsf
k|Zgx¿ sIffsf]7fdf ljBfyL{dfem 5nkmn u/fO{ k|dfl0ft ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .

d"Nofª\sg
lbOPsf] lrqdf Pp6} cfwf/ BC / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿ AF / BC ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h EBCF /

ju{ ABCD 5g\ .

-c_ ju{ / ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hdf ldNg] s'g} Pp6f u'0f n]Vg'xf];\ .
-cf_ k|dfl0ft ug'{xf];\ M ;=r= EBCF = ju{ ABCD sf] If]qkmn
-O_ lbOPsf] lrqdf ABCD / PQRD b'O{ ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hx¿ x'g\ k|dfl0ft ug'{xf];\ M
;=r= ABCD sf] If]qkmn = ;=r= PQRD sf] If]qkmn

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 206 b]lv 209 ;Dd /x]sf cEof; 10.1 sf] k|Zg g+= 4 sf ;d:ofx¿
k|dfl0ft ug'{xf];\ .
 cf7f}F / gjf}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ Pp6} cfwf/ / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿lar ag]sf ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h, lqe'hsf] ;DaGwsf af/]df
Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
u|fkm k]k/, km/s km/s /ªsf l;;fsnd, Hofldlt aS;

lj|mofsnfk –1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfgsf] ljj/0f n]lvPsf Ps Pscf]6f rf6{k]k/
lbg'xf];\ .

u|fkm k]k/ jf juf{ª\lst sfuhdf km/s km/s /ª k|of]u u/L Pp6} cfwf/ / pxL
;dfgfGt/ /]vfx? lar ag]sf M
i. ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hxlarsf] ;DaGw
ii. ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h / lqe'hsf] ;DaGw
iii. lqe'hx¿sf] ;DaGw :ki6 b]lvg] u/L tof/ kfg'{xf];\ .

-u_ k|To]s ;d"xn] tof/ kf/]sf] sfo{nfO{ sIff sf]7fdf k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ cGTodf ljBfyL{sf] k|:t'lt / cfcfkm\gf] ;d"xsf] ;lj|motfsf cfwf/df ?la|S;sf] ;xfotfn]
d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk –2

ljBfyL{lar d]sfgf]l:6«K;sf] k|of]u u/L ljleGg ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hx¿, ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h / lqe'h
tyf lqe'hx¿sf] ;DaGwx¿ k|of]ufTds ¿kdf hfFr ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
 gd'gf ?la|S;
Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ d"Nofª\sg ?la|S;
;d"xut Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ k|:t'ltsf] d"Nofª\sg ?la|S;

If]q cfwf/ ;"rs cª\s k|fKtfª\s

lqe'h Pjd\ ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hx¿;Fu ;DalGwt
;DaGwx¿ / If]qkmn;Fu ;DalGwt cjwf/0ffx¿ u|fkm 2

k]k/af6 tof/ ug{ tyf u0fgf sfo{x¿df s'g} q'l6 gePsf]

lqe'h Pjd\ ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hx¿;Fu ;DalGwt
;DaGwx¿ / If]qkmn;Fu ;DalGwt cjwf/0ffx¿ u|fkm
k]k/af6 tof/ ;xL 9ª\uaf6 tof/ ul/Psf] t/ u0fgf 1.5

sfo{x¿df s]lx q'l6 ePsf] t/ cfjZostf ;Nnfx k|fKt

ul0ftLo ubf{ t'?Gt ;l6s ¿kdf ;'wf/ u/]df
1 1fgsf]
lqe'h Pjd\ ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hx¿;Fu ;DalGwt
z'4tf
;DaGwx¿ / If]qkmn;Fu ;DalGwt cjwf/0ffx¿ u|fkm
1
k]k/af6 tof/ ubf{ s]xL q'l6x¿ ePsf tyf u0fgf
sfo{x¿df klg s]xL q'l6 ePsf]
lqe'h Pjd\ ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hx¿;Fu ;DalGwt
;DaGwx¿ / If]qkmn;Fu ;DalGwt cjwf/0ffx¿ u|fkm
0.5
k]k/af6 tof/ ubf{ cTolwt q'l6x¿ ePsf tyf u0fgf
sfo{x¿df klg w]/} 7fpFx¿df q'l6 ePsf]

ljBfyL{ JolStut Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ k|:t'ltsf] d"Nofª\sg ?la|S; cg';"rL @ k|of]u
ug'{xf];\ .

lzIfssf nflu yk hfgsf/L

- ljBfyL{sf] efjgfcg'¿k ;"rgf / ;~rf/ k|ljlw (ICT) sf] k|of]u ug]{
- JolStut tyf ;fgf ;fgf ;d"x sfo{ ug]{
- lhof]af]8{ / Graph Sheet af6 If]qkmn;DaGwL HofldtLo wf/0ff lgdf{0f ug]{
 kf7 11
/rgf (Construction)

kl/ro
HofldtLo /rgf Hofldltdf Ps cfwf/e"t l;k jf snf xf] . HofldtLo /rgfsf dbtn] sf]0f, ;/n
/]vfv08 / ljleGg k|sf/sf ax'e'h, rfk / cGo w]/} HofldtLo cfs[lt sf]g{ ;lsG5 . o; l;kn]
ljBfyL{df HofldtLo j:t'x¿sf af/]df sNkgf ug{, ts{ ug]{ Ifdtfsf] ljsf; u/fpg'sf ;fy} ul0ftLo
k|df0fx¿sf cfwf/ alnof] agfpF5 . /rgf ug]{ l;kn] lqe'h / rg'e{'hsf] u'0fx¿;Fu ;DalGwt
ljleGg ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ ;S5 . To:t} u/L o;n] j:t'snf, OlGhlgol/ª l8hfOg b}lgs
sfo{df cfpg] cfsf/x¿sf] lg0f{o klg ug{ ;lsG5 .
ljleGg lqe'h / rt'e'{hx¿sf] /rgf ug]{ sfo{ sIff 8 / 9 df g} ul/;lsPsf] 5 . o; PsfOdf
a/fa/ If]qkmn x'g] lqe'h / rt'{e'hsf] /rgf ug]{ l;k jf tl/sf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .
kf7\oj|mdcg';f/ o; kf7df a/fa/ If]qkmn x'g] lqe'h / rt'e'{hsf] /rgf ug{ ;Sg] l;sfO pknlAw
/x]sf 5g\ . o; kf7sf nflu kf7\oj|mdn] tf]s]sf l;sfO pknlAwx¿ lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M
-s_ a/fa/ If]qkmn x'g] lqe'h / rt'e'{hsf] /rgf ug{
o; kf7sf nflu hDdf kf7\oj|mdnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ 8 cg'dflgt 306fsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
t;y{ o; kf7cGtu{t\ ;dfj]z kf7of+zsf] ljefhg lgDgfg';f/ ul/Psf] 5 M
lzIf0f of]hgf ÷kf7\of+z ljefhg
cg'dflgt kf7\ok':tssf]
j|m=;= kf7\oj:t'
306f ;DalGwt k[i7
;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hx¿sf] u'0fx¿sf] k'g/jnf]sg tyf
1. juf{ª\lst sfuhsf dfWodaf6 lqe'h / rt'e{'hsf] 1 210
;DaGwsf] vf]hL
2.
a/fa/ If]qkmn ePsf b'O{cf]6f ;dfgfGt/ 1 211,212,219
rt'e'{hx¿sf] /rgf
3. a/fa/ If]qkmn ePsf b'O{cf]6f lqe'hx¿ /rgf 1 213,214,219

4.
a/fa/ If]qkmn x'g] lqe'h / ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hx¿sf] 1 215,216,219
/rgf
5.
lbOPsf] rt'e'{hsf] If]qkmn;Fu a/fa/ x'g] lqe'hsf] 2 217,218,220
/rgf
6. Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ 2 211,212,219
hDdf 8
kf7 lzIf0f ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ kIfx¿
-s_ kf7;Fu ;DalGwt k"j{1fg
1. sDkf; / ?n/sf] k|of]u u/L 0o b]lv 180o ;Ddsf sf]0fx¿ lvRg
2. sf]0fx¿nfO{ rfFbn] dfkg ug]{ l;k ljsf;
3. ljleGg k|sf/sf lqe'h / rt'e{'hx¿sf] ljz]iftfx¿ yfxf kfpg'
4. lbOPsf] gfksf cfwf/df ljleGg k|sf/sf lqe'h / rt'e'{hx¿sf] sDkf; / ?n/sf]
;xfotfn] /rgf ug{'
-v_ ;Defljt unt a'emfO{ tyf cjwf/0fx¿
-l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ubf{ ljBfyL{n] ug]{ uNtLx¿_
1. lqe'h / rt'e'{h;DaGwL ;fWox¿nfO{ -syg_ j]jf:yf ug'{
2. cfsf/x¿ lgdf{0f ubf{ cfjZos sf]0fx¿, /]vfv08x¿ gfKg] j|mddf q'l6 ug'{
3. lbOPsf] lqe'hsf] a/fa/ If]qkmn ePsf] ;=r lgdf{0f ubf{ ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿ sf]g]{ j|mddf
q'l6x¿ ug'{
 klxnf] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hsf] kl/efiff eGg / ljz]iftfx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ ug{
-v_ juf{ª\lst sfuhsf] dfWodaf6 a/fa/ If]qkmn x'g] lqe'h / rt'e'{hsf] ;DaGw vf]hL ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
HofldtLo ;fdu|Lx¿, ˆnf;sf8{, juf{ª\lst rf6{k]k/, ICT.

lj|mofsnfk -1

-s_ cluNnf] kf7sf] lqe'h / rt'e'{hsf] If]qkmn;DaGwL sygx¿nfO{ k'g/jnf]sg ub}{ sIff ;'?
ug'{xf];\ .
-v_ sIffdf pkl:yt ljBfyL{nfO{ rf/ ;d"xdf ljefhg u/L ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hsf] kl/efiff,
ljz]iftf / lqe'h / rt'e'{h;DaGwL sygx¿nfO{ A4 ;fOh k]k/df n]vL k|To]s ;d"xnfO{
kfn}kfnf] sIffdf k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk - 2
-s_ k|To]s ;d"xdf /x]sf ljBfyL{nfO{ rf6{k]k/df tof/ kfl/Psf] Pp6f juf{ª\lst sfuh
lbg'xf];\, h:t} M lrq
-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ lbOPsf] lrq cWoog ug{ nufO{ lgDg tYox¿sf] vf]hL ug]{ sfo{df
;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ M
1. a/fa/ If]qkmn x'g] ;dfgfGt/ rt'e{'hx¿ -Pp6} cfwf/ / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿lar
ag]sf_
2. a/fa/ If]qkmn x'g] ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h / lqe'h
3. a/fa/ If]qkmn x'g] cfot / lqe'h
4. a/fa/ If]qkmn x'g] rt'h'e'{h / lqe'h
-u_ k|To]s ;d"xn] vf]hL u/]sf] cfs[ltnfO{ sIffsf]7ffdf k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .

d"Nofª\sg
-s_ ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hsf] 3 cf]6f ljz]iftfx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ ug'{xf];\ .

bf];|f] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ a/fa/ If]qkmn x'g] ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hsf] /rgf ug{

z}If0fLs ;fdu|L
HofldtLo ;fdu|L, rf6{k]k/, k\mnf;sf8{
lj|mofsnfk -1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cluNnf] lbgsf] kf7sf] k'g/jnf]sg ub}{ cfhsf] kf7tk{m Wofgfsif{0f
u/fpg'xf];\ .
-v_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ 4 jf 5 ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 gDa/ 211 sf] lj|mofsnfk 1 5nkmn u/L cWoog ug{
nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ s]xL ;dosf] 5nknkl5 ToxL ;d"xdf sfo{ ug{ rf6{k]k/df n]lvPsf k|Zgsf rf6{ k|To]s
;d"xnfO{ afF8\g'xf];\ .
k|Zg

e'hfx¿ AB = 3.5cm, BC = 4.2cm / ∠ ABC = 60o ePsf] ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h;Fu a/fa/

If]qkmn x'g] Pp6f sf]0f 45o ePsf] ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h /rgf ug'{xf];\ .
-ª_ ca ljBfyL{nfO{ lgDg r/0fx¿ pNn]v ub}{ ;xhLs/0f ub}{ hfg'xf];\ .
/rgf lzIf0f ubf{ I DO, WE DO, YOU DO approach k|of]u ub}{ r/0fa4 ¿kdf lzIf0f ug'{k5{ .
o;sf] dtna ;j{k|yd lzIfsn] /rgf u/L b]vfpg], To;kl5 ;Fu;Fu} ug]{ / cGTodf ljBfyL{nfO{
dfq /rgf ug{ nufpg' ;lsG5 .

r/0fx¿
i) ?n/ / l;;fsndsf] k|of]u u/L lbOPsf] cj:yfcg';f/sf] gd'gf lrq lvRg nufpg'xf];\ .
ii) lbOPsf dfgx¿nfO{ gd'gf lrqdf eg{ nufpg'xf];\ . F A D

60° 45°
B 4.2cm. C
-r_ lbOPsf cj:yf / efux¿sf] gfksf cfwf/df sDkf; / ?n/ k|of]u u/L lbOPsf r/0fx¿
j|mdzM k|of]u u/L /rgf ug{ / gfds/0f ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
i) BC = 4.2cm / ∠ XBC = 60° lvRg'xf];\ . B af6 3.5cm sf] rfk lnO{ BX df lrx\g nufO{ A gfd

lbg'xf];\ . laGb'' C af6 3.5cm / laGb' A af6 4.2cm sf] rfkn] sf6L D gfd lbg'xf];\ . ca A /
O tyf C / D hf]8\g'xf];\ . ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h ABCD tof/ eof] . k|Zg ug'{xf];\ <
ii) DA nfO{ Y nDAofpg'xf];\ .
iii) laGb'' C df ∠ BCE = 45° ePsf] sf]0f lvRg'xf]; / pSt /]vfn] DY df sf6\g] laGb''nfO{ E gfd
lbg'xf];\ .
iv) B af6 AB a/fj/sf] rfkn] DY df sf6\g'xf]; / F gfd lbg'xf];\ .
v) laGb'' B / F hf]8\g'xf];\ .
-5_ o;/L ag]sf] ;=g= BCEF sf] If]qkmn ;=r= ABCD sf] If]qkmn;Fu a/fa/ x'G5, lsg xf]nf <
;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L lgisif{ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
ctM
cfjZos ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h BCEF tof/ eof] . Pp6} cfwf/ AB / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vf
BC // DY lar /x]sf] o;sf] If]qkmn ;=r= ABCD ;Fu a/fa/ x'G5 .

lj|mofsnfk - 2

PQ = 4cm, QR = 5.5cm / ∠ PQR = 60° ePsf] ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h PQRS ;Fu a/fa/
If]qkmn ePsf] Pp6f lsgf/f 6cm ePsf] ;=r= sf] /rgf ug'{xf];\ .

-s_ lbOPsf] cj:yfsf cfwf/df ;=r= PQRS sf] gd'gf lrq lvrL dfgx¿ eg{ nufpg'xf];\ .
4cm R x Y
S

60° 60°
P 4cm Q

-v_ lj|mofsnfk 1 cg';f/ g}, PQ = 4cm, QR = 5.5cm / ∠ PQR = 600 ePsf] ;=r= PQRS lvRg
nufpg'xf];\ . RS nfO{ U / T ;Dd nDAofpg'xf];\ .
-u_ laGb'' P af6 6cm sf] rfkn] UT df lrx\g nufpg'xf];\ / x gfd lbg'xf];\ . ;f]xL gfkn]
rfkn] laGb'' Q af6 Q af6 UT df lrx\g nufpg'xf]; / Y gfd lbg'xf];\ .
-3_ ?n/ / l;;fsndsf] k|of]u u/L laGb''x¿ P / X tyf Q / Y hf]8\g'xf];\ .

-ª_ o;/L ag]sf] ;=r= PQRS / PQXY sf] If]qkmn a/fj/ x'G5 < ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L lgisif{
n]Vg] ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
lgisif{ M cfjZos ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h PQXY xf] . h;df Pp6} cfwf/ PQ / pxL ;dfgfGt/
/]vfx¿ PQ // UY lar ag]sf ;=r= PQXY / ;=r= PQRS ePsfn] If]qkmn a/fa/ x'G5 .
d"Nofª\sg
1. k|To]s e'hf 4cm ePsf] ju{ ABCD sf] /rgf ug'{xf];\ . ;f] ju{sf] If]qkmn;Fu a/fa/ x'g] Pp6f
;dfGffGt/ rt'e'{hsf] /rgf ug'{xf];\, h;sf] Pp6f e'hf 6cm xf];\ .

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 219 sf] cEof; 11 sf] cEof; 1 sf k|Zgx¿ k"/f ug'{xf];\ .
gf]6
1. lbOPsf] ;=r= jf cfotsf] If]qkmn;Fu a/fa/ x'g] cfot jf ;=r=sf] /rgf ubf{ cfwf/ Pp6}
E A F
lng] . F
D E C D

A B B C

2. ;=r= eGgfn] cfot, ju{ / ;dafx' rt'e'{hnfO{ klg a'lemG5 eGg] wf/0ff :ki6 ug]{ / ;f]sf]
/rgf ubf{ ;=r= /rgfsf] g} r/0fx¿ cjnDag ug]{
 t];|f] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ a/fa/ If]qkmn x'g] lqe'hsf] /rgf ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
HofldtLo ;fdu|L, rf6{k]k/, ˆnf;sf8{

lj|mofsnfk -1

-s_ Pp6} cfwf/ / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vfx¿ lardf /x]sf lqe'hx¿sf] ;DaGwaf/] ljBfyL{dfem
k|Zg /fvL s]xL ;do k'g/jnf]sg lj|mofsnfk u/fpg'xf];\ .
-v_ sIffsf ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 213 sf] lj|mofsnfk 2 ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
-3_ s]xL ;dosf] 5nkmnkl5, ;d"xdf a;]/ sfo{ ug{ rf6{k]k/df n]lvPsf k|Zgx¿ k|To]s
;d"xnfO{ afF8\g'xf];\ .
k|Zg
∠ CAB = 60°, AB = 4.5cm / AC = 4.2cm ePsf] lqe'h ABC ;Fu a/fa/ If]qkmn x'g] lqe'h
lvRg'xf];\ h;sf] Pp6f lsgf/f 5.4cm 5 .
-ª_ ljBfyL{nfO{ lbOPsf] tYofª\ssf cfwf/df lqe'h /rgf ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
r/0fx¿
i) ?n/ / l;;fsndsf] k|of]u u/L gd'gf lrq lvRg nufpg'xf];\ .
ii) lbOPsf] dfgx¿ gd'gf lrqdf eg{ nufpg'xf];\ .

iii) ∠ CAB = 60°, AB = 4.5cm / AC = 4.2cm ePsf] lqe'h ABC ;Fu af/fa/ If]qkmn x'g] lqe'h
lvRg'xf]; h;sf] Pp6f lsgf/f 5.4cm 5 .
iv) C df ∠ CAB a/fa/sf] sf]0f lvrL laGb'' A af6 hfg] XY // BB lvRg nufpg'xf];\ .
v) A af6 5.4cm cw{Jof;sf] rfk lnO{ XY df sf6\g'xf];\ / D gfd lbg'xf];\ .
vi) laGb'' A / D, B / D hf]8\g'xf];\ .
-r_ o;/L ag]sf] lqe'h Δ ABC sf] If]qkmn Δ ABD sf] If]qkmn;Fu a/fa/ x'G5, lsg xf]nf <
;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L lgisif{ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .

ctM cfjZos lqe'h ADB tof/ eof] . Δ ABC / Δ ADB Pp6} cfwf/ BC / pxL ;dfgfGt/
/]vf AB // XY df /x]sf lqe'hx¿ ePsf]n] logLx¿sf] If]qkmn a/fa/ x'G5 .
lj|mofsnfk - 2
-s_ tnsf] k|Zg k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ afF8\g'xf];\ .
k|Zg
a = 5.5cm, b = 5.6cm / c = 4.7cm ePsf] lqe'h ABC sf] /rgf u/L pSt lqe'hsf] If]qkmn;Fu
a/fa/ x'g] csf]{ lqe'hsf] /rgf ug'{xf];\, h;sf] Pp6f sf]0f 60° xf];\ .
-v_ lbOPsf] k|Zgsf cfwf/df lgDglnlvt s'/fx¿ ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
i) lj|mofsnfk (1) / lj|mofsnfk (2) sf] k|ZGfdf s] leGgtf 5 <
ii) a, b / c lqe'hsf s] x'g\ < s] lbOPsf] e'hfx¿ a, b / c n] lqe'h ABC sf] /rgf ug{ ;lsG5 <
iii) ΔABC ;Fu a/fa/ x'g] csf]{ lqe'hdf Pp6f sf]0f 60° s;/L agfpg] .
-u_ ljBfyL{af6 cfPsf] k|ltlj|mofx¿nfO{ j|mdzM ;xhLs/0f ub}{ hfg'xf];\ / lbOPsf] tYofª\ssf
cfwf/df gd'gf lrq lvrL dfgx¿ eg{ nufpg'xf];\ .

-3_ ljBfyL{nfO{ lj|mofsnfk (1) sf h:t} r/0fx¿ ckgfO{ cfjZos kg]{ lqe'hsf] /rgf ug{
nufpg'xf];\ .
-ª_ cGTodf ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L lgisif{ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
d"Nofª\sg
AB = 5cm, BC = 4.5cm / ∠ CAB = 60° ePsf] Pp6f lqe'h ABC sf] /rgf u/L pSt
lqe'hsf] If]qkmn;Fu a/fa/ x'g] csf]{ lqe'hsf] /rgf ug'{xf]; h;sf] Pp6f e'hfsf] gfk
6.2cm 5 .
u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 ;= 219 df ePsf] cEof; 11 sf] 2 gDa/sf ;a} k|Zgx¿sf] /rgf
ug'{xf];\ .

rf}yf] lbg
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ a/fa/ If]qkmn x'g] lqe'h / ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hsf] /rgf ug{
z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
HofldtLo ;fdu|L, ˆnf;sf8{, rf6{k]k/

lj|mofsnfk - 1
-s_ Pp6} cfwf/ / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vf?lar /x]sf lqe'h / ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hsf] ;DaGwaf/]
ljBfyL{df k|ZGf /fvL s]xL ;do k'g/fj[lQ lj|mofsnfk u/fpg'xf];\ .
-v_ sIffsf ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 ;= 215 sf] lj|mofsnfk 3 cWoog u/L ;d"xdf 5nkmn
u/fpg'xf];\ .
-3_ s]xL ;dosf] 5nkmnkl5, ;d"xdf a;]/ sfo{ ug{ rf6{k]k/ n]lvPsf k|Zgx¿ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{
afF8\g'xf];\ .
k|Zg
AB = 4cm, BC = 5cm / ∠ CAB=60° ePsf] Pp6f lqe'h ABC lvRg'xf];\ . pSt lqe'hsf]
If]qkmn;+Fu a/fa/ If]qkmn ePsf] Pp6f e'hf PB = 5.2cm ePsf] ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{hsf] /rgf
ug'{xf];\ .
-ª_ ca ljBfyL{nfO{ cfkm" ;Fu;Fu} lbOPsf] tYofª\ssf cfwf/df lgDg r/0fx¿ j|mdzM ckgfO{
 /rgf ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
i) lbOPsf] cj:yfsf cfwf/df lqe'h ABC sf] gd'gf lrq lvrL dfgx¿ eg{ nufpg'xf];\ .
ii) AB = 4cm, BC = 5cm / ∠ ABC = 60° ePsf] Pp6f lqe'h lvRg nufpg'xf];\ .
iii) e"hf BC ;Fu ;dfgfGt/ x'g] laGb'' A af6 hfg] /]vf XY lvRg nufpg'xf];\ .
iv) 5.2cm cw{Jof; ePsf] rfk lnP/ laGb'' C af6 XY df rfk sf6L R gfd lbg nufpg'xf];\ .
v) e'hf BC sf] dWolaGb'' P kQf nufO{ P af6 CR a/fa/sf] cw{Jof;sf] rfkn] XY df lrx\g
nfO{ Q gfd lbg nufpg'xf];\ . laGb''x¿ P / Q tyf C / R hf]8\g'xf];\ .
-r_ cfjZos ;=r= PCRQ xf] h;sf] If]qkmn Δ ABC ;Fu a/fj/ x'G5 < ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L
lgisif{ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .

-5_ s] o;nfO{ cGo tl/sfaf6 klg /rgf ug{ ;lsG5 < cGo tl/sfx¿ ckgfP/ /rgf ug{
pTk|]l/t ug'{xf];\ .
gf]6M dflysf] lrqdf lqe'hsf] If]qkmn;Fu a/fa/ x'g] ;=r= sf] /rgf ubf{ pxL ;dfgfGt/
/]vfx¿lar aGg] ePsfn] ltgLx¿ b'j}sf] prfO ;dfg x'g] eof] . o; kl/l:yltdf kl/jt{g x'g
;Sg] e'hf cfwf/ dfq xf] . t;y{ oxfF cfwf/sf] dWolaGb'sf dbtn] lqe'hsf] cfwf/sf] nDafO
cfwf ul/G5 eGg] wf/0ff ljBfyL{nfO{ lj|mofsnfk;lxt a'emfpg'xf];\ .

lj|mofsnfk -2

-s_ lgDglnlvt sfo{x¿ ug{ ;d"xdf tnsf] k|ZGf lbg'xf];\ .

k|ZGf
AB = 5cm, BC = 4cm / ∠ ABC = 60° ePsf] Pp6f ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h ABCD lvRg'xf];\ .
 pSt ;=r= ;Fu a/fa/ If]qkmn x'g] lqe'h PBE h;sf] Pp6f e'hf PB = 5.6cm sf] /rgf
ug'{xf];\ .
-v_ k|To]s ;d"xsf ljBfyL{nfO{ lj|mofsnfk (1) df lbOPsf] k|Zg / lj|mofsnfk (2) df lbOPsf]
k|Zgsf] leGgtf ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
-u_ s]xL ;dosf] 5nkmnkl5 lj|mofsnfk (1) / lj|mofsnfk (2) df ePsf k|Zgx¿sf] hfgsf/L
u/fpg'xf];\ / lbOPsf] tYofª\ssf cfwf/df /rgf ug{ ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
-3_ lgDglnlvt r/0fx¿ j|mdzM k|of]u ug'{xf];\ M
i) lbOPsf] cj:yfdf ;=r= ABCD sf] gd'gf lrq
tof/ u/L dfgx¿ eg{ nufpg'xf];\ .

ii) BC = 4cm ePsf] l;wf /]vf lvRg nufpg'xf];\ .

iii) sDkf;sf] k|of]u u/L ∠ HBC = 60° ePsf] sf]0f lvRg nufpg'xf];\ .
iv) HB df 5 cm sf] rfkn] sf6L A gfd lbg'xf];\ .
v) C af6 AB a/fa/sf] rfk / a af6 BC a/fa/sf] rfk lvrL sfl6Psf] laGb''nfO{ D gfd
lbg'xf];\ .
vi) A / D af6 hlt l;wf /]vf ST lvRg'xf];\ . ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h ABCD tof/ eof] .
vii) e'hf BC = CE x'g] u/L BC nfO{ E ;Dd nDafpg'xf];\ .
viii) laGb'' B af6 5.6cm cw{Jof;sf] rfk lnO{ AD df lrx\g nufpg'xf];\ .
ix) laGb''x¿ B/ P tyf P / E hf]8\g'xf];\ .

-ª_ o;/L ag]sf] lqe'h APE sf] If]qkmn ;=r= ABCD ;Fu a/fa/ x'G5 lsg < ;d"xdf 5nkmn
u/L lgisif{ n]Vg'xf];\ .
ctM Pp6} cfwf/df / pxL ;dfgfGt/ /]vflar ag]sf ;=r= sf] If]qkmn lqe'hsf] bf]Aa/ x'G5 .
lqe'hsf] cfwf/ bf]Aa/ ubf{ aGg] lqe'hsf] If]qkmn ;=r=sf] If]qkmn;Fu a/fa/ x'G5 .

d"Nofª\sg
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 216 df ePsf] lj|mofsnfk 4 sf] k|ZGfcg';f/sf] /rgf k"/f ug'{xf];\ .

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 219 sf] cEof; 11 sf] k|Zg g= 3 df pNn]v ePsf /rgfx¿ ug'{xf];\ .

kfFrf}F / 5}6f}F lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ a/fa/ If]qkmn x'g] leq'h / rt'e'{hx¿sf] /rgf ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
HofldtLo ;fdu|L, ˆnf;sf8{, rf6{k]k/
lj|mofsnfk -1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfluNnf] kf7sf] k'g/jnf]sg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ sIffsf ljBfyL{nfO{ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 217 sf] lj|mofsnfk 5 cWoog u/L ;d"xdf
5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
-3_ s]xL ;dosf] 5nkmnkl5 ;d"xdf a;]/ sfo{ ug{ rf6{k]k/df n]lvPsf k|Zgx¿ k|To]s
;d"xnfO{ afF8\g'xf];\ .
k|Zg
AB = 5.2cm, BC = 5cm, CO = 4.2cm, AD = 4cm / ∠ ABC = 60° ePsf] Pp6f rt'e'{h
ABCD lvrL pSt rt'e'{h;Fu a/fa/ If]qkmn x'g] lqe'h ADE sf] /rgf ug'{xf];\ .
-ª_ lbOPsf] tYofª\ssf cfwf/df rt'e'{h ABCD sf] gd'gf lrq lvrL dfgx¿ eg{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-r_ klxnf] r/0df ljBfyL{nfO{ rt'e'{h ABCD sDkf; / ?n/sf] ;xfotfn] lvRg nufpg'xf];\ .
i) AB = 5cm, BC = 5cm, CD = 4.2cm, AD = 4cm / ∠ ABC = 60° ePsf] Pp6f rt'e'{h
ABCD lvRg nufpg'xf];\ .
ii) ljs0f{{ B / D hf]8\g'xf];\ .
iii) ∠ ABC = ∠ BCE x'g] u/L BD ;Fu ;dfgfGt/ /]vf CE lvRg'xf];\ . c
D
ca, AB nfO{ l;wf nDAofP/ laGb'' E ;Fu hf]8\g Fig VII

nufpg'xf];\ . / laGb''x¿ D / E hf]8\g'xf];\ .

A 5.2cm B E Y

-5_ o;/L ag]sf] lqe'h ADE sf] If]qkmn a/fa/ rt'e'{hsf] If]qkmn;Fu s;/L a/fa/ eof] <
;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L lgisif{ n]Vg'xf];\ .
-h_ k/LIf0f ug{ nufpg'xf];\, h:t} M ∆ ABC sf] If]qkmn = ∆ BDE Pp6} cfwf/ / pxL ;dfgfGt/
/]vfnfO{ ∆ DBC + ∆ ADB = ∆ BDE + ∆ ADB / b'j}lt/ ∆ ADB hf]8\bf rt'e'{h ABCD lqe'h
ADE
ctM ∆ ADE sf] If]qkmn;Fu} rt'e'{h ABCD sf] If]qkmn a/fa/ x'G5 .
lj|mofsnfk 2

-s_ lgDglnlvt sfo{ ug{ ToxL ;d"xnfO{ tnsf] k|Zg af]8{df lbg'xf];\ .
k|Zg
PQ = 2.6cm, QR = 3.4cm / PR = 4cm ePsf] Pp6f lqe'h PQR sf] /rgf ug'{xf];\ / pSt
lqe'h;Fu a/fa/ If]qkmn x'g] cfotsf] /rgf ug'{xf];\ .
-v_ ljBfyL{nfO{ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 218 sf] pbfx/0f 1 cWoog u/L ToxL ;d"xdf
5nkmn ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-u_ lj|mofsnfk (1) / lj|mofsnfk (2) df lbOPsf] k|Zgsf] leGgtf s] 5 atfpg nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ ca ljBfyL{nfO{ lgDg r/0fx¿ j|mdzM atfpFb} lbOPsf] tYofª\ssf cfwf/df /rgf ug{
;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
r/0fx¿
i) ∆ ABC sf] gd'gf lrq tof/ u/L dfgx¿ eg{ nufpg'xf];\ . A E F

Construction
Fin VIII

B D C
ii) AB = 2.6cm, BC = 3.4cm / CA = 4cm ePsf] ∆ ABC sDkf; / ?n/sf] ;xfotfn] lvRg
nufpg'xf];\ .
iii) cfwf/ BC sf] dWolaGb'' D kQf nufpg'xf];\ . / pSt laGb''df ;dsf]0f lvRg nufpg'xf];\ .
iv) laGb'' A af6 hfg] BC ;Fu ;dfgfGt/ x'g] /]vf AF lvRg nufpg'xf];\ hxfF ∠ ACB = ∠ FAC

x'G5 .
v) laGb'' D df lvlrPsf] nDan] ED df sfl6Psf] laGb''nfO{ E gfd lbg nufpg'xf];\ .
vi) DC a/fa/sf] rfkn] EF df sf6L F gfd lbg nufpg'xf];\ .
vii) laGb''x¿ F / C hf]8\g'xf];\ .

ctM cfjZos cfot EDCF xf] h;sf] If]qkmn lqe'h ABC ;Fu a/fa/ 5 .
d"Nofª\sg
lbOPsf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M

-s_ sIffsfo{
- a_ AB = 4.5cm, BC = 5.5cm, CD = 5.7cm / DA = 4.9cm / ljs0f{ BD = 5.9cm ePsf] rt'e'{h
ABCD sf] If]qkmn;Fu a/fa/ x'g] ∆ DAF sf] r/gf ug'{xf]; .
-b _ AB = 3.5cm, BC = 4.5cm / AC = 5.6cm ePsf] ∆ ABC sf] /rgf ug'{xf]; / pSt lqe'hsf]
If]qkmn;Fu a/fa/ x'g] u/L Pp6f rt'e'{h klg /rgf ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 220 sf] cEof; 11 sf g= (4) / (5) sf k|Zgx¿ k"/f ug'{xf];\ .

cf7f}F / gjf}F lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ lqe'h / rt'e'{hsf] /rgf;DaGwL Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ u/L sIffsf]7fdf
k|:t't ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
afF;sf l;Ssf, 5jfnL jf h'; kfOk

lj|mofsnfk -1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ kfFrcf]6f ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ kf7\ok':tssf] cEof; 11 sf] 1 b]lv 5 gDa/sf s'g} k|Zgx¿ dWo]af6 km/s
km/s k|Zg lbg'xf];\, h:t} M

;d"x-I ;d"x-II ;d"x-III ;d"x-IV ;d"x-V

1sf] (5) 2 sf] (a) 3 sf] (c) 4 sf] (a) 5 sf] (c)

-u_ afF;sf l;Ssf, 5jfnL jf h';sf] kfOk k|of]u u/L k|To]s ;d"xn] /rgfsf] Ps Pscf]6f
 gd'gf lgdf{0f u/L sf8af]8{df 6fF;L sIffsf]7fdf k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ cGTodf ljBfyL{sf] k|:t'lt / cfcfkm\gf] ;d"xsf] ;lj|motfsf cfwf/df d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\ .
/rgf lzIf0f ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ kIfx¿
→ lbOPsf] hfgsf/Lx?nfO{ /fd|f];Fu cWoog u/L cfjZos v];|f ug]{ / gfd /fVg]
→ /rgf / gfds/0f ufb{ l;;fsndsf] dfq k|of]u ug]{
→ /rgfsf r/0fx¿ pNn]v gubf{ klg x'G5 t/ r/0fx¿ cjnDag ug'{ kb{5 .
→ cfˆgf] /rgf ldn] jf gldn]sf] ;}4flts ¿kdf hfFr ug]{ .
→ lbOPsf] ;=r= jf cfotsf] If]qkmn;Fu a/fa/ x'g] cfot jf ;=r=sf] /rgf ubf{ cfwf/ Pp6} lng]
→ lbOPsf] cfot jf ;=r=-sf] If]qkmn;Fu a/fj/ x'g] lqe'hsf] /rgf ubf{, lqe'hsf] nflu cfwf/
cfot jf ;=r=sf] cfwf/sf] bf]Aa/ lng] .
→ lbOPsf] rt'e'{hsf] If]qkmn;Fu a/fj/ x'g] lqe'hsf] /rgf ubf{ ;femf e'hfnfO{ bfofF jf afofFtkm{
/fVg] .
→ ;a} k|sf/sf] /rgfx?sf] gd"gf lrq agfO{ sIff–sf]7fsf] leQfdf 6fF; ug]{ .

Gff]6 M ljBfyL{ l;sfOsf nflu cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sg dfkb08 2080 k|of]u u/L Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo
;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\ .
lzIfssf nflu yk hfgsf/L
→ ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw (ICT) sf] k|of]u ug]{
→ Slides agfO{ k|:t'lt ug]{
→ GeoGebra Apps x¿sf] k|of]u ug]{
→ Math-Lab df nuL ;DalGwt lj|mofsnfk u/fpg]
 Kff7 12
j[Q (Circle)

kl/ro
b}lgs hLjgdf xfdLn] j[Qfsf/ j:t'x¿sf] k|of]u k|z:t dfqfdf ub{5f}F . HofldtLo cfsf/x¿dWo]
j[Qfsf/ klg Ps dxŒjk"0f{ cfsf/ xf] . xfdL x/]s lbg k|s[ltdf ePsf Pjd\ dfgj lgld{t j[Qfsf/
j:t'x¿ b]V5f}F . pbfx/0fsf nflu km"nx¿df j[Qsf s]Gb|, cfsfzdf b]lvg] j[Qfsf/ cfsf/x¿ / Kn]6,
6Lsf, r'/f, uf8Lsf] kfª\u|f cflb . To;sf/0f j[Q, HofldtLo cfwf/e"t cfsf/x¿dWo] Ps xf] h;nfO{
s'g} Pp6f lglZrt laGb'' -s]Gb|_ af6 ;dfg b'/Ldf /x]sf ;dtnsf ;a} laGb''x¿sf] ;d"xsf] ¿kdf
kl/eflift ul/G5 .
j[Qsf ljleGg efux¿ h:t} M s]Gb|, kl/lw, Jof; , cw{Jof;, hLjf, j[Qv08, If]qsf, rfk OToflbsf
af/]df / o;;Fu ;DalWft ;DaGwx¿ k|of]ufTds tyf ;}4flGts ¿kdf sIff 9 df g} ul/;lsPsf]
5.
o; PsfOdf j[Q;DaGwL ;fWox¿, ;f];Fu ;DalGwt ;d:ofx¿ / k|of]ufTds k/LIf0ffTds k/LIf0fdf
cfwfl/t ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ vf]lhPsf] 5 .
kf7\oj|mdcg';f/ o; kf7df b]xfoadf]lhdsf l;sfO pknlAwx¿ /x]sf 5g\ M
-s_ j[Qsf] s]Gb|Lo sf]0f, kl/lw sf]0f / tL sf]0f kl/j]li7t ug]{ rfklarsf] ;DaGw vf]hL ug{
-v_ Pp6} rfkdf cfwfl/t s]Gb|Lo sf]0f / kl/lw sf]0f tyf kl/lw sf]0fx¿larsf] ;DaGw
k|of]ufTds tyf ;}4flGts ¿kdf k'li6 ug{
-u_ rj|mLo rt'e'{hsf ;Dd'v sf]0fx¿larsf] ;DaGw k|of]ufTds / ;}4flGts ¿kdf k'li6 ug{
-3_ j[Qsf sf]0f / rfksf tYox¿;Fu ;DalGwt ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{
o; kf7sf nflu hDdf kf7\oj|mdnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ 10 cg'dflgt 306fsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
t;y{ o; kf7cGtu{t ;dfj]z kf7\of+zsf] ljefhg lgDgfg';f/ ul/Psf] 5 M
lzIf0f of]hgf÷kf7\of+z ljefhg
kf7oj:t'sf]
j|m=;= kf7oj:t' cg'dflgt 306f
;DalGwt k[i7
j[Qsf] ljleGg efu / ltgLx¿larsf ;DaGw
1. 1 221
tyf k'g/jnf]sg
s]Gb|Lo sf]0f, kl/lw sf]0fsf] kl/Rfo / tL
2. 2 221,222
sf]0fx¿sf] k|d'v rfksf] ;DaGw
Pp6} rfkdf cfwfl/t kl/lw sf]0f s]Gb|Lo sf]0fsf]
3. 1 223,224,232
;DaGw
4. cw{j[Qdf ag]sf] kl/lwsf] ;DaGw 1 225,226,232
 5. Pp6} rfkdf cfwfl/t kl/lw sf]0fx¿sf] ;DaGw 1 226,227
rj|mLo rt'{e'hsf] kl/efiff / rj|mLo rt'{e'hsf
6. 1 228,229,231
;Dd'v sf]0fx¿sf] ;DaGw
j[Qsf] cEof; / ldl>t cEof;df ePsf 231,233,234,2
7. 1
ul0ftLo ;d:of ;dfwfg 35
Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg tyf
8. 2 235
k|of]ufTds sfo{
hDdf 10

kf7 lzIf0f ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ kIfx¿

-s_ kf7;Fu ;DalGwt k"j{1fg j[Qv08
j[Qsf ljleGg efux¿ h:t} M hLjf
kl/lw
s]Gb|laGb'

Jof;

cw{Jof;
If]qs
af/]df 5nkmnsf dfWodaf6 j[Qsf] ;+/rgf / zAbfjnLsf] kl/ro u/fpg' kg]{
– j[Qsf] kl/lw / Jof;sf] ;DaGw
– rfk dfkg / rfk nDafOlarsf] leGgtf
-v_ ;Defljt unt a'emfO tyf cjwf/0ff
-l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ubf{ ljBfyL{n] clwstd ¿kn] ug]{ uNtLx¿_

klxnf] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ j[Qsf ljleGg efu / ltgLx¿larsf] ;DaGw klxrfg ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
rf6{k]k/, s}FrL, HofldtLo /rgfsf ;fdu|Lx¿
k"j{1fg k'g/fj[lQ lj|mofsnfk
ljBfyL{nfO{ cluNnf sIffdf cWoog u/]sf j[Qsf efux¿sf] zAbfjnL k'g/fj[lQ sfo{af6 ;'?
u/fpg'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 1
j[Qaf]8{sf] k|of]uaf6 j[Qsf ljleGg efux¿sf] wf/0ff lbg'xf];\ .

lj|mofsnfk – 2
-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ Pp6f rf6{k]k/df lglZrt cw{Jof; lbO{ j[Q lvRg nufpg'xf];\ .
-v_ ;f] rf6{k]k/nfO{ sF}rLn] sf6]/ j[Q lgsfNg nufpg'xf];\ .
-u_ To;nfO{ cfwf agfO{ k6\ofpg nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ k6\ofP/ vf]Nbf b]lvg] /]vfnfO{ s] elgG5, 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
-ª_ km]l/ ToxL j[QnfO{ 14 , 1
8
efudf k6\ofP/ vf]Ng nufpg'xf];\ .
-r_ k6\ofP/ Pp6f hLjf agfpg nufpg'xf];\ .
-5_ hLjf l7s cfwf x'g] u/L hLjfdf nDa x'g] u/L km]l/ k6\ofpg nufpg'xf]; / To;nfO{ vf]Ng
nufpg'xf];\ .
-h_ tL lj|mofsnfkx¿sf] syg n]Vg ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .

lj|mofsnfk – 3
-s_ dflysf lj|mofsnfkaf6 ljBfyL{nfO{ lgDglnlvt k|Zgx¿ /fVg'xf];\ .
i) j[Qsf] s]Gb|af6 hLjfdf /]lvt nDa / hLjfx¿sf] ;DaGw s] x'G5, n]Vg'xf];\ <
ii) j[Qsf] s]Gb|af6 hLjfsf] dWolaGb''df lvlrPsf] /]vf / pSt hLjflarsf] ;DaGw n]Vg'xf];\ .
iii) j[Qsf a/fa/ hLjfx¿;Fu s]Gb|laGb''sf] ;DaGw s] x'G5, n]Vg'xf];\ <
iv) j[Qsf] s]Gb|laGb''af6 a/fa/ b'/Ldf /x]sf hLjfx¿larsf] ;DaGw n]Vg'xf];\ .
d"Nofª\sg
-s_ lbOPsf] lrqdf AB / BC j[Qsf hLjf x'g\ . pSt lrqnfO{ sfkLdf 6]«; ug'{xf];\ / j[Qsf]
s]Gb|laGb'' kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
B C

-v_ olb Pp6f j[Qsf] cw{Jof; 10cm / Pp6f hLjfsf] nDafO 16cm eP s]Gb|laGb''b]lv pSt
hLjf;Ddsf] b'/L kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

bf];|f] / t];|f] lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ s]Gb|Lo sf]0f / kl/lw sf]0fsf] klxrfg ug{
-v_ j[Qsf] s]Gb|Lo sf]0f, kl/lw sf]0f / tL sf]0f kl/j]li7t ug]{ rfklarsf] ;DaGw vf]hL ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
s]Gb|Lo sf]0f / kl/lw sf]0f cªlst rf6{k]k/, ICT tools, mathsigon, GeoGebra j[Q af]8{

lj|mofsnfk 1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfcfˆgf] sfkLdf k]lG;n / sDkf;sf] k|of]u u/L s]Gb|laGb'' O ePsf] j[Q lvRg
nufpg'xf];\ .
-v_ pSt j[Qsf] kl/lwdf b'O{cf]6f laGb''x¿ A / B lng nufpg'xf];\ .
O
/ laGb'' A/ nfO{ s]Gb| O ;Fu

hf]8\g nufpg'xf];\ . (Fig I) A

B

-u_ kl/lwsf b'O{ laGb''x¿nfO{ s]Gb|;Fu hf]8\bf ag]sf] sf]0fsf] gfd n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ . (Fig I )
-3_ km]l/ ;f]xL j[Qsf] kl/lwdf Pp6f laGb'' P lng nufpg'xf];\ . (Fig II) / AP / BP Jof; j[Qsf
b'O{ hLjfx¿ hf]8\g nufpg'xf];\ .

-ª_ b'O{cf]6f hLjfx¿ kl/lwdf sfl6P/ ag]sf sf]0fsf] gfd n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
-r_ cGTodf dflysf lj|mofsnfkaf6 ljBfyL{nfO{ lgisif{ n]Vg ;xhLs/0f
Fig II
ug'{xf];\ .
lgisif{x¿
• b'O{cf]6f cy{Jof;n] s]Gb|df agfPsf] sf]0fnfO{ s]Gb|Lo sf]0f elgG5 . Fig 1 df  AOB

s]Gb|Lo sf]0f xf] .

• j[Qsf b'O{cf]6f hLjfx¿ kl/lwdf hf]l8P/ ag]sf] sf]0fnfO{ kl/lwsf] sf]0f elgG5 . Fig II df

 APB kl/lw sf]0f xf] .

lj|mofsnfk 2

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ O s]Gb|laGb'' ePsf] km]l/ Pp6f j[Q lvRg

nufpg'xf];\ / lrqdf b]vfP h:t} AB Pp6f hLjf lng nufpg'xf];\ .
-v_ oxfF j[Qsf] kl/lwsf] s]xL efunfO{ rfk (Arc) elgG5 egL lrqdf
APB / AB rfk x'g egL b]vfpg'xf];\ .
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ lrqsf] cjnf]sgaf6 lgDglnlvt s'/fx¿ k|:6\ofpg'xf];\ .
-3_ s'g} rfk cw{j[QeGbf ;fgf] ePdf Minro arc / cw{j[QeGbf 7'nf]] ePdf major arc elgG5 .
oxfF ̂ Major arc / AB
APB ̂ minor arc x'g\ egL b]vfpg'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk –3

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ s]Gb|laGb'' O ePsf] sDtLdf 3 cf]6f j[Q lvRg nufpg'xf];\ .

Fig I Fig II Fig III

-v_ ljBfyL{nfO{ lgDglnlvt k|Zgx¿ /fVb} ;xhLs/0f ub}{ hfg'xf];\ M
i) s]Gb|Lo sf]0f 1800 x'Fbf To;sf] ;Dd'v rfk pSt kl/lwsf] slt efu x'G5 <
ii) s]Gb|Lo sf]0f Ps j[Qsf] Ps rf}yfO x'Fbf, To;sf] ;Dd'v rfk pSt kl/lwsf] slt efu
x'G5 <
iii) s] s]Gb|Lo sf]0f / ;Dd'v rfklar k|ToIf ;DaGw 5 <
-u_ ljBfyL{nfO{ lrqsf] cjnf]sgaf6 k|:6 kfg'{xf];\, oxfF,  AOC ≡ AOC
̂ nfO{ rfk AC sf]

l8u|Ldf gfk egL k9\g] ul/G5 . s]Gb|Lo sf]0f / ;Dd'v rfklar k|ToIf ;DaGw x'G5 . oxfF
;ª\s]t ≡ nfO{ ;dk|efjL (Equal influence) eg]/ klg k9\g] ul/G5 .
lj|mofsnfk 4

-s_ k|To]s ljBfyL{nfO{ l;;fsnd / sDkf;sf] k|of]u u/L 'O'

ePsf] Pp6f j[Q lvRg nufpg'xf];\ .
-v_ lrqdf b]vfP h:t} O / C hf]8\g nufpg'xf];\ .

-u_ s] OA, OB / OC j[Qsf s] x'g\ < s] oL efux¿ a/fa/ x'G5g\ < k|Zg ug'{xf];\ .
-3_ To:t}  OAC /  OBC s:tf lqe'h x'g\ < oL lqe'hx¿sf s'g e'hfx¿ / s'g sf]0fx¿
a/fa/ x'G5g\ < 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
-ª_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;xhLs/0f ub}{ lgDg lj|mofsnfkx¿ 5nkmnsf dfWodaf6 clu a9fpg'xf];\ . oxfF,
;dl4afx'  OAC df ,
 OAC +  OCA +  AOC = 180
= 2 OCA = 180 -  AOC --- (i) [ OAC =  OCA]
km]l/ ;dl4afx'  OBC df,
 OCB +  OBC +  BOC = 180
= 2  OCB = 180 - BOC --- (ii) [ OCB =  OBC]
;dLs/0f (i) / (ii) nfO{ hf]8\g nufpg'xf];\ .
= 2 ( OCA +  OCB) = 360 - ( AOC +  BOC)
= 2  ACB = 360 - a[xt  AOB
= 2  ACB =  AOB
̂
= 2  ACB ≡ AB
-r_ cGTodf ljBfyL{nfO{ lgisif{ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
lgisif{
kl/lwsf] sf]0fsf] bf]Aa/ / ;Dd'v rfklarsf] ;DaGw ;dk|efjL x'G5 . o;nfO{ ;ª\s]tdf
2  ACB ≡ AB n] hgfOG5 .

d"Nofª\sg
-s_ lbOPsf] lrqdf O j[Qsf] s]Gb|laGb' eP, lgDg k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/
lbg'xf];\ .
i) j[Qsf] s]Gb|Lo sf]0fsf] kl/efiff n]Vg'xf];\ .
ii) s]Gb|Lo sf]0f  MON / ;ª\ult rfk MN larsf] ;DaGw n]Vg'xf];\ .
iii) olb  MON = 60 eP rfk MN larsf] ;DaGw n]Vg'xf];\ .
iv) j[Qsf] kl/lw sf]0fsf] gfk / kl/efiff n]Vg'xf];\ .
v) kl/lw sf]0f / ;ª\utL rfklarsf] ;DaGw pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .

u[xsfo{
-c_ j[Qsf ljleGg efux¿sf] lrq;lxt kl/eflift ug'{xf];\ .
-cf_ s]Gb|Lo sf]0f / kl/lw sf]0fsf] ;DaGw / ltgLx¿;Fu ;DalGwt rfk tyf hLjfx¿sf] ;DaGw
k|:6\ofpg] u/L sfuhsf df]8]nx¿ tof/ kfg'{xf];\ .

rf}yf] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ Pp6} rfkdf cfwfl/t s]Gb|Lo sf]0f / kl/lw sf]0fsf] ;DaGw kQf nufpg

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
HofldtLo ;fdu|Lx¿, sf8{af]8{, rf6{k]k/

lj|mofsnfk –2

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;ª\Vofsf cfwf/df cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xsf ljBfyL{nfO{ Pp6f sf8{af]8{sf] 6'j|mf lbO{ lbOPsf] h:tf] lrq
z}Ifl0fs kf6Ldf agfO{ pgLx¿nfO{ sf8{af]8{df lvRg nufpg'xf];\ .
-u_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ sf]0f B a/fa/sf] 2 cf]6f 6'j|mf lgsfNg nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ pSt kl/lwsf]0fsf] b'O{ 6'j|mfnfO{ sf]0f AOC df lkm6 ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-ª_ pSt k/LIf0faf6 ljBfyL{nfO{ lgisif{ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .

Pp6} rfkdf cfwfl/t b'O{cf]6f kl/lwsf]0f a/fa/ Pp6f s]Gb|Lo sf]0f x'g] /x]5 .

lj|mofsnfk –2

-s_ k|of]ufTds r/0fdf k|To]s ljBfyL{nfO{ k]lG;n / sDkf;sf] ;xfotfn] s]Gb|OL sf]0f rfFbn]
gfKg ldNg] u/L 3 cm eGbf a9L cw{Jof; lnP/ Pp6} rfkdf cwfl/t kl/lw sf]0f / s]Gb|Lo
sf]0f lvRg nufpg'xf];\ .

-v_ rfFbsf] k|of]u u/L sf]0f AOB / sf]0f ACB gfkL tnsf] tflnsfdf eg{ nufpg'xf];\ .
lrq g+=  ACB  AOB glthf
I

II

III

-u_ dflysf] k|of]ufTds k/LIf0faf6 s] lgisif{ lgl:sof] < sIffdf k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / s]
;a}sf] Pp6} lgisif{ cfof] < 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk –3

-s_ Pp6} rfkdf cfwfl/t kl/lw sf]0fsf] dfg s]Gb|Lo sf]0fsf] cfwf x'G5 . cyf{t\ s]Gb|Lo sf]0f
kl/lw sf]0fsf] b'O{ u'0ff x'G5 eGg] dflysf] lj|mofsnfksf] lgisif{nfO{ lgDg r/0fx¿ ckgfO{
;}4flGts k|dfl0ft ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
r/0f I : ;d:ofsf] klxrfg
k|To]s ljBfyL{nfO{ k]lG;n / sDkf;sf] dbtn], 'O' s]Gb|laGb' ePsf] j[[Q
lvRg nufpg'xf];\ . h;df s]Gb|Lo sf]0f  BOC / kl/lw sf]0f  BAC

Pp6} rfk BC df /x]sf 5g\ .

k|dfl0ft ug'{kg]{ M  BOC = 2  BAC
r/0f II : of]hgf lgdf{0f
pSt ;fWo xn ug{ cfjZos k/]df h'lSt jf /rgf ug'{kg]{ wf/0ff lbg]
/rgf M laGb''x¿ A/ O nfO{ hf]8L laGb' O ;Dd nDAofpg'xf];\ .
r/0f III : of]hgf sfof{Gjog
o; r/0fdf ;}4flGts k|df0fnfO{ lgisif{df k|:6fpg' tYo / sf/0fnfO{ j|mda4 n]Vg
ljBfyL{nfO{ nufpg'xf];\ .

tYox¿ sf/0fx¿
1.  OAB =  OBA 1. OA / OB j[Qsf cw{Jof; ePsfn]

2.  BOD =  OAB +  OBA 2. AOB df OA nfO{ nDAofpFbf aGg] aflx/L sf]0f

3.  BOD = 2  OAB 3. tYo (1) / (2) af6
4.  AOC df  OAC =  OCA 4. OA / OC j[Qsf cw{Jof; ePsfn]
5.  COD =  OCA +  OAC 5.  AOC df OA nfO{ nDAofpFbf aGg] aflx/L sf]0f
6.  COD = 2  OAC 6. 4 / 5 af6

7. BOD + COD = 2OAB + 2OAC 7. 3 / 6 nfO{ hf]8\bf

ctM BOC = 2BAC

r/0f IV : kl/0ffdnfO{ hfFr

ts{k"0f{ tYox¿nfO{ Ps k6s bf]xf]¥ofP/ x]g{ nufpg'xf];\ / k[i7 g= 224 sf] ;fWo 1 tl/sfaf6
ug{ klg k|f]T;flxt ug'{xf];\ .

d"Nofª\sg
-c_ s]Gb|laGb' O ePsf] j[Qdf Pp6} rfk AB df cfwfl/t s]Gb|Lo sf]0f  AOB / kl/lwsf]
sf]0f  ACB 5g\ .
i)  AOB /  ACB sf] ;DaGw
ii) olb s]Gb|Lo sf]0fsf] gfk (7x) / kl/lw sf]0fsf] gfk (3x + 5)

eP x sf] dfg slt x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 232 sf] cEof; 12 sf] 1 sf] -u_ -3_ / 3 sf] -s_ sf ;d:of ;dfwfg
ug'{xf];\ .
 kfFrf}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ cw{ j[Qdf ag]sf] kl/lwsf]sf]0f Ps ;dsf]0f x'G5 egL k|of]ufTds k/LIf0f ug{ / ;}4flGts
k|dfl0ft ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-v_ cw{ j[Qdf ag]sf] kl/lw sf]0f;DaGwL ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
HofldtLo ;fdu|L, rf6{ k]k/

lj|mofsnfk –2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ rf6{k]k/df k]lG;n / sDkf;sf] ;xfotfn] 'O' s]Gb|laGb' ePsf sDtLdf 2

cf]6f j[Q lvRg nufpg'xf];\ . -km/s km/s cw{Jof; ePsf_

(i) (ii)
-u_ j[Qsf] Jof; AB df cfwfl/t eP/ kl/lw sf]0f  ACB lvRg nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ rfFbsf] ;xfotfn]  ACB sf] dfg tflnsfdf eg{ nufpg'xf];\ .
lrq g=  ACB kl/0ffd
i)

ii)

lgisif{
-ª_ dflysf] tflnsfsf cfwf/df tnsf k|Zgdf 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
i) k|To]s ljBfyL{sf] k|of]ufTds k/LIf0faf6 s] lgisif{ lgl:sof] <
ii) ;a} ljBfyL{sf] Pp6} lgisif{ cfof] jf km/s cfof] <
lgisif{ M cw{j[Qdf ag]sf] sf]0f Ps ;dsf]0f cyf{t\ 90 x'G5 .
lj|mofsnfk –2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ k]lG;n / sDkf;sf] ;xfotfn] s]Gb| laGb' O ePsf] j[Q lvRg nufpg'xf];\ .
h;df AOB j[Qsf] Jof; klg lvRg nufpg'xf];\ .
-u_  ACB Jof;df cfwfl/t kl/lw sf]0f lvRg nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ ca Jof; AB df cfwfl/t kl/lw sf]0f  ACB sf] dfg Ps ;dsf]0f
cyf{t\ 90 x'G5 eGg] tYonfO{ ;}4flGts ljlwaf6 k|dfl0ft ug{ ;d"xdf
5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ / cfjZostfcg';f/ ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
-ª_ ljBfyL{nfO{ kf7\ok':tssf] k]h g= 226 sf] lj|mofsnfk 5 cGtu{t -cf_ eGbf km/s
tl/sfaf6 k|dfl0ft ug{ pTk|]l/t u/fpg'xf];\ . olb ljBfyL{n] km/s tl/sfn] ug{ g;s]df
kf7\ok':tssf] k]h g= 226 cg';f/ k|dfl0ft ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
yfxf lbOPsf]
s]Gb|laGb' O ePsf] j[Qdf AOB j[Qsf] Jof; xf] .  ACB Jof;;f

cfwfl/t kl/lw sf]0f xf] .

k|df0flt ug'{ kg]{ M  ACB = 90

tYox¿ sf/0fx¿
1 1. kl/lwsf] sf]0f s]Gb|Lo sf]0fsf] cfwf x'G5 .
1.  ACB = AOB
2

2.  AOB = 180o 2.  AOB l;wfsf]0f ePsfn]

1
3.  ACB = 2 180o 3. tYo (1) / (2) af6 k|dfl0ft eof] .

d"Nofª\sg
1. tnsf j[Qx¿df s]Gb|laGb'' O 5 eg] sf]0fx¿sf] dfg kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

 ABC = ? x=? x=?

2. s]Gb| O ePsf] j[Qdf AB Aof; 5/  ACB Pp6f kl/lw sf]0f ag]sf] 5 .

i)  ACB sf] gfk slt xf]nf <
 ii) lrqdf  BAC = 35o /  ABC = x eP  ABC sf] dfg
slt x'G5 kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
iii) olb AC = 4 cm / BC = 3 cm eP  ABC sf] If]qkmn slt x'G5 <
iv) cw{j[Q ACB df ag]sf] kl/lw sf]0f Ps ;dsf]0f x'G5 egL k|of]uåf/f l;4 ug'{xf];\ .
5}6f}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ Pp6} rfkdf cfwfl/t kl/lwsf sf]0fx¿sf] ;DaGw kQf nufpg

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
HofldtLo ;fdu|L, rf6{k]k/, sF}rL, ICT

lj|mofsnfk –1

cjnf]s/0f r/0f M
-s_ ljBfyL{sf] ;ª\Vofsf cfwf/df ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .
-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps Pscf]6f rf6{k]k/ lbg'xf];\ .
-u_ lrqdf b]vfOP h:t} u/L j[Qdf kl/lw sf]0fx¿ lvRg nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ s}FrLsf] ;xfotfn] Pp6f kl/lw sf]0fnfO{ s6]/ csf]{ sf]0fdf vK6fpg
nufpg'xf];\ .
-ª_ o;sf cfwf/df k|To]s ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L lgisif{ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk –2

k|of]ufTds r/0f
-s_ k|To]s ljBfyL{nfO{ km/s km/s gfk ePsf b'O{cf]6f j[Qx¿df Pp6} rfkdf cfwfl/t kl/lw
sf]0fx¿ lvRg nufpg'xf];\ .

(i) (ii)
-v_ rfFbsf] ;xfotfn] ;xL gfk tflnsfdf n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
Fig  ABC  ADC glthf
(i)
(ii)
-u_ lgisif{ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ dflysf] k|of]ufTds k/LIf0faf6 s] lgisif{ lgl:sof] < sIffdf k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . s]
;a}sf] Pp6} lgisif{ cfof] < 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk –2

;}4flGts r/0f
-s_ o;/L Pp6} rfkdf cfwfl/t kl/lwsf sf]0fx¿ a/fa/ x'G5g\ eGg] wf/0ff lgdf{0fkl5 lgDg
r/0fx¿ ckgfO{ ;}4flGts k|dfl0ft ug{ ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
r/0f I : ;d:ofsf] klxrfg
yfxf lbOPsf] M s]Gb| O ePsf] Pp6f j[Q 5,
h;df  ACB /  ADB Pp6} rfk AB df cfwfl/t ePsf 5g\ .
k|dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{ M  ACB =  ADB

r/0f II : of]hgf lgdf{0f

pSt ;fWo ;dfwfg ug{ olb cfjZos k/]df h'lSt jf /rgf ug'{kg]{ wf/0ff lbg'xf];\ .
/rgf M j[Qsf] s]Gb| O nfO{ laGb''x¿ A / B ;Fu j|md};Fu hf]8f}F .
r/0f III : of]hgf sfof{Gjog
o; r/0fdf ljBfyL{nfO{ lgisif{df k'¥ofpg HofldtLo ;fWonfO{ k|dfl0ft ug{ tYo / sf/0fx¿ j|mda4
n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
k|df0f
tYox¿ sf/0fx¿
1.  AOB = 2 ACB 1. Pp6} rfk AB df cfwfl/t kl/lwsf] sf]0f / s]Gb|Lo sf]0fsf]
;DaGw
2.  AOB = 2  ADB 2. sf/0f 1 h:t}
3. 2  ACB = 2  ADB 3. tYo 1 / 2 af6
∴  ACB =  ADB

r/0f III : kl/0ffdsf] hfFr

ts{k"0f{ tYox¿nfO{ Ps k6s bf]xf]¥ofP/ x]g{ nufpg'xf];\ / o;nfO{ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 227 sf]
;fWo 2 eGbf km/s tl/sfn] ug{ klg k|f]T;flxt ug'{xf];\ .
d"Nofª\sg
-s_ lbOPsf] j[Qdf kl/lw sf]0fx¿  ABC /  ADC Pp6} rfk AC

df cfwfl/t 5g\ .
i)  ABC /  ADC larsf] ;DAGw n]Vg'xf];\ .
ii) olb  ABC = (5x + 15)o /  ADC = (3x + 21)o eP  ADC sf] gfk kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
{ f]6f j[Qx¿ lvrL  ABC /  ADC larsf] ;DaGw k|of]ufTds ¿kdf k/LIf0f ug'{xf];\ .
b'Oc

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 232 sf] cEof; 12 sf] 1 sf] -s_, -v_, -ª_, -r_ / k|Zg g= 3 sf] -v_
;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

;ftf}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ rj|mLo rt'e{'hsf] kl/efiff lbg
-v_ rj|mLo rt'e'{hsf ;Dd'v sf]0fx¿larsf] ;DaGw kQf nufpg

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
HofldtLo ;fdu|Lx¿, rf6{k]k/, s}FrL, rj|mLo rt'e'{hsf rf6{x¿, ICT

lj|mofsnfk 1

cjnf]sg r/0f
-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;ªVofsf cfwf/df ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .
-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps Pscf]6f rf6{k]k/ lbg'xf];\ .
-u_ 'O' s]Gb| ePsf] j[Q lvRg nufpg'xf];\ / pSt j[Qsf] kl/lwdf laGb''x¿
A , B , C / D lng nufpg'xf];\ . j|mdzM laGb''x¿ A/ B,B/ C,C /
D h;df rf/ zLif{laGb'x¿ j[Qsf] kl/lwdf /x]sf 5g\, o;nfO{ rj|mLo rt'e'{h elgG5 eGg]
wf/0ff lgdf{0f ug]{ .
-3_ ljBfyL{nfO{ rf6{k]k/df j[Q agfpg nufO{ j[Q sf6]/ lrq g= 1 df h:t} rj|mLo rt'e'{h
lgdf{0f ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-ª_ lbOPsf] lrqdf rj|mLo rt'e'{hsf] ;Dd'v sf]0fx¿  ABC /  ADC sf6]/ lrq g+= ii df
ldnfpg nufpg'xf];\ .
-r_ lbOPsf] lrqdf kl/lwsf] sf]0f  B /  D ldnfpFbf l;wf /]vfdf kg]{ wf/0ff lbg]
-5_ ljBfyL{nfO{ lgisif{ n]Vg nufpg]

lj|mofsnfk 2

k|of]ufTds r/0f
-s_ k|To]s ljBfyL{nfO{ k]lG;n / sDkf;sf] ;xfotfn] km/s km/s cw{Jof; ePsf sDtLdf @
cf]6f rj|mLo rt'e'{h lvRg nufpg'xf];\ .

(I) (II)

-v_ rfFbsf] ;xfotfn] j[Qdf ag]sf kl/lw sf]0fx¿sf] ;xL gfk lnO{ tflnsfdf eg{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-u_ k/LIf0f ug'{kg]{ M (i)  A +  C = 180o (ii)  B +  D = 180o

tflnsf
lrq g= A C glthf lrq g= B D glthf
I I

II II

-3_ lgisif{ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .

-ª_ dflysf] k|of]ufTds k/LIf0faf6 s] lgisif{ lgl:sof] < sIffdf k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ ls
;a}sf] Pp6} lgisif{ cfof] 5nkmn ug{ nufpg'x]f;\ .
lgisif{ M  A +  C = 180o /  B +  D = 180o ePsf]n] rj|mLo rt'e'{hsf] ;Dd'v sf]0fx¿
kl/k"/s x'G5g\ .
lj|mofsnfk –3

;}4flGts r/0f
-s_ o;/L rj|mLo rt'e'{hsf ;Dd'v sf]0fx¿ kl/k"/s x'G5g\ eGg] wf/0ff lgdf{0fkl5 lgDg
r/0fx¿ ckgfO{ ;}4flGts k|dfl0ft ug{ ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
r/0f I : ;d:ofsf] kl/rfg
yfxf lbOPsf] af6 M s]Gb|laGb' O ePsf] j[Q / rj|mLo rt'e'{h ABCD 5 .
k|dfl0ft ug'{kg]{ M  ABC +  ADC = 180o
 BCD +  BAD = 180o
r/0f II : of]hgf lgdf{0f
pSt ;fWo ;dfwfg ug{ olb cfjZos k/]df h'lSt jf /rgf ug'{kg]{ wf/0ff lbg'xf];\ .
/rgf M laGb''x¿ A / C nfO{ j[Qsf] s]Gb| O ;Fu hf]8f}F .
r/0f III : of]hgf sfof{Gjog
o; r/0fdf ljBfyL{nfO{, lgisif{df k'¥ofpg HofldtLo ;d:ofnfO{ k|dfl0ft ug{ tYo / sf/0fx¿
j|mda4 n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
k|df0fM

tYox¿ sf/0fx¿
1. clwssf]0f  AOC = 2  ADC 1. Pp6} rfk ABC df cfwfl/t s]Gb|Lo
sf]0f / kl/lwsf] sf]0f
2. j[xtsf]0f  AOC = 2  ABC 2. Pp6} rfk ADC df cfwfl/t s]Gb|Lo
sf]0f / kl/lwsf] sf]0f
3. 2  ADC + 2  ABC = clws sf]0f AOC + 3. tYo 1 / 2 af6 / ;/n ubf{
a[xt\ sf]0f AOC
2 ( ADC +  ABC) = 360o
360o
 ADC +  ABC = 2 = 180o

 ADC +  ABC = 180o

4. o;} u/L  DAB +  DCB = 180o 4. dflys} h:t} u/L
r/0f IV : kl/0ffdnfO{ hfFr
ts{k"0f{ tYox¿nfO{ Ps k6s bf]xf]¥ofP/ x]g{ nufpg'xf];\ / o;nfO{ kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 228 /
229 df sf] ;fWo 3 eGbf km/s tl/sfn] ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug'{xf];\ .
-v_ kf7\ok':tssf] k]h g= 231 sf] pbfx/0f 25 ug{ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
d"Nofªsg
-c_ lbOPsf] lrqdf ABCD Pp6f rlqmo rt'e'{h xf] eg]
i)  ABC /  ADC sf] ;DaGw n]Vg'xf];\ .
1
ii)  ADC = 2  AOC x'G5 egL k|dfl0ft ug'{xf];\ .
iii) olb ABC = 120o eP,  AOC sf] dfg slt x'G5 < kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 223 sf] 3 g+= sf] -u_, -3_ sf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

cf7f}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ j[Qfsf/ ;fWox¿ k|of]u u/L ljleGg ul0ftLo ;}4flGts ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf rf6{k]k/x¿
lj|mofsnfk 1

-s_ sIffdf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps Pscf]6f rf6{k]k/df n]lvPsf k|Zgx¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L k|Zgsf pQ/ sfkLdf n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ / cfjZostfcg';f/
;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1. lrqdf b]vfOPsf] s]Gb|laGb'' O ePsf] j[Qdf SH Jof; xf] . S, I, H / U kl/lwsf laGb''x¿ hxfF
OL ⊥ SH 5 .
-c_  SUH sf] gfk slt x'G5 < sf/0f;lxt n]Vg'xf];\ .
-cf_ k|dfl0ft ug'{xf];\ M  SIU =  OLS

-O_ olb  USH = 50° eP SIU sf] gfk slt x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
pQ/x¿M
-c_  SUH = 90° [cw{j[Qdf ag]sf] sf]0f Ps ;dsf]0f x'g] ePsfn] ]
-cf_ k|dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{ M  SIU =  OLS

tYox¿ sf/0fx¿
1.  SUH = 90° cw{j[Qdf ag]sf] sf]0f 90° x'g] ePsfn]
2.  SHU /  SOL df b'j} sf]0f 90° x'g] ePsfn]
i.  SUH =  SOL b'j} lqe'hsf] ;femf sf]0f x'gfn]
ii.  USH =  LSO lqe'hsf] afFsL sf]0f a/fa/ x'gfn]
iii.  SHU =  OLS
3.  SHU =  SIU Pp6} rfk ̂
SU df ag]sf] kl/lw sf]0f
4.  OLS =  SIU tYo 2 (iii) / 3 af6
 SIU =  OLS k|dfl0ft eof] .
-O_  USH = 50°
 SIU = ?
1.  SHU df

=  USH +  SHU +  HUS = 180° [ lqe'hsf leqL sf]0fsf] of]ukmn 180° x'gfn]]
= 50° +  SHU + 90° = 180°
=  SHU = 180° - 140°
=  SHU = 40°

2.  SIU =  SHU [ Pp6} ̂ df ag]sf] kl/lw sf]0f ]

rfk SU
  SIU = 40°
v_ lbOPsf] lrqdf PQRS Pp6f ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h eP UTRS Pp6f rj|mLo rt'e'{h xf] egL
k|dfl0ft ug'{xf];\ .
yfxf lbOPsf] M PQRS Pp6f ;dfgfGt/ rt'e'{h 5 .
k|dfl0ft ug'{kg]{ M UTRS Pp6f rj|mLo rt'e'{h xf] .

k|df0f
tYo sf/0fx¿
1.  PSR =  PQR ;=r= PQRS sf] ljkl/t sf]0f a/fa/ x'gfn]
2.  PQR =  PUT ̂ df ag]sf] kl/lw sf]0f
Pp6} rfk PT
3.  PSR =  PUT tYo 1 / 2 af6
4.  PUT +  UTR = 180° RT // SU, j|mdfut leqL sf]0f x'gfn]
5.  PSR +  UTR = 180° tYo 3 / 4 af6
6. UTRS Pp6f rj|mLo rt'e'{h eof] . tYo 5af6 rt'e'{hsf] ljkl/t sf]0f 180° x'gfn] .
k|dfl0ft eof] .

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 233, 234 / 235 sf] cEof; 12 sf] k|Zg g= 4 b]lv 8 ;Ddsf k|Zgx¿
;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .
gjf}F / b;f}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ j[Qsf efusf kl/efiff / ;fWo;DaGwL Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ tyf k|of]ufTds
sfo{ ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
HofldtLo ;fdu|L, rf6{k]k/, dl;gf] wfuf], tf/, 6«]l;ª k]k/
lj|mofsnfk 1

-s_ sIffdf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:of ;dfwfg tyf k|of]ufTds sfo{sf] ljj/0f n]vL Ps
Pscf]6f rf6{k]k/ lbg'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1. s]Gb|Lo sf]0f / kl/lw sf]0fsf] ;DaGw / ltgLx¿;Fu ;DalGwt rfk tyf hLjfx¿sf] ;DaGw
k|:6\ofpg] u/L sfuhsf df]8]nx¿ agfpg'xf];\ .
2. s]Gb|x¿ j|mdzM X/ Y ePsf b'O{ a/fa/ j[Qx¿ ABP / CDQ lvRg'xf];\ . a/fa/
rfkx¿ AB / CD agfO{ hLjfx¿ AB / CD hf]8\g'xf];\ . AB / CD gfKg'xf];\ / cfPsf]
glthfnfO{ tflnsfdf eg'{xf];\ .
-c_ s] hLjf AB = hLjf CD 5 <
-cf_ s] hLjf AB / CD n] s]Gb|df agfPsf sf]0fx¿ a/fa/ 5g\ <
-O_ s] hLjf AB n] j[Qsf] kl/lwdf agfPsf] sf]0f s]Gb|Lo sf]0fsf] cfwf 5 .
-u_ k|To]s ;d"xn] tof/ kf/]sf] sfo{nfO{ kfn}kfnf] sIffsf]7fdf k|:t't ug{ nufpgxf];\ ।

-3_ cGTodf ljBfyL{sf] k|:t'lt / cfcfkm\gf] ;d"xsf] ;lj|motfsf cfwf/df d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\ .
Gff]6M ljBfyL{ l;sfOsf nflu cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sg dfkb08 2080 k|of]u u/L Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo
;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\ .
 kf7 13
tYofª\szf:q (Statistics)

kl/ro
tYofª\szf:q tYofª\s ;ª\sng, ;ª\u7, ljZn]if0f, JofVof, / k|:t'tLs/0fdf s]lG›t ul0ftsf] Ps
zfvf xf] . o;n] JolStnfO{ ;ª\VofTds hfgsf/Lsf] cy{k"0f{ lgisif{ lgsfNg ;Ifd agfpF5 . o;
kf7df tYofª\ssf d'Vo cjwf/0ffx¿dWo] dWos, dlWosf, l/t, / rt'yf{Fzx¿ ;dfj]z 5g\ .
dWosnfO{ cf};t klg elgG5 . o;n] s'g} klg tYofª\ssf ;d"xsf] s]G›Lo k|j[lQsf]
k|ltlglwTj ub{5 . of] ;a} dfgx¿ hf]8]/ / dfgx¿sf] s'n ;ª\Vofn] efu u/]/ u0fgf ul/G5 .
dlWosf tYofª\s ;d"xsf] dWo dfg xf] . dWos tYofª\snfO{ a9\bf] jf 36\bf] j|mddf Jojl:yt ul/G5
/ kQf nufOG5 . olb ToxfF dfgx¿sf] ;dfg ;ª\Vof 5 eg], dlWosf b'O{ dWo dfgx¿sf] cf};t xf]
. l/tn] tYofª\ssf ;d"xdf ;a}eGbf w]/} k6s bf]xf]l/Psf] dfgnfO{ hgfpF5 .
rt'yf{Fzx¿n] tYofª\ssf ;d"xnfO{ rf/ a/fa/ efux¿df ljefhg ub{5 . k|To]sdf 25 % tYofª\s
;dfj]z x'G5g\ . klxnf] rt'y{s -Q1_ n] 25 cf}F k|ltztnfO{ k|ltlglwTj ub{5, bf];|f] rt'yf{Fz -Q2_
dlWosf xf], / t];|f] rt'yf{Fz -Q3_ n] 75 cf}+ k|ltztnfO{ k|ltlglwTj ub{5 .
oL cjwf/0ffx¿n] ljBfyL{nfO{ tYofª\ssf] JofVof ug{, dfgx¿ t'ngf ug{, / ljleGg ljifox¿df
lgisif{ lgsfNg dbt ub{5 . o; kf7df ;"qx¿ k|of]u u/L ljleGg cljlR5Gg tYofª\sx¿sf dWos,
dlWosf, l/t Pjd\ rt'yf{Fzx¿ tyf s]xL zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ xn ul/g] 5 .
o; kf7sf nflu kf7\oj|mdn] tf]s]sf l;sfO pknlAw lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M
-s_ tYofª\saf6 s]Gb|Lo k|j[lQsf dfkg / rt'yf{Fzx¿ kQf nufpg
o; kf7sf nflu hDdf kf7\oj|mdnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ 15 cg'dflgt 306fsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . t;y{
o; kf7cGtu{t ;dfj]z kf7of+zsf] ljefhg lgDgfg';f/ ul/Psf] 5 M
cg'dflgt kf7\ok':tssf]
j|m=;= kf7\oj:t'
306f ;DalGwt k[i7
1. cª\sul0ftLo dWos ;DalGwt ;d:ofx¿ 3 239 – 248

2.
dWos;Fu ;DalGwt Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg 2
sfo{
cljlR5Gg tYofª\ssf] dlWosf;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿ 249 – 252 ,
3. 2
257 – 258
4. dlWosf;DaGwL yk ;d:ofx¿ 1 253 , 257 – 258
5. cljlR5Gg tYofª\ssf] l/t 2 259 – 261

6.
rt'yf{Fzsf] kl/ro k'g/jnf]sg / s]xL zflAbs 2 261 – 266 , 268
k|Zgf]Q/
7. rt'yf{Fz ;DalGwt yk ;d:ofx¿ 1 267 , 269

8.
dlWosf / rt'yf{Fz;Fu ;DalGwt Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ 2
;dfwfg sfo{
hDdf 15
 l;sfO{ ;xhLs/0f ubf{ ;Defljt unt a'emfO tyf cjwf/0ffx¿df k|i6 kfg'{xf];\ M
- 5/k:6 ¿kdf cfPsf tYofª\sx¿nfO{ plrt juf{Gt/cg';f/ cljlR5Gg >]0fLj|md tof/ ug{
;d:of, h:t}M 12, 13, 11, 10, 15, 8, 20, 21, 24 df cljlR5Gg juf{Gt/ 0 – 10, 10 – 20, 20 –

30 cflb lng] xf] eg] tYofª\sx¿ 10 / 20 jf:tjdf s'g juf{Gt/df kb{5 egL klxrfg ug{
;d:of /x]sf] kfOG5 .
- cljlR5Gg >]0fL j|mddf /x]sf tYofª\sx¿sf] juf{Gt/sf] dWodfg kQf nufpg ;d:of x'g],
- dWos Pjd\ l/t h:t} dlWosf tyf rt'yf{Fz kQf nufpFbf lbOPsf] cljlR5Gg >]0fLj|md olb
j|mlds a9\bf] j|mddf gePsf] v08df ;f]e}m dfgx¿ kQf nufpg] sfo{ ubf{ w]/} uNtL x'g] .
- ;"qx¿sf] 5gf]6 Pjd\ k|of]udf ;d:of x'g] .

klxnf] / bf];|f] lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ cª\sul0ftLo dWos;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{
z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{x¿
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ljBfyL{nfO{ lbOPsf] tYofª\ssf dWos kQf nufpg nufO{ pSt dfgnfO{ JofVof ug{
nufpg'xf];\ .
20 , 10 , 30 , 40 , 80 , 60 , 110 , 90

lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ tnsf] rf6{ k|:t't u/L plNnlvt k|Zgx¿df 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
-v_ ljBfyL{lar rf6{df ePsf a'Fbfx¿ 5nkmn u/fpFbf cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
>L dª\un df=lj= df cfwf/e"t txdf cWoog ug]{ s]xL ljBfyL{sf] pd]/ -jif{_ tn lbOPsf]
5M
13 , 12 , 19 , 15 , 16 , 14 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 10 , 11 , 15 ,
17 , 14 , 12 , 13 , 10 , 11 , 14 , 16 , 15 , 16 , 15 , 14 , 11 , 14 , 12
1= ljBfyL{sf] cf};t pd]/ slt /x]5 <
2= slt hgf ljBfyL{sf] pd]/ cf};t pd]/eGbf sd / a9L /x]5 <
3= dfly lbOPsf] tYofª\ssf cfwf/df dlWosf, klxnf] / t];|f] rt'yf{Fz kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
4= ;a}eGbf w]/} slt hgf ljBfyL{sf] ;dfg pd]/ /x]5 < o;nfO{ s] elgG5 <
lj|mofsnfk – 3

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ ljBfyL{df s]xL ;do cljlR5Gg >]0fLsf af/]df 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
-u_ j}olSts tYofª\snfO{ s;/L cljlR5Gg >]0fLdf JoSt ug{ ;lsG5 ;f]af/] klg s]xL ;do
5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
-3_ ljBfyL{lar cljlR5Gg >]0fLdf ePsf tYofª\sx¿sf] dWos kQf nufpg] ;"q pbfx/0f;lxt
5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
∑f m
-c_ k|ToIf ljlwaf6 dWos lgsfNbf (𝑥̅) =
N
∑ fd
-cf_ 5f]6s/L ljlwaf6 dWos lgsfNbf (𝑥̅) = A + N
hxfF,

x = tYofª\s f = tYofª\ssf] af/Daf/tf

N = ∑f m = dWodfg
k|Zgx¿
-c_ olb ∑ f m = 3250 / ∑ f = N = 25 eP dWos kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
oxfF,
∑ f m = 3250 / ∑ f = N = 25
∑f m
∴ (𝑥̅) =
N
 3250
=
25
= 130
-cf_ olb A = 150 , ∑ f d = 250 / ∑ f = N = 20 eP dWos kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
oxfF, A = 150 , ∑ f d = 250 / ∑ f = N = 20
∑ fd
∴ (𝑥̅) =A+
N
250
= 150 + 20

= 162.5
-O_ >L dx]Gb|f]bo df=lj= sf] sIff 9 df cWoog/t ljBfyL{sf] klxnf] q}dfl;s k/LIffdf ul0ft
ljifodf k|fKt ePsf k|fKtfª\s lbOPsf] 5 .
42 , 48 , 42 , 53 , 58 , 62 , 72 , 61 , 31 , 26 ,
55 , 64 , 58 , 48 , 38 , 12 , 17 , 28 , 38 , 39 ,
58 , 62 , 74 , 71 , 68 , 54 , 59 , 42 , 43 , 38
i_ lbOPsf] tYofª\snfO{ 10/10 sf] >]0fL cGt/ lnOPsf] cljlR5Gg >]0fLdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
ii_ k|fKt tYofª\ssf cfwf/df pSt ljBfnosf] cf};t k|fKtfª\s kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
i_ oxfF,
lbOPsf] tYofª\snfO{ 10/10 sf] >]0fL cGt/ lnOPsf] cljlR5Gg >]0fL tflnsfdf k|:t't ubf{,
o; tYofª\sdf ;a}eGbf ;fgf] k|fKtfª\s 12 / ;a}eGbf 7'nf]] k|fKtfª\s 72 ePsfn] klxnf] >]0fL
10 – 20 / clGtd >]0fL 70 – 80 x'G5 .

k|fKtfª\s 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60 60 – 70 70 – 80
ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof 2 2 5 6 7 5 3

ii_ oxfF,
k|fKtfª\s dWodfg (m) ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof (f) fm
10 – 20 15 2 30
20 – 30 25 2 50
30 – 40 35 5 175
40 – 50 45 6 270
50 – 60 55 7 385
60 – 70 65 5 325
70 – 80 75 3 225
∑ f = N = 30 ∑ fm = 1460
 xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
∑f m
∴ (𝑥̅) =
N
1460
=
30
= 48.67
d"Nofª\sg

lbOPsf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
-c_ olb 30 cª\seGbf sd k|fKtfª\s ePsf ljBfyL{n] k'gM k/LIff lbO{ 30 b]lv 40 juf{Gt/leq

cª\s k|fKt u/]sf] v08df cf};t k|fKtfª\s slt x'G5 xf]nf <
-cf_ dflysf] tYofª\sdf 5f]6f] ljlwaf6 dWos kQf nufpg] xf] eg] slt k|fKt x'G5 <
lgsfNg'xf];\ .
-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 247 sf] k|Zg g= 1 b]lv 3, 5 / 6 sf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

t];|f] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ cª\sul0ftLo dWos ;DalGwt yk ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf rf6{x¿
lj|mofsnfk 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug{'xf];\ .

-v_ ljBfyL{sf] k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf] rf6{x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ k|To]s ;d"xx¿nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn ul/ lbOPsf] k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . o;
sfo{df ljBfyL{n] u/]sf ;dfwfg k|lj|mofx¿ cjnf]sg u/L cfjZos ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zg
1. s'g} Pp6f g;{/Ldf ePsf s'g} Pp6f k|hfltsf af]6x¿sf] prfO gfKbf cf};t prfO 36 cm

k|fKt eof] eg] 40 cm b]lv 50 cm ;Ddsf slt af]6x¿ /x]5g\ kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

prfO (in cm) 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60

Aff]6sf] ;ª\Vof (f) 3 8 15 p 4

pQ/
prfO (in cm) dWodfg (m) Aff]6sf] ;ª\Vof (f) fm
10 – 20 15 3 45
20 – 30 25 8 200
30 – 40 35 15 525
40 – 50 45 p 45p
50 – 60 55 4 220
∑ f = N = 30 + p ∑ fm = 990 + 45p
xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5,
∑ fm
dWos (x̅) = N
990 + 45p
⟹ 36 =
30 + p

⟹ 1080 – 990 = 45p – 36p

⟹ 36 (30 + p) = 990 + 45p

⟹ 90 = 9p

⟹ 1080 + 36 p = 990 + 45p

∴ p = 10
d"Nofª\sg

lbOPsf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
2. s'g} sDkgLdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx¿sf] cf};t tna -xhf/df_ ?= 45 eP, ‘k’ sf] dfg kQf
nufpg'xf];\ .

tna -?= xhf/df_ 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60 60 – 70 70 – 80

sd{rf/Lsf] ;ª\Vof 4 7 9 18 k 7 3
(f)

3. s'g} Pp6f :yfgdf kl5Nnf] 6 dlxgfsf] ljleGg lbgdf ePsf] cf};t jiff{ 28.5 mm eP, ‘d’

sf] dfg kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

jiff{ - mm _ 0 – 10 20 – 30 40 – 50 10 – 20 30 – 40 50 – 60
kfgL k/]sf] lbg (f) 7 6 8 d 12 2

-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 248 sf] k|Zg g= 4 sf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .
 rf}yf] / kfFrf}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ljBfyL{n] dWos;Fu ;DalGwt Jofjxfl/s ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf rf6{x¿, prfO gfKg] ;fdu|Lx¿
lj|mofsnfk 1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps Pscf]6f sIffsf] lhDd]jf/L lbg'xf];\ .
-u_ ca k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ tf]lsPsf] sIffsf ljBfyL{sf] prfO dfkg u/L ljj/0f l6kf]6 ug{
nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ o;/L cfPsf] ljj/0fnfO{ ;l~rt af/Daf/tf tflnsfdf k|:t't u/L dWos kQf lgsfNg
nufpg'xf];\ .
-ª_ k|fKt glthfnfO{ -tflnsfnfO{_ sIffdf ;d"xut ¿kdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .

Gff]6M ljBfyL{ l;sfOsf nflu cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sg dfkb08 2080 k|of]u u/L Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo
;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\ .
 5}6f}F / ;fTff}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ dlWosfsf] kl/ro k'g/jnf]sg ug{ / s]xL zflAbs k|Zgf]Q/ ug{
-v_ dlWosf ;DalGwt ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
;;fgf k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{x¿
lj|mofsnfk 1

-s_ sIffsf ljBfyL{nfO{ lbOPsf] tYofª\ssf] dWos / dlWosf kQf nufpg nufO{ pSt dfgnfO{
JofVof ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
5 , 15 , 35 , 20 , 40 , 50 , 10 , 90

lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ tnsf] rf6{ k|:t't u/L plNnlvt k|Zgx¿df 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
-v_ ljBfyL{lar rf6{df ePsf k|Zg k'g/fj[lQsf nflu 5nkmn u/fpFbf cfjZostfg';f/
;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1. Pp6f 50 hgfsf] ;d"xdf ePsf ljBfyL{sf] pd]/ ;f]w]/ ;ª\sng ubf{ tnsf] tYofª\s kfOof] M
16 , 13 , 12 , 13 , 9 , 11 , 14 , 16 , 15 , 18 , 15 , 14 , 11 , 10 , 12 ,
12 , 15 , 11 , 10 , 15 , 16 , 12 , 11 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 10 , 12 , 16 , 17 ,
10 , 13 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 11 , 12 , 10 , 11 , 10 , 14 ,
10 , 11 , 13 , 13 , 15
-c_ lbOPsf] tYofª\snfO{ j}olSts >]0fLdf a9\bf] j|mddf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
-cf_ tYofª\snfO{ a9\bf] j|mddf /fv]kl5 l7s lardf s'g tYofª\s k5{, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
pQ/
-c_ lbOPsf] tYofª\snfO{ j}olSts >]0fLdf a9\bf] j|mddf k|:t't ubf{,
9 , 10 , 10 , 10 ,10 , 10 , 10 ,10 , 10, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 12, 12 , 12 , 12, 12, 12 , 12
,
12, 13, 13 , 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 16, 16, 16, 16, 17,
18
-cf_ oxfF,
 N+1
dlWosf = ( 2
) cf}F :yfgsf] dfg
50 + 1
dlWosf = ( 2
) cf}F :yfgsf] dfg
51
= ( ) cf}F :yfgsf] dfg
2

= 25.5 cf}F :yfgsf] dfg

9 , 10 , 10 , 10 ,10 , 10 , 10 ,10 , 10, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 12, 12 , 12 , 12, 12, 12 , 12 ,
12, 13, 13 , 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 16, 16, 16, 16, 17, 18
oxfF, 25 cf}F kb = 12 / 26 cf}F kb = 13

∴ dlWosf = (25 cf}F kb + 26 cf}F kb ) / 2

= (12 + 13 ) / 2
= 12.5
2. s'g} Pp6f cljlR5Gg tYofª\sdf, ∑ fx = 100p + 280 / ∑ f = N = 30 + 2p /x]sf 5g\ . olb
dWos (x̅) = 40 eP, p sf] dfg kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
oxfF,
∑ fx = 100p + 280

∑ f = N = 30 + 2p

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
∑ fx
dWos (x̅) =
N
100p + 280
⟹ 40 = 30 + 2p

⟹ 40 (30 + 2p) = 100p + 280

⟹ 1200 + 80p = 100p + 280

⟹ 1200 – 280 = 100p – 80p

⟹ 920 = 20p

⟹ 46 = p

∴ p = 46
lj|mofsnfk – 3

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ ljBfyL{lar cljlR5Gg >]0fLdf ePsf tYofª\sx¿sf] dlWosf kQf nufpg] ;"q
pbfx/0f;lxt 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
h N
dlWosf (Md) = 𝑙 + f
( 2 − c. f. )

𝑙 = dlWosf kg]{ juf{Gt/sf] tNnf] dfg

N = hDdf af/Daf/tf

f = dlWosf kg]{ juf{Gt/sf] af/Daf/tf

c.f. = dlWosf kg]{ juf{Gt/eGbf l7s dflysf] ;l~rt af/Daf/tfsf] dfg

h = juf{Gt/sf] dfg
k|Zgx¿
1. lbOPsf] tYofª\saf6 dlWosf kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
k|lt306f Hofnf
50 – 60 60 – 70 70 – 80 80 – 90 90 – 100 100 – 110 110 – 120 120 – 130
(?.)
sfdbf/sf]
5 6 7 4 9 10 4 6
;ª\Vof

k|fKtfª\s ljBfyL{sf] ;ª\Vof (f) ;l~rt af/Daf/tf (c.f.)

50 – 60 5 5
60 – 70 6 11
70 – 80 7 18
80 – 90 4 22
90 – 100 9 31
100 – 110 10 41
110 – 120 4 45
120 – 130 6 51
∑ f = N = 51
N th 51 th
dlWosf kg]{ juf{Gt/ = (2) kb = (2) kb = 25.5 th kb
∴ dlWosf kg]{ juf{Gt/ = 90 – 100
N
∴ l = 90 , h = 10 , c.f. = 22 , f = 9 / 2
= 25.5

h N
ca, dlWosf (Md) = l + (2 − c. f. )
f
10
= 90 + ( 25.5 − 22 )
9

= 93.89
2. >L ;/:jtL df=lj= sf] sIff 10 df cWoog/t ljBfyL{sf] klxnf]
q}dfl;s k/LIffdf ul0ft ljifodf k|fKt ePsf] k|fKtfª\s tn lbOPsf] 5 M
43 , 48 , 42 , 58 , 58 , 62 , 75 , 61 , 31 , 26 ,
52 , 64 , 58 , 42 , 37 , 10 , 17 , 28 , 39 , 39 ,
51 , 62 , 78 , 71 , 68 , 56 , 59 , 46 , 43 , 32
i_ lbOPsf] tYofª\snfO{ 10/10 sf] >]0fL cGt/ lnOPsf] cljlR5Gg >]0fLdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
ii_ k|fKt tYofª\ssf cfwf/df dlWosf k|fKtfª\s kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
i_ oxfF,
lbOPsf] tYofª\snfO{ 10/10 sf] >]0fL cGt/ lnOPsf] cljlR5Gg >]0fL tflnsfdf k|:t't ubf{,
o; tYofª\sdf ;a}eGbf ;fgf] k|fKtfª\s 10 / ;a}eGbf 7'nf]] k|fKtfª\s 75 ePsfn] klxnf] >]0fL
10 – 20 / clGtd >]0fL 70 – 80 x'G5 .
k|fKtfª\s 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60 60 – 70 70 – 80
ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof 2 2 5 6 7 5 3

ii_ oxfF,
k|fKtfª\s ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof (f) ;l~rt af/Daf/tf (c.f.)
10 – 20 2 2
20 – 30 2 4
30 – 40 5 9
40 – 50 6 15
50 – 60 7 22
60 – 70 5 27
70 – 80 3 30
∑ f = N = 30
xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
N th 30 th
dlWosf kg]{ juf{Gt/ = (2) kb = (2) kb = 15 th kb
∴ dlWosf kg]{ juf{Gt/ = 40 – 50
 N
∴ l = 40 , h = 10 , c.f. = 9 , f = 6 / 2
= 15

h N
ca, dlWosf (Md) = l + (2 − c. f. )
f
10
= 40 + ( 15 − 9 )
6

= 40.28

d"Nofª\sg
3. olb juf{Gt/ 10 – 20 df s'g} klg ljBfyL{ kb}{gg\ eg] dlWosf slt x'G5 <
4. lbOPsf] tYofª\saf6 dlWosf kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

Tffkj|md (;]lN;o; 0–9 10 – 19 20 – 29 30 – 39 40 – 49

lbg 2 2 5 6 7

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 257 sf] k|Zg g= 1, 2 / 4 k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

cf7f}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ dlWosf ;DalGwt ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf rf6{x¿
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug{'xf];\ .

-v_ ljBfyL{sf] k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf] rf6{x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ k|To]s ;d"xx¿nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/L lbOPsf k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . o;
j|mfo{df ljBfyL{ cfPsf ;dfwfg k|lj|mof cjnf]sg u/L cfjZos ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zg
1. s'g} Pp6f cljlR5Gg tYofª\sdf dlWosf kg]{ juf{Gt/ 12 – 16 , af/Daf/tfsf] of]ukmn
(N) = 24 , dlWosf kg]{ juf{Gt/eGbf l7s dflysf] ;l~rt af/Daf/tf dfg 9, af/Daf/tf
(f) = p / dlWosfsf] dfg (Md) = 14.4 eP, p sf] dfg kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
 oxfF,
𝑙 = 12, h = 4, N = 24,

c.f. = 9, f = p, Md = 14.4

We have,

h N
Md = l + ( 2 − c. f. )
f

4 24
⟹ 14.4 = 12 + ( −9 )
p 2

4
⟹ 14.4 – 12 = ( 12 − 9 )
p

4
⟹ 2.4 = ×3
p

⟹ 2.4 p = 12
∴ p = 5
190
2. lbOPsf] tYofª\ssf] olb dlWosf 3
eP yfx gePsf] af/Daf/tf ‘a’ sf] dfg kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

k|fKtfª\s 0 – 20 20 – 40 40 – 60 60 – 80 80 – 100 100 – 120

ljBfyL{sf] ;ª\Vof 5 8 a 12 7 8

k|fKtfª\s ljBfyL{sf] ;ª\Vof (f) ;l~rt af/Daf/tf (c.f.)

0 – 20 5 5
20 – 40 8 13
40 – 60 a 13 + a
60 – 80 12 25 + a
80 – 100 7 32 + a
100 – 120 8 40 + a
∑ f = N = 40 + a

190
dlWosf = 3

∴ dlWosf kg]{ juf{Gt/ = 60 – 80

N 40 + a
∴ l = 60 , h = 20 , c.f. = 13 + a , f = 12 / 2
= 2

We have,
 h N
dlWosf (Md) = 𝑙 + (2 − c. f. )
f

190 20 40 + a
⟹ = 60 + ( − (13 + a) )
3 12 2

190 20 40 + a − 2(13 + a)
⟹ − 60 = ( )
3 12 2

190 − 180 20 40 + a − 26 − 2a
⟹ = ( )
3 12 2

10 20 14 − a
⟹ = ( )
3 12 2

10 20 ( 14 − a )
⟹ =
3 24

⟹ 240 = 60 ( 14 – a )
⟹ 4 = 14 – a
∴ a = 10

d"Nofª\sg
3. s'g} Pp6f cljlR5Gg tYofª\sdf, dlWosf kg]{ juf{Gt/ 400 – 500 , af/Daf/tfsf] of]ukmn
(N) = 44 , dlWosf kg]{ juf{Gt/eGbf l7s dflysf] ;l~rt af/Daf/tf dfg 8, af/Daf/tf
(f) = 20 / dlWosfsf] dfg kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
4. s'g} Pp6f cljlR5Gg tYofª\sdf dlWosf kg]{ juf{Gt/ 20 – 30 , af/Daf/tfsf] of]ukmn
(N) = 24 , dlWosf kg]{ juf{Gt/eGbf l7s dflysf] ;l~rt af/Daf/tf dfg k, af/Daf/tf
(f) = 5 / dlWosfsf] dfg (Md) = 30 eP, k sf] dfg kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 253 pbfx/0f 3 / 253 sf] k|Zg g=3 k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .
 gjf}F / b;f}F lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
cljlR5Gg tYofª\ssf] l/t kQf nufpg ;Sg]5g\ .
z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf rf6{x¿, dflg;sf] tf}n gfKg] ;fdfg
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;ª\Vofsf cfwf/df ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps Pscf]6f sIffsf] lhDd]jf/L lbg'xf];\ .
-u_ ca k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ tf]lsPsf] sIffsf ljBfyL{sf] tf}n dfkg ul/ ljj/0f l6kf]6 ug{
nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ o;/L cfPsf] ljj/0fnfO{ vl08t >]0fLdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
-ª_ ca l/t slt x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-r_ k|fKt glthfnfO{ -tflnsfnfO{_ sIffdf ;d"xut ¿kdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ ljBfyL{lar cljlR5Gg >]0fLdf ePsf tYofª\sx¿sf] l/taf/] s]xL ;do 5nkmn
u/fpg'xf];\ / l/t kQf nufpg] ;"q pbfx/0f;lxt k|:t't ug{'xf];\ .
f1 − f0
l/t (Mode) = L + ×h
2 f1 −f0 −f2

L = l/t kg]{ juf{Gt/sf] tNnf] ;Ldf

f0 = l/t kg]{ juf{Gt/eGbf tNnf] juf{Gt/sf] af/Daf/tf

f1 = l/t kg]{ juf{Gt/sf] af/Daf/tf

f2 = l/t kg]{ juf{Gt/eGbf dflyNnf] juf{Gt/sf] af/Daf/tf

h = l/t kg]{ juf{Gt/sf] dfg

-u_ ljBfyL{lar tnsf k|Zgx¿af/] s]xL ;do 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ / o; j|mddf cfjZostfg';f/
;xhLs/0f klg ug'x{ f];\ .
-c_ cljlR5Gg >]0fLsf] l/t kQf nufpg] ;"qdf l/t kg]{ juf{Gt/sf] tNnf] ;Ldf (L) lsg
hf]l8Psf] xf]nf <
-cf_ s] l/tsf] dfg bzdnjdf cfpg ;S5 <
-O_ olb cljlR5Gg >]0fL s'g} b'O{ >]0fLx¿sf] ;dfg clwstd af/Daf/tf ePsf] v08df
l/t s;/L kQf nufpg ;lsG5 <

1. olb lbOPsf] tYofª\saf6 l/t kQf nufpg'xf];\ M

k|fKtfª\s 0 – 20 20 – 40 40 – 60 60 – 80 80 – 100 100 – 120

ljBfyL{sf] ;ª\Vof 5 8 5 12 7 8

oxfF,
;a}eGbf w]/} af/Daf/tf 12 5 . pSt af/Daf/tfsf] juf{Gt/ 60 – 80 xf] .
L = l/t kg]{ juf{Gt/sf] tNnf] ;Ldf = 60

f0 = l/t kg]{ juf{Gt/eGbf tNnf] juf{Gt/sf] af/Daf/tf = 5

f1 = l/t kg]{ juf{Gt/sf] af/Daf/tf = 12

f2 = l/t kg]{ juf{Gt/eGbf dflyNnf] juf{Gt/sf] af/Daf/tf = 7

h = l/t kg]{ juf{Gt/sf] dfg = 20

f1 − f0
∴ l/t (Mode) = L + ×h
2 f1 −f0 −f2
12 − 5
= 60 + × 20
2 × 12 − 5 − 7
7
= 60 + × 20
12
= 71.67
d"Nofª\sg
2. lbOPsf] tYofª\saf6 dWos / dlWosfsf] dfgx¿ lgsfnL dWos, dlWosf / l/t t'ngf ug'{xf];\ .
 pd]/ -jif{_ 10 – 15 15 – 20 20 – 25 25 – 30 30 – 35 35 – 40
Dflg;x¿sf] ;ª\Vof 6 8 9 5 4 7

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 260 sf] k|Zg g= 1, 2 / 3 k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

P3f/f}F / afx|f}F lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ rt'yfF{+zsf] kl/ro k'g/jnf]sg ug{ / s]xL zflAbs k|Zgf]Q/ ug{
-v_ rt'yf{Fz ;DalGwt ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{
z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
;;fgf k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{x¿
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ljBfyL{nfO{ lbOPsf] tYofª\ssf] klxnf] / t];|f] rt'yf{Fz kQf nufpg nufO{ pSt dfgnfO{
JofVof ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
20 , 10 , 30 , 40 , 80 , 60 , 110 , 90

lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ tnsf] rf6{ k|:t't u?l plNnlvt k|Zgx¿df 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
-v_ ljBfyL{lar rf6{df ePsf k|Zg k'g/fj[lQsf nflu 5nkmn u/fpFbf cfjZostfg';f/
;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1. ltlnª\uf6f/ df=lj sf sIff 10 df cWoog/t ljBfyL{sf] tf}n -s]=hL=_ tn lbOPsf] 5 .
47 , 42 , 45 , 50 , 48 , 45 , 47 , 39 , 45 , 42 , 50 , 45 , 48 , 47 , 44 ,
39 , 40 , 45 , 48 , 47 , 42 , 50 , 42 , 45 , 48 , 40 , 44 , 48 , 49 , 45
-c_ lbOPsf] tYofª\snfO{ ;l~rt af/Daf/tf tflnsfdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
-cf_ klxnf] / t];|f] rt'yf{Fz kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
pQ/
-c_ tYofª\snfO{ ;l~rt af/Daf/tf tflnsfdf k|:t't ubf{,
 tf}n -s]=hL=_ ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof ;l~rt af/Daf/tf
39 2 2
40 2 2+2=4
42 4 4+4=8
44 2 8 + 2 = 10
45 7 10 + 7 = 17
47 4 17 + 4 = 21
48 5 21 + 5 = 26
49 1 26 + 1 = 27
50 3 27 + 3 = 30
hDdf ;ª\Vof (N) = 30
1
-cf_ Q1 kg]{ :yfg = 4 (N + 1) cf}F kb
1
= (30 + 1) cf}F kb
4

= 7.75 cf}F kb
= 42 kg
To:t},
3
Q3 kg]{ :yfg = 4 (N + 1) cf}F kb
3
= (30 + 1) cf}F kb
4

= 23.25 cf}F kb
= 48 kg
tnsf k|Zgdf s]xL ;do 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
-c_ cljlR5Gg >]0fLafx]ssf >]0fLx¿af6 rt'yf{Fz kQf nufpFbf rt'yf{Fz kg]{ :yfg lgsfNg]
;"qdf lsg N ;Fu 1 hf]l8G5 <
lj|mofsnfk – 3

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ ljBfyL{lar cljlR5Gg >]0fLdf ePsf tYofª\sx¿sf] dlWosf kQf nufpg] ;"q
pbfx/0f;lxt 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
h N
klxnf] rt'yf{Fz (Q1) = 𝑙 + ( 4 − c. f. )
f
h 3N
klxnf] rt'yf{Fz (Q3) = 𝑙 + ( − c. f. )
f 4

𝑙 = dlWosf kg]{ juf{Gt/sf] tNnf] dfg

 N = hDdf af/Daf/tf

f = dlWosf kg]{ juf{Gt/sf] af/Daf/tf

c.f. = dlWosf kg]{ juf{Gt/eGbf l7s dflysf] ;l~rt af/Daf/tfsf] dfg

h = juf{Gt/sf] dfg
k|Zgx¿
1. lbOPsf] tYofª\saf6 klxnf] / t];|f] rt'yf{Fz kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
k|fKtfª\s 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60 60 – 70 70 – 80

ljBfyL{sf] ;ª\Vof 1 4 5 14 11 11 3 1

k|fKtfª\s ljBfyL{sf] ;ª\Vof (f) ;l~rt af/Daf/tf (c.f.)

0 – 10 1 1
10 – 20 4 5
20 – 30 5 10
30 – 40 14 24
40 – 50 11 35
50 – 60 11 46
60 – 70 3 49
70 – 80 1 50
∑ f = N = 50
N th 50 th
klxnf] rt'yf{Fz kg]{ juf{Gt/ = (4) kb = (4) kb = 12.5 th kb
∴ klxnf] rt'yf{Fz kg]{ juf{Gt/ = 30 – 40
N
∴ l = 30 , h = 10 , c.f. = 10 , f = 14 / 4
= 12.5
h N
ca, klxnf] rt'yf{Fz (Q1) = l + f
( 2 − c. f. )
10
= 30 + ( 12.5 − 10 )
14

= 31.79
k]ml/,
3N th 3 × 50 th
t];|f] rt'yf{Fz kg]{ juf{Gt/ = (4) kb = ( 4
) kb = 37.5 th kb
∴ t];|f] rt'yf{Fz kg]{ juf{Gt/ = 50 – 60
 3N
∴ l = 50 , h = 10 , c.f. = 35 , f = 11 / 4
= 37. 5
h N
ca, t];|f] rt'yf{Fz (Q3) = l + f
( 2 − c. f. )
10
= 50 + 11
( 37.5 − 35 )

= 52.27

d"Nofª\sg
2. lbOPsf] tYofª\saf6 klxnf] / t];|f] rt'yf{Fz kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

juf{Gt/ 0 – 10 20 – 30 40 – 50 10 – 20 30 – 40 50 – 60
af/Daf/tf 4 6 10 20 10 6
u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 268 sf] k|Zg g= 1, 2, 4 / 5 k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

t]x|f}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ rt'yf{Fz ;DalGwt ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
;;fgf k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{x¿
lj|mofsnfk 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug{'xf];\ .

-v_ ljBfyL{sf] k|To]s ;d"xx¿nfO{ k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf] rf6{x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/L lbOPsf] k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . o;
jmfo{df ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZos ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zg
1. s'g} Pp6f cljlR5Gg tYofª\sdf, t];|f] rt'yf{Fz kg]{ juf{Gt/ 30 – 40 , af/Daf/tfsf] of]ukmn
(N) = 18 , t];|f] rt'yf{Fz kg]{ juf{Gt/eGbf l7s dflysf] ;l~rt af/Daf/tf dfg k, af/Daf/tf
(f) = 4 / t];|f] rt'yf{Fzsf] dfg Q3 = 33.75 eP, k sf] dfg kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
oxfF,
 𝑙 = 30 , h = 10 , N = 18

c.f. = k , f = 4 , Q3 = 33.75

We have,

h 3N
Q3 = l + ( − c. f. )
f 4

10 3 × 18
⟹ 33.75 = 30 + ( − k)
4 4

10 54 − 4k
⟹ 33.75 – 30 = ( )
4 4

540 − 40k
⟹ 3.75 = 16

⟹ 60 = 540 – 40k
⟹ 40 k = 540 – 60
⟹ 40 k = 480
∴ k = 12

76
2. olb
lbOPsf] tYofª\ssf] klxnf] rt'yf{Fz eP, yfx gePsf] af/Daf/tf ‘m’ sf] dfg kQf
3
nufpg'xf];\ .

juf{Gt/ 20 – 24 24 – 28 28 – 32 32 – 36 36 – 40
af/Daf/tf 2 m 6 3 1

juf{Gt/ af/Daf/tf (f) ;l~rt af/Daf/tf (c.f.)

20 – 24 2 2
24 – 28 m 2+m
28 – 32 6 8+m
32 – 36 3 11 + m
36 – 40 1 12 + m
∑ f = N = 12 + m

76
klxnf] rt'yf{Fz = 3

∴ klxnf] rt'yf{Fz kg]{ juf{Gt/ = 24 – 28

N 12 + m
∴ l = 24 , h = 4 , c.f. = 2 , f = m / 4
= 4

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
 h N
Q1 = 𝑙 + ( 4 − c. f. )
f
76 4 12 + m
⟹ = 24 + ( − 2)
3 m 4

76 4 12 + m − 8
⟹ − 24 = ( )
3 m 4

76 − 72 4 4+m
⟹ = ( )
3 m 4

4 4 4+m
⟹ = ( )
3 m 4

4 4 (4 + m )
⟹ =
3 4m
4 4+m
⟹ =
3 m

⟹ 4m = 12 + 3m
∴ m = 12

3. olb
lbOPsf] tYofª\ssf] t];|f] rt'yf{Fz 390 eP, yfx gePsf] af/Daf/tf ‘p’ sf] dfg kQf
nufpg'xf];\ .

b}lgs gfkmf -?= 0 – 100 100 – 200 200 – 300 300 – 400 400 – 500 500 – 600
;odf_
k;nx¿sf] ;ª\Vof 12 18 27 p 17 6

;dfwfg

b}lgs gfkmf k;nx¿sf] ;ª\Vof (f) ;l~rt af/Daf/tf (c.f.)

0 – 100 12 12
100 – 200 18 30
200 – 300 27 57
300 – 400 p 57 + p
400 – 500 17 74 + p
500 – 600 6 80 + p
∑ f = N = 80 + p

t];|f] rt'yf{Fz = 390

∴ t];|f] rt'yf{Fz kg]{ juf{Gt/ = 300 – 400

 3N 3(80 + p)
∴∴ l = 300 , h = 100 , c.f. = 57 , f = p / 4
= 4

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
h 3N
Q3 = l + ( 4 − c. f. )
f

100 3( 80 + p )
⟹ 390 = 300 + ( − 57 )
p 4

100 3( 80 + p )
⟹ 390 – 300 = ( − 57 )
p 4

100 240 + 3p − 228

⟹ 90 = ( )
p 4

100 12 + 3p
⟹ 90 = ( )
p 4

100 (12 + 3p )
⟹ 90 = 4p

⟹ 360p = 1200 + 300p

⟹ 60 p = 1200
∴ p = 20

d"Nofª\sg

4. lbOPsf] tYofª\ssf] klxnf] rt'yf{Fz 25 eP y sf] dfg kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

k|fKtfª\s 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60
Q.5.
ljBfyL{sf] ;ª\Vof 9 11 y 20 30 16
lbOPsf] tYofª\ssf] t];|f] rt'yf{Fz 62 eP k sf] dfg kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

pd]/ -jif{_ 40 – 44 44 – 48 48 – 52 52 – 56 56 – 60 60 – 64 64 – 68
dflg;x¿sf] 3 5 4 5 4 k 3
;ª\Vof

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 268 sf] k|Zg g= 3 k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .
 rf}wf}F / kGw|f}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
ljBfyL{n] dlWosf / rt'yf{Fz;Fu ;DalGwt Jofjxfl/s ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{
z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
;;fgf k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{x¿, nDafO gfKg] ;fdu|Lx¿
lj|mofsnfk 1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;ª\Vofsf cfwf/df ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ sIff 6 b]lv 10 ;Ddsf Ps Pscf]6f sIffsf] lhDd]jf/L lbg'xf];\ .
-u_ ca k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ tf]lsPsf] sIffsf ljBfyL{nfO{ nfdf] pk|mfO (OLng Jump) sf nflu
pko'St 7fpFdf hDdf ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ ca kfn}kfnf] k|To]s sIffsf ljBfyL{nfO{ nfdf] pk|mfO (OLng Jump) ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
k|To]s ljBfyL{n] pk|mFbf kf/ u/]sf] nDafOsf] gfk lkmQfn] /fd|/L l6kf]6 ug'{xf];\ .
-k|To]s ljBfyL{nfO{ 3 k6s pk|mg] df}sf lbg'xf];\ / t];|f] k6ssf] pk|mfOsf] gfkdfq lng'xf];\ ._
sIff ljBfyL{sf] gfd klxnf] nfdf] pk|mfO gfk bf];|f] nfdf] pk|mfO gfk

-ª_ o;/L cfPsf] ljj/0fnfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ 10/10 jf 5/5 sf] >]0fL cGt/ lnO{ cljlR5Gg >]0fLdf
k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
-r_ pSt cljlR5Gg >]0fLaf6 dWos, dlWosf, l/t / rt'yf{Fz kQf nufO{ k|fKt glthfnfO{ sIffdf
;d"xut ¿kdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk 1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ lbOPsf] tYofª\ssf] dWos, dlWosf, l/t / rt'yf{Fz kQf nufpg nufpg'xf];\ .

cª\s 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60
ljBfyL{sf] ;ª\Vof 3 5 4 5 4 8
-v_ k|fKt tYofª\snfO{ GeoGebra jf cGo s'g} ICT ;fwgsf] k|of]u u/L lrqfTds ¿kdf k|:t't klg
ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ o;/L k|fKt ePsf lrqx¿ sIffdf k|:tt u/L dWos, dlWosf, l/t / rt'yf{Fzsf s] s:tf HofldtLo
/]vfx¿ tof/ x'G5g\ ;f]af/] 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ ;fy} tL /]vfx¿sf cj:yfcg';f/sf gtLhfx¿af/] klg
s]xL ;do ljBfyL{lar 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .

gd'gf ?la|S;
Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ d"Nofª\sg ?la|S;
;d"xut Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ k|:t'ltdf ul0ftLo 1fgsf] z'4tfsf] d"Nofª\sg ?la|S;

If]q cfwf/ ;"rs cª\s k|fKtfª\s

tYofª\snfO{ plrt cljlR5Gg >]0fLj|mddf /fv]df, pSt
tYofª\sdf ;lx ;"qx¿ k|of]u u/L] dWos, dlWosf, l/t / 2

rt'yf{Fz kQf nufPdf

tYofª\snfO{ plrt cljlR5Gg >]0fLj|mddf /fv]df, pSt
tYofª\sdf ;xL ;"qx¿ k|of]u u/L] dWos, dlWosf, l/t /
1.5
rt'yf{Fz kQf nufPdf t/ u0fgfdf s]xL q'l6x¿ ePdf /
;'emfjkl5 ;RofPdf
ul0ftLo
1 1fgsf] tYofª\snfO{ plrt cljlR5Gg >]0fLj|mddf /fv]df, pSt
z'4tf tYofª\sdf ;"qx¿ k|of]u u/L] dWos, dlWosf, l/t /
1
rt'yf{Fz kQf nufpFbf ;"qx¿df s]xL ;d:of ePdf /
u0fgfdf q"l6x¿ ePdf
tYofª\snfO{ plrt cljlR5Gg >]0fLj|mddf /fVg ;d:of
ePdf, pSt tYofª\sdf ;"qx¿ k|of]u u/L] dWos, dlWosf,
0.5
l/t / rt'yf{Fz kQf nufpFbf ;"qx¿df ;d:of ePdf /
u0fgfdf klg cTolws q'l6x¿ ePdf

ljBfyL{ JolStut Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ k|:t'ltsf] d"Nofª\sg ?la|S; cg';"rL @
k|of]u ug'{xf];\ .
 kf7 14
;DefJotf (Probability)

kl/ro
b}lgs hLjgdf xfdL ljleGg 36gfx¿ 36\g ;Sg] jf g;Sg] s'/fx¿sf] cg'dfg nufpg] sfo{ ub{5f}F
. o;/L s'g} klg 36gfsf] lglZrttf jf clglZrttfnfO{ ul0ftLo dfgåf/f klg JoSt ug{ ;lsG5 .
t;y{ o;k|sf/sf] ;Defljt jf c;Dej ljleGg 36gfx¿sf] dfkg ug'n { fO{ ;DefJotf elgG5 . s'g}
klg 36gfsf] ;DefJotf dfg 0 / 1 sf lardf x'g] ub{5 . s'g} 36gfsf] ;DefJotf dfg 1 eGgfn]
pSt 36gf 36\g ;Sg] kSsf cj:yf 5 eGg] a'lemG5 eg] ;DefJotf dfg 0 n] pSt 36gf x'g
g;Sg] s'/f hgfpF5 . o;/L x]bf{ s'g} klg 36gfsf] ;Defjgf 0 / 1 sf] lardf x'g] s'/f a'e\mg
;lsG5 . o; kf7df ljleGg 36gfx¿ 36\g jf g36\g ;Sg] ;DefJotfsf] ul0ftLo dfgx¿ kQf
nufpg] sfo{ tyf ljleGg 36gfx¿nfO{ ;Defjgf j[Iflrqdf k|:t't ul/g]5 .
o; kf7sf nflu kf7\oj|mdn] tf]s]sf l;sfO pknlAwx¿ lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M
-s_ ;DefJotfsf] hf]8 l;4fGt :yflkt u/L To;;DaGwL Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{
-v_ cgfl>t / k/fl>t 36gfx¿sf] cjwf/0ff ljsf; ug{
-u_ u'0fg l;4fGt k|of]u u/L ;DefJotf kQf nufpg
-3_ j[Iflrqsf] k|of]u u/L ;DefJotf kQf nufpg
o; kf7sf nflu hDdf kf7\oj|mdnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ 9 cg'dflgt 306fsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . t;y{
o; kf7cGtu{t ;dfj]z kf7of+zsf] ljefhg lgDgfg';f/ ul/Psf] 5 M
kf7\ok':tssf]
j|m=;= kf7\oj:t' cg'dflgt 306f
;DalGwt k[i7
;DefJotfdf k|of]u x'g] ljleGg zAbfjnLx¿
1. 2 271
klxrfg / ljleGg 36gfx¿sf ;DefJotf
;DefJotfsf] hf]8sf] l;4fGt k|of]u u/L
2. 2 272 – 276
ljleGg zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ xn
cgfl>t / k/fl>t 36gfx¿sf] pbfx/0fx¿ /
3. ;DefJotfsf] u'0fg l;4fGtcg';f/ ljleGg 2 277 – 278, 283
;DalGwt ljleGg zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ xn
ljleGg b'O{ kf/:kl/s lgif]wlt jf kf/:kl/s
4. 2 284 – 288
clgif]lwt 36gfx¿nfO{ j[Iflrqdf k|:t't
5. Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ 1
hDdf 9
l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ubf{ ;Defljt unt a'emfO tyf cjwf/0ffx¿
- ljleGg ;ª\Vofx¿ -hf]/ ;ª\Vofx¿, lahf]/ ;ª\Vofx¿, ¿9 ;ª\Vofx¿, ;+o'St ;ª\Vofx¿,
u'0fgv08, ckjTo{ ;ª\Vofx¿ cflb_ sf] klxrfgdf ;d:of
- cgfl>t / k/fl>t 36gfx¿sf] klxrfg / plrt ;"q k|of]udf ;d:of
- kf/:kl/s lgif]wlt jf kf/:kl/s clgif]lwt 36gfx¿nfO{ j[Iflrqdf k|:t't ubf{ ;d:of .

klxnf] / bf];|f] lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ;DefJotfdf k|of]u x'g] ljleGg zAbfjnLx¿ klxrfg ug{
-v_ ljleGg 36gfx¿sf ;DefJotf kQf nufpg
z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k\mnf; sf8{x¿, rf6{k]k/x¿, 3gfsf/ 8fO;x¿, l;Ssfx¿
lj|mofsnfk 1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;ª\Vofsf cfwf/df ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ ;;fgf rf6{k]k/x¿df ;DefJotfdf k|of]u x'g] zAbfjnLx¿ / To;sf ljifodf n]lvPsf
hfgsf/LnfO{ sf6]/ 6'j|mfx¿nfO{ 3 jf 4 cf]6f a6\6fdf /fVg'xf];\ .
-u_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps Pscf]6f a6\6f afF8\g'xf];\ .
-3_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/L pSt zAbfjnLx¿ / To;;Fu ;DalGwt hfgsf/Lx¿
ldnfpg nufpg'xf];\ .
-ª_ s]xL lglZrt ;dokl5 k|To]s ;d"xdf kfn}kfnf] hfg'xf];\ / pgLx¿n] ldnfP/ /fv]sf]
sfuhx¿ x]gx'{ f];\ .
-r_ s]xL ;dokl5 ljBfyL{nfO{ Pscsf{sf] ;d"xdf uO{ x/]sn] ldnfP/ /fv]sf] rf6{k]k/ cWoog
ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-5_ cGTodf s]xL zAbfjnL / ltgsf ljifodf n]lvPsf s'/fx¿ ldnfpg'kg]{ 5 eg]
cfjZostfg';f/ ;d"xnfO{ Pscsf{;Fu ;Nnfx ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
d"Nofª\sg
5. Pp6f juf{sf/ 8fO;nfO{ ;dtn ;txdf u'8fpFbf cfpg] ;DefJo kl/0ffdx¿ gd'gf If]qdf
 pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .
6. s'g} Pp6f l;SsfnfO{ xfjfdf prfNbf cfpg] 36gfx¿ kf/:kl/s lgif]ws 36gfx¿ x'g\ jf
xf]Ogg\ < sf/0f;lxt n]Vg'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug{'xf];\ .

-v_ ljBfyL{sf] k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf] rf6{x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ k|To]s ;d"xx¿nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/L lbOPsf] k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . o;
jmfo{df ljBfyL{sf] ;d"xdf uO{ pgLx¿sf] sfo{x¿ x]/L cfjZos ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
-c_ Pp6f juf{sf/ 8fO;nfO{ Ps k6s u'8fpFbf hf]/ ;ª\Vof b]lvg] ;DefJotf slt x'G5 <
-cf_ 3 b]lv 19 ;Dd n]lvPsf kQLaf6 Pp6f kQL gx]l/sg y'Tbf 3 sf u'0fgv08x¿ kg]{
;DefJotf slt x'G5 <
-O_ Pp6f tf;sf] ;]6af6 gx]/Lsg Pp6f tf; y'Tbf cg'xf/ ePsf] tf; kg]{ ;DefJotf
slt x'G5 < kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-O{_ Pp6f emf]nfdf ;a} Ps} gfksf 4 cf]6f sfnf], 5 cf]6f kx]Fnf] / 1 cf]6f /ftf] /ªsf
u'Rrfx¿ 5g\ . ca ;f] emf]nfaf6 gx]/Lsg Pp6f u'Rrf lgsfNbf,
1. kx]Fnf] u'Rrf cfpg] ;DefJotf slt x'G5 <
2. /ftf] u'Rrf cfpg] ;DefJotf slt x'G5 <
3. sfnf] u'Rrf gcfpg] ;DefJotf slt x'G5 <
pQ/
-c_ oxfF,
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
n(S) = 6

hf]/ ;ª\Vof (E) = {2, 4, 6}

∴ n(E) = 3
n(E) 3 1
¿9 ;ª\Vof b]lvg] ;DefJotf, P(E) = n(S)
= 6
= 2

-cf_ oxfF,
n(S) = 19 – 3 + 1 = 17
 3 sf u‘0fgv08x¿ (T) = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18}
∴ n(T) = 6
n(T) 6
∴ P(T) = =
n(S) 17

-O_ oxfF,
n(S) = 52

cg'xf/ ePsf] tf;sf] ;ª\Vof, n(F) = 12

n(F) 12 3
cg'xf/ ePsf] tf; kg]{ ;DefJotf, P(F) = = =
n(S) 52 13

-O{_ oxfF,
n(S) = 4 + 5 + 1 = 10

kx]Fnf] u'Rrfsf] ;ª\Vof, n(Y) = 5

n(Y) 5 1
kx]Fnf] u'Rrf kg]{ ;DefJotf, P(Y) = n(S)
= 10
= 2

To:t},
/ftf] u'Rrfsf] ;ª\Vof, nI = 1
1
/ftf] u'Rrf kg]{ ;DefJotf, P(R)I = 10

cGTodf,
n(S) = 4 + 5 + 1 = 10

sfnf] u'Rrfsf] ;ª\Vof, n(B) = 4

n(B) 4 2
sfnf] u'Rrf kg]{ ;DefJotf, P(B) = n(S)
= 10
= 5

̅) = 1 − P(B) = 1 −
∴ sfnf] u'Rrf gkg]{ ;DefJotf, P(B 2
=
3
5 5

u[xsfo{
lgDgcg';f/sf ;d:ofx¿ u[xsfo{{sf ¿kdf lbg'xf];\ / k/LIf0f u/L k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ .
-c_ Pp6f /fd|/L lkm6]sf] 52 kQL tf;sf] ;]6af6 gx]/Lsg Pp6f kQL tfGbf
1. cg'xf/ gePsf] tf; cfpg] ;DefJotf slt x'G5 <
2. PSsf tf; cfpg] ;DefJotf slt x'G5 <
-cf_ 4 b]lv 21 ;Dd n]lvPsf kQLaf6 Pp6f kQL gx]/Lsg y'Tbf 24 nfO{ lgMz]if efu hfg]
;ª\Vofx¿ kg]{ ;DefJotf slt x'G5 <
 t];|f] / rf}yf] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ;DefJotfdf hf]8sf] l;4fGt kQf nufpg
-v_ kf/:kl/s lgif]ws ePsf Pjd\ gePsf 36gfx¿sf pbfx/0fx¿ JoSt ug{
-u_ ;DefJotfsf] hf]8sf] l;4fGt k|of]u u/L ljleGg zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{
z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
;;fgf k\mnf; sf8{x¿, rf/ ;]6 tf;, rf6{k]k/x¿
lj|mofsnfk 1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;ª\Vofsf cfwf/df ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xx¿nfO{ Ps Ps ;]6 tf; lbg'xf];\ / pgLx¿nfO{ ljleGg tf;x¿sf] ljj/0f
rf6{k]k/df pNn]v ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
 Ps ;]6 tf;sf] lrqfTds ljj/0f

cg'xf/ ePsf tf; cg'xf/ gePsf tf;

Ps ;]6 tf;sf] ljj/0f

1. Ps ;]6 tf; M 52 kQL tf; -26 sfnf /ªsf tf; / 26 /ftf /ªsf tf;_
2. 26 sfnf /ªsf tf; M 13 OF6sf] lrq ePsf tf;, 3 kfgsf] lrq ePsf] tf;x¿
3. 26 /ftf /ªsf tf; M 13 lr8sf] lrq ePsf tf;, 13 ;'/tsf] lrq ePsf tf;x¿
4. cg'xf/ ePsf tf; M 12 cf]6f -u'nfd, ld:;L / afbzfx_ -6 cf]6f /ftf / 6 cf]6f sfnf_
5. cg'xf/ gePsf tf; M 40 cf]6f -PSsf, =========, bx/_ -20 cf]6f /ftf / 20 cf]6f sfnf_
6. s'g} Ps ;]6 tf;df lr8, kfg, ;'/t / O{F6sf 13/13 cf]6f tf;x¿ x'G5g\ .

lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;ª\Vofsf cfwf/df ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ ljBfyL{lar ;DefJotfsf] hf]8sf] l;4fGtx¿ pbfx/0f;lxt 5nkmn u/L ;"q k|ltkfbg
ug'{xf];\ . o;sf nflu kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 272 / 273 sf] lj|mofsnfk 2 u/fpg'xf];\ .
-c_ k/:k/ lgif]ws 36gfx¿ ePdfq
n(A) n(B)
∴ P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) = +
n(S) n(S)
-cf_ k/:k/ lgif]ws 36gfx¿ gePdf
n(A) n(B) n(A∩B)
∴ P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A∩B) = + −
n(S) n(S) n(S)
lj|mofsnfk – 3= ;DefJotf zAb 8f]ldgf] v]n v]nfpg'xf];\ . o;sf] lgod lgDgcg';f/ eGg'xf];\ M
1. 52 kQLsf] Ps ;]6 tf; lng'xf];\ . tL tf;sf af/]df 5nkmn u/L k|To]s rf/ k|sf/sf 13

cf]6f tf;sf af/]df 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ .

-x's'd (spades♠) , kfg hearts♥, OF6 (diamonds♦) / lr8 (clubs♣__

2. To;kl5 tnsf 12 cf]6f sf]7fnfO{ sf6]/ Ps Ps 6'jm| f kQL agfpg'xf];\ . b'O{cf]6f kQL
36gf;Fu ;f] 36gfsf] ;DefJotf hf]8L ldnfpg] v]n v]nfpg'xf];\ .
3. h'g ;d"xn] ;a}eGbf l56f] ;a} hf]8L ;xL ldnfpF5, pxL ;d"xnfO{ ljhoL 3f]if0ff ug'{xf];\ .
𝟏 Hff]/ ;ª\Vof kg]{ /fgL kg]{ ;DefJotf 𝟑
𝟏𝟑
𝟐𝟔
;DefJotf

x's'dafx]ssf] tf; 𝟏 /ftf] sf8{ kg]{ PSsf jf /fhf kg]{

𝟏𝟔
kg]{ ;DefJotf ;DefJotf ;DefJotf

𝟐 1 Pp6f lr8sf] sf8{ 𝟑

𝟒
𝟏𝟑
kg]{ ;DefJotf

x's'dsf] PSsf kg]{ 𝟏 OF6sf] 3 cyjf 5 kg]{ 𝟏

𝟏𝟑 𝟓𝟐
;DefJotf ;DefJotf

𝟓 𝟏 sfnf] /ªsf] tf; 𝟏

𝟒 𝟐
𝟏𝟑

3 sf] u'0ffª\s kg]{ 𝟓 /ftf] jf sfnf] tf; Pp6f /ftf] cg'xf/

𝟐𝟔
;DefJotf kg]{ ;DefJotf ePsf] tf; (J, Q, K)

gf]6 M dflysf] tflnsfsf] ljsNkdf k|To]s sf]7fdf ePsf 36gf / ;DefJotfnfO{ ;;fgf sfuhsf
6'j|mdf l6Kg nufpg'xf];\ . sIffsf ljBfyL{nfO{ ;ª\Vofsf cfwf/df $ hgfsf] ldl>t ;d"x agfO{
lbOPsf ;DefJotf / 36gfx¿sf] hf]8L agfpg nufpg'xf];\ . h'g ;d"xn] ;a}eGbf w]/} hf]8L ;xL
ldnfpF5g\ tL ;d"xnfO{ ljhoL 3f]if0ff ug'{xf];\ . cGTodf k|To]s pQ/ s;/L ;xL eof] egL n]Vg
nufpg'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk 4

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;ª\Vofsf cfwf/df ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ ljBfyL{sf] k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ k|Zgx¿sf] rf6{k]k/ afF8\g'xf];\ / cfk;df 5nkmn u/L pSt
k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . o; j|mddf cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zg
1. Pp6f /fd|/L lkm6]sf] tf;sf] ;]6af6 Pp6f tf; gx]/Lsg lgsfNbf cg'xf/ ePsf] tf; jf
PSsf kg]{ ;DefJotf slt x'G5 <
dfgf}F,
F , A / S n] j|mdzM cg'xf/ ePsf] tf;, PSsf tf; / gd'gf If]q hgfpF5 .
∴ n(F) = 12

∴ n(A) = 4

∴ n(S) = 52

∴ P( F ∪ A ) = P(F) + P(A)

n(F) n(A)
= +
n(S) n(S)

12 4 12 + 4 16 4
= + = = =
52 52 52 52 13

2. Pp6f /fd|/L lkm6]sf] tf;sf] ;]6af6 Pp6f tf; gx]/Lsg lgsfNbf /ftf] tf; jf u'nfd tf;
kg]{ ;DefJotf slt x'G5 <
dfgf}F,
R , J / S n] j|mdzM /ftf] tf;, u'nfd tf; / gd'gf If]q hgfpF5 .
∴ n(R) = 26

∴ n(J) = 4

∴ n( R ∩ J ) = 2
 ∴ n(S) = 52

∴ P( R ∪ J ) = P(R) + P(J) – P( R ∩ J)

n(R) n(J) n(R ∩ J)

= + −
n(S) n(S) n(S)

26 4 2
= + −
52 52 52

26 + 4 − 2 28 7
= = =
52 52 13

3. 3 b]lv 17 ;Dd n]lvPsf kQLaf6 Pp6f kQL gx]/Lsg y'Tbf ;+o'St ;ª\Vof jf 24 nfO{ lgMz]if
efu hfg] ;ª\Vof kQL kg]{ ;DefJotf slt x'G5 <
dfgf}F,
C , T / S n] j|mdzM ;+o'St ;ª\Vof, 24 nfO{ lgMz]if efu hfg] ;ª\Vof / gd'gf If]q hgfpF5
.
∴ C = { 4 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 }

∴ n(C) = 9

∴ T = { 3 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 12 }

∴ n(T) = 5

∴ C ∩ T = { 4 , 6 , 8 , 12 }

∴ n( C ∩ T ) = 4

∴ n(S) = 17 – 3 + 1 = 15

∴ P( C ∪ T ) = P(C) + P(T) – P( C ∩ T )

n(C) n(T) n(C ∩ T)

= + −
n(S) n(S) n(S)

9 5 4
= + −
15 15 15

9 + 5 − 4 10 2
= = =
15 15 3

d"Nofª\sg
lbOPsf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
1 3
4. olb M / N b'O{ kf/:kl/s lgif]ws 36gfx¿ x'g\ / P(M) = 4 / P(N) = 4 eP tnsf dfgx¿
kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-c_ P(M) -cf_ ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
P(M ∪ N)

5. olb A / B b'O{ kf/:kl/s lgif]ws 36gfx¿ xf]Ogg\ / P(A) = 2 P(B) = 7 P(A∩B) = 0.4 eP

tnsf dfgx¿ kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

-c_ P(A∪B) -cf_ ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
P(A ∪ B)

6. Pp6f /fd|/L lkm6]sf] tf;sf] ;]6af6 Pp6f tf; gx]/Lsg lgsfNbf sfnf] tf; jf OF6sf] tf;
kg]{ ;DefJotf slt x'G5 <
7. 2 b]lv 19 ;Dd n]lvPsf kQLaf6 Pp6f kQL gx]/Lsg y'Tbf lahf]/ ;ª\Vof jf 18 nfO{ lgMz]if
efu hfg] ;ª\Vof kQL kg]{ ;DefJotf slt x'G5 <

-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 276 sf] cEof; 14.1 sf] 1 b]lv 4 ;Ddsf k|Zg ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .
 kfFrf}F / 5}6f}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ cgfl>t / k/fl>t 36gfsf] pbfx/0f k|:t't ug{
-v_ ;DefJotfsf] u'0fg l;4fGtcg';f/ ljleGg ;DalGwt ljleGg zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{
z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
;;fgf k\mnf; sf8{x¿, rf/ ;]6 tf;, rf6{k]k/x¿
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;ª\Vofsf cfwf/df ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ ljBfyL{lar cgfl>t / k/fl>t 36gfx¿ pbfx/0f;lxt 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ . o;sf nflu
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 277 / 278 sf] lj|mofsnfk 3 u/fpg'xf];\ .
-u_ b'O{ cf]6f kf/:kl/s cgfl>t 36gfx¿df k|of]u x'g] ;"q 5nkmnaf6 k|ltkfbg ug{ u/L pSt
;"qnfO{ s]xL pbfx/0f;lxt 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
-c_ kf/:kl/s cgfl>t 36gfx¿ ePdf
n(A) n(B)
∴ P(A∩B) / P(A / B) = P(A) X P(B) =
n(S)
×
n(S)
k|Zgx¿
1. Pp6f /fd|/L lkm6]sf] tf;sf] ;]6af6 Pp6f tf; gx]/Lsg lgsfNbf PSsf tf; / Pp6f 8fO;
u'8fpFbf 6 nfO{ lgMz]if efu hfg] ;ª\Vof cfpg] ;DefJotf slt x'G5 <
dfgf}F,
Ps ;]6 tf;df,
A / S n] j|mdzM PSsf tf; / gd'gf If]q hgfpF5 .
∴ n(A) = 4
∴ n(S) = 52
n(A) 4 1
∴ P( A ) = = =
n(S) 52 13

Ps ;]6 tf;df,
D / S n] j|mdzM 6 nfO{ lgMz]if efu hfg] ;ª\Vof/ gd'gf If]q hgfpF5 .
∴ D = {1, 2, 3, 6}
∴ n(D) = 4
 ∴ n(S) = 6
n(D) 4 2
∴ P( D ) = = =
n(S) 6 3

ca,
1 2 2
∴ P(A∩D) / P(A / D) = P(A) X P(D) =
13
×
3
=
39

2. Ps ;]6 52 kQL /fd|/L lkm6]sf] tf;sf] ;]6af6 Pp6f tf; gx]/Lsg lgsfn]sf] tf; k'gM /fvL
Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ b'O{cf]6f tf; lgsfNbf klxnf] tf; /ftf] /ªsf] tf; / bf];|f] tf; ;'/tsf]
PSsf kg]{ ;Defjgf kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
dfgf}F,
Ps ;]6 tf;df,
R / S n] j|mdzM /ftf] /ªsf] tf; / gd'gf If]q hgfpF5 .
∴ n(R) = 26
∴ n(S) = 52
n(R) 26 1
∴ P( R ) = = =
n(S) 52 2

klxnf] tf;nfO{ k'gM ;f]xL Kofs]6df /fVbf hDdf 52 cf]6} tf; x'G5g\ / /ftf] /ªsf] tf;sf]
;ª\Vof klg 26 g} x'G5 .
k]ml/,
A / S n] j|mdzM ;'/tsf] PSsf / gd'gf If]q hgfpF5 .
∴ n(A) = 2
∴ n(S) = 52
n(A) 2 1
∴ P( A ) = = =
n(S) 52 26

ca,
1 1 1
∴ P(R∩A) / P(R / A) = P(R) × P(A) =
2
×
26
=
52

3. Ps ;]6 52 kQL /fd|/L lkm6]sf] tf;sf] ;]6af6 Pp6f tf; gx]/Lsg lgsfn]sf] tf; k'gM g/fvL
Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ b'O{cf]6f tf; lgsfNbf klxnf] tf; u'nfdsf] tf; / bf];|f] tf; PSsf kg]{
;Defjgf kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
dfgf}F,
 Ps ;]6 tf;df,
J / S n] j|mdzM u'nfdsf] tf; / gd'gf If]q hgfpF5 .
∴ n(J) = 4
∴ n(S) = 52
n(J) 4 1
∴ P( J ) = = =
n(S) 52 13

klxnf] tf;nfO{ k'gM ;f]xL Kofs]6df g/fVbf hDdf 52 – 1 = 51 cf]6} tf; x'G5g\ . / PSsfsf]
;ª\Vof 4 x'G5 .
k]ml/,
A / S n] j|mdzM PSsf tf; / gd'gf If]q hgfpF5 .
∴ n(A) = 4
∴ n(S) = 51
n(A) 4 4
∴ P( A ) = = =
n(S) 51 51

ca,
1 4 4
∴ P(J∩A) / P(J / A) = P(J) × P(A) =
13
×
51
=
663

4. Ps ;]6 52 kQL /fd|/L lkm6]sf] tf;sf] ;]6af6 Pp6f tf; gx]/Lsg lgsfn]sf] tf; k'gM g/fvL
Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ b'O{cf]6f tf; lgsfNbf b'j} k6s cg'xf/ gePsf] tf; kg]{ ;Defjgf kQf
nufpg'xf];\ .
dfgf}F,
Ps ;]6 tf;df,
N / S n] j|mdzM cg'xf/ gePsf] tf; / gd'gf If]q hgfpF5 .
∴ n1(N) = 40
∴ n(S) = 52
n1 (N) 40 10
∴ P1( N ) = = =
n(S) 52 13

klxnf] tf;nfO{ k'gM ;f]xL Kofs]6df g/fVbf hDdf 52 – 1 = 51 cf]6} tf; x'G5g\ . / cg'xf/
gePsf] tf; klxn] g} Pp6f cfO;s]sf] cj:yfdf ca cg'xf/ gePsf] tf;sf] ;ª\Vof 39

x'G5 .
k]ml/,
 N / S n] j|mdzM cg'xf/ gePsf] tf; / gd'gf If]q hgfpF5 .
∴ n2(N) = 39
∴ n(S) = 51
n2 (N) 39 3
∴ P2( N ) = = =
n(S) 51 4

ca,
10 3 15
∴ P(N∩N) / P(N / N) = P1(N) × P2(N) =
13
×
4
=
26

lj|mofsnfk – 2

ljBfyL{nfO{ cfcfk\mgf] ;d"xdf /xL tnsf k|Zgx¿ 5nkmn;lxt ;dfwfg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
5. Pp6f /fd|/L lkm6]sf] tf;sf] ;]6af6 Pp6f tf; gx]/Lsg lgsfNbf cg'xf/ ePsf] tf; / Pp6f
l;Ssf xfjfdf kF\mofSbf k'R5/ cfpg] ;DefJotf slt x'G5 <
6. Ps ;]6 52 kQL /fd|/L lkm6]sf] tf;sf] ;]6af6 Pp6f tf; gx]/Lsg lgsfn]sf] tf; k'gM /fvL
Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ b'O{cf]6f tf; lgsfNbf klxnf] tf; lr8sf] / bf];|f] tf; PSsf kg]{ ;Defjgf
kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
d"Nofª\sg

Ps ;]6 52 kQL /fd|/L lkm6]sf] tf;sf] ;]6af6 Pp6f tf; gx]/Lsg lgsfn]sf] tf; k'gM g/fvL
Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ b'O{cf]6f tf; lgsfNbf b'j} k6s cg'xf/ ePsf] tf; kg]{ ;Defjgf kQf
nufpg'xf];\ .

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 283 sf] cEof; 14.2 sf] k|Zg g= 1 b]lv 6 ;Ddsf ;Dk"0f{ k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg
ug'{xf];\ .
 ;ftf}F / cf7f}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ljleGg b'O{ kf/:kl/s lgif]wlt jf kf/:kl/s clgif]lwt 36gfx¿nfO{ j[Iflrqdf k|:t't ug{
z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
;;fgf k\mnf; sf8{x¿, rf/ ;]6 tf;, rf6{k]k/x¿
lj|mofsnfk 1

ljBfyL{lar s]xL ;do b'O{ kf/:kl/s lgif]wlt jf kf/:kl/s clgif]lwt 36gfaf/] 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ .
o; j|mddf s]xL pbfx/0fx¿ klg lbg'xf];\ .

lj|mofsnfk 2

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;ª\Vofsf cfwf/df ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ ljBfyL{lar ljleGg b'O{ kf/:kl/s lgif]wlt jf kf/:kl/s clgif]lwt 36gfnfO{ s;/L
j[Iflrqdf k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fx¿ s]xL pbfx/0f;lxt 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1. s'g} Pp6f l;SsfnfO{ b'O{ k6s xfjfdf pkmfbf{ cfpg ;Sg] ;Dk"0f{ ;DefJotfnfO{ j[Iflrqdf
k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
oxfF,
H / T n] j|mdzM l;Ssfsf] cufl8sf] efu / k5fl8sf] efu hgfpF5 .
n(H) = 1 and n(T) = 1

;Dk"0f{ ;DefJotfx¿ j[Iflrqdf k|:t't ubf{,

2. s'g} Pp6f 8fO; b'O{ k6s ;dtn ;txdf u'8fpFbf 6 nfO{ lgMz]if efu hfg] ;ª\Vof cfpg]
;DefJotfnfO{ j[Iflrqdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
oxfF,
A / B n] j|mdzM 6 nfO{ lgMz]if efu hfg] ;ª\Vof / cGo ;ª\Vofx¿ hgfpF5 .
∴ A = {1, 2, 3, 6}
∴ n(A) = 4
∴ B = {4, 5}
∴ n(B) = 2
;Dk"0f{ ;DefJotfx¿ j[Iflrqdf k|:t't ubf{,

3. Ps ;]6 52 kQL /fd|/L lkm6]sf] tf;sf] ;]6af6 klxnf] tf; lgsfn]/ k'gM pSt ;]6df
gld;fO{ bf];|f] tf; lgsfNbf cg'xf/ ePsf] tf; cfpg ;Sg] ;DefJotfnfO{ j[Iflrqdf k|:t't
ug'{xf];\ .
oxfF,
F / N n] j|mdzM cg'xf/ ePsf] tf; / cg'xf/ gePsf] tf; hgfpF5 .
∴ n(F) = 12
∴ n(N) = 40
 ;Dk"0f{ ;DefJotfx¿ j[Iflrqdf k|:t't ubf{,

4. Pp6f emf]nfdf pxL cfsf/sf 4 cf]6f ;]tf] / 5 cf]6f xl/of] /ª ePsf u'Rrfx¿ 5g\ . olb
klxnf] u'Rrf lgsfn]/ k'gM pSt emf]nfdf gld;fO{ bf];|f] u'Rrf lgsfNbf cfpg ;Sg] ;Dk"0f{
;DefJotfnfO{ j[Iflrqdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
oxfF,
W / G n] j|mdzM cg'xf/ ePsf] tf; / cg'xf/ gePsf] tf; hgfpF5 .
∴ n(W) = 4
∴ n(N) = 5
;Dk"0f{ ;DefJotfx¿ j[Iflrqdf k|:t't ubf{,
d"Nofª\sg
5. Ps ;]6 52 kQL /fd|/L lkm6]sf] tf;sf] ;]6af6 klxnf] tf; lgsfn]/ k'gM pSt ;]6df
gld;fO{ bf];|f] tf; lgsfNbf lr8 tf; cfpg ;Sg] ;DefJotfnfO{ j[Iflrqdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
6. s'g} Pp6f l;SsfnfO{ tLg k6s xfjfdf pkmfbf{ cfpg ;Sg] ;Dk"0f{ ;DefJotfnfO{ j[Iflrqdf
k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
7. Pp6f emf]nfdf pxL cfsf/sf 6 cf]6f kx]Fnf] / 4 cf]6f a}hgL /ª ePsf anx¿ 5g\ . olb
klxnf] an lgsfn]/ k'gM pSt emf]nfdf ld;fO{ bf];|f] an lgsfNbf cfpg ;Sg] ;Dk"0f{
;DefJotfnfO{ j[Iflrqdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .

u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 288 sf] cEof; 14.3 sf] k|Zg g= 1 b]lv 5 ;Ddsf ;Dk"0f{ k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg
ug'{xf];\ .

gjf}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ ;DefJotf;Fu ;DalGwt Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
;;fgf k\mnf; sf8{x¿, s]xL ;]6 tf;, rf6{k]k/x¿
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;ª\Vofsf cfwf/df ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps Ps ;]6 tf;, rf6{k]k/x¿, /ª\uLg k]gx¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/L ;DefJotf;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ cjwf/0ffx¿ pbfx/0f;lxt
rf6{k]k/df JoSt ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . -o;df ljBfyL{n] Ps ;]6 tf;sf] ;Dk"0f{ hfgsf/L,
ljleGg tf;x¿sf] Psn ;Defjgfx¿, kf/:kl/s lgif]lwt Pjd\ kf/:kl/s clgif]lwt 36gfx¿
pbfx/0f;lxt JoSt ug]{, cgfl>t Pjd\ k/fl>t 36gfx¿ cfjZostfg';f/ /fVg] cflb
sfo{x¿ ljBfyL{n] 5nkmnaf6 Nofpg ;S5g\ ._
-3_ ljBfyL{n] tf]lsPsf] ;dodf tof/ u/]sf] ljj/0fnfO{ ;d"xut ¿kdf sIffdf k|:t't
u/fpg'xf];\ .
Gff]6 M ljBfyL{ l;sfOsf nflu cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sg dfkb08 2080 k|of]u u/L Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo
;d:of ;dfwfg sfo{ d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\ .
 kf7 15
lqsf]0fldlt (Trigonometry)

kl/ro
lqsf]0fldltdf prfO / b'/Lsf] cWoogn] prfO, b'/L, / sf]0fx¿;Fu ;DalGwt ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg
ug{ lqsf]0fldtLo cg'kftx¿sf] k|of]ux¿ af/] k|of]ufTds hfgsf/L lbOG5 . :yfg klxrfg, jf:t'snf,
/ ;j]{If0f h:tf jf:tljs hLjg kl/b[Zox¿df, sf]0f / b'/Llarsf] ;DaGw a'‰gdf klg o;sf] Jofks
k|of]u x'G5 . sin, cos, tan h:tf lqsf]0fldtLo sfo{x¿ k|of]u u/]/, JolStx¿n] :yfg cj:yf dfkg
/ sf]0fx¿ k|of]u u/]/ c1ft prfO jf b'/L lgwf{/0f ug{ ;S5g\ .
ljleGg ejgsf] prfO jf b'O{ j:t'larsf] b'/L cjnf]sg / sf]0f dfkgdf lqsf]0fldltn] Hofb} 7'nf]]
dbt k'¥ofpF5 . Jofjxfl/s pbfx/0fx¿ / ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ cEof;dfkm{t ljBfyL{n] HofldtLo
kl/l:yltx¿sf] ljZn]if0f ug{, lqsf]0fldtLo l;4fGtx¿ nfu' ug{, / ljleGg If]qdf ;fdgf ul/Psf
hl6n ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ l;k ljsf; u5{g\ . o; kf7df prfO Pjd\ b'/L;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg
zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug]{ sfo{ ul/g] 5 . o; kf7sf nflu kf7\oj|mdn] tf]s]sf l;sfO
pknlAwx¿ lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M
-s_ cjglt / pGgtf+z sf]0fsf] cjwf/0ff ljsf; ug{
-v_ prfO / b'/L;DaGwL Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{
o; kf7sf nflu hDdf kf7\oj|mdnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ 8 cg'dflgt 306fsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . t;y{
o; kf7cGtu{t\ ;dfj]z kf7of+zsf] ljefhg lgDgfg';f/ ul/Psf] 5 M
kf7\ok':tssf]
j|m=;= kf7\oj:t' cg'dflgt 306f
;DalGwt k[i7
!= pGgtf+z sf]0f / cjglt sf]0fsf] klxrfg 2 294 – 297
pGgtf+z sf]0f / cjglt sf]0fx¿;Fu ;DalGwt
@= 2 297 – 298, 301
zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ xn
pGgtf+z sf]0f / cjglt sf]0fx¿;Fu ;DalGwt
#= uf]nfsf/ rp/ / kf]v/L;DaGwL zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ 2 300, 303
xn
pGgtf+z sf]0f / cjglt sf]0fx¿;Fu ;DalGwt ?v
$= efFlrPsf cj:yfx¿;Fu ;DalGwt yk zflAbs 1 298, 301
;d:ofx¿ xn
%= Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ 1
hDdf 8
 klxnf] / bf];|f] lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ pGgtf+z sf]0f / cjglt sf]0fsf] klxrfg ug{ / gfKg.
-v_ ljleGg lqsf]0fldtLo cg'kftx¿sf] dfg ljleGg sf]0fx¿df k'g/fj[lQ ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
pGgtf+z / cjglt sf]0fx¿ gfKg] ;fwg -SnfOgf]ld6/_, HofldtLo ;fdu|Lx¿ tyf ;;fgf k|Zgx¿
n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{x¿ .
lj|mofsnfk 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ s'g} v'nf rp/ jf d}bfgdf nuL b'O{ b'O{ hgfsf] hf]8L ;d"xdf
afF8\g'xf];\ .
-v_ pGgtf+z sf]0f / cjglt sf]0fsf] cjwf/0ff ljsf; ug{sf nflu kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 294

b]lv 297 ;Dddf ePsf] lj|mofsnfk 1 / 2 Wofg;Fu k9\g nufpg'xf];\ .

-u_ s]xL ;dokl5 ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ sIffsf]7fdf Nofpg'xf];\ / tL hf]8L ;d"xdf /x]sf
ljBfyL{dWo] s]xL ;d"xx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] cWoogkl5 cfPsf s'/fx¿ k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
o; j|mddf cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .
-3_ ljBfyL{lar SnfOgf]ld6/ NofO{ s;/L pGgtf+z sf]0f Pjd\ cjglt sf]0f gfKg ;lsG5 eGg]
af/] lj|mofsnfk u/fpg'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 2

-s_ ljBfyL{;Fu pGgtf+z sf]0f Pjd\ cjglt sf]0faf/] yk 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ / o; j|mddf ljleGg
rf6{x¿ k|:t't u/L cfjZostfg';f/ ;xhLs/0f klg ug'{xf];\ .

∡BO
A = pGgtf+z sf]0f
To:t}u/L tnsf] lrqdf ∡DAC = cjglt sf]0f xf] .

lrq -s_ lrq -v_ lrq -u_

-v_ o;sf] ;Fu;Fu} ljBfyL{lar lqsf]0fldtLo cg'kft;Fu s]xL dfgs sf]0fx¿ x'Fbfsf dfgx¿af/]
klg 5nkmn;lxt tflnsf tof/ u/fpg'xf];\ . o;sf nflu kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g= 294 sf]
k'g/jnf]sg lj|mofsnfk Wofg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .

dfgx¿ 00 300 450 600 900

1 1 √3
Sin 0 1
2 √2 2
√3 1 1
Cos 1 0
2 √2 2
1
Tan 0 1 √3 ∞
√3

d"Nofª\sg
lbOPsf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
-c_ pGgtf+z sf]0fsf] lgdf{0f s;/L x'G5 <
-cf_ cjglt sf]0fsf] lgdf{0f s;/L x'G5 <
-v_ u[xsfo{
tnsf dfgx¿ kQf nufpg'xf];\ M
-c_ sin300 − cos300 . tan300

-cf_ sin300 (cos300 + sin600 )

-O_ tan300 . tan600 . cos450

-O{_ sin2 300 + cos2 600

-p_ sin2 450 + cos 2 450

t];|f] / rf}yf] lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ pGgtf+z sf]0f / cjglt sf]0fx¿;Fu ;DalGwt zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf rf6{x¿
lj|mofsnfk 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug{'xf];\ .

-v_ ljBfyL{sf] k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf] rf6{x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ k|To]s ;d"xx¿nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn u/L lbOPsf] k|Zgx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . o;
j|mddf ljBfyL{sf sfo{x¿ cjnf]sg u/L cfjZos ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿
1. Pp6f dflg;n] 160 ld6/ 6f9faf6 Pp6f cUnf] :tDesf] 6'Kkf] x]bf{ pGgtf+z sf]0f 600 kfpF5

eg] ;f] :tDesf] prfO slt /x]5 < kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

oxfF,
pGgtf+z sf]0f (∡ CAB ) = 600

:tDe / dflg;larsf] b'/L (AB) = 160 m

;dsf]0fL ∆ ABC df,

p BC
tan A = =
b AB

BC
or, tan 600 = 160

BC
or, √3 = 160

or, BC = 160√3

∴ BC = 277.13 m
 ∴ :tDesf] prfO 277.13 m /x]5 .

2. Pp6f 1.75 ld6/ cUnf] dflg;n] s'g} Pp6f 20 ld6/ cUnf] ejgsf] 6'Kkf] cjnf]sg ubf{
pGgtf+z sf]0f 300 kfpF5 eg] ;f] pSt dflg; / ejglarsf] b'/L slt /x]5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
oxfF,
pGgtf+z sf]0f (∡ TPS ) = 300

ejgsf] prfO (TR) = 20 m

dflg;sf] prfO (PQ) = 1.75 m = SR

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
TR = TS + SR
⟹ 20 = TS + 1.75
∴ TS = 18.25 m
;dsf]0fL ∆ TPS df,
p TS
tan P = =
b PS
18.25
⟹ tan 300 =
PS
1 18.25
⟹ =
√3 QR

⟹ QR = 18.25 × √3
∴ QR = 31.61 m

∴ pSt dflg; / ejglarsf] b'/L 31.61 m /x]5 .

3. s'g} Ps hgf dflg;n] Pp6f ejgsf] 5taf6 tn ;8sdf kfls{ªdf /fv]sf] sf/ cjnf]sg ubf{
cjglt sf]0f 450 kfP5 . olb sf/ / pSt ejglarsf] b'/L 55 ld6/ 5 eg] ejgsf] prfO kQf
nufpg'xf];\ .
oxfF,
cjglt sf]0f (∡ DAC ) = 450 = ∡ ACB

ejg / sf/larsf] b'/L (BC) = 55 m

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
;dsf]0fL ∆ ABC df,
p AB
tan C = =
b BC
 AB
⟹ tan 450 = 55

AB
⟹ 1 = 55

⟹ 55 = AB

∴ AB = 55 m

∴ pSt ejg prfO 55 m /x]5 .

4. Ps hgf 1.25 ld6/ cUnf] dflg; hldgsf] ;txdf /x]/ rª\uf p8fO/x]sf] 5 . olb rª\ufsf]
wfuf]n] lIflth;Fu 600 sf]0f agfO/x]sf] 5 / wfuf]sf] nDafO 61 ld6/ /x]5 eg] pSt rª\ufsf]
prfO hldgaf6 slt /x]5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
oxfF,
pGgtf+z sf]0f (∡ EAD ) = 600

dflg;sf] prfO (AB) = 1.25 m = DC

rª\ufsf] wfuf]sf] nDafO (AE) = 61 m

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
;dsf]0fL ∆ ADE df,
p ED
sin A = =
h AE

ED
⟹ sin 600 =
61

√3 ED
⟹ =
2 61

⟹ 61√3 = 2 ED
∴ ED = 52.83 m
ca,
EC = ED + DC
= 52.83 + 1.25
= 54.08 m
∴ pSt rª\ufsf] prfO hldgaf6 54.08 m /x]5 .
d"Nofª\sg

lbOPsf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
5. Pp6f 1.6 ld6/ cUnf] dflg;n] s'g} Pp6f 37.6 ld6/ cUnf] vDafsf] 6'Kkf] cjnf]sg ubf{
pGgtf+z sf]0f 600 kfpF5 eg] ;f] pSt dflg; / vDaflarsf] b'/L slt /x]5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

6. /f]ZgLn] Pp6f 125 ld6/ cUnf] ejgsf] 5taf6 tn ;8sdf ePsf] Pp6f 9'ª\uf cjnf]sg ubf{
cjglt sf]0f 300 kfO5g\ eg] ejg / pSt 9'ª\uflarsf] b'/L kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g=301 sf] k|Zg g=1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13 / 14, 15 / 16 k"/f ug'{xf];\ .

kfFrf}F / 5}6f}F lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ pGgtf+z sf]0f / cjglt sf]0fx¿;Fu ;DalGwt yk zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf rf6{x¿
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug{'xf];\ .

-v_ ljBfyL{sf] k|To]s ;d"xx¿nfO{ k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf] rf6{x¿ afF8\ g'xf];\ .
-u_ k|To]s ;d"xx¿nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn ul/ lbOPsf] k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lgsfNg nufpg'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿ M
1. Pp6f j[Qfsf/ 3fF;} rp/sf] If]qkmn 9856 ju{ ld6/ /x]sf] 5 / pSt rp/sf] l7s lardf Pp6f
vDaf ufl8Psf] 5 . olb rp/sf] j[Qfsf/ kl/lwsf] s'g} Pp6f 7fpFaf6 pSt vDafsf] 6'Kkf]
cjnf]sg ubf{ pGgtf+z sf]0f 600 kfOof] eg] ;f] vDafsf] prfO slt /x]5 < kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk – 1

ljBfyL{nfO{ s]xL ;do pSt vDafsf] prfO cg'dfg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . ;f] cg'dfg s] cfwf/df
ul/Psf] 5 ;f] s'/f JoQm ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . cGTodf ul0ftLo ;"qsf] k|of]u ul/ cfPsf] jf:tljs
prfO;Fu ;'?sf ljBfyL{sf cg'dflgt prfOx¿ t'ngf ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
oxfF,
pGgtf+z sf]0f (∡ BAO ) = 600

rp/sf] If]qkmn = 9856 sq. m

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
rp/sf] If]qkmn = πr 2
22
⟹ 9856 = × (AO)2
7

7 × 9856
⟹ = (AO)2
22
∴ AO = 56 m

;dsf]0fL ∆ ABO df,

p BO
tan A = =
b AO

BO
⟹ tan 600 =
56

BO
⟹ √3 =
56

∴ BO = 96.99 m

∴ pSt vDafsf] prfO 96.99 m /x]5 .

2. Pp6f j[Qfsf/ kf]v/Lsf] s]Gb|df Pp6f vDaf /x]sf] 5 h;sf] kfgLdflysf] prfO 11.62 m /x]sf]

5 . olb kf]v/Lsf] j[Qfsf/ kl/lwsf] s'g} Pp6f 7fpFaf6 1.62 m prfO ePsf] s'g} Pshgf
dflg;n] pSt vDafsf] 6'Kkf] cjnf]sg ubf{ pGgtf+z sf]0f 300 kfOof] eg] ;f] kf]v/Lsf] If]qkmn
slt /x]5 < kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
oxfF,
pGgtf+z sf]0f (∡ CBD ) = 300
 dflg;sf] prfO (AB) = 1.62 m = DO

vDafsf] prfO (CO) = 11.62 m

xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
OC = CD + OD
⟹ 11.62 = CD + 1.62
∴ CD = 10 m

;dsf]0fL ∆ BCD df,

p CD
tan B = =
b BD

10
⟹ tan 300 =
BD

1 10
⟹ =
√3 BD

∴ BD = 17.32 m = AO

ca,
kf]v/Lsf] If]qkmn = πr 2
22
= × (AO)2
7

22
= × (17.32)2
7

= 942.8 sq. m

3. Pp6f j[Qfsf/ kf]v/Lsf] Jof; 100 m 5 h;sf] s]Gb|df Pp6f vDaf /x]sf] 5 . olb kf]v/Lsf]
j[Qfsf/ kl/lwsf] s'g} Pp6f 7fpFaf6 pSt vDafsf] 6'Kkf] cjnf]sg ubf{ pGgtf+z sf]0f θ kfOof] .
kf]v/Lsf] ulx/fO 1.5 m eP / vDafsf] k"/f nDafO 51.5 m 5 eg] θ sf] dfg kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
oxfF,
pGgtf+z sf]0f (∡ BCO ) = θ

kf]v/Lsf] ulx/fO (CD) = 1.5 m = AO

vDafsf] k"/f prfO (AB) = 51.5 m

kf]v/Lsf] Jof; (AD) = 50 m = CO

 xfdLnfO{ yfx 5,
AB = BO + AO

⟹ 51.5 = BO + 1.5

⟹ BO = 50 m

;dsf]0fL ∆ BCO df,

p BO
tan C = =
b CO

BO
⟹ tan θ =
CO

50
⟹ tan θ =
50

⟹ tan θ = 1

⟹ θ = tan−1 (1)

∴ θ = 450

d"Nofª\sg

tn pNn]v ul/Psf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
4. Pp6f j[Qfsf/ kf]v/Lsf] s]Gb|df Pp6f vDaf /x]sf] 5 h;sf] kfgLdflysf] prfO 15.50 m /x]sf]

5 . olb kf]v/Lsf] j[Qfsf/ kl/lwsf] s'g} Pp6f 7fpFaf6 1.5 m prfO ePsf] s'g} Pshgf
dflg;n] pSt vDafsf] 6'Kkf] cjnf]sg ubf{ pGgtf+z sf]0f 600 kfOof] eg] ;f] kf]v/Lsf] If]qkmn
slt /x]5 < kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
5. Pp6f j[Qfsf/ kf]v/Lsf] Jof; 150 m 5 h;sf] s]Gb|df Pp6f vDaf /x]sf] 5 . olb kf]v/Lsf]
j[Qfsf/ kl/lwsf] s'g} Pp6f 7fpFaf6 pSt vDafsf] 6'Kkf] cjnf]sg ubf{ pGgtf+z sf]0f β kfOof] .
kf]v/Lsf] ulx/fO 2.75 m eP / vDafsf] k"/f nDafO 82.75 m 5 eg] β sf] dfg kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g+=303 sf] k|Zg g+= 7 / 12 ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .
 ;ftf}F lkl/o8

l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ pGgtf+z sf]0f / cjglt sf]0fx¿;Fu ;DalGwt yk zflAbs ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
;;fgf k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf ;;fgf rf6{x¿ .
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg ;d"xx¿df ljefhg ug{'xf];\ .

-v_ ljBfyL{sf] k|To]s ;d"xx¿nfO{ k|Zgx¿ n]lvPsf] rf6{x¿ afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ k|To]s ;d"xx¿nfO{ cfk;df 5nkmn ul/ lbOPsf] k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lgsfNg nufpg'xf];\ .
k|Zgx¿ M
1. Pp6f 15 m cUnf] ?v x'/L atf;sf] sf/0fn] efFlrP/ g5'6\l6Psf] cj:yfdf To;sf] 6'Kkf]n]
hldgdf 5F'bf hldg;Fu 600 sf]0f agfPsf] kfOof] . oxfF ?vsf] efFlrPsf] efusf] nDafO slt
x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .
oxfF,
pGgtf+z sf]0f (∡ CAB ) = 600

?vsf] efFlrPsf] efusf] nDafO (AC) = x m -dfgf}F_

?vsf] afFsL efusf] nDafO (BC) = (15 – x) m

;dsf]0fL ∆ ABC df,

p BC
sin A = =
h AC

15 − x
⟹ sin 600 =
𝑥

√3 15 − x
⟹ =
2 𝑥

⟹ √3 𝑥 = 2(15 − 𝑥)

⟹ √3 𝑥 = 30 − 2𝑥

⟹ 1.73𝑥 + 2𝑥 = 30
 ⟹ 3.73 x = 30

∴ x = 8.04

∴ AC = 8.04 m

∴ pSt ?vsf] efFlrPsf] efusf] nDafO 8.04 m /x]5 .

2. Pp6f ?v x'/L atf;sf] sf/0fn] efFlrP/ g5'6\l6Psf] cj:yfdf To;sf] 6'Kkf]n] hldgdf 5F'bf
hldg;Fu agfPsf] kfOof] . olb ?vsf] efFlrPsf] efun] ?vsf] k]mbaf6 15√3 m
300 sf]0f

6f9f hldgdf 5f]Psf] 5 eg] efFlrg'eGbf cufl8sf] ?vsf] jf:tljs prfO slt lyof] xf]nf, kQf
nufpg'xf];\ .
oxfF,
pGgtf+z sf]0f (∡ CAB ) = 300

?vsf] efFlrPsf] efusf] 6'Kkf] / k]mblarsf] b'/L (AB) = 15√3 m

;dsf]0fL ∆ ABC df,

p BC
tan A = =
b AB

BC
⟹ tan 300 = 15√3

1 BC
⟹ =
√3 15√3

∴ BC = 15 m

Again,
b AB
cos A = =
h AC

15√3
⟹ cos 300 = AC

√3 15√3
⟹ =
2 AC

∴ AC = 30 m
ca,
efFlrg'eGbf cufl8sf] ?vsf] jf:tljs prfO = BC + AC

= 15 + 30

= 45 m

lj|mofsnfk – 2

ljBfyL{nfO{ klxn]s} ;d"xdf a;L tnsf] prfO / b'/L ;DaGwL zflAbs ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{
nufpg'xf];\ / k|fKt glthf sIffdf 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .

3. Pp6f 18 m cUnf] ?v x'/L atf;sf] sf/0fn] efFlrP/ g5'6\l6Psf] cj:yfdf To;sf] 6'Kkf]n]
hldgdf 5F'bf hldg;Fu 300 sf]0f agfPsf] kfOof] . oxfF ?vsf] efFlrPsf] efusf] nDafO slt
x'G5, kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

d"Nofª\sg

tn pNn]v ul/Psf ;d:ofx¿ sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{{df lbO{ k/LIf0f u/]/ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ sIffsfo{
1. Pp6f ?v x'/L atf;sf] sf/0fn] efFlrP/ g5'6\l6Psf] cj:yfdf To;sf] 6'Kkf]n] hldgdf 5F'bf
hldg;Fu 600 sf]0f agfPsf] kfOof] . olb ?vsf] efFlrPsf] efun] ?vsf] k]mbaf6 8 m
6f9f hldgdf 5f]Psf] 5 eg] efFlrg'eGbf cufl8sf] ?vsf] jf:tljs prfO slt lyof] xf]nf, kQf
nufpg'xf];\ .

-v_ u[xsfo{
kf7\ok':tssf] k[i7 g+=301 sf] k|Zg g+= 4 ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .

cf7f}F lkl/o8
l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ prfO / b'/L;Fu ;DalGwt Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L
k\mnf; sf8{x¿, SnfOgf]ld6/, nDafO gfKg] lkmQf .
lj|mofsnfk – 1

-s_ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;ª\Vofsf] cfwf/df ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ PsPs ;]6 SnfOgf]ld6/ / nDafO gfKg] lkmQf afF8\g'xf];\ .
-u_ k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ cfk\mgf] j/k/ s'g} cUnf] efudf /x]sf] j:t' jf xf]rf] efudf /x]sf] PsPs
cf]6f j:t'sf] cjnf]sg u/L ltgLx¿sf] prfO / b'/Lsf cfwf/df aGg] sf]0fx¿ / b'/Lsf
cfwf/df ag]sf] prfOx¿ Dffkg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ ljBfyL{n] tf]lsPsf] ;dodf tof/ u/]sf] ljj/0fnfO{ ;d"xut ¿kdf sIffdf k|:t't
u/fpg'xf];\ .

Gff]6M ljBfyL{ l;sfOsf nflu cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sg dfkb08 2080 k|of]u ul/ Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo
;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\ .
 cg';"rL
cg';"rL != gd'gf ?la|S;
Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ d"Nofª\sg ?la|S;
;d"xut Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg sfo{ k|:t'ltsf] d"Nofª\sg ?la|S;

If]q cfwf/ ;"rs cª\s k|fKtfª\s

ul0ftLo hfgsf/Lx¿sf] ;ª\sng, Aofhx¿;DaGwL
cfjZos ;lx ;"qx¿ n]vg tyf hfgsf/Lcg';f/
2
dfgx¿sf] k|lt:yfkg tyf u0fgf sfo{x¿df s'g} q'l6
gePsf]
ul0ftLo hfgsf/Lx¿sf] ;ª\sng, Aofhx¿;DaGwL
cfjZos ;lx ;"qx¿ n]vg tyf hfgsf/Lcg';f/
1.5
dfgx¿sf] k|lt:yfkg tyf u0fgf sfo{x¿df ;fdfGo q'l6
ul0ftLo
1 1fgsf] ePsf] / k[i7kf]if0fkl5 ;RofOPsf]
z'4tf ul0ftLo hfgsf/Lx¿sf] ;ª\sng, Aofhx¿;DaGwL
cfjZos ;lx ;"qx¿ n]vg tyf hfgsf/Lcg';f/
1
dfgx¿sf] k|lt:yfkgdf s]lx uNtLx¿ ePsf tyf u0fgf
sfo{x¿df q'l6 ePsf] / k[i7kf]if0fkl5 ;RofOPsf]
Aofhx¿;DaGwL cfjZos ;lx ;"qx¿ n]v]sf t/
hfgsf/Lcg';f/ dfgx¿sf] k|lt:yfkgdf uNtLx¿ ePsf 0.5

tyf u0fgf sfo{x¿df klg cTolwt q'l6 ePsf]

cg';"rL @=
ljBfyL{ JolStut kl/of]hgf sfo{ k|:t'ltsf] d"Nofª\sg ?la|S;

ljBfyL{sf] gfd M sIff M ljifo M

cfwf/ut k|fKtfª\s
k|of]ufTds
j|m=;+=
÷ kl/of]hgf ul0ftLo
;fdu|Lsf] 5nkmndf sfo{ k|Zgf]Q/df
sfo{ 1fgsf] ;do;Ldf k|:t'tLs/0f clen]vLs/0f
:t/OLtf ;xefuLtf ;DkGgtf ;xefuLtf
z'4tf
1
2
3
4
5