Review Paper On Alcohol Detection And Vehicle

Engine Locking System

Dr. K. Ravi Kumar1,Yellapu Neeraj Kumar2, Midathana Kisran3, Urikiti Teja4, MD Shakeer5

Professor1, U.G. Students2,3,4,5

Department of ECE, N. S. Raju Institute of Technology, Sontyam, Visakhapatnam, A.P, India
DOI: 10.47750/pnr.2022.13.S09.1180

Alcohol driving is the foremost cause of road accidents Alcohol detection requires the stopping vehicles and it manually scan
the driver’s breath analysers. In the system that allows an alcohol sensor with Arduino board and LCD display to show alcohol
is detected and it automatically lock the vehicle’s motor. The work is developed by integrating sensors based on alcohol
content detection conglomerating with Microcontroller board like Arduino Uno, ATmega328 is more versatile in handling
more functions than any other conventional microcontroller. The MQ3 module is used to detect alcohol particles with a
reasonable sensitivity range of about 2 meters, suitable for all types of vehicles. Thus, the system provides alcohol detection
using engine locking through Arduino automatically.

Keywords: Alcohol detection, Arduino Uno, MQ3 Sensor, LCD, Engine Locking.

INTRODUCTION
The current scenario shows that most traffic accidents are caused by drunk driving. Because drunk drivers are not
stable, reckless driving may occur on expressways, endangering the lives of road dwellers, including the driver
[1]. The inseparable habit of drinking alcohol and then driving the vehicle which is a serious offence in the eyes
of law. The issue is also a serious public health concern and could become a major concern in the coming days.
The arrangement developed targets to lower down the risk of driving and also reduce the misfortune on road in
the coming days due to drunken driver. The work done in this area uses different application of electronic sensors
and microcontroller [2]. This research deals with the development of an alcohol sensor that measures changes in
alcohol particles present in the air. Such kind of detector is known as a breath analyser, as it used to finding the
analysis of the alcohol content present in human breathe. This product contains a detector, microcontroller and
other electronic components that detect the presence of alcohol in the surroundings and immediately block the
fuel and stop the engine. This activity is an arrangement to ensure passenger safety as it do not allow drunk drivers
to keep their engines running.

In civilized culture use of alcohol is taken as a tradition. This custom is also associated with traditions
used at festivals and various private parties [3]. A small amount of alcohol alters human behaviour, reducing
physical activity and behaviour. A person who consumes alcohol changes the blood alcohol concentration in the
body, which affects bodily functions. There is a direct relationship between blood alcohol concentration and breath
alcohol concentration [4]. This type of loss of self-control is extremely dangerous and can lead to car crashes,
which can endanger people in vehicles and on the road[5].The law has many laws such as fines, driver's license
suspension etc, so that this is minimised [6]. The above-mentioned causes show the necessity of a simple, accurate

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and precise instrument to be used by the automobile manufacturers and vehicle modifiers so that due to the alcohol
content in the air inside the car, the car will not start [6, 7]. People's consumption is more common among the
young, who drink and cause accidents due to rash driving. For the blood alcohol content measurement blood
samples have to be taken but for breath alcohol concentration measurement there are sensors available which
detects breathe [7, 8]. The system proposed is developed on embedded applications on Arduino family of boards
[9].Worrying about the drunken driving the Project suggests the system to overcome the issue but using mQ2
alcohol sensor has come flames [10].MQ2 alcohol sensor is not authentic and increases the possibility of false
alarm, whereas we can use MQ3, which is highly authentic.

To cope with helmet negligence and alcohol detection simultaneous the writer proposed a system which
is very complicated and use of P89V57RD2 microcontroller [11]. It highly expensive also this system can only
be equipped with 2 wheelers whereas Arduino Uno microcontroller is economical as well as can be equipped with
any class of vehicle making it more authentic and successful [12]. 1.25 million traffic deaths were recorded
globally in 2013 with the low- and middle-income countries having higher fatality rates per a 100K population
(24.1% and 18.4% respectively). Information collected showed that several of economic vehicles drivers in Bharat
admitted to drinking alcohol throughout operating days [13].

From refer no [14] Alcohol detection system has an alcohol sensor, the driver turns on the ignition, a
sensor measures the alcohol concentration in his exhaled breath and automatically stops the car if he is intoxicated
is shown in fig:1. In this system, the sensor provides a current linearly related to alcohol molecules from zero to
very high concentrations. Output from the sensor is sent to the Pic microcontroller for comparison. When the
measured value reaches the threshold, the relay will automatically turn off and the buzzer will sound.

Fig. 1: System Architecture

The disadvantages of this PIC 16F877Ais,it is not flexible on platform option like ROS. The length of
the program is high due to using RISC architecture and doesn’t support many third-party libraries. To overcome
these drawbacks, it is better to use Arduino uno because it is anopen source in hardware and programming ease
can support many third-party libraries. It can use in any platforms. Also, they have used a PIC microcontroller
which is expensive when compared to Arduino Uno which is open sourced [15].

In Alcohol detection system detects the content of alcohol in the breath and thus it attempts to clamp
down alcoholics shown in figure 2 [16]. This system uses PIC16F877A, LCD display, MQ-3gas sensor, relay and
buzzer. The output of the sensor is directly proportional to the alcohol content
consumed. they have used an old design system which is not useful and increases the overall cost of the system
which makes it expensive and somewhat unaffordable to certain segments as a result, its application scope is
limited. Hence, our system is more cost effective and can be easily afforded [17].

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 Fig. 2: System Architecture

To develop this system by adding dc motor for controlling a vehicle. If the alcohol detects by MQ-3gas
sensor the dc motor will turn off itself also shows the concentration of alcohol in LCD and buzzer will on.
Review on development of Alcohol detection systems

Fig. 3: System Architecture

This fig:3 is intended with MQ3 alcohol sensor which is controlled by Arduino Uno [18]. The MQ3
sensor is used to measure the alcohol content of the driver. The power supply is given to Arduino Uno and 5V
supply is given to the MQ3 sensor from Arduino. The MQ3 sensor will pass the information of alcohol
concentration to the Arduino Uno.

HARD WARE REQUIREMENTS:

(a) Arduino UNO

R3Arduino Uno is micro-controller development board that works on Atmega-328P. The fig:4 shows that Arduino
results to numerous various functions like Microcontroller area unit [19], computer circuit unit, primarily little
computers that will run tiny easy software package programs, The Area Unit has plenty of steam power to last for
years on various batteries, but it's ready to measure information much faster than the human brain can conceive.
A microcontroller board called the Arduino Uno Rev3 SMD is based on the ATmega328. It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM output), 6 analogy inputs, 16MHz ceramic resonator
(CSTCE16M0Va USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It includes everything needed
to support the microcontroller to get started, simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable, or power it with
an AC-to-DC adapter battery.

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 Fig. 4: Arduino Uno

(b). Alcohol Sensor (MQ3)

This MOS-based sensor is employed to detect alcohol. Its sensitivity to gases like CO and benzene is modest,
whereas its sensitivity to alcohol is strong. SnO2 may be used to vary the sensitivity, making it useful for sensing
alcohol. When the concentration of the alcohol is high the resistivity of the sensor will change and hence the
output voltage will change.Within a 2-meter range, this can detect the presence of alcohol. Fig.5 shows the
diagram of this type of sensor mentioned [18]. Thus, the sensor is very useful component in such type of system
which is used in sensing air from breath.

Fig. 5: Alcohol Sensor- MQ3 Sensor

(c). Liquid Crystal Display

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Fig. 6: LCD Display

Fig: 6 shows a 16X2 LCD is a device used to display messages in the form of text and numbers [18]. It
is easy to program and can be used with various microcontrollers. It is preferred over the 7-segment display for
ease of use and convenience. The 16X2 LCD has two registers, command and data. The command registers stores
command instructions given to the LCD. Commands are instructions given to the LCD to perform predefined
tasks such as initialization, clearing the screen, setting cursor position, controlling the display, etc. Data registers
store the data displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the characters displayed on the LCD. In our
project the LCD plays a very important role in displaying information about the current status of the system.

(d). Buzzer

Fig. 7: Buzzer

The system can use buzzers to warn nearby people, analyse the situation and take necessary actions
accordingly. Figure 7 shows that the buzzer is connected to pin 3 of the Arduino Uno [18]. Activated whenever
the MQ3 sensor detects alcohol. Its frequency and tone can be changed and used as needed. So, it's an easy and
cheap way to get people's attention to warn them and show them that something is wrong. The motor and buzzer
are connected to a transistor BC547 which acts as a driver IC. Control the function of these components based on
the voltage they receive.

(e). DC Motor

Fig. 8: DC motor
In this paper the developedsystemis by connecting a DC motor which represents a vehicle[9]. Fig:8 shows
a direct current (DC) motor, which is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
[18]. The input electrical energy in a DC motor is direct current, which is converted into mechanical rotation.When
the buzzer is on then the DC motor will automatically stop running.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

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Fig. 9: Schematic Diagram

The detected analogue voltage values are read by the microcontroller; the Arduino Uno board contains 8
channels, 10-bit device that changes an analogue voltage on a pin to a digital number.
The fig:9 schematic shows the system will link input voltages from 0-5V with values from 0-1023V to generate
5Vs for every 1024 units[19]. The system will process the analogue signal and convert it to digital value of 0 or
1. Also, the analogue values from the alcohol sensor will be scaled to percentage, and this percentage is equivalent
to the analogue voltage values in ppm (part per million).The first state is the state of intoxication. The second state
is a little drunkenness and the final stage is drunkenness. Each level is a condition for completing tasks based on
alcohol content. During the poisoning phase only the LED indicator is active, the alarm is turned off and the
engine is turned on. Stage 2 turns on alarms, green LED indicators and motors. Finally, in stage three, the driver
is mentally and physically inactive, so the engine will be turned off while the alarm and red LED are activated.

RESULT
When an alcoholic attempts to drive a car, an alcohol sensor detects the presence of alcohol, shuts down the car's
engine, sounds an alarm, and causes nearby people to switch seats. Peoples are aware of situation by the help of
“LCD screen” present in the vehicles and hence take required action, can avoid any kind of loss of life by using
this system. All equipment are totally tested and connected as there by giving us the needed result required.

Fig. 10: Alcohol is not detected

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 Fig. 11: Alcohol is detected

The figure 10 shows that initially no alcohol is detected hence the motor is in ON condition, green LED glows
and the buzzer is in off state [19]. The figure 11 shows that whenever the alcohol is detected in the breath of the
person driving the vehicle automatically the motor is in OFF condition, green LED OFF, red LED glows and the
buzzer is in ON state gives indication alcohol is detected [19]. However, our system can be integrated to not only
2 wheelers, but also with any kind of vehicle thereby preventing more accidents and saving more people [20].

CONCLUSION
In fig:1 system shows the sensor provides a current linearly related to alcohol molecules from zero to very high
concentrations. Output from the sensor is sent to the PIC microcontroller for comparison. When the measured
value reaches the threshold, the relay will automatically turn off and the buzzer will sound. Further development
done to fig:1 by adding an LCD display shown in fig: 2, this system uses PIC16F877A, LCD display, MQ-3gas
sensor, relay and buzzer. The output of the sensor is directly proportional to the alcohol content consumed. In
place of PIC microcontroller, we can use Arduino uno for better performance shown in fig:3. This fig:3 is intended
with MQ3 alcohol sensor which is controlled by Arduino Uno. The MQ3 sensor is used to measure the alcohol
content of the driver. The power supply is given to Arduino Uno and 5V supply is given to the MQ3 sensor from
Arduino. The MQ3 sensor will pass the information of alcohol concentration to the Arduino Uno. This is a highly
effective way to develop intelligent systems to deal with vehicles and reduce the number of drunk driving
accidents. Vehicle safety becomes dynamically important as awareness grows among people. The future extent
of this structure is to control setbacks caused by alcohol consumption. This system is fascinating for the vehicle
business in terms of improving personal safety and reducing technical obstacles.

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