Proceedings of the International Conference on Self Sustainable Artificial Intelligence Systems (ICSSAS 2023)

IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP22DN7-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-0085-7

Advanced Power Management for Electric Vehicle

Charging Station

Lakshmipriya N Ayyappan S Hema P

Associate Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronics Department of Electrical and Electronics Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, Engineering, Engineering,
Jai Shriram Engineering College, Jai Shriram Engineering College, Jai Shriram Engineering College,
2023 International Conference on Self Sustainable Artificial Intelligence Systems (ICSSAS) | 979-8-3503-0085-7/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICSSAS57918.2023.10331832

Tamil Nadu, India Tamil Nadu, India Tamil Nadu, India

[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Arulmozhi P Kalaiselvi B Gokul C

Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Associate Professor
Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Electrical and Electronics Department of Electrical and Electronics
KSR Institute for Engineering and Engineering, Engineering,
Technology Jai Shriram Engineering College, Velalar College of Engineering and
[email protected] Tamil Nadu, India Technology, Erode, India
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract- As the number of autos on the road continues to Because electric vehicles are growing more popular,
rise at an alarming rate, the day will come when automobiles charging stations have been constructed in towns and
will outnumber humans. As a result of such a tragedy, already villages all over the wo rld. Electric vehicle prices have
scarce resources like fossil fuels would be depleted. As the dropped dramatically in recent years. As the number of
number of hybrid and electric vehicles on the road grows, it is
critical to extend the charging station network. Superchargers electric vehicles on the road grows, there has been a
and mega chargers allow high-capacity vehicles to quickly noticeable increase in the nu mber of large-scale EVCS
recharge their batteries. This initiative was the first of its kind planned and built. Electric vehicle (EV) charg ing stations
due to the manner in which it was put together. This research were built to be easily connected to freshly installed power
looks at the several types of energy that can be used to charge infrastructure.
electric vehicles (EVs), with a focus on solar energy and
traditional utility electricity. To assist cars and pedestrians in Batteries and other energy storage systems are
locating available parking places, a parking sensor system with required for the proper operation of power infrastructures
LCD displays has been installed. Invoicing will begin as soon as
that use renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV)
a vehicle parks in a zone that requires a pass. This is true
whether or not the driver possesses the necessary license. After solar panels. The emergence of solar photovoltaic (PV)
the charging procedure has been successfully completed, the technology triggered this problem. This innovative idea
transaction can be completed by transmitting the agre ed-upon transforms the sun's rays into useable electricity. People feel
sum using the RFID card. that electric vehicles (EVs) are mo re useful than cars with
internal co mbustion engines (ICEs) since their engines are
Keywords—Electric Vehicle Charging S tation(EVCS ), fueled by batteries. The vast majority o f auto mobiles are
Electric Vehicle (EV), Voltage Sensor, Current Sensor, IR powered by gasoline-fueled internal co mbustion engines.
S ensor This article looks at the protocols required for a 3 kW PV-
EV charger to charge and discharge a 2 kW electric vehicle.
I. INTRODUCTION
The output capacity of an electric vehicle is measured in
Because of the extensive use of fossil fuels in kilowatts (kW). The primary focus of the laboratory
transportation, air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions experiment was pulse width modulation (PWM), a technique
are worsening. This must be rectified as quickly as possible. used to govern the passage of electric charge. The "Pulse
Nu merous organizations and nations have set lofty goals for Width Modulation" (PWM) approach has been shown to be
lin king EVs to current power grids in order to build a more effective. To support the installation of h igh-voltage batteries
sustainable, environmentally friendly, and safe future. As a in EVs and PHEVs, a ubiquitous input EV charg ing station
result, it is more important than ever to carefully plan and was built. This was done to make the operation more
implement the usage of electric vehicles. The primary focus realistic. The adjustment is expected to hasten the
of this presentation will be on how hu man energy usage widespread construction of the infrastructure required for
affects the natural environment. electric mobility.

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 Proceedings of the International Conference on Self Sustainable Artificial Intelligence Systems (ICSSAS 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP22DN7-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-0085-7

In response to this trend, professionals in the field have combustion engine or an alternative propulsion system. The
spent the better part of the last decade researching solar- major power source for an electric motor is batteries,
powered electric vehicle (EV) charging station technology although oil or petroleu m can also be used to complement this
and finding its ideal application [2]. Cu rrently, an issue power supply. Plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging
makes it more difficult to charge many plug-in electric cars stations are designed to provide electricity exclusively to PEV
(PEVs) at the same time. The primary goal of this research is batteries. Charger, EV charger, and EVSE (electric vehicle
to discover how long plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) batteries supply equipment) are all abbreviations for the same item.
should be charged for optimu m performance. The
fundamental goal of this research is to determine the ideal
pricing approach that meets operational objectives wh ile
ensuring the economy functions as effectively as possible.
To fully charge the batteries, increase the power and
decrease the discharge current [11]. This enables for faster
charging while maintaining safety.

TYPES OF CHARGING

The two most common charging methods for electric

vehicles on the market today are alternating current (AC) and
direct current (DC). Two d ifferent types of energy are used
in these stages. However, there is another way to classify
items.
A. Conducti ve Charging

Typically, conductive charging necessitates a physical

connection between the power source and the battery of an Fig1. Outline of Electric Vehicle Charging Station
electric vehicle. This connection is required for the charging
operation to succeed. Stanford University researchers have Most current EVs include an AC-to-DC converter,
devised a new method for transmitting power directly to allo wing them to be charged using a typical household wall
mobile items such as electric vehicles and portable electronic socket. This is critical since charg ing batteries requires direct
devices. The majority of Honda's most recent advancements current (DC) energy. These public locations, common ly
are around the transmission of electricity fro m the vehicle's referred to as "AC charging stations," provide both direct
blades to the road wh ile the vehicle is mov ing. When the current (DC) and alternating current (AC) energy. These
vehicle is going at or above 70 km/h, 100 kW (DC 375 V, stations have litt le capacity and are relatively cheap. The
300 A) of electricity is consumed. AC-to-DC converter is situated in the charging station rather
than the car since larger converters are necessary for high -
B. Inductive Charging power charging. Because of the requirement for efficient
electricity transfer, this decision was made. As a result, it is
An electric vehicle (EV) does not need to be precisely the charging station's obligation to convert AC power into
aligned with a socket or dock in order to connect to an DC power and provide it to the vehicle.
inductive pad at a charging station, according to Faraday's
law of induction. This is due to the fact that inductive III. PRO PO SED METHO DO LO GY
charging uses magnetic fields rather than direct currents. It has been claimed that installing various solar and
Charging fro m a greater d istance is made possible by wind energy producing technologies could assist in meeting
resonant inductive coupling between the sender and receiver the demand for more EV charging stations. As the number of
coils. Th is is a better way to make use of the available space. electric vehicles on the road grows, so will the number of
The recently accepted SAE J2954 standard allows for people using charging stations. At the power plant, solar
inductive charging of automobiles with up to 11 kW of panels and wind turbines are used to generate electricity,
power via a pad [14]. which is subsequently stored in batteries. You will be able to
It is possible that the charging rate could be enhanced by see if there are any parking places available for only charging
combin ing two d istinct charging methods. Our team vehicles on an LCD screen.
exclusively considers conductive charging while building
Electric Veh icle Charg ing Systems (EVCS). Reputable The voltage and current monitors will begin
automotive manufacturers are studying ways to establish measuring the outlet as soon as the vehicle is attached to the
mobile charging stations. These firms are now investigating charging station. An analog display will be used in this case.
this new technology because it may be useful for genetic When the monitor senses something out of the ordinary, the
engineering power is quickly turned off. To charge an electric vehicle,
each user uses the RFID identifier in the same way that a
II. ELECTRIC VEHICLECHARGING STATION debit card is used.
PHEVs are p lug-in hybrid electric vehicles having an
electric powertrain and either a conventional internal

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 Proceedings of the International Conference on Self Sustainable Artificial Intelligence Systems (ICSSAS 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP22DN7-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-0085-7

PROPOSED PROTOTYPE: Figure 2 d isp lays a model o f an electric veh icle

charg ing stat ion. Th is model now has the fo llowing
features.
ATMEGA328 MICROCONTROLLER:

Many Arduino devices, including the UNO, Pro Mini,

and Nano, use ATmega328 microcontrollers. The Microchip
ATmega328 AVR microcontroller has 8 bits of memory and 28
ports. It is built on the RISC architecture. Microchip is the firm
that makes it. It has 32 KB of internal program memory and is
powered by flash technology. There are two kilobytes of static
random-access memory (SRAM) and one kilobyte of erasable
programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) on the device.
The operational voltage range of the device is 3.3 to 5.5
volts, with 5 volts acting as the de facto standard and the most
commonly selected voltage. This device offers many
advantages, including as low power consumption,
Fig2.PrototypeModel
programming safeguards, real-time counters, and various
oscillators. This microprocessor is used in a number of self-
contained operating systems. These items and systems
necessitate a simple and low-cost manufacturing solution.

Fig 3.Block Diagram

VOLTAGESENSORMODULE25V: The voltage entering the red terminal is halved

since this module is based on the concept of a resistive
The Vo ltage Sensor Module 25V can lo wer an voltage divider. This is possible because a resistor may
input voltage by a factor of 5 by using a potential divider. divide the energy. A microcontroller like the Arduino can
As a result, the module might include features that are not only take analog values up to 5 volts. The voltage detector
only simple to use but also incredibly useful. The analog module can handle up to 25V, which may be estimated by
input can now be used to measure values that are outside multiplying 5V by 5.
the range of the microcontroller's internal sensors.

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 Proceedings of the International Conference on Self Sustainable Artificial Intelligence Systems (ICSSAS 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP22DN7-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-0085-7

ACS712 CURRENT SENSOR: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

(RFID)READER:
A sensor that sends a signal in the form of an analog
voltage or a digital output that is exactly proportional to the The RFID reader, also known as a radio frequency
amount of current being measured can be used to detect identification reader, serves as a device utilized for the
current in a wire or circuit. Direct sensing and indirect purpose of reading RFID tags, which are employed to
sensing are the two approaches for detecting the presence of facilitate the tracking of specific objects. The transmission
an electric current. Oh m's law can be used to calculate how of data fro m the tag to a reader occurs through the utilization
much a wire's voltage drops as electric current flows through of radio waves.
it.
The ACS712 current gauge uses "indirect sensing" to In princip le, RFID technology can be likened to bar codes.
determine the amount of current present. When measuring Nevertheless, it is not imperative to directly scan the RFID
current flow, the necessary integrated circuit (IC) utilizes a tag or have a line-of-sight connection with a reader. In order
linear and low-offset Hall sensor circuit. A sensor is for an RFID tag to be successfully read, it is necessary for
connected to a copper conductor channel at the integrated the tag to be within the reading range of an RFID reader,
circuits apex. The hall sensor is used to measure current which typically spans fro m 3 to 300 feet. RFID technology
because it can detect the magnetic field generated when enables rapid scanning of multip le objects and facilitates the
current flows through a copper wire. efficient identification of specific products, even in the
The proximity of the magnetic signal to the hall presence of numerous surrounding items.
sensor determines the device's precision. As the distance
between the source and receiver decreases, so does the IV. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT:
quality of the magnetic signal received by the receiver.
In 1998, Simone Canella was responsible for the
IR SENSOR (PARKING SENSOR): development of Proteus, a procedural programming
language. Proteus is a h ighly co mprehensive programming
In this context, a diagram shows how the IR sensor language for text manipulat ion, as it integrates a wide range
acts as an object recognition sensor. A photodiode, an of features derived fro m various programming languages
infrared light-emitting diode (LED), or an opto-coupler such as C, BASIC, Assembly, and clipper/dBase. The
comprise an infrared (IR) sensor. programming language exhibits a high degree of versatility
When an infrared (IR) transmitter is used, some of in its handling of strings, offering a wide range of specialized
the energy is reflected back to the IR detector. The sensor's functions dedicated to this purpose.
signal strength was evaluated by how efficiently the IR
detector detected the signal. The infrared obstacle avoidance V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
sensor is made up of two sensors, one transmitting and the
other receiving infrared signals. The infrared LED generates In this Result, the following parameters are discussed,
reflected infrared signals when an object blocks the infrared
light. The signal is discernible by the listener after it has 1. Parking Slot
passed through the barrier.
When the sensor senses an obstruction, it sends a 2. Levels of Charging
low-amp litude signal to the OUT pin, causing the LED 3. Unit Consumption
indication to light up. The monitor can measure distances
ranging fro m 2 to 30 cm. The sensitivity of the sensor can be 4. Cost of the Charge
adjusted using the dial on the sensor.

LIQUIDCRYSTAL DISPLAY(LCD):

Liquid crystals can be made fro m a wide range of

liquid-at-roo m-temperature materials with crystalline optical
characteristics. Glass sheets can be made by sandwiching
layers of liquid crystal between two slabs of glass.
Transparent electrodes are then adhered to the interior of
each of these layers. Charge carriers in the liquid disturb
mo lecular alignment when an electric potential is introduced
across a cell. This fracture distributes light in all directions,
making the cell's interior look extraord inarily dazzling. This
phenomenon is commonly referred to by scientists as
Fig 4.Welcome to charging station displayed through
"dynamic scattering".
the LCD display

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 Proceedings of the International Conference on Self Sustainable Artificial Intelligence Systems (ICSSAS 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP22DN7-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-0085-7

1. Parking Slot

Fig 7. Level of charging (Level0)

Fig 5.Availability of parking slot Totally Five levels of charging in this

project. The levels depends on the power
Parking sensor instruction passes the consuming of the electric vehicle.
ArduinoUno microcontroller. Parking sensor
identifythe parkinglot empty or not. The instruction
flowsthrough the controller then controller pass the
instruction through LCD display to customers. Once
the parings lot get parked the vehicle automatically
start the charging.

2. Levels of Charging

The vehicle is connected to the charging point

voltage and current sensor monitor the flow of current
and voltage. Rating of voltage and current display
Fig 8. Level of charging (Level3)
through the LCD Display.
3. Unit Consumption

Once the charging is completed the vehicle

consumption unit displayed through the LCD
Display to customer. The consumption unit totally
depends onthe variouslevelsofcharging.

Fig 6.Rating of voltage and current

Fig9.Consumptionunitlevel

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 Proceedings of the International Conference on Self Sustainable Artificial Intelligence Systems (ICSSAS 2023)
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