Exercise 5: Rewrite the sentences using cleft sentences focusing on the underlined parts.

1. Peter lent us the money, but Paul did not.

It
2. I have lost my English book.
It
3. I saw him in the street only last week.
It
4. Argentina won the World Cup in 2022.
It
5. The smoke from the factory chimneys pollutes the air.
It
6. Mastering a second language takes a lot of time and pratice.
It
7. You will succeed only by hard work.
It
8. The countryside is most beautiful in autumn.
It
9. What I saw at the dance party surprised me.
It
10. Did you start the fight, or was it someone else?
Was

Exercise 6: Rewrite the sentences using cleft sentences focusing on the subjects of the passive
sentences from the following active ones.
Example: Nick gave Phong the money.
It was Phong who was given the money by Nick.
1.​ The estate agent sold Mr. and Mrs. Hanson the house.

2.​ We gave Ann a birthday present yesterday.

3.​ The manager has sent each employee a message.

4.​ Did the boy throw his friend the ball?

5.​ Tom handed Peter the books and the magazines.

6.​ The teacher told the students an interesting story.

7.​ Did Lan lend her brother the money?

8.​ Are you going to show your classmates your drawings tonight?

9.​ We sent our grandparents the package two days ago.

10.​Are you going to write Mike a letter soon?

② When teens want to live independently, they need to develop (1) ________ skills for themselves.
First, they need to know how to do their own laundry. A good way to care for their clothes is to
break things down into steps, (2) ________ sorting dirty clothes, washing, folding to storing them after
they're dry.
Second, they need to be able to manage a budget. This may be not easy for those who have (3)
________ with math. There are lots of apps that can help with money management and budgets.
Third, preparing and storing food safely is (4) ________ to good health. They need to know how
to plan meals in advance and how to shop for groceries. This includes buying items that will last a few
days or longer. It also includes knowing which foods can't be stored for very long.
Fourth, they have to know how to get around town. Teens who plan on using public transportation
should practice taking the bus. Those who drive also need to understand directions. It's also important
to know when and (5) ________ to fill the gas tank and how much gas costs. Their budget should also
account for motorbike care, such as repairs and oil changes.
Independent living is a serious decision. It's important that both parents and teens feel ready for
this step.
(Adapted from https://www.understood.org)
1. A. care ​ ​ B. life ​ ​ C. study ​ ​ ​ D. work
2. A. about ​ ​ B. for ​ ​ C. from ​ ​ ​ D. to
3. A. difficulty ​ B. hardship ​ C. lesson ​​ ​ D. struggle
4. A. balanced ​ B. nutrient ​ C. next ​ ​ ​ D vital
5. A. what ​ ​ B. who ​ ​ C. where ​​ ​ D. which

Exercise 2: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C [or D] on your answer sheet
to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 5.
① Why Do We Use Time-Management Skills?
It is important that you develop effective strategies for managing your time to balance the
conflicting demands of time for study, leisure, and work. Time-management skills are valuable not only
in job-hunting, but also in many other aspects of life: from revising for examinations to working in a
vacation job.
Sometimes it may seem that there isn't enough time to do everything that you need to. This can
lead to a build-up of stress. When revising for examinations, or during your final year when you have
to combine the pressures of intensive study with finding time to apply for jobs, good management of
your time can be particularly important. Once we have identified ways in which we can improve the
management of our time, we can begin to adjust our routines and patterns of behaviour to reduce any
time-related stress in our lives.
Some of these skills include setting clear goals, breaking your goals down into several steps,
and reviewing your progress towards your goals.
Other skills involved include prioritising - focusing on urgent and important tasks rather than those that
are trivial or don't move you towards your goals; organising your work schedule; list making to remind
you of what you need to do.

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Time-management skills are essential for reducing stress and achieving your goals in life.
B. Time-management skills are useful for job-hunting and exam preparation.
C. Time-management skills are different for students and workers.
D. Time-management skills are easy to learn and apply.
2. The word “build-up" is closest in meaning to ____.
A. increase ​​ B. explain ​​ ​ C. accumulation ​​ D. management
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of time-management skills in the passage?
A. Balancing the conflicting demands of time for study, leisure, and work.
B. Improving your performance in examinations and job applications.
C. Enhancing your creativity and problem-solving skills.
D. Reducing any time-related stress in your lives.
4. Which of the following is an example of setting clear goals?
A. I want to get a good grade in this course.
B. I want to finish reading this chapter by tomorrow.
C. I want to learn something new every day.
D. I want to be successful in life.
5. Which of the following is an example of organising your work schedule?
A. Making a to-do list for the day.
B. Allocating a specific amount of time for each task.
C. Checking your progress and adjusting your plan as needed.
D. All of the above.

②​ ​ Managing time
Time management: two words that have me breaking out in a cold sweat. Why should I
suddenly have to learn how to manage my time? Surely time had got on perfectly well for several
millennia without requiring management, let alone by me. But my university tutor was adamant: time
needed some managing and apparently it was up to me to do it.
First of all, let's be clear. I do have plenty of time to manage. As an arts student, I generally
have 23 hours in the day that aren't given over to going to lectures. But I generally need somebody to
tell me what I should be writing, so I go to lectures.
Perhaps I had "taken on too much"? I'd been elected to four committees, produced a play,
applied for a part time job, hung around the college bar with my friends, and written the odd essay. But
I thought I was coping well. Sure, there was the day when I did the research for an essay on the
morning of deadline day and wrote it that afternoon, but that was a one off.
On second thoughts, maybe my tutor is right. It's difficult to give up what you're involved in but
perhaps it's a good idea to sit back and have a breather once in a while. Even an arts student has to get
down to some real work!

1. What was the writer's initial reaction to his tutor's ultimatum?

A. He had to admit that it was sound advice.
B. He failed to see how it could help him.
C. He had no understanding of what it meant.
D. He had tried it before so he knew it would fail.
2. What is the writer's job?
A. He's a time manager. ​ ​ ​ ​ B. He's a lecturer.
C. He's an arts student. ​​ ​ ​ D. He's a university tutor.
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as something he had done?
A. Producing a play ​ ​ ​ ​ B. Getting a part time job
C. Writing an essay ​ ​ ​ ​ D. Head of four committees
4. The writer slowly begins to realize that he should ____.
A. spend more time with his friends ​ ​ B. end his obsession with leisure pursuit
C. integrate more into university life ​ ​ D. apply himself to the real task in hand
5. The word "breather" in the passage mostly means ____.
A. an assignment ​ B. a machine ​ ​ C. a rest ​​ ​ D. a passion
 ③​ Give teens a break!
Teenage years are filled with all kinds of problems-lack of self-confidence, nagging parents,
peer pressure, doing well in the exams and getting into university. Some of their problems result from
the emotional and physical changes teenagers are going through.
Teenagers are extremely concerned about their appearance. So, it's no wonder they spend so
much time in front of the mirror! They notice every single thing about themselves - their body
changing shape, hair appearing in unlikely places, annoying spots breaking out. Teenagers are rarely
happy about these changes which can affect how they feel about themselves.
Sometimes, parents hurt their teenage children's feelings by making jokes about their
appearance. They also tend to pay little attention to teenage worries and think of them as being silly.
Your daughter may be convinced that her nose looks awful and that plastic surgery is the only solution
even though everybody else fails to notice the problem. By trying to explain that other people do not
normally pay as much attention to our physical features as we do ourselves, we can help teenagers feel
better about themselves and become more confident.
Teenagers also tend to avoid doing things they don't like, especially helping around the house.
They are likely to try to get out of doing household chores - and certainly don't respond well to orders.
The more you discuss the type of household chore your teenage son or a daughter might not mind
doing, the better. He or she, for example, may be happy to go to the supermarket, but hate the idea of
washing dishes.
It also works better if your children can, at least to some degree, do things in their own way and
time. This might seem annoying, but if all you do is order them around, you can be sure that next time
they will not do a thing. Always thank your children for their effort. And if they do something that's
more than just a simple chore - decorating, perhaps you might want to pay them.
1. Teenagers spend a lot of time looking in the mirror because they _______.
A. like admiring their bodies.
B. are worried about the changes happening to their bodies.
C. are thinking how they can improve their appearance.
D. have nothing better to do.
2. When teenagers express their concern about their appearance, their parents ______.
A. get upset with them. ​ ​ ​ B. show no interest in their worries.
C. don't take their concerns very seriously. ​ D. don't believe them.
3. The writer advises the parents to ______.
A. support their children if they decide to have plastic surgery.
B. give them tips on how to improve their appearance.
C. ignore their concerns.
D. tell them that they actually look better than they think they do.
4. When it comes to housework, most teenagers ______.
A. help a lot with housework.
B. usually prefer going to the supermarket.
C. expect something in return for helping around the house.
D. find ways not to take part in it.
5. Which of the following is NOT good advice to parents?
A. They should thank their children for their effort.
B. They should give their children some money for any chore they do.
C. They should let their children do things the way they want to.
D. They should be willing to take their children's preferences into account.