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Childhood Obesity, Immunizations, and Pain Assessment

The document outlines key topics in Child Health Nursing, including childhood obesity, immunization schedules, and common communicable diseases. It details the BMI classifications for children, types of vaccines, principles of administration, and the importance of parental education regarding immunizations. Additionally, it addresses pain scales used for assessing pain in infants and children.

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taylor.signor5
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6 views23 pages

Childhood Obesity, Immunizations, and Pain Assessment

The document outlines key topics in Child Health Nursing, including childhood obesity, immunization schedules, and common communicable diseases. It details the BMI classifications for children, types of vaccines, principles of administration, and the importance of parental education regarding immunizations. Additionally, it addresses pain scales used for assessing pain in infants and children.

Uploaded by

taylor.signor5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as KEY, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Child Health Nursing

Fall 2024
Dr. Mary Katherine White
Florida Gulf Coast University
Today’s Topics
Obesity in children
Health Promotion and Immunization
schedules for infants and children
Vaccines, sites of administration,
principles of administration, side effects,
controversies, and parent education
Diseases infants and children are immunized
against
Pain Scales
Common communicable diseases and
principles of care for infants and children
exposed to them
BMI for Children and Adolescents

Underweight is a BMI below the 5th percentile.


Healthy weight is a BMI between the 5th to the 85th
percentile.
Overweight is a BMI between the 85th percentile
and the 95th percentile.
Obesity is a BMI in the 95th percentile or above.
Childhood Obesity
Video
Facts from CDC
Causes & Consequences of Ch
ildhood Obesity
Influences on the Development
of Children’s Eating Behaviors
Parental Influence on Eating
Behavior

See article in this week’s module


Immunizations

Decrease or eliminate certain


infectious diseases in society
Prevent infectious diseases and
their complications
Must obtain written parental
informed consent
Immunizations
Cornerstone of disease prevention
Immunity
Ability to destroy and remove a specific
antigen from the body
Passive immunity
Produced when the immunoglobulins of
one person are transferred to another
Active immunity
Acquired when a person’s own immune
system generates the immune response
Types of Vaccines
Inactivated Vaccines
Killed version of the germ (Hep A, Flu, Polio)
Live Attenuated Vaccines
Living organisms that are weakened (MMR, Varicella,
Rotavirus)
Messenger RNA Vaccines
Make proteins to trigger an immune response (COVID-
Moderna, Pfizer)
Toxoid Vaccines
Use a toxin made by the germ to trigger immune
response (Diptheria, Tetanus)
Recombinant and Conjugate Vaccines
Use specific pieces of the germ & give a strong
immune response (Hib, Hep B, Pertussis)
Viral Vector Vaccines
Use a modified version of a different virus as a vector
to deliver immunity (COVID-J&J)
Vaccine Controversies
See Articles in Canvas on Vaccine
Controversies and Vaccine Safety in
Infants
Vaccines Do Not Cause Autism
Diseases Infants & Children
are Immunized Against
Measles (MMR) Polio (IPV)
Mumps (MMR) Diphtheria (DTaP,
Rubella (MMR) Tdap, Td)
Varicella (VAR) Tetanus (DTaP, Tdap,
Td)
Rotavirus (RV)
Pertussis (DTaP, Tdap)
Haemophilus
Influenza B (Hib) Human Papilloma
Virus (HPV 9 –
Hepatitis A (HepA) Gardasil)
Hepatitis B (HepB) Pneumococcal
Meningococcal Infections (PCV 13,
(MenACWY) Prevnar)
Influenza (IIV, LAIV)
RSV Vaccine

Immunization for infants and young children


1 dose of nirsevimab for all infants aged 8 months and
younger born during or entering their first RSV season.
1 dose of nirsevimab for infants and children aged 8–19
months who are at increased risk for severe RSV
disease and entering their second RSV season.
Note: A different monoclonal antibody, palivizumab, is
limited to children aged 24 months and younger with
certain high-risk factors like prematurity or have
particular heart or lung diseases
Immunization Schedule
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/downloads/child/0-18yrs-child-combine
d-schedule.pdf
Contraindications & Precautions

Severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)


DO NOT administer live virus vaccines
(MMR or Varicella) to
immunocompromised individuals
Moderate or severe illness (postpone)
Severe febrile illness (postpone)
Common cold and low-grade fever are
NOT contraindications or reasons to
postpone
Sites of Administration
IM immunizations
Vastus lateralis for infants
Vastus lateralis or ventrogluteal
muscle and young children
Deltoid muscle for older children
and adolescents
Subcutaneous Immunizations
Outer aspect of the upper arm or
anterolateral thigh
Injection Sites
Vastus Lateralis Deltoid

Subcutaneous Injections
Sites
Principles of Vaccine Administration
Minimize discomfort
Topical anesthetic
Oral sucrose solution in infants
Non-nutritive sucking, Breastfeeding
Distraction, Relaxation, Guided Imagery,
Containment, Kangaroo Care
Have emergency equipment on hand
Provide praise afterward
Use colorful bandage
Document
Date, route, & site of administration
Type, manufacturer, lot number, & expiration date
of vaccine
Instruct family to report any adverse effects
Common Side Effects of
Vaccine Administration

Mild redness, swelling & tenderness


at injection site
Mild, low-grade fever
Irritability
Drowsiness
Mild localized rash at injection site
Serious Adverse Effects of
Vaccine Administration
Severe allergic reaction
Hives, swelling of the face and throat,
difficulty breathing, tachycardia,
dizziness, weakness (anaphylaxis)
High fever (over 105° F)
Pain and stiffness in the joints
Severe swelling, pain, or bleeding at
the injection site
Seizures
Parent Education
Maintain up-to-date immunizations
Difficult to catch up if off track
Monitor for complications & notify
provider for severe adverse effects
Ok to use Acetaminophen or
Ibuprofen for irritability or fever
Avoid Aspirin
Risk of Reye Syndrome
Pain Scales
N-PASS – Neonatal Pain, Agitation,
and Sedation Scale (26 weeks
preterm gestation-2 months)
FLACC – The Face, Legs, Activity, Cry,
Consolability Scale (birth-7 years)
Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale
(3 years+)
OUCHER Pain Chart (3-13 years)
Numeric Scale (5 years+)
FLAC
C
OUCHE
R

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