27.

Town and Country Planning

[Single Paper consisting of the subjects Town Planning (PG Degree Standard), Civil Engineering
(UG Degree Standard) & Architecture (UG Degree Standard)]

Code: 382

UNIT I: INTRODUCTION TO PLANNING – SCOPE AND CONTENT (10 Questions)

Planning System in India, Regional Plan, Master Plan, Structure Plan, Detailed Development Plans, City
Corporate Plan and Smart City Plan. New Town concepts, case studies in India & U.K. – Concept of
Region, Types of Region, Techniques of Regional Analysis, Growth Model, Regional disparities,
Resources in Regional development. Multi-level Planning – Regional Planning in India, Regional Plan
case Studies, USA, U.K., Japan.

UNIT II: PLANNING THEORY AND TECHNIQUES (10 Questions)

Process of evolution of human settlement planning - Principles in Planning – Rationality in Planning,
Blueprint and Process mode, Disjointed Incremental mode of Planning, Normative versus Functional
mode of Planning – Type of planning surveys, data identification for various plan preparation. Delphi,
Trade off-game, Simulation models, Gravity analysis, Lowry model, Threshold analysis, Multivariate
analysis – Optimization and economic analysis methods in project formulation and implementation, PBBS
– URDPFI Guidelines.

UNIT III: URBAN SOCIOLOGY, ECONOMICS, GEOGRAPHY: THEORIES AND APPLICATIONS

(10 Questions)
Socio-economic groups, structures and Institutions as related to urban and rural communities - Ecological
processes and structures in Indian Cities - Social Change & Economic Development - Agglomeration
economics- Economics of scale, Multiplier effect concept, scope, limitation - Basic and non-basic
activities of economics base, methods of base identification - Land-use determinants, Locational
Dynamics of urban Land-use - Spatial organization of Urban settlements - City-region, Urban Sprawl and
Fringe - Urbanization in India and Tamil Nadu with reference to settlements and population distribution.

UNIT IV: ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES RELATED TO PLANNING (10 Questions)

Components of Environment – Classification of Environmental Resources - Purpose and Objectives in
Environmental Protection - Institutional and Legal Support in management of the Environment –
Environmental Policies, and issues -Environmental Impact Assessment Practice in India - Types,
Conceptual Approach and Phases of EIA – Impact Identification - Public Participation in the Process of
Environmental Decision Making Process - Environmental Concepts – Sustainable Planning – Eco Cities,
Compact Cities, Smart growth, Sponge city, IGBC Rating Systems applicable for Towns.

UNIT V: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE NET WORK PLANNING ISSUES (10 Questions)

Obligatory and Discretionary Services, Implication of Urban Form and Size on Services, Norms and
Standards, National Building Code, 2016. National and Local guidelines – Demand Strategy, Issues and
Tasks, Operation and Management Aspects of each Service - Water Supply, Sewerage / Drainage, Solid
Waste Management, Roads and Street Lighting - Priority, Placement Network Options, Effective System
Analysis – Private and Public partnership and innovative concepts and practices in Infrastructure
Development.

UNIT VI: PROJECT FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION (15 Questions)

Types of Project, Project Cycle, Identification, Selection, Preparation - Capital Investment
Programme, Internal Rate of Return, Net present Value - Cost- Benefit & Analysis, Social Cost Benefit
analysis, Budgeting, Tamil Nadu Transparency in Tender Rules - Appraisal techniques – Project
Proposal and objectives, Current base line conditions, Financial and Economical Appraisal, Socio cultural
assessment - Process Monitoring – Key issues, Monitoring Schedule, Data collection, Design, strategy,
Impact Evaluation – Approaches, Key issues, Alternative to large scale qualitative Evaluation designs.

UNIT VII: PLANNING LEGISLATION AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK (10 Questions)

The concept of law,Indian Constitution. Rights of Ownership and development of property. Statutory
control as a positive tool in plan preparation and implementation - Evolution,scope and Significance of
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Planning Legislation. History and survey of development of planning legislation in India - Panchayat Act,
Municipality Act, Corporation Act, TNULB Act, Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement
Act,2013. Provisions in the above acts related to functions, powers, role and responsibilities of local
bodies including elected representatives and officers - 73rd and 74th CAA and their implications on
planning and development. Local Body finance, revenue, expenditure and resource mobilization - T & C
Planning Act of Tamil Nadu 1971, The Ancient Monuments and Archaelogical Sites and Remains Act,
Tamilnadu Combined Development and Building rules 2019, The Tamil Nadu street vendors scheme,
The Tamil Nadu Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016.

UNIT VIII: ISSUES IN TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION PLANNING (10 Questions)

Highway classification - Traffic characteristics – Horizontal and Vertical alignment, Land use &
Transportation relationships - Sight distance – Cross- sectional elements – at grade and Grade separated
intersections - Volume Count – Origin and Destination – Parking and Public Transport - Surveys –
Inventory of Transport facilities – Methods of Survey – Different modes – Capacities – Limitations –
Planning Aspects - Coordination – Para Transit modes – Private transport – Urban Transportation
Planning Process – Trip Generation – Trip Distribution – Modal Split – Trip Assignment, Congestion
pricing, Non Motorized Transport, Transit Oriented Development, Bus Rapid Transit System, Unified
Transport Authority.

UNIT IX: REMOTE SENSING AND G.I.S., IN PLANNING (15 Questions)

Basics of Remote Sensing and GIS. - Classification of spatial and non- spatial data application of spatial
data in urban and regional planning - Identification of required spatial data layers - Coding schemes –
digitization of spatial data – editing spatial data usable for the given planning problem – Land use
Suitability Analysis, Land use Modeling, Existing Land use Preparation using Mobiles, Satellite
Imageries, Aerial Photographs, Drones in Physical Planning.

UNIT X: CURRENT TRENDS AND ISSUES IN PLANNING (10 Questions)

Concepts of sustainable urban development, sustainable Transportation, E – Governance, HRIDAY,
Rurban Mission, Swatch Bharat Mission, AMRUT, National Health Mission, Public private partnership,
local bodies and urban finance. Land Pooling concept, Transfer of Development Right, Accommodation
Reservation, Formulation of Re-development and Urban Expansion Plans - Local Area Plans, Town
Planning Schemes - Special Economic Zone, Value Capture Finance Policy Framework – Swiss
Challenge Model, Industrial Corridor, Coastal Zone Management Plan.

Civil Engineering
(UG Degree Standard)

UNIT I: BUILDING MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES AND CONCRETE

TECHNOLOGY (10 Questions)
Properties and Classification of cement, lime, bricks, stone and timber - Uses and Tests – materials for
acoustics and insulation - construction details and supervision for masonry - Design of Brick Pier and
Wall – Damp Proofing courses – Shoring, scaffolding and Underpinning – Ventilation and Fire resistant
construction – Green Building Concept - Types of concrete – testing of fresh and hardened concrete –
mix design – quality control – special concreting techniques - concreting equipment – centering and
shuttering – slip and moving forms – construction joints.

UNIT II: ENGINEERING SURVEY, TOWN PLANNING, URBAN ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT (10 Questions)
Survey – Basic principles - Classification - computation of areas and Volume – Levelling – Fly levelling –
L.S and C.S – Contouring – Traversing – Heights and Distances - Tacheometry – Use of EDM and Total
Station – Global Positioning System – Concepts and applications of Remote sensing.
Urbanisation- Trends in India- Planning process– stages, type of survey, collection of data- Development
of new towns – urban modern and satellite towns - Smart cities - levels of planning.
Construction management – Construction planning and scheduling – preparation of different types of
schedules – methods of scheduling – CPM – PERT – resource planning - Construction Contracts.
Types of estimates - Detailed estimates for different types of buildings - methods of valuation –
depreciation – fixation of rent- rate analysis- Quantity estimation
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UNIT III: STRENGTH OF MATERIALS, ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES, DESIGN OF RC ELEMENTS,
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE AND STEEL ELEMENTS (10 Questions)
Simple stress and strain - elastic constants- relationship - stress and strain in two dimensions, compound
stresses- principal stresses- thin and thick cylinders - Bending moments and shear forces in statically
determinate beams- simple bending theory - flexural shear stress - deflection of flexural members –
torsion of circular section - Short and long columns. Analysis of statically determinate trusses and arches
Working stress method (only for liquid retaining structures) - limit state design concepts - design of
members subjected to flexure, shear, compression and torsion - Prestressed concrete: analysis and
design of pre-tensioning and post tensioning beam.
Design of tension and compression members, beams and beam-columns, column bases - Design of
bolted and welded connections.

UNIT IV: GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING AND PAVEMENT DESIGN (10 Questions)

Properties of soils - soil classification – Compaction - permeability and seepage – soil stresses-
Compressibility and Consolidation - Shear strength – Laboratory and in - situ tests. Sub-surface
investigation - scope, drilling bore holes, sampling, penetrometer tests, plate load test – stability of slopes
- foundation types - foundation design requirements – shallow foundations – Types and Design of
isolated and combined footings - bearing capacity - effect of shape, water table and other factors- stress
distribution - settlement analysis in sands and clays – deep foundations - pile types, dynamic and static
formulae - load capacity of piles in sands and clays.
Design and construction of bituminous and concrete roads - Drainage of roads - Maintenance of roads.

UNIT V: HYDRAULICS, WATER RESOURCES, WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

ENGINEERING (10 Questions)
Hydrostatics - applications of Bernoulli equation, Laminar and turbulent flow in pipes, pipe networks -
concept of boundary layer and its growth - flow in channels, rapidly varied flow - tanks and pipes -
Hydrologic cycle - Rainfall - draw down – recuperation test – well yield - Water resources of Tamil Nadu
– Water policy – flood control – drought management.

Water quality standards – Intakes - Estimation of demand - Unit processes and operations for water
treatment - Maintenance of treatment units - Conveyance and distribution systems of treated water -
Rural water supply- Advanced water treatment.

Collection of waste water- Design of sewers - Sewage pumping - Characteristics of sewage - Primary,
secondary and tertiary treatment of sewage- Sludge disposal - effluent standards - industrial wastewater
management – Rural sanitation – solid waste management.

Architecture
(UG Degree Standard)

UNIT I: HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PLANNING (15 Questions)

• Origin of Human settlements In India & the rest of the world – River valley civilizations(Indus Valley,
Mesopotamia, Egypt & China) – Traditional planning principles in India – Vernacular architecture of
India – approaches & concepts – Classical & Medieval planning in Europe - Evolution of modern
planning concepts – Garden city concept, Neighbourhood concept, Geddesian triad, etc.
• Elements of Human settlements – functions & linkages, Structure & form
• Urban Planning & Renewal.
• DCR
• Issues in contemporary Urban planning.

UNIT II: URBAN STUDIES – URBAN DESIGN, URBAN HOUSING & CONSERVATION (15 Questions)
• Urban Design – need, aspects, scope & components of urban space
– Historic urban form of Greek, Roman, Medieval, Renaissance, Modern & post-modern periods -
Indian Urbanism – temple towns, Mughal city form, medieval cities, colonial urbanism, planned capital
cities - Theorizing & Reading urban space – Imageability & townscape elements, genius loci, collective
memory, historic reading of the city & its artefacts by Rossi, social aspects of urban space, gender &
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 class, contribution of Jane Jacobs, William Whyte - Issues of Urban space.
– Housing issues in the Indian Context, Socio-Economic aspects, Housing Standards, Site Planning
& Housing Design, Housing Process.
– Conservation – Definition, understanding the need & purpose, Adaptive re- use, International
agencies & their role in conservation Conservation In India – Role of ASI & INTACH – policies &
legislations, case studies – craft issues – Conservation practice – listing, documenting, assessing
architectural character, structure report & developing guidelines – Urban Conservation – Conservation
Planning – Heritage tourism.

UNIT III: ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, SITE PLANNING & LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY (10 Questions)
• Environment, Ecosystems & bio-diversity – Environmental Pollution, Human population & social
issues with relation to the environment – Environmental laws in India.
• Site Planning – Introduction to basic terminologies, Methods of surveying, Instruments & Application,
Leveling, Site Drawings, Importance of Site Analysis – On-site & off-site factors, Study of micro
climate, Site Diagramming, Site Context, Site planning & Site layout principles.
• Introduction to Landscape Architecture – Elements of Landscape Design – plant material, water &
landforms, Garden Design – Japanese, Italian Renaissance & Mughal, Site Planning – Organisation
of spaces – circulation, built form and open spaces, site planning and micro climate, site planning for
neighbourhood parks, children’s play area and campus development – Landscaping of Functional
areas – Urban open spaces and principle of urban landscape – Street landscaping, landscape design
for waterfront areas and functional areas in urban centers – green roofs and walls – Street lighting.

28. Town Planning

(PG Degree Standard)

Code: 519

UNIT I: INTRODUCTION TO PLANNING – SCOPE AND CONTENT (25 Questions)

Planning System in India, Regional Plan, Master Plan, Structure Plan, Detailed Development Plans, City
Corporate Plan and Smart City Plan. New Town concepts, case studies in India & U.K. – Concept of
Region, Types of Region, Techniques of Regional Analysis, Growth Model, Regional disparities,
Resources in Regional development. Multi-level Planning – Regional Planning in India, Regional Plan
case Studies, USA, U.K., Japan.

UNIT II: PLANNING THEORY AND TECHNIQUES (20 Questions)

Process of evolution of human settlement planning – Principles in Planning – Rationality in Planning,
Blueprint and Process mode, Disjointed Incremental mode of Planning, Normative versus Functional
mode of Planning – Type of planning surveys, data identification for various plan preparation. Delphi,
Trade off-game, Simulation models, Gravity analysis, Lowry model, Threshold analysis, Multivariate
analysis – Optimization and economic analysis methods in project formulation and implementation, PBBS
– URDPFI Guidelines.

UNIT III: URBAN SOCIOLOGY, ECONOMICS, GEOGRAPHY: THEORIES AND APPLICATIONS (15
Questions)
Socio-economic groups, structures and Institutions as related to urban and rural communities - Ecological
processes and structures in Indian Cities - Social Change & Economic Development - Agglomeration
economics- Economics of scale, Multiplier effect concept, scope, limitation – Basic and non-basic
activities of economics base, methods of base identification - Land-use determinants, Locational
Dynamics of urban Land-use - Spatial organization of Urban settlements - City-region, Urban Sprawl and
Fringe - Urbanization in India and Tamil Nadu with reference to settlements and population distribution.

UNIT IV: ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES RELATED TO PLANNING (15 Questions)

Components of Environment – Classification of Environmental Resources - Purpose and Objectives in
Environmental Protection - Institutional and Legal Support in management of the Environment –
Environmental Policies, and issues -Environmental Impact Assessment Practice in India - Types,

Page 101 of 134

Conceptual Approach and Phases of EIA – Impact Identification - Public Participation in the Process of
Environmental Decision Making Process - Environmental Concepts – Sustainable Planning – Eco Cities,
Compact Cities, Smart growth, Sponge city, IGBC Rating Systems applicable for Towns.

UNIT V: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORK PLANNING ISSUES (15 Questions)

Obligatory and Discretionary Services, Implication of Urban Form and Size on Services, Norms and
Standards, National Building Code, 2016. National and Local guidelines – Demand Strategy, Issues and
Tasks, Operation and Management Aspects of each Service - Water Supply, Sewerage / Drainage, Solid
Waste Management, Roads and Street Lighting - Priority, Placement Network Options, Effective System
Analysis – Private and Public partnership and innovative concepts and practices in Infrastructure
Development.

UNIT VI: PROJECT FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION (15 Questions)

Types of Project, Project Cycle, Identification, Selection, Preparation – Capital Investment Programme,
Internal Rate of Return, Net present Value Cost - Benefit & Analysis, Social Cost Benefit analysis,
Budgeting, Tamil Nadu Transparency in Tender Rules – Appraisal techniques –Project Proposal and
objectives, Current base line conditions, Financial and Economical Appraisal, Sociocultural assessment
– Process Monitoring – Key issues, Monitoring Schedule, Data collection, Design, strategy, Impact
Evaluation – Approaches, Key issues, Alternative to large scale qualitative Evaluation designs.

UNIT VII: PLANNING LEGISLATION AND LEGAL FRAME WORK (25 Questions)
The concept of law, Indian Constitution. Rights of Ownership and development of property. Statutory
control as a positive tool in plan preparation and implementation - Evolution, scope and Significance of
Planning Legislation. History and survey of development of planning legislation in India - Panchayat Act,
Municipality Act, Corporation Act, TNULB Act, Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement
Act,2013. Provisions in the above acts related to functions, powers, role and responsibilities of local
bodies including elected representatives and officers - 73rd and 74th CAA and their implications on
planning and development. Local Body finance, revenue, expenditure and resource mobilization -T&C
Planning Act of Tamil Nadu 1971, The Ancient Monuments and Archaelogical Sites and Remains Act,
Tamil Nadu Combined Development and Building rules 2019, The Tamil Nadu street vendors scheme,
The Tamil Nadu Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016.

UNIT VIII: ISSUES IN TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION PLANNING (25 Questions)

Highway classification - Traffic characteristics – Horizontal and Vertical alignment, Land use &
Transportation relationships - Sight distance – Cross- sectional elements – at grade and Grade separated
intersections - Volume Count – Origin and Destination – Parking and Public Transport - Surveys –
Inventory of Transport facilities – Methods of Survey – Different modes – Capacities – Limitations –
Planning Aspects - Coordination – Para Transit modes – Private transport – Urban Transportation
Planning Process – Trip Generation – Trip Distribution – Modal Split – Trip Assignment, Congestion
pricing, Non-Motorized Transport, Transit Oriented Development, Bus Rapid Transit System, Unified
Transport Authority

UNIT IX: REMOTE SENSING AND G.I.S., IN PLANNING (20 Questions)

Basics of Remote Sensing and GIS - Classification of spatial and non- spatial data - Application of spatial
data in urban and regional planning - Identification of required spatial data layers - Coding schemes –
digitization of spatial data – editing spatial data usable for the given planning problem – Land use
Suitability Analysis, Land use Modeling, Existing Land use Preparation using Mobiles, Satellite
Imageries, Aerial Photographs, Drones in Physical Planning.

UNIT X: CURRENT TRENDS AND ISSUES IN PLANNING (25 Questions)

Concepts of sustainable urban development, sustainable Transportation, E–Governance, HRIDAY,
Rurban Mission, Swatch Bharat Mission, AMRUT, National Health Mission, Public private partnership,
local bodies and urban finance. Land Pooling concept, Transfer of Development Right, Accommodation
Reservation, Formulation of Re-development and Urban Expansion Plans - Local Area Plans, Town
Planning Schemes - Special Economic Zone, Value Capture Finance Policy Framework – Swiss
Challenge Model, Industrial Corridor, Coastal Zone Management Plan.

Page 102 of 134

 29. Zoology and Medical Entomology
(PG Degree Standard)
Code: 567
UNIT I: (20 Questions)
General Organization of Non-Chordate and Chordate - Classification upto Class Level - Structure of Cell
- Cellular Organization - Membrane, Intercellular - Structure and Function - Cellular organelles.
Chromozomes - Types and Organization of Genes. Cell Division, Cell Cycle and Regulation. Cell
Communication and Cell Signaling. Structure of DNA and RNA. Genetic Code, Replication and Protein
Synthesis.
Bio-Chemistry: Structure of Carbohydrates, Amino Acids, Proteins, Lipids - Glycolysis and Kreb’s cycle -
Oxidation, Reduction - Oxidative Phosphorylation - Energy conservation and release - Cyclic AMP - ATP
- Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty acids - Cholesterol - Enzymes, Mechanism, Action and Kinetics.
Vitamins, Trace elements and Micronutrients and Co-enzymes. Antioxidant enzymes, Hormones -
Classification, Biosynthesis and functions.

UNIT II: (20 Questions)

Physiology: With reference to Mammals digestion, Role of Salivary gland, Liver, Pancreas and Intestinal
Glands in Digestion, Nutrition, Balanced Diet in Man-Assimilation, Intermediary Metabolism. Composition
of Blood - Coagulation - Mechanism of Respiration. Muscles - Mechanism of Muscle Contraction,
Temperature Regulation, Acid, Base Balance and Homeostasis. Nerve Impulse Conduction,
Neurotransmitters - Receptors, Photo, Phono and Chemo Reception. Nephron and Urine formation.
Endocrine glands - Testis, Ovary and Hypothalamus - Hypophyseal gonadal relationship. Pheromones
and Reproduction. Biolumninescence.

UNIT III: (20 Questions)

Immunology: Immune responses - Primary, Secondary and Theories. Immunity types - Innate -Acquired
- Cell mediated and Humoral immunity - Autoimmunity, Types of Antigens and Immunoglobulins.
Vaccinations - ELISA, RIA Techniques. Developmental Biology: Gametogenesis, Fertilization:
Significance, Polyspermy Gynogenesis, Androgenesis, Parthenogenesis, Differentiation - Nuclear and
Chemical factors, Inductors and Organizers. ART - Stem cell biology - Sources, Types and Applications.

UNIT IV: (20 Questions)

Resource Ecology and Management, Renewable and Non-Renewable natural resources. Energy
resources - Conventional and Non-Conventional. Bioremediation. Habitat Ecology. Wild Life
conservation, Management and Acts. Air, Water, Soil, Sound pollutions. Laws related to Environment
and Environmental Protection Act. Space Ecology and Radiation Ecology. Climate Changes and Global
Warming.

UNIT V: (20 Questions)

Medical Entomology - Scope and Definition Vectors of Medical Importance - Classification, Types of
vectors (Mosquitoes, Sand fly, House fly, Bed bug, Human lice, Fleas) and their Identification,
Epidemiology, Life cycle, Bionomics, Mechanism of diseases transmission. Protozoan Parasites and
Diseases - Helminths, Parasites and Diseases on Man and Domestic Animals.

UNIT VI: (20 Questions)

Vector Borne Diseases spread through Mosquitoes - Malaria, Filaria, Viral Encephalitis (Japanese
Encephalitis, West Nile) Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika and Yellow fever.

UNIT VII: (20 Questions)

Vectors from class Arachinida and Crustacea (Ticks, Mites, Cyclops) and their Identification,
Epidemiology, Life cycle and Diseases transmitted.
Vector borne diseases spread through Houseflies - Typhoid, Paratyphoid, Dysentry, Cholera and
Amoebiasis.
Vector borne diseases spread through Sandfly - Kala azar, Oriental sore and Sleeping sickness.
Vector borne diseases spread through Louse - Epidemic typhus, Relapsing fever and Trench fever.
Vector borne diseases spread through Rat flea - Bubonic Plague and Endemic typhus.
Vector borne diseases spread through Hard and Soft ticks, Trombiculid Mite and Cyclops.
Page 103 of 134