Jurnal Eduhealth

Volume 15 , Number 04, 2024, DOI 10.54209/eduhealth.v15i04

ESSN 2808-4608 (Online)
https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/healt

The Effect Of The Combination Of Cinnamon Powder Infusion And

Honey On Reducing Blood Sugar Levels In Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Patients In RT 007 And 008 / RW 05, Balekambang Subdistrict,
East Jakarta

Muhamad Tridhal Dadi Utomo1, Dewi Susanti2, Ratna Sari Dinaryanti3

1,2,3
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Pertamedika, Jakarta, Indonesia

Article Info ABSTRACT

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by impaired insulin
Type II Diabetes Mellitus, function, leading to hyperglycemia (blood sugar <200 mg/dL). Its
Cinnamon, management includes pharmacological therapy (insulin) and non-
Honey pharmacological approaches, such as the use of cinnamon powder and
honey. This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of
cinnamon powder and honey on reducing blood sugar levels in Type II
Diabetes Mellitus patients in RT 007 and 008/RW 05, Balekambang
Subdistrict, East Jakarta. The research design used was a quasi-
experimental design with a one-group pre-test post-test without
control. The population consisted of Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients,
with a sample of 32 respondents selected through consecutive
sampling. The research instruments included a glucometer, observation
sheets, cinnamon powder, and honey. Statistical analysis was performed
using the Paired T-test. The results showed the average blood sugar
level before the intervention (247.0 mg/dL) and after the intervention
(222.7 mg/dL) using the combination of cinnamon powder and honey.
The test results indicated a significant relationship between the
combination of cinnamon powder infusion and honey with a reduction in
blood sugar levels in Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients in RT 007 and
008/RW 05, Balekambang Subdistrict, East Jakarta, with a p-value =
0.000 < 0.05. This study provides recommendations for nursing services
to implement non-pharmacological therapy to reduce blood sugar levels.
This is an open access article Corresponding Author:
under theCC BY-NClicense Muhamad Tridhal Dadi Utomo
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Pertamedika, Jakarta, Indonesia
[email protected]

INTRODUCTION
Diabetes Mellitus is a disorder of carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism characterized by
increased blood glucose levels due to abnormalities in insulin secretion or decreased
sensitivity to insulin. This condition can cause hyperglycemia, which, if not properly managed,
can lead to serious chronic complications[1]. Diabetes Mellitus is classified into four
categories: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational Diabetes, and
Other Diabetes.

The Effect Of The Combination Of Cinnamon Powder Infusion And Honey On Reducing
Blood Sugar Levels In Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients In RT 007 And 008 / RW 05,
Balekambang Subdistrict, East Jakarta–Muhamad Tridhal Dadi Utomo et.al
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 Jurnal Eduhealth
Volume 15 , Number 04, 2024, DOI 10.54209/eduhealth.v15i04
ESSN 2808-4608 (Online)
https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/healt

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus occurs when the pancreas cannot produce insulin, resulting in
high blood sugar levels because the body is unable to transport sugar into the cells. This
condition often emerges during childhood or adolescence with sudden and severe symptoms
that can lead to coma if not treated promptly with insulin. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a
metabolic disorder marked by elevated blood sugar levels due to varying levels of beta-cell
damage, ranging from dominant insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency to
predominantly insulin deficiency. Gestational Diabetes occurs during pregnancy, while Other
Diabetes refers to secondary diabetes caused by conditions outside the common categories,
such as insulin production disorders or interference with insulin function due to other
diseases[2].
According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF, 2019), the prevalence of
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) cases has been increasing significantly. In 2019, global cases of DM
reached 463 million. Projections suggest that by 2030, the number of cases will rise to 578
million, and by 2045, it is estimated to reach 700 million, indicating an urgent need for global
action to prevent and manage this growing epidemic.
Indonesia, as a developing country, also has a high number of diabetes cases. According
to Wadja (2018), Indonesia ranks seventh among countries with the highest number of
diabetes cases. The 2018 Riskesdas survey reported that the prevalence of diabetes
increased to 8.5%. Additionally, doctor-diagnosed cases rose from 1.5% to 2% in the same
year, according to the Ministry of Health, highlighting the growing health burden both
nationally and globally[3][4].
The increasing number of diabetes cases is partly due to the lack of awareness of
symptoms among individuals. Symptoms such as fatigue and weakness are often dismissed
as the result of poor sleep, stress, or aging. However, people are often surprised and alarmed
when diagnosed with diabetes, as the symptoms can develop gradually and vary depending
on the affected organ. Two key symptoms of high blood sugar include increased urination
frequency and volume, and excessive thirst due to fluid loss through urine[5]. The causes of
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus are often linked to unhealthy lifestyle factors, including obesity,
hypertension, family history, age, childbirth history, genetics, alcohol, and smoking[6]. If left
untreated, Diabetes Mellitus can lead to macrovascular complications such as kidney failure,
stroke, heart disease, liver damage, and gangrene in the lower extremities. It can also cause
microvascular complications, including diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy (nerve damage), and
nephropathy [5]. Although diabetes is incurable, continuous management is essential to
control blood glucose levels and improve the quality of life for those affected.
The management of Diabetes Mellitus relies on four main pillars: medical nutrition
therapy, physical exercise, medication, and education. Consistency in these areas is key to
effective diabetes management[7]. Treatment can involve pharmacological and non-
pharmacological therapies. Pharmacological treatments include medications and insulin, but
these can have adverse side effects[1]. As a result, people are increasingly seeking safer,
natural alternatives. One popular non-pharmacological treatment is cinnamon.

The Effect Of The Combination Of Cinnamon Powder Infusion And Honey On Reducing
Blood Sugar Levels In Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients In RT 007 And 008 / RW 05,
Balekambang Subdistrict, East Jakarta–Muhamad Tridhal Dadi Utomo et.al
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 Jurnal Eduhealth
Volume 15 , Number 04, 2024, DOI 10.54209/eduhealth.v15i04
ESSN 2808-4608 (Online)
https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/healt

Cinnamon is a dried bark from trees of the genus Cinnamomum. It is commonly found
in Indonesia’s mountainous regions. The most frequently used type is Cinnamomum cassia,
which originates from Southeast Asia, particularly Sri Lanka, and thrives in regions with
temperatures between 10°C to 23°C at altitudes of 100 to 1200 meters above sea level. Other
varieties include Cinnamomum aromaticum, Cinnamomum verum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum,
and Cinnamomum burmannii, the latter being widely found in Indonesia[8]. Cinnamon
contains essential oils such as eugenol and polyphenols, which enhance insulin receptor
proteins in cells, thereby improving insulin sensitivity and lowering blood glucose levels (Farry
[9]).
For those who find the scent of cinnamon overwhelming, it can be combined with
honey. Honey is a sweet liquid produced by bees from plant nectar. Its composition depends
on geographic origin, plant type, environmental conditions, climate, and processing methods.
Honey mainly consists of fructose and glucose and contains carbohydrates that form a
protective layer against bacterial growth[10]. It also contains small amounts of proteins,
enzymes, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, aromatic compounds, and phenolics, providing
numerous health benefits, including antioxidant, antibacterial, and hypoglycemic properties
(Hermawan[11]).
Previous research by Azmaina, Juwita, L., & Amelia, S [1] on Type II Diabetes Mellitus
patients in the Kumun Health Center found that after consuming cinnamon infusion, the
average blood glucose level was 148.95 mg/dL, with a statistically significant p-value of
0.000, indicating the positive effect of cinnamon infusion on blood sugar reduction. A study
by Novrian, F., & Hajar, S[12] found that blood glucose levels increased 15 minutes after
consuming wild honey, with a mean of 115.91 and a standard deviation of 5.546, showing a
significant difference with a p-value of 0.000 between pre- and post-consumption levels.
Based on preliminary research and interviews conducted on March 22, 2024, with
health cadres in RW 05, Balekambang Subdistrict, Kramat Jati District, East Jakarta, it was
found that RT 007 and 008/RW 05 have a population of 659 residents, comprising 205
households in RT 008 and 285 households in RT 007. The interviews revealed low awareness
about healthy living, including poor diet and lack of physical activity. According to the head of
RW 05, 90 residents have diabetes, with 49 of them not taking medication. Their blood sugar
levels range between 230-321 mg/dL.
Interviews with 12 diabetes patients in RT 007 and 008 found that 7 (58.3%) reported
symptoms such as numbness, fatigue, and drowsiness. They consume 2 tablespoons of
honey daily but are unaware of cinnamon infusion as a treatment option due to its strong
scent. Meanwhile, 5 (41.6%) who do not manage their condition reported frequent urination
at night, blurred vision, hunger, tooth loss, and weight loss. Observations indicated that only
3 residents regularly consume cinnamon infusion for blood sugar management. Given these
findings, the researcher is interested in conducting a study titled "The Effect of the
Combination of Cinnamon Powder Infusion and Honey on Blood Sugar Levels in Type II
Diabetes Mellitus Patients in RW 05, Balekambang Subdistrict, East Jakarta."

The Effect Of The Combination Of Cinnamon Powder Infusion And Honey On Reducing
Blood Sugar Levels In Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients In RT 007 And 008 / RW 05,
Balekambang Subdistrict, East Jakarta–Muhamad Tridhal Dadi Utomo et.al
286 | P a g e
 Jurnal Eduhealth
Volume 15 , Number 04, 2024, DOI 10.54209/eduhealth.v15i04
ESSN 2808-4608 (Online)
https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/healt

METHOD
This study used a quantitative research method with a quasi-experimental design employing
a pre-post test without control group design. The population in this study consisted of 49
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients in RT 007 and 008/RW 05, Balekambang Subdistrict, East
Jakarta. The sample size was 32 respondents, selected using consecutive sampling, where
participants who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study until a specific period
was reached. The instruments used in this study were as follows:
a. Questionnaire on respondent characteristics covering age, gender, education, and
occupation.
b. Glucometer to measure blood sugar levels before and after the intervention.
c. Cinnamon and honey:
1. 3 grams of ground dried cinnamon (1 teaspoon) was added to 200 ml of hot
water.
2. After the mixture cooled slightly, 2 teaspoons of pure honey were added and
stirred evenly.
3. Once the infusion cooled, the cinnamon and honey drink was ready for
consumption.
d. Observation sheets containing the results of blood sugar measurements before and
after the intervention.
e. The study was conducted according to Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Univariate Results
Respondent Characteristics
a. Age
Table . Distribution of Respondent Characteristics Based on Age of Respondents
with Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Age Frequency Percentage (%)
30-40 years old 11 34.4
41-50 years old 12 71.9
51-60 years old 9 28.1
Amount 32 100.0
Based on table 1, it shows that the characteristics of respondents based on age from
32 respondents, 12 respondents (71.9%) were aged 41-50 years, 11 respondents (34.4%)
were aged 30-40 years, and 9 respondents (28.1%) were aged 51-60 years. The majority of
respondents are aged 41-50 years (71.9%), aligning with the study by Azmaina et al [1],
which found 70% of respondents in the same age group related to type II diabetes. This age
is considered vulnerable as the aging process reduces the pancreas's ability to produce
insulin, and most respondents have lived in the research location for a long time[13]

The Effect Of The Combination Of Cinnamon Powder Infusion And Honey On Reducing
Blood Sugar Levels In Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients In RT 007 And 008 / RW 05,
Balekambang Subdistrict, East Jakarta–Muhamad Tridhal Dadi Utomo et.al
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 Jurnal Eduhealth
Volume 15 , Number 04, 2024, DOI 10.54209/eduhealth.v15i04
ESSN 2808-4608 (Online)
https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/healt

b. Gender
Table 2. Distribution of Respondent Characteristics Based on Gender of Respondents
with Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Gender Frequency Percentage (%)
Man 16 50
Woman 16 50
Amount 32 100.0
This study shows an equal distribution of respondents by gender, with 50% male and
50% female. These results differ from the study by Purnamawati & Kep[14], which found a
majority of female respondents (67%) in research on the effect of cinnamon decoction on
lowering blood sugar levels. Sex refers to the biological differences between males and
females, which are fixed from birth, while gender reflects differences in roles and
responsibilities shaped by social constructs[15]. The researchers concluded that respondents
in RT 007 and 008 / RW 05, Balekambang Village, have a balanced gender distribution,
supported by population data from the neighborhood head showing nearly equal numbers of
males and females.
c. Education
Table 3. Distribution of Respondent Characteristics Based on Education of
Respondents with Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Education Frequency (people) Percentage (%)
Elementary Education (SD) 7 21.9
Secondary Education (Junior High School, 17 53.1
Senior High School) 8 25
Higher Education (D3, S1, S2)
Amount 32 100.0
Based on table 3, this study shows that the majority of respondents have a secondary
education (SMP, SMA) at 53.1%, consistent with the study by Isnaniah & Nirwana[16], which
recorded 63.3% of respondents with secondary education related to the effect of cinnamon
infusion on blood sugar levels. Education aims to create a learning environment that fosters
the development of students' potential, including intelligence, morals, and skills (Pristawanti
et al., 2022). The researchers concluded that most respondents in RT 007 and 008 / RW 05,
Balekambang Village, East Jakarta, have a secondary education due to low interest in further
studies and the perception that SMP or SMA education is sufficient for employment.
d. Work
Table 4. Distribution of Respondent Characteristics Based on Occupation of
Respondents with Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Work FrequencyPercentage (%)
Work 28 87.5
Doesn't work 4 12.5
Amount 32 100.0

The Effect Of The Combination Of Cinnamon Powder Infusion And Honey On Reducing
Blood Sugar Levels In Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients In RT 007 And 008 / RW 05,
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 Jurnal Eduhealth
Volume 15 , Number 04, 2024, DOI 10.54209/eduhealth.v15i04
ESSN 2808-4608 (Online)
https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/healt

Based on table 4, this study shows that the majority of respondents are employed
(87.5%), in line with the study by Purnamawati & Kep[14], which found 63% of respondents
working in relation to the effect of cinnamon decoction on blood sugar levels. Work is an
activity performed to meet personal and societal needs while developing skills and
responsibilities[17]. The researchers concluded that most respondents in RT 007 and 008 /
RW 05, Balekambang Village, East Jakarta, are employed, primarily because their area is close
to shopping centers, such as traditional markets, where many work as traders.
1. Average Blood Sugar Levels Before Given Combination Intervention of Cinnamon
Powder and Honey Brew
Table 5. Average Blood Sugar Levels of Respondents Before Being Given a
Combination Intervention of Cinnamon Powder and Honey Brewing Water to Reduce Blood
Sugar Levels in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Blood sugar levels Mean Std. Deviation
Pre 247.0 49.01
Based on table 5, this study shows that the average blood sugar level of respondents
before receiving the cinnamon and honey infusion intervention was 247.0 mg/dl. These
findings align with the study by Syafriani & Verawati [18], which examined the effect of
cinnamon extract on blood sugar levels in type II diabetes mellitus (DM) patients in Kumantan
Village using a quasi-experiment with a non-equivalent pretest-posttest design. The
intervention involved administering cinnamon extract twice daily for seven days, resulting in
an average blood sugar reduction of 37.75 mg/dl, from 263.4 mg/dl to a lower level. Blood
sugar refers to the level of glucose in the bloodstream, which comes from carbohydrates in
food and is stored as glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles[2]. Glucose is essential as an
energy source for various biological processes in the body. The analysis revealed that
respondents were in the high blood sugar category, with habits of insufficient physical activity
and irregular eating patterns. Interviews indicated that type II DM patients often rest after
morning activities and follow unhealthy diets. Managing DM requires a diet low in
carbohydrates and fat, high in protein, regular exercise, sufficient sleep, and avoiding smoking
and alcohol.
2. Average Blood Sugar Levels After Given a Combination Intervention of Cinnamon
Powder and Honey
Table 6. Average Blood Sugar Levels of Respondents After Being Given a
Combination Intervention of Cinnamon Powder and Honey Brewed Water to Reduce Blood
Sugar Levels in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Blood sugar levels Mean Std. Deviation
Post 222.7 40.42
Based on table 6, this study shows that the average blood sugar level of respondents
before the intervention with cinnamon and honey infusion was 247.0 mg/dl. These findings
are consistent with the study by Azmaina et al[1], which recorded an initial average blood
sugar level of 222.5 mg/dl. Cinnamon, derived from the dried bark of trees in the

The Effect Of The Combination Of Cinnamon Powder Infusion And Honey On Reducing
Blood Sugar Levels In Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients In RT 007 And 008 / RW 05,
Balekambang Subdistrict, East Jakarta–Muhamad Tridhal Dadi Utomo et.al
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 Jurnal Eduhealth
Volume 15 , Number 04, 2024, DOI 10.54209/eduhealth.v15i04
ESSN 2808-4608 (Online)
https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/healt

Cinnamomum genus, contains key components such as essential oils, eugenol, flavonoids,
and polyphenols, which enhance insulin receptor proteins in body cells[8]. Honey, produced
by Apis and Meliponinae bees, aids glycemic control, stimulates glucose uptake in peripheral
tissues, and regulates enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism[19]. The researchers’
analysis indicates that respondents’ blood sugar levels slightly decreased after the
intervention. Interviews revealed that diabetes symptoms experienced by respondents
diminished after consuming the infusion regularly for seven days. Additionally, respondents
began adopting a healthier lifestyle as recommended by the researchers, including
maintaining a proper diet and engaging in physical activity.
3. Difference in Average Blood Sugar Levels Before and After Given a Combination
Intervention of Cinnamon Powder and Honey
Table 7. Difference in Average Blood Sugar Levels of Respondents Before and After
Given a Combination Intervention of Cinnamon Powder and Honey Brewed Water on
Reducing Blood Sugar Levels in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Blood sugar levels Mean Std.deviation
Pre 247.0 49.1
Post 222.7 40.42
Based on table 7, it shows that giving a combination of cinnamon powder and honey
infusion can reduce the average blood sugar level before the intervention was (247.0 mg/dl),
while the average blood sugar level after the intervention of the combination of cinnamon
powder and honey infusion was (222.7 mg/dl).
Bivariate Results
Table 8. The Effect of a Combination of Cinnamon Powder and Honey Brewed Water
on Reducing Blood Sugar Levels in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Variables Mean SD P Value N
Blood Sugar Levels
Blood Sugar Levels (Pre-post) 24.28 25.81 0,000 32
Based on the results of table 8, the study on the effect of cinnamon powder and honey
infusion on reducing blood sugar levels in type II diabetes mellitus patients in RT 007 and 008
/ RW 05, Balekambang Village, East Jakarta, a decrease of 24.28 mg/dl in respondents' blood
sugar levels was observed. The statistical test using the Paired T-test yielded a p-value of
0.001 (P < 0.05). These results indicate that H0 is rejected, meaning the cinnamon and honey
infusion had a significant impact. These findings align with Syafriani & Verawati’s [18] study,
which demonstrated a 37.75 mg/dl reduction in blood sugar levels after cinnamon extract
intervention in type II diabetes mellitus patients, with a non-equivalent pretest-posttest
statistical result of p-value 0.001 (P < 0.05). The study by Safitri et al[11] also supports these
results, showing a 105 mg/dl reduction in blood sugar levels after the consumption of
cinnamon and honey infusion in type II diabetes mellitus patients at Ketapang Health Center,
with a p-value of 0.000 (P < 0.05), indicating a significant effect.

The Effect Of The Combination Of Cinnamon Powder Infusion And Honey On Reducing
Blood Sugar Levels In Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients In RT 007 And 008 / RW 05,
Balekambang Subdistrict, East Jakarta–Muhamad Tridhal Dadi Utomo et.al
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 Jurnal Eduhealth
Volume 15 , Number 04, 2024, DOI 10.54209/eduhealth.v15i04
ESSN 2808-4608 (Online)
https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/healt

Cinnamon reduces blood glucose levels due to flavonoid compounds that enhance the
sensitivity of pancreatic beta cells to release insulin[1]. Honey, derived from Apis and
Meliponinae bees, improves glycemic control, stimulates glucose uptake in peripheral tissues,
and regulates the activity and expression of enzymes involved in carbohydrate
metabolism[19].The researchers concluded that non-pharmacological management of type II
diabetes through cinnamon and honey infusion positively impacts blood sugar reduction.
While cinnamon lowers blood glucose by enhancing insulin release, honey improves glycemic
control and glucose uptake. However, some respondents were still unaware of the benefits
of this combination due to limited information.

CONCLUSION
Based on the research results and the discussion presented in the previous chapter regarding
the effects of cinnamon powder and honey infusion on reducing blood sugar levels in type II
diabetes mellitus patients in RT 007 and 008 / RW 05, Balekambang Village, East Jakarta,
the researcher concludes: The majority of respondents are aged 41-50 years (71.9%), with
an equal gender distribution of 50% male and 50% female. Most respondents have a
secondary education (SMP/SMA) at 53.1%, and 87.5% are employed. The average blood
sugar level before the intervention with cinnamon powder and honey infusion was 247.0
mg/dl. The average blood sugar level after the intervention decreased to 222.7 mg/dl. There
is a significant effect of the cinnamon powder and honey infusion on reducing blood sugar
levels in type II diabetes mellitus patients in RT 007 and 008 / RW 05, Balekambang Village,
East Jakarta, as indicated by the statistical test result with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.005.

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Volume 15 , Number 04, 2024, DOI 10.54209/eduhealth.v15i04
ESSN 2808-4608 (Online)
https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/healt

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