L D College of Engineering

Mechanical Engineering Department

Experiment No: 8
To verify Impulse-momentum principle for impact of jet on stationary vane
Relevant CO: CO3
Objectives:
 To study impulse momentum principle.
 To determine force on flat plate.
 To determine force on curved plate.
 To verify impulse momentum principle by comparing force experimentally and theoretically
Theory:
Water turbines are widely used throughout the world to generate power. In the type of water turbine referred
to as a Pelton wheel, one or more water jets are directed tangentially on to vanes or buckets that are fastened
to the rim of the turbine disc. The impact of the water on the vanes generates a torque on the wheel, causing
it to rotate and to develop power.
To predict the output of a Pelton wheel, and to determine its optimum rotational speed, we need to
understand how the deflection of the jet generates a force on the buckets, and how the force is related to the
rate of momentum flow in the jet. In this experiment, we measure the force generated by a jet of water
striking a flat plate or a hemispherical cup, and compare the results with the computed momentum flow rate
in the jet.

Fluid Mechanics and hydraulic machines (3141906)

Prof N K Patel: Course Coordinator
 L D College of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

Apparatus Description:

The experimental apparatus Consist of a chamber provided with Acrylic Sheets. A floating vane fixing rod
is provided over the chamber to which the vane is fixed. An initial balance weight is provided for balancing
the vane. Another sliding weight is provided to balance the vane fixing rod while the jet is striking the vane.
A nozzle is fixed below the vane through which a vertical jet issues. Acontrol valve provided controls the
pressure at the jet and hence the flow rate and velocity of the jet.

Different vanes are provided. The vanes can be interchangeably fixed to the rod. By adjusting the sliding
weight, rod is balanced. By taking the moment about the fulcrum, impact force can be calculated.

Various deflector vanes:-

1. Flate Plate
2. Hemisphere Different

Nozzles Provided:-
1. 4 mm diameter nozzle
2. 8 mm diameter nozzle

Experimental Procedure:

1) Fix the vane to the fixing rod. Adjust the balancing weight so that vane fixing rod is in horizontal
position,.
2) Fill up sufficient water in the sump tank.
3) Open the control valve fully and start the pump.
4) Put the sliding weight over the rod and adjust it’s distance such that the vane fixing rod is balanced.
5) Note down the discharge and distance of the sliding weight.
6) Repeat the procedure by changing the control valve position.

Fluid Mechanics and hydraulic machines (3141906)

Prof N K Patel: Course Coordinator
 L D College of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

7) Repeat the procedure for another vane.

Observation Table:
Sr. Nozzle Diameter Type of Vane Time taken for filling Mass Distance of
No. 10 cm height in Added m Sliding
Discharge tank t (sec) (kg) weight L
(m)

Fluid Mechanics and hydraulic machines (3141906)

Prof N K Patel: Course Coordinator
 L D College of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

Fluid Mechanics and hydraulic machines (3141906)

Prof N K Patel: Course Coordinator
 L D College of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

Result Table:

Sr. Types of vane Nozzle Diameter Fthin N Fexpin N

No.

Conclusion

Fluid Mechanics and hydraulic machines (3141906)

Prof N K Patel: Course Coordinator
 L D College of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

Quiz:
1. Derive an expression for calculating efficiency for radial vane for jet striking a moving curved vane
tangentially at one tip.
2. Derive an expression for calculating efficiency for radial vane for jet striking a moving curved vane
at center.
3. Find the expression for efficiency of a series of moving curved vane when a jet of water strikes the
vanes at one of its tips?
4. A tank, which is free to move, is provided with an orifice on side. Through which jet of water is
coming out. Obtain an equation for work done per second on tank and efficiency of propulsion
5. A nozzle of 50 mm diameter delivers a stream of water that strikes a flat plate which is held normal
to the axis of stream. If the issuing jet has a velocity of 18m/s, make calculationfor:
(1) Force exerted on the plate if heldstationary.

(2) Force exerted on the plate, work done/second, and the jet efficiency
if the plate moves in the direction of jet at6m/s
(3) Work done if the plate is replaced by a series of plates moving with
velocity of6m/s.

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Criteria % 10 9-8 7-6 5

Correct answers Correct answers Correct answers
Correct answers
Knowledge 30 90% or more by between 70- between 50-
less than 50%.
student. 89%. 69%.
Proper formatting Only formatting A few required Several elements
and well is improper elements are missing
Quality of
20 attempted quiz (Location of (labeling/ (content in
report
and case study figures/tables, notations) are paragraph, labels,
with excellent use of pencil and missing. figures, tables).

Fluid Mechanics and hydraulic machines (3141906)

Prof N K Patel: Course Coordinator
 L D College of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

reported work scale). Average Poor report

Good

Participation
Moderately Focused limited
Participation 25% Excellent
30 focused attention attention in the Less
type focused attention
on exercise. exercise. Participation
in the exercise.
Submission late Submission late Submission late
Timely
Punctuality 20 by one by two by more than two
Submission
laboratory. laboratories. laboratories.
Criteria % Level of Marks Multiplication Total Remarks
Knowledge 30 0.3 *_____
Quality of 20 0.2*_____
report
Participation 30 0.3*_____
Punctuality 20 0.2*______
Total Marks

Fluid Mechanics and hydraulic machines (3141906)

Prof N K Patel: Course Coordinator