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ADVANCED EXCEL

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ADVANCED EXCEL

Dr. M. DINESH KUMAR, MBA., M.Com., M.Phil., Ph.D.,

Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce with Computer Applications,
Mannar Thirumalai Naicker College, Vilachery Main Rd., Pasumalai,
Madurai-625004, Tamil Nadu, India. Phone: 97 87 49 48 63,
Email: [email protected] [email protected]
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=pPI_-P4AAAAJ&hl=en
Research Gate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dinesh-Manickam-2/research
 LIST OF PROGRAMS
1. Create a table to perform statistical and mathematical functions.
2. Create a spreadsheet to sort data and print portions of a worksheet.
3. Create worksheet with following fields Empno, Ename, Basic Pay(BP), Travelling Allowance(TA), Dearness Allowance(DA),
House Rent Allowance(HRA), Income Tax(IT), Provident Fund(PF), Net Pay(NP)
4. Given: DA= 30% of BP, HRA=20% of BP, TA=17.5% of BP, IT=15% of BP, PF=12.5% of BP
5. Create an Excel Worksheet for the monthly sales of a product and also represent the data by using bar char
6. Diagrammatic presentation of data in Graphing and Charting using MS Excel ( line chart, pie chart, Pivot charts )
7. Import and Export the data (.txt or .csv) files
8. Create a spreadsheet to use IF, nested IF, VLOOKUP and the HLOOKUP functions of Excel.
9. Demonstrate any FIVE Statistical functions using MS-Excel.( MEAN,MEDIAN,MODE,Standard Deviation, Quartiles
Functions,etc.,)
10. Draw a Histogram Diagram in MS-Excel using student data set
11. Use the data below to create a histogram for annual returns on stocks, bills, and bonds. Which investment has the highest
average return?
Year Stocks T. Bills T. Bonds
1928 43.81% 3.08% 0.84%
1929 -8.30% 3.16% 4.20%
1930 -25.12% 4.55% 4.54%
1931 -43.84% 2.31% -2.56%
1932 -8.64% 1.07% 8.79%
1933 49.98% 0.96% 1.86%
1934 -1.19% 0.30% 7.96%
1997 31.86% 4.91% 9.94%
1998 28.34% 5.16% 14.92%
1999 20.89% 4.39% -8.25%
2000 -9.03% 5.37% 16.66%
2001 -11.85% 5.57% 5.57%
12. Calculate correlation coefficient in Excel AND plot a correlation graph in Excel
13. Perform Regression analysis with given dataset.
14. Perform correlation analysis with given data.
15. Create pivot table and carry out the analysis with charts.
16. From the following data obtain the Pearson’s coefficient of correlation
X 10 15 12 17 13 16 24 14
Y 30 42 45 46 33 34 40 35
1. Create a table to perform statistical and mathematical functions.

Statistical and Mathematical Functions in Advanced Excel

Basic Statistical Functions in Advanced Excel
Steps to Use in Excel:
•Enter Data: Input the data in cells A1 to A5 (e.g., 10, 20, 30, 40, 50).
•Apply Formula: Use the formula in the adjacent cells (e.g., in column B).
Interpret Outputs: Excel will calculate the results for each function.
Function Formula Purpose Example Data Output
Adds all numbers in the specified
SUM =SUM(A1:A5) A1:A5 = 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 150
range.
Calculates the mean (average) of
AVERAGE =AVERAGE(A1:A5) A1:A5 = 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 30
numbers.
MEDIAN =MEDIAN(A1:A5) Finds the middle value in a dataset. A1:A5 = 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 30

Returns the most frequently

MODE.SNGL =MODE.SNGL(A1:A6) A1:A6 = 10, 20, 30, 20, 50 20
occurring value.
Returns the largest value in the
MAX =MAX(A1:A5) A1:A5 = 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 50
range.
Returns the smallest value in the
MIN =MIN(A1:A5) A1:A5 = 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 10
range.
Counts the number of numeric A1:A6 = 10, 20, "NA", 30,
COUNT =COUNT(A1:A6) 5
values. 40, 50
Calculates the standard deviation of
STDEV.S =STDEV.S(A1:A5) A1:A5 = 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 15.81
a sample.
VAR.S =VAR.S(A1:A5) Calculates the variance of a sample. A1:A5 = 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 250
Returns the 50th percentile
PERCENTILE =PERCENTILE(A1:A5,0.5) A1:A5 = 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 30
(median).
 Basic Mathematical Functions in Advanced Excel

How to Use These in Excel:

•Enter Example Data: Input the sample data in column A (e.g., A1 = 10, A2 = 20, etc.).
•Apply Formulas: Use the formulas in the adjacent column (e.g., column B).
•View Results: Excel will instantly calculate the outputs.
Function Formula Purpose Example Data Output
Subtracts one value from
SUBTRACTION =A1-A2 A1 = 50, A2 = 20 30
another.
MULTIPLICATION =A1*A2 Multiplies two values. A1 = 10, A2 = 5 50
Divides one value by
DIVISION =A1/A2 A1 = 50, A2 = 10 5
another.
Raises the value to a
POWER =POWER(A1,2) A1 = 5 25
power.
Returns the square root of
SQRT =SQRT(A1) A1 = 16 4
a number.
Returns the absolute
ABS =ABS(A1) value (positive) of a A1 = -25 25
number.
Rounds a number to 2
ROUND =ROUND(A1,2) A1 = 3.14159 3.14
decimal places.
Rounds a number down
INT =INT(A1) A1 = 7.89 7
to the nearest integer.
Returns the remainder of
MOD =MOD(A1,A2) A1 = 10, A2 = 3 1
a division.
Returns the sum of a
SUBTOTAL =SUBTOTAL(9, A1:A5) filtered range (ignores Data: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 150
hidden or filtered rows).
2. Create a spreadsheet to sort data and print portions of a worksheet.

Steps to Create a Spreadsheet for Sorting Data and Printing Portions of a Worksheet in Advanced
Excel

SORTING DATA
Scenario: Sorting a table of employees by name, department, and salary
Steps to Sort Data:
•Highlight the Data: Select the range of your table (A1:C6).
•Go to the “Data” Tab: Click on “Sort” in the Ribbon.
•Choose Sorting Criteria:
1.Sort by Name (Ascending A-Z).
2.Add a level to sort by Department.
Further, sort by Salary (Descending, Largest to Smallest).

Name Department Salary

John IT 45000
Sarah HR 40000
Alice IT 50000
Bob Finance 60000
Michael HR 55000
Resulting Sorted Data (by Name, Department, and Salary):

Name Department Salary

Alice IT 50000
Bob Finance 60000
John IT 45000
Michael HR 55000
Sarah HR 40000
PRINTING PORTIONS OF A WORKSHEET
Scenario: Print only the employee names and salaries
•Select the Range: Highlight columns A and C (Name and Salary).
•Go to “File” Tab: Click on Print.
•Adjust the Print Settings:
a)In “Settings”, choose “Print Selection” to print only the selected columns.
b)Use “Page Layout” to adjust margins and fit the data on the page.
•Print Preview: Ensure the printout includes only the required portions.
•Print: Click “Print” to complete the process.
 3. Create worksheet with following fields Emp. No, E. name, Basic Pay(BP), Travelling
Allowance(TA), Dearness Allowance(DA), House Rent Allowance(HRA), Income Tax(IT),
Provident Fund(PF), Net Pay(NP)
Below is a step-by-step guide to create a worksheet in Advanced Excel with the specified fields
and calculate the Net Pay (NP) for employees.
Worksheet Structure:

Emp. No. E. Name BP TA DA HRA IT PF NP

NP = BP + TA + DA + HRA -
101 John 30,000 2,000 6,000 4,500 3,000 1,500
IT - PF

NP = BP + TA + DA + HRA -
102 Alice 35,000 2,500 7,000 5,250 3,500 2,000 IT - PF

NP = BP + TA + DA + HRA -
103 Bob 25,000 1,800 5,000 3,750 2,500 1,200 IT - PF

NP = BP + TA + DA + HRA -
104 Sarah 40,000 3,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,500 IT - PF
 Steps to Create and Calculate Fields in Advanced Excel
•Enter Field Names in Row 1:
1.Input the field names in Row 1: Empno, Ename, BP, TA, DA, HRA, IT, PF, NP.
•Input Data:
1.Enter employee details in Rows 2 to n for columns Empno, Ename, BP (Basic Pay), TA
(Travelling Allowance), DA (Dearness Allowance), HRA (House Rent Allowance), IT (Income
Tax), and PF (Provident Fund).
•Net Pay (NP) Calculation:
1.Use the following formula to calculate Net Pay in the NP column:
NP = BP + TA + DA + HRA - IT - PF
•Enter Formula in Excel:
1.In cell I2 (first row under NP), enter this formula:
=C2 + D2 + E2 + F2 - G2 - H2
Press Enter. Drag the formula down for all employees.
Result Example:

Emp. No. E. Name BP TA DA HRA IT PF NP

101 John 30,000 2,000 6,000 4,500 3,000 1,500 38,000

102 Alice 35,000 2,500 7,000 5,250 3,500 2,000 44,250

103 Bob 25,000 1,800 5,000 3,750 2,500 1,200 31,850

104 Sarah 40,000 3,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,500 50,500

4. Given: DA= 30% of BP, HRA=20% of BP, TA=17.5% of BP, IT=15% of BP, PF=12.5% of BP.

Calculate Net Pay (NP) in Advanced Excel, considering the given percentages for allowances and
deductions:
Steps to Create the Worksheet:
•Fields/Columns Required:
a)Emp. No., E. Name, BP (Basic Pay), DA, HRA, TA, IT, PF, NP.
•Given Percentages:
a)DA = 30% of BP
b)HRA = 20% of BP
c)TA = 17.5% of BP
d)IT = 15% of BP
e)PF = 12.5% of BP
NP (Net Pay) = BP + DA + HRA + TA - IT - PF
Example Data Table in Excel:

Emp. No. E. Name BP DA HRA TA IT PF NP

101 John 30,000 Formula Formula Formula Formula Formula Formula

102 Alice 35,000 Formula Formula Formula Formula Formula Formula

103 Bob 25,000 Formula Formula Formula Formula Formula Formula

104 Sarah 40,000 Formula Formula Formula Formula Formula Formula

Formulas for Each Field:
a. DA (Dearness Allowance):
•Formula: =C2*30%
•Example: If BP (C2) is 30,000, then DA = 30,000 * 0.30 = 9,000.
b. HRA (House Rent Allowance):
•Formula: =C2*20%
•Example: If BP (C2) is 30,000, then HRA = 30,000 * 0.20 = 6,000.
c. TA (Travelling Allowance):
•Formula: =C2*17.5%
•Example: If BP (C2) is 30,000, then TA = 30,000 * 0.175 = 5,250.
d. IT (Income Tax):
•Formula: =C2*15%
•Example: If BP (C2) is 30,000, then IT = 30,000 * 0.15 = 4,500.
e. PF (Provident Fund):
•Formula: =C2*12.5%
•Example: If BP (C2) is 30,000, then PF = 30,000 * 0.125 = 3,750.
f. NP (Net Pay):
•Formula: =C2+D2+E2+F2-G2-H2
•Example: If BP = 30,000, DA = 9,000, HRA = 6,000, TA = 5,250, IT = 4,500, PF = 3,750:
NP = 30,000 + 9,000 + 6,000 + 5,250 - 4,500 - 3,750 = 42,000.
Final Table with Calculated Values:
 Emp. No. E. Name BP DA HRA TA IT PF NP

101 John 30,000 9,000 6,000 5,250 4,500 3,750 42,000

102 Alice 35,000 10,500 7,000 6,125 5,250 4,375 49,000

103 Bob 25,000 7,500 5,000 4,375 3,750 3,125 35,000

104 Sarah 40,000 12,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 56,000

How to Use in Advanced Excel:

•Enter Field Names:
a)Enter Empno, Ename, BP, DA, HRA, TA, IT, PF, NP in Row 1.
•Input Employee Data:
a)Fill in Empno, Ename, and BP (Basic Pay) for each employee.
•Apply Formulas:
a)Use the formulas above in their respective columns.
b)Drag down formulas to apply to all rows.
•Formatting:
a)Use Currency Format for BP, DA, HRA, TA, IT, PF, and NP columns.
•Conditional Formatting (Optional):
Highlight employees with Net Pay > 50,000 using Conditional Formatting.
5. Create an Excel Worksheet for the monthly sales of a product and also represent the data by
using bar char.
Step-by-Step Guide: Create an Excel Worksheet for Monthly Sales Data and Represent it with a Bar
Chart
A. Worksheet Design:
Create the following structure in your Excel worksheet:

Month January February March April May June July August September October November December

Sales (₹) 50,000 45,000 60,000 55,000 70,000 65,000 80,000 75,000 85,000 90,000 95,0001,00,000

B. Enter Data in Excel:

•Open a new Excel workbook.
•In Column A, enter the months: January to December.
•In Column B, enter the sales data for each month as shown above.
C. Create a Bar Chart:
•Select the Data:
a)Highlight both columns, including the headers Month and Sales (₹).
•Insert a Bar Chart:
a)Go to the Insert Tab on the ribbon.
b)Under the Charts Group, select the Bar Chart option.
c)Choose either a Clustered Bar Chart or a Stacked Bar Chart (whichever you prefer).
•Customize the Chart:
a)Add a chart title: Click on the chart → Type "Monthly Sales Data" as the title.
b)Add axis titles:
oFor the horizontal axis (X-axis), label it as "Sales (₹)".
oFor the vertical axis (Y-axis), label it as "Months".
c)Adjust colors, styles, or layout to make it visually appealing.
•Position the Chart:
Drag the chart below the data table to make it easy to view.
D. Final Excel Worksheet:
Data Bar Chart:

Bar Chart Example (Representation):

•The bar chart will display Months (January to December) on the Y-axis and Sales in ₹ on the X-axis.
•Each bar will correspond to the sales figure for a particular month.
E. Tips for Advanced Excel Features:
•Conditional Formatting on Data Table:
Highlight months with sales > ₹80,000:
Go to Home Tab → Conditional Formatting → Highlight Cells Rules → Greater than ₹80,000.
 6. Diagrammatic presentation of data in Graphing and Charting using MS Excel ( line chart,
pie chart, Pivot charts ).
Diagrammatic Presentation of Data in MS Excel Using Graphs and Charts
Create Line Charts, Pie Charts, and Pivot Charts in Advanced Excel with step-by-step
instructions and example data.
Step A: Example Data
Month Product A Sales (₹) Product B Sales (₹) Market Share (%)
January 50,000 40,000 20%
February 45,000 35,000 18%
March 60,000 55,000 25%
April 55,000 45,000 23%
May 70,000 60,000 28%
June 65,000 50,000 24%

Step B: Line Chart

Purpose:
Line charts are best for showing trends over time.
How to Create a Line Chart:
•Select the Data:
a)Highlight Month, Product A Sales, and Product B Sales.
•Insert the Line Chart:
a)Go to the Insert Tab → Under Charts Group, click on Insert Line Chart.
b)Choose a 2D Line Chart.
•Customize the Chart:
a)Add a title: "Sales Trend of Product A and B".
b)Label the X-axis as Months.
c)Label the Y-axis as Sales (₹).
Use different colors for Product A and Product B lines for clarity.
•Final Output:
A chart showing sales trends of Product A and B over months.

Step C: Pie Chart

Purpose:
Pie charts are used to show the proportion or percentage of different components.
How to Create a Pie Chart:
•Select the Data:
a)Use the Market Share (%) column for one month (e.g., June).
•Insert the Pie Chart:
a)Go to the Insert Tab → Under Charts Group, click on Insert Pie Chart.
b)Choose a 2D Pie Chart.
•Customize the Chart:
a)Add a title: "Market Share in June".
b)Right-click on the pie chart → Add Data Labels to display percentages.
Use Chart Styles to enhance visuals (e.g., 3D effects or highlighted segments).
•Final Output:
A pie chart showing the market share distribution.

Step D: Pivot Chart

Purpose:
Pivot Charts provide a dynamic way to visualize summarized
data.
How to Create a Pivot Chart:
•Prepare the Data:
a)Highlight the entire data table.
•Insert a Pivot Table:
a)Go to Insert Tab → Click on Pivot Table.
b)Choose a location (either in a new worksheet or
existing worksheet).
•Set Up the Pivot Table:
a)Drag Month to the Rows area.
b)Drag Product A Sales and Product B Sales to the
Values area.
•Insert a Pivot Chart:
a)Click anywhere on the Pivot Table.
b)Go to the PivotTable Analyze Tab → Click
PivotChart.
c)Choose a Column Chart or any chart type you prefer.
•Customize the Pivot Chart:
a)Add a title: "Sales Comparison of Product A and
B".
Modify fields dynamically by dragging items in the Pivot
Table Field List.
•Final Output:
A dynamic chart linked to the Pivot Table, allowing real-time filtering and grouping.

Summary Table of Chart Types

Chart Type Purpose How to Use
Line Chart Show trends over time Use for tracking sales or performance over months, quarters, or years.
Show proportions or Use for comparing market share, revenue contributions, or other
Pie Chart
percentages distributions.
Summarize and visualize Use for detailed comparisons, real-time filtering, and drill-down analysis
Pivot Chart
dynamic data with Pivot Tables.
7. Import and Export the data (.txt or .csv) files.

Importing and Exporting Data in MS Excel (.txt, .csv)

In Advanced Excel, importing and exporting data is a critical skill for managing external data sources. Below
is a guide on how to import and export data using .txt (Text) and .csv (Comma Separated Values) files.
Step 1: Importing Data
Importing .csv or .txt Files into Excel:
A. Import a CSV File:
•Open Excel and go to the Data tab.
•In the Get & Transform Data group, click From Text/CSV.
•Locate the .csv file you want to import and click Import.
•Excel will display a Text Import Wizard or show a preview of the data:
a)Delimiter Type: Choose the correct delimiter (e.g., Comma for .csv, Tab for .txt).
b)Preview the data to ensure proper column separation.
•Click Load to import the data into your Excel worksheet.
B. Import a Text (.txt) File:
•In Excel, go to the Data tab.
•Click From Text/CSV and locate the .txt file.
•In the Text Import Wizard:
a)Choose Delimited (for files with tabs, commas, or spaces separating values) or Fixed Width (for files
with fixed-length columns).
b)Click Next and select the appropriate delimiter (e.g., tab, space, comma).
c)Preview the data to ensure columns are correctly separated.
•Click Finish to load the data into Excel.
C. Handling Large Files:
•Power Query (within Get & Transform Data) allows you to load, filter, and transform large text or
CSV files.
•If you need advanced processing (e.g., splitting data into multiple columns), you can use the Power
Query Editor.
Step 2: Exporting Data
Exporting Data to a CSV or Text File:
•Exporting to a CSV File:
A.Open the Excel workbook that you want to export.
B.Click File → Save As.
C.Choose the location where you want to save the file.
D.In the Save as type dropdown, select CSV (Comma delimited) (*.csv).
E.Enter the file name and click Save.
Note: If your worksheet contains multiple sheets, only the active sheet will be saved in the CSV file.
Exporting to a Text File:
Open the Excel workbook you want to export.
Click File → Save As.
Choose the location where you want to save the file.
In the Save as type dropdown, select Text (Tab delimited) (*.txt).
Enter the file name and click Save.
Step 3: Common Issues and Solutions
A. Handling Special Characters:
When importing text or CSV files, make sure to check the encoding. Excel may not interpret special
characters (e.g., accents or symbols) correctly if the file's encoding is not set properly.
In the Text Import Wizard, choose the appropriate encoding, such as UTF-8.
B. Formatting After Import:
•After importing data, Excel might not automatically detect the correct data type (numbers, dates, etc.). In such
cases:
Text to Columns: Use the Text to Columns feature in the Data tab to split or convert data into proper
formats.
Format Cells: Manually format cells to numbers, dates, or text as needed.
C. Data Truncation in CSV Export:
•If you export large data, some text or numbers may be truncated if the cell data exceeds the character limit for
CSV files. Use the Text File format if more characters are needed.
Step 4: Automating Imports and Exports Using Power Query
For repeated imports/exports of data from external files (e.g., .csv, .txt), you can use Power Query to automate
the process:
•Import Data via Power Query:
A.Go to the Data Tab → Get Data → From File → From Text/CSV.
B.Load the data into the Power Query Editor.
C.Transform the data (e.g., filter, sort) before importing it into Excel.
D.Click Close & Load to load the data into Excel.
•Export Data via Power Query:
Power Query doesn't have a direct export to file feature, but you can automate the export process using VBA or
simply save the result of a query to a new worksheet or table.
Summary:
Action Steps File Types
Import Data Data Tab → From Text/CSV → Select File → Import .csv, .txt
Export Data (CSV) File → Save As → CSV (Comma delimited) .csv
Export Data (Text) File → Save As → Text (Tab delimited) .txt
Automating Import/Export Use Power Query for repeated tasks .csv, .txt
 8. Create a spreadsheet to use IF, nested IF, VLOOKUP and the HLOOKUP functions of Excel.

Creating a Spreadsheet Using IF, Nested IF, VLOOKUP, and HLOOKUP Functions in Excel
Below is a guide on how to create a spreadsheet that demonstrates the use of the IF, Nested IF,
VLOOKUP, and HLOOKUP functions in Advanced Excel.
Step 1: Example Data
Let’s start by creating some sample data for the demonstration:
Student Grades Table (for VLOOKUP and IF)
Student ID Name Marks Grade Category
101 Alice 85
102 Bob 72
103 Charlie 55
104 David 91
105 Eve 66
Step 2: Using IF Function
Purpose: The IF function is used to perform logical tests. It checks whether a condition is TRUE
or FALSE and returns one value for TRUE and another for FALSE.
Formula Example:
•Determine Grade based on Marks: In the Grade column, we will use the IF function to categorize
the grades based on the marks.
1.Formula for Grade (Cell D2):
=IF(C2>=80, "A", IF(C2>=60, "B", "C"))
Explanation:
1.If marks are greater than or equal to 80, assign grade A.
2.If marks are greater than or equal to 60 but less than 80, assign grade B.
If marks are below 60, assign grade C.
Output for Grade:
Student ID Name Marks Grade
101 Alice 85 A
102 Bob 72 B
103 Charlie 55 C
104 David 91 A
105 Eve 66 B

Step 3: Using Nested IF Function

Purpose: A nested IF function allows you to perform multiple logical tests in a sequence, where each IF
functions is placed inside another.
Formula Example:
•Categorize Students based on Marks (Advanced Grade Categories): We will now categorize the
students into Excellent, Good, and Needs Improvement based on their marks using nested IF.
1.Formula for Category (Cell E2):
=IF(C2>=85, "Excellent", IF(C2>=70, "Good", "Needs Improvement"))
Explanation:
1.If marks are greater than or equal to 85, the student is categorized as Excellent.
2.If marks are between 70 and 84, the student is categorized as Good.
If marks are below 70, the student needs improvement.
Output for Category:

Student ID Name Marks Grade Category

101 Alice 85 A Excellent
102 Bob 72 B Good
103 Charlie 55 C Needs Improvement
104 David 91 A Excellent
105 Eve 66 B Needs Improvement
Step 4: Using VLOOKUP Function
Purpose: The VLOOKUP function is used to look up a value in a vertical column and return a value
from another column in the same row.
Formula Example:
Find Student Grade Based on Student ID: Assume we have a Student Lookup Table where you want to
find the grade of a student based on their Student ID.

Student ID Grade
101 A
102 B
103 C
104 A
105 B
1.Formula to Find Grade (Cell F2):
=VLOOKUP(A2, $A$2:$D$6, 4, FALSE)
Explanation:
1.A2 is the lookup value (Student ID).
2.$A$2:$D$6 is the table array where the lookup data is stored.
3.4 is the column index number (Grade is in the 4th column).
4.FALSE ensures an exact match.
Output for Grade Using VLOOKUP (for a lookup table):
Student ID Name Marks Grade Category Grade Lookup
101 Alice 85 A Excellent A
102 Bob 72 B Good B
103 Charlie 55 C Needs Improvement C
104 David 91 A Excellent A
105 Eve 66 B Needs Improvement B
Step 5: Using HLOOKUP Function
Purpose: The HLOOKUP function is similar to VLOOKUP, but it looks for a value in a horizontal row instead of a
vertical column.
Formula Example:
Find Student Grade Based on Marks (Using Horizontal Lookup): We have the following data in a horizontal format for
grade lookup:
Marks 55 60 70 80 90
Grade C B B A A
1.Formula to Find Grade Using HLOOKUP (Cell F2):
=HLOOKUP(C2, $B$8:$F$9, 2, TRUE)
Explanation:
1.C2 is the lookup value (Marks).
2.$B$8:$F$9 is the table array (Marks and corresponding grades).
3.2 is the row index number (Grade is in the second row).
4.TRUE indicates an approximate match (closest value to the left).
Output for Grade Using HLOOKUP (based on Marks):
Student ID Name Marks Grade Category Grade Lookup HLOOKUP Grade
101 Alice 85 A Excellent A A
102 Bob 72 B Good B B
103 Charlie 55 C Needs Improvement C C
104 David 91 A Excellent A A
105 Eve 66 B Needs Improvement B B
Summary of Functions
Function Purpose Example Formula Use Case
Checks a condition and returns
IF =IF(C2>=80, "A", "B") Grade assignment based on marks
values based on TRUE/FALSE
Performs multiple logical tests in =IF(C2>=85, "Excellent", IF(C2>=70, "Good",
Nested IF Advanced categorization of students
sequence "Needs Improvement"))
VLOOKUP Looks up a value in a vertical column =VLOOKUP(A2, $A$2:$D$6, 4, FALSE) Retrieve data from a vertical table

HLOOKUP Looks up a value in a horizontal row =HLOOKUP(C2, $B$8:$F$9, 2, TRUE) Retrieve data from a horizontal table
 9. Demonstrate any FIVE Statistical functions using MS-Excel.(
MEAN,MEDIAN,MODE,Standard Deviation, Quartiles Functions,etc.,)
Demonstrating Five Statistical Functions in MS Excel:
Below, I'll demonstrate the use of five key statistical functions in MS Excel: MEAN, MEDIAN,
MODE, Standard Deviation, and Quartiles.
Step 1: Sample Data
First, let's create a sample data set that we will use to demonstrate the functions.
Data 12 15 10 18 20 15 18 22 19 14

Step 2: Using the Statistical Functions

•MEAN (Average):
The MEAN (also called the average) is calculated by summing up all the values and dividing by the number of data
points.
A.Formula:
=AVERAGE(A2:A11)
Explanation:
A.A2:A11 is the range of the data. The formula sums all the values and divides by the number of data points
(10).
Result:
A.Mean = 16.3
•MEDIAN:
The MEDIAN is the middle value in a data set when it is arranged in ascending or descending order. If there is an
even number of data points, it is the average of the two middle numbers.
A.Formula:
=MEDIAN(A2:A11)
Explanation:
A.The formula finds the middle value of the data set after sorting the values.
Result:
A.Median = 16.5
•Standard Deviation:
The Standard Deviation measures the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values. A low standard deviation
indicates that the values tend to be close to the mean, whereas a high standard deviation indicates that the values are
spread out.
A.Formula:
=STDEV.P(A2:A11)
Explanation:
A.STDEV.P calculates the standard deviation based on the entire population of data points.
Result:
A.Standard Deviation = 3.39 (rounded to two decimal places).
•Quartiles:
Quartiles divide the data into four equal parts, each containing 25% of the data points. The three quartiles are:
A.Q1 (First Quartile): The 25th percentile.
B.Q2 (Second Quartile): The median or 50th percentile.
C.Q3 (Third Quartile): The 75th percentile.
D.Formula for Q1:
=QUARTILE.INC(A2:A11, 1)
A.Formula for Q2 (Median):
=QUARTILE.INC(A2:A11, 2)
A.Formula for Q3:
=QUARTILE.INC(A2:A11, 3)
Explanation:
A.QUARTILE.INC divides the data into quartiles using the inclusive method (including the median value). The
numbers 1, 2, and 3 indicate the first, second, and third quartiles, respectively.
Result:
A.Q1 = 13.25
B.Q2 = 16.5 (which is the same as the MEDIAN)
C.Q3 = 19.5
Step 3: Summary of Results

Statistical Function Formula Result

Mean =AVERAGE(A2:A11) 16.3
Median =MEDIAN(A2:A11) 16.5
Mode =MODE(A2:A11) 15
Standard Deviation =STDEV.P(A2:A11) 3.39
Quartile 1 (Q1) =QUARTILE.INC(A2:A11, 1) 13.25
Quartile 2 (Q2) =QUARTILE.INC(A2:A11, 2) 16.5
Quartile 3 (Q3) =QUARTILE.INC(A2:A11, 3) 19.5

Explanation of Each Function:

•MEAN calculates the average value.
•MEDIAN finds the middle value of the dataset.
•MODE identifies the most frequent value.
•Standard Deviation measures how spread out the data is from the mean.
Quartiles break the data into 4 equal parts and help in understanding the distribution
 10. Draw a Histogram Diagram in MS-Excel using student data set.
Creating a Histogram Diagram in MS Excel Using Student Data Set
A Histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data. It is helpful to
understand how data points are spread across different ranges or intervals. Below are the steps to create a
histogram in Excel using a sample student data set.
Step 1: Sample Data Set
Consider the following dataset for student scores:
Student
Name Alice Bob Charlie David Eva Frank Grace Henry Ivy Jack Kevin Laura Mike Nora Oscar
Score 78 85 92 74 88 56 65 80 90 68 95 81 73 77 67

Step 2: Organizing Data

•Enter the Data into Excel:
1.Enter the student names in column A and their corresponding scores in column B.
Step 3: Set Up Bins for the Histogram
•Bins are the intervals or ranges that the data will be grouped into. In this case, we’ll categorize the
scores into intervals like 50-60, 60-70, 70-80, etc.
In column D, enter the bin values (the upper limit for each range).
Bins 60 70 80 90 100

Step 4: Create the Histogram

•Select the Data:
1.Select the data from column B (student scores) that you want to analyze (B2:B16 in this case).
•Insert a Histogram Chart:
1.Go to the Insert tab on the ribbon.
2.In the Charts group, click on the Insert Statistic Chart dropdown.
3.Select Histogram from the options.
•Customize the Chart:
1.Add a Chart Title, for example, "Student Score Distribution."
2.Label the X-axis as "Score Ranges" and the Y-axis as "Number of Students."
3.Adjust the colors and styles as needed to enhance readability.
Step 5: Final Histogram
Your histogram chart will show how many students fall into each score range. It will visually display the
distribution of the students' scores across the defined intervals.
Step 6: Example of Final Output
Histogram Chart Example:
Score Range Number of Students
50-60 1
60-70 3
70-80 5
80-90 3
90-100 2

Explanation:
•The X-axis represents the score ranges (bins), and the Y-axis shows the number of students who fall into each range.
The histogram will display bars that correspond to each score range and how many students' scores fall into that range.
 11. Use the data below to create a histogram for annual returns on stocks, bills, and bonds. Which
investment has the highest average return?
Year Stocks T. Bills T. Bonds
1928 43.81% 3.08% 0.84%
1929 -8.30% 3.16% 4.20%
1930 -25.12% 4.55% 4.54%
1931 -43.84% 2.31% -2.56%
1932 -8.64% 1.07% 8.79%
1933 49.98% 0.96% 1.86%
1934 -1.19% 0.30% 7.96%
1997 31.86% 4.91% 9.94%
1998 28.34% 5.16% 14.92%
1999 20.89% 4.39% -8.25%
2000 -9.03% 5.37% 16.66%
2001 -11.85% 5.57% 5.57%
Creating a Histogram for Annual Returns on Stocks, T. Bills, and T. Bonds
Create a histogram for the annual returns on Stocks, T. Bills, and T. Bonds. Additionally, calculate the average return for
each investment to determine which one has the highest average return.
Step 1: Enter the Data in Excel
Enter the data as follows in Excel:
Year Stocks T. Bills T. Bonds
1928 43.81% 3.08% 0.84%
1929 -8.30% 3.16% 4.20%
1930 -25.12% 4.55% 4.54%
1931 -43.84% 2.31% -2.56%
1932 -8.64% 1.07% 8.79%
1933 49.98% 0.96% 1.86%
1934 -1.19% 0.30% 7.96%
1997 31.86% 4.91% 9.94%
1998 28.34% 5.16% 14.92%
1999 20.89% 4.39% -8.25%
2000 -9.03% 5.37% 16.66%
2001 -11.85% 5.57% 5.57%
Step 2: Create the Histogram
To create the histogram for each investment, follow these steps:
•Select the Data for Stocks:
1.Highlight the data for Stocks (B2:B13).
•Insert the Histogram:
1.Go to the Insert tab in the ribbon.
2.In the Charts group, select Insert Statistic Chart > Histogram.
3.This will insert a histogram showing the distribution of annual returns for Stocks.
•Repeat the Process for T. Bills and T. Bonds:
1.For T. Bills, select the data for T. Bills (C2:C13) and repeat the histogram creation process.
For T. Bonds, select the data for T. Bonds (D2:D13) and repeat the histogram creation process.
Step 3: Calculate the Average Return for Each
Investment
Thus, Stocks have the highest average
Now, let's calculate the average return for each investment:
return over the given period.
•For Stocks:
a.In a new cell, use the formula:
=AVERAGE(B2:B13)
•For T. Bills:
a.In another cell, use the formula:
=AVERAGE(C2:C13)
•For T. Bonds:
a.In another cell, use the formula:
=AVERAGE(D2:D13)
Step 4: Results of Average Return
After calculating the average returns, the results will look
something like this:

Investment Average Return

Stocks 7.43%
T. Bills 3.83%
T. Bonds 4.89%

Step 5: Conclusion
From the calculated average returns:
•Stocks have the highest average return at 7.43%.
•T. Bonds have an average return of 4.89%.
T. Bills have the lowest average return at 3.83%.
 12. Calculate correlation coefficient in Excel AND plot a correlation graph in Excel.
Calculating the Correlation Coefficient and Plotting a Correlation Graph in Excel
The correlation coefficient is a measure that quantifies the relationship between two variables. It ranges
from -1 to 1, where:
• 1 indicates a perfect positive correlation,
• -1 indicates a perfect negative correlation,
• 0 indicates no correlation.
To calculate the correlation coefficient and plot a correlation graph in Excel, follow these steps:
Step 1: Enter the Data
Assume we have two sets of data: X (e.g., Sales) and Y (e.g., Advertising Budget). The data is as follows:
X (Sales) Y (Advertising Budget)
10 200
12 240
15 300
18 360
20 400
22 440
25 500

Step 2: Calculate the Correlation Coefficient

•Select a Cell:
a.In any empty cell, you can calculate the correlation coefficient using the =CORREL() function.
•Enter the Formula:
a.The formula for the correlation coefficient between X and Y is:
=CORREL(A2:A8, B2:B8)
a.Here, A2:A8 refers to the Sales data (X), and B2:B8 refers to the Advertising Budget data (Y).
•Press Enter:
a.After pressing Enter, Excel will calculate the correlation coefficient for the two variables.
Step 3: Interpret the Correlation Coefficient
Excel will display a number between -1 and 1. For this dataset, the correlation coefficient is likely to be
positive, indicating a positive relationship between Sales and Advertising Budget.

Step 4: Plot a Correlation Graph (Scatter Plot)

•Select the Data:
a.Select both columns (X and Y values, i.e., A2:B8).
•Insert a Scatter Plot:
a.Go to the Insert tab in the Excel ribbon.
b.In the Charts group, select Scatter from the chart options.
c.Choose Scatter with only Markers (this will plot individual points for each X, Y pair).
•Customize the Chart:
a.Once the scatter plot appears, you can add a trendline to visually show the relationship.
oRight-click on any data point in the chart.
oSelect Add Trendline.
oChoose Linear as the type of trendline.
•Add Chart and Axis Titles:
a.To make the chart clearer, add titles:
oClick on the chart and then select Chart Elements (the plus icon).
oCheck Chart Title and Axis Titles.
oLabel the X-axis as "Sales" and the Y-axis as "Advertising Budget."
 •Display the Equation and R-Squared Value:
a.Right-click on the trendline and select Format Trendline.
Under Trendline Options, check Display Equation on chart and Display R-squared value on chart.

Step 5: Example of the Result

•The correlation coefficient calculated will tell you the strength and direction of the relationship between
Sales and Advertising Budget.
The scatter plot will show the data points, and the trendline will illustrate the linear relationship. The R-
squared value will indicate how well the trendline fits the data, with a higher value indicating a stronger fit.
 13. Perform Regression analysis with given dataset.

Performing Regression Analysis in Excel

Regression analysis helps you understand the relationship between a dependent variable (Y) and
one or more independent variables (X). It is commonly used to predict values and assess the strength of
relationships.
In this example, we will perform Simple Linear Regression, where we have one independent
variable and one dependent variable. We will use Excel’s Data Analysis Toolpak for this.
Step-by-Step Guide
Step 1: Enter the Data
Let’s assume you have the following dataset, where X represents advertising budget, and Y
represents sales:
X (Advertising Budget) Y (Sales)
200 10
240 12
300 15
360 18
400 20
440 22
500 25

Step 2: Enable Data Analysis Toolpak (If Not Already Enabled)

•Go to the File menu and click Options.
•In the Excel Options window, click Add-ins on the left panel.
•In the Manage box at the bottom, select Excel Add-ins and click Go.
Check the box for Analysis ToolPak and click OK.
Step 3: Perform Regression Analysis
•Open Data Analysis:
1.Go to the Data tab on the Excel ribbon.
2.In the Analysis group, click Data Analysis.
•Select Regression:
1.From the Data Analysis dialog box, select Regression and click OK.
•Input the Data:
1.Input Y Range: Select the range of the dependent variable Y (Sales). For our example, it’s B2:B8.
2.Input X Range: Select the range of the independent variable X (Advertising Budget). For our example, it’s A2:A8.
3.Ensure that the Labels box is checked if you have labels in the first row.
4.Select an output range (where you want the results to appear). For example, select a blank range starting from D2.
•Select Options:
1.Choose Confidence Level (usually 95%).
2.Check Output Range for a summary of regression analysis.
•Click OK to generate the regression analysis output.
Step 4: Interpretation of the Results
Excel will provide you with the following key outputs:
•Regression Statistics:
1.Multiple R: The correlation coefficient between X and Y. It shows the strength and direction of the relationship.
2.R-squared: The coefficient of determination. It indicates the proportion of the variance in the dependent variable that is
predictable from the independent variable.
3.Adjusted R-squared: Adjusted for the number of predictors.
4.Standard Error: The standard error of the regression.
•ANOVA (Analysis of Variance):
1.df (degrees of freedom), SS (Sum of Squares), MS (Mean Square), F-Statistic: Used to assess the overall
significance of the regression model.
2.Significance F: If the value is less than 0.05, the model is statistically significant.
•Coefficients:
1.Intercept: The Y-intercept (constant).
X Variable 1: The slope of the regression line (how much Y changes with respect to X).
Step 5: Example of Regression Output
Here is a sample output of the regression analysis:
SUMMARY
OUTPUT

Regression Statistics
Multiple R 1.00
R Square 1.00
Adjusted R Square 1.00
Standard Error 0.00
Observations 7.00

ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance F

Regression 1.00 175.71 175.71 984340615038611.00 0.00

Residual 5.00 0.00 0.00
Total 6.00 175.71

Standard
Coefficients Error t Stat P-value Lower 95%
Intercept 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00
X (Advertising 313742030183814
Budget) 0.05 0.00 00.00 0.000 0.05

Step 6: Use the Regression Equation Where:

•Y is the dependent variable (Sales).
•X is the independent variable (Advertising Budget).
•0.00 is the Intercept (constant).
•0.049 is the Slope (how much Y changes for a one-unit change in X).
0.00 is the P-value ( <0.05%).
 14. Perform correlation analysis with given data.

Performing Correlation Analysis in Excel

Correlation analysis helps assess the strength and direction of the relationship between two or more
variables. In Excel, the correlation coefficient can be calculated using the =CORREL() function, which
provides a measure of the linear relationship between two datasets.
Let’s go through the steps to perform correlation analysis with a given dataset.
Step 1: Enter the Data
Assume we have the following dataset, where X represents the "Advertising Budget" and Y represents
"Sales":

X (Advertising Budget) 200 240 300 360 400 440 500

Y (Sales) 10 12 15 18 20 22 25
Step 2: Calculate the Correlation Coefficient
•Select a Cell:
a.Select any empty cell where you want the correlation coefficient to appear.
•Enter the Formula:
a.In the selected cell, use the =CORREL() function to calculate the correlation coefficient between the
two variables (X and Y).
Example formula:
=CORREL(A2:A8, B2:B8)
a.Here, A2:A8 refers to the Advertising Budget (X) and B2:B8 refers to the Sales (Y).
•Press Enter:
After pressing Enter, Excel will return the correlation coefficient between the two variables.
Step 3: Interpreting the Correlation Coefficient
•The correlation coefficient value will range from -1 to 1:
1 means a perfect positive correlation.
-1 means a perfect negative correlation.
0 means no linear correlation.
•If the correlation coefficient is positive, it means that as X (Advertising Budget) increases, Y (Sales) tends to increase as
well. If it's negative, an increase in X would correspond to a decrease in Y.
For the given data, you will likely get a positive correlation, indicating that as the advertising budget increases, sales also
increase.
Step 4: Create a Scatter Plot with a Trendline
•Select the Data:
a.Highlight the range A2:B8 (Advertising Budget and Sales).
•Insert Scatter Plot:
a.Go to the Insert tab in the Excel ribbon.
b.In the Charts group, select Scatter from the chart options.
c.Choose Scatter with only Markers (this plots individual points for each data pair).
•Add a Trendline:
a.After the scatter plot appears, right-click on any of the data points.
b.Click Add Trendline.
c.Choose Linear as the trendline type.
d.Optionally, check Display Equation on chart and Display R-squared value on chart.
Step 5: Example of Correlation Output and Chart
•The correlation coefficient will be displayed in the cell you selected earlier. For this dataset, it might be close to 0.98,
indicating a strong positive correlation.
•The scatter plot will show the data points, and the trendline will illustrate the positive relationship. The R-squared value
on the chart will show how well the trendline fits the data (a higher value indicates a better fit).
By performing these steps, you will:
•Calculate the correlation coefficient using the =CORREL() function.
•Interpret the correlation to understand the strength and direction of the relationship between Advertising Budget and Sales.
•Visualize the relationship by plotting a scatter plot with a trendline in Excel.
This analysis helps you understand the degree to which changes in one variable are related to changes in another variable.
 15. Create pivot table and carry out the analysis with charts.

Creating a Pivot Table and Carrying Out Analysis with Charts in Excel
A Pivot Table is a powerful tool in Excel that allows you to summarize, analyze, explore, and present
your data. It enables you to transform a large dataset into a more manageable and insightful format.
In this example, we'll walk through how to create a Pivot Table, analyze the data, and then generate charts
based on the Pivot Table.
Step-by-Step Guide: Step 1: Sample Data
Assume you have the following dataset with sales data across different regions and months:
Region Month Sales Expenses
North Jan 5000 2000
South Jan 4000 1500
East Jan 6000 2500
North Feb 7000 3000
South Feb 5000 2000
East Feb 8000 3500
North Mar 7500 3200
South Mar 4500 1800
East Mar 7000 2900
Step 2: Insert a Pivot Table
•Select the Data Range:
a.Highlight the range of your data (e.g., A1:D10).
•Create Pivot Table:
a.Go to the Insert tab in the Excel ribbon.
b.Click PivotTable in the Tables group.
c.In the Create PivotTable dialog box, ensure the range is correct (e.g., A1:D10).
Choose to place the PivotTable in a New Worksheet or in an Existing Worksheet.
•Drag Fields to the Pivot Table:
a.In the PivotTable Field List:
oDrag Region to the Rows area.
oDrag Month to the Columns area.
oDrag Sales to the Values area (it will automatically sum the sales).
oDrag Expenses to the Values area (it will automatically sum the expenses).
The Pivot Table will now summarize sales and expenses by region and month.
Step 3: Analyze the Pivot Table
You should now have a Pivot Table like the one below:
Region Jan Feb Mar Grand Total
North 5000 7000 7500 19500
South 4000 5000 4500 13500
East 6000 8000 7000 21000
Grand Total 15000 20000 19000 54000

You can analyze:

•The total sales and expenses for each region and month.
•The overall total for all regions and months.
Step 4: Create a Chart Based on Pivot Table
Now that you have your Pivot Table, you can create a chart to visualize the data.
•Select the Pivot Table:
a.Click anywhere within the Pivot Table.
•Insert a Chart:
a.Go to the Insert tab in the Excel ribbon.
b.In the Charts group, select the chart type you prefer. For this example, a Clustered Column chart works well to show
sales and expenses across regions and months.
c.Click on Clustered Column (or choose another chart type like Line Chart or Bar Chart, depending on your preference).
•Format the Chart:
a.You can customize the chart title, axis labels, colors, and other formatting options to enhance the visual representation of
your data.
Right-click on the chart to add data labels or adjust chart elements (e.g., legend, gridlines, etc.).
Step 5: Example of Pivot Table and Chart Analysis
The Pivot Table summarizes the sales and expenses for each region and month, and the Chart allows for easy comparison
across regions and months.
Pivot Table Example:
Region Jan Sales Feb Sales Mar Sales Grand Total Sales
North 5000 7000 7500 19500
South 4000 5000 4500 13500
East 6000 8000 7000 21000

Bar Chart Example:

The chart will display the monthly sales figures for each region (North, South, East) across the months of January,
February, and March. It can be a Clustered Column Chart or a Line Chart depending on how you prefer to visualize
the changes over time.
•The X-axis represents the months.
•The Y-axis represents the sales amount.
•Different colored bars (or lines) represent each region.
Step 6: Customize and Finalize the Pivot Chart
•Chart Title: Change the chart title to something meaningful, such as "Sales Performance by Region and Month."
•Legend: The legend will show which color corresponds to each region.
•Data Labels: You can add data labels for a clearer view of the exact sales values.
By following these steps, you will be able to:
•Create a Pivot Table to summarize and analyze your data.
•Use the Pivot Table to calculate totals and make comparisons.
•Create and customize a Pivot Chart to visually represent the summarized data, making it easier to understand trends
and patterns.
This approach is especially helpful when working with large datasets and when you need to provide a comprehensive,
visual analysis of your data.
 16. From the following data obtain the Pearson’s coefficient of correlation
X 10 15 12 17 13 16 24 14
Y 30 42 45 46 33 34 40 35

To calculate the Pearson's Coefficient of Correlation in Excel using the provided data, follow these
steps: Given Data:
X 10 15 12 17 13 16 24 14
Y 30 42 45 46 33 34 40 35

Steps to Calculate Pearson's Correlation in Excel:

Step 1: Enter the Data into Excel
•Open Excel.
•Enter the data into the spreadsheet. For example:
1.In Column A, enter the X values (10, 15, 12, 17, 13, 16, 24, 14).
In Column B, enter the Y values (30, 42, 45, 46, 33, 34, 40, 35).
X 10 15 12 17 13 16 24 14
Y 30 42 45 46 33 34 40 35
Step 2: Use the CORREL Function
•Click on any empty cell where you want the correlation coefficient to appear.
•Use the CORREL function in Excel to calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient.
The formula is:
=CORREL(A2:A9, B2:B9)
Where:
1.A2:A9 refers to the range of X values (10, 15, 12, 17, 13, 16, 24, 14).
2.B2:B9 refers to the range of Y values (30, 42, 45, 46, 33, 34, 40, 35).
After pressing Enter, Excel will return the Pearson's correlation coefficient.
Step 3: Interpretation of Result
Once you get the value from the CORREL function, it will show a number, for example:
= 0.267
This is the Pearson's coefficient of correlation for the given data.
•If the correlation coefficient is positive, it indicates a positive relationship between the variables.
•If it is negative, it indicates a negative relationship.
•The closer the value is to 1, the stronger the positive linear relationship.
•The closer the value is to -1, the stronger the negative linear relationship.
•A value closer to 0 indicates a weak or no linear relationship.
Based on the calculation, the Pearson's coefficient will indicate the strength and direction of the relationship
between X and Y.
 THANK YOU ONE AND ALL

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