Ophthalmology

Model Q+PYQ (2016-23)

Main & supple Q

Pranamjit Saloo
Sample Question
Anatomy & Physiology of eye & General
Short Questions
1. D/d of acute red eye
2. Coloured halos
3. Itchy eye
4. Paracentesis
5. Direct ophthalmoscopy & it’s types
6. Causes of flashes of light ?
7. Anti - VEGF in Ophthalmology
8. Ophthalmoloscopy
9. Anophthalmus
10. Fluorescein dye

Optics & Refraction

Long Question
1. Define hypermetropia. Enumerate its common causes , clinical types , c/f & management of
Hypermetropia.
2. Describe the degenerative changes in pathological myopia. What are the management options for myopia.

Short Questions
1. Sign of pathological myopia ***
2. Strum’s conoid *
3. Myopia *
4. Presbyopia*
5. Astigmatism
6. Components of hypermetric refractive error
7. Aphakia**
8. Anisometropia
Very Short Questions
1. Plus spherical lenses are added in presbyopic correction , Why ?
2. Two uses of concave lens
3. Hypermetropia
4. Signs of aphakia
5. Peripheral degeneration in myopia
6. Compound myopic Astigmatism
7. Causes of miosis
Diseases of Conjuctiva
Long Question
1. Describe aetiopathology , ocular features, complications and management of trachoma.*
2. C/f & management of Vernal conjutivitis
3. Describe the c/f of conjunctivitis and it’s management
4. Describe aetiopathology, c/f ,complications & management of Herpes zoster ophthalmicus. *

Short Questions
1. Ophthalmia neonatorum ***
2. Spring catarrh ****
3. Difference between pterygium & pseudopterygium
4. Pterygium
5. Vernal catarrh
6. C/f of vernal keratoconjuctivitis
7. Preventive measures taken for trachoma.
8. Symblepharon
9. Phlyctenular conjunctivitis
10. Pannus
11. Angular conjunctivitis
12. Xerosis

Very Short Questions

1. Mucopurulent discharge in a 3 month old baby.
2. Stocker’s line
3. Horner- Trantas dots
4. WHO classification of trachoma
5. Keratitis
6. Topical antiviral drugs
7. Write the causes of ophthalmia nodosa
8. Conjuctival xerosis
9. Lid complications of tractoma
10. Causes of sub conjuctival haemorrhage
Diseases of Cornea
Long Question
1. What is corneal ulcer? Enumerate the causes , clinical features , investigations & management of corneal
ulcer? *
2. Describe aetiopathology , c/f & management of bacterial corneal ulcer.
3. Aetiology, c/f , investigations and management of fungal corneal ulcer ? *
4. Describe the aetiopathology, c/f & management of perforated corneal ulcer.
Short Questions
1. Hypopyon ** 7. Moorens corneal ulcer
2. Non healing corneal ulcer 8. Punctuate keratitis
3. Treatment of fungal corneal ulcer 9. Microcornea
4. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus 10. Descemetocele
5. Fungal keratitis 11. Neurotrophic corneal ulcer
6. Factors maintaining corneal transparency * 12. Disciform keratitis

Very Short Questions

1. Why there is pain reduction in perforation of corneal ulcer ? *
2. Conjectivalperitomy is done in non healing corneal ulcer ,Why ?
3. Hutchinson sign is seen in HZO , Why ?
4. Fleischer ring
5. Neovascular glaucoma
6. Causes of tubular vision ?
7. Two organism which can penetrate intact cornea
8. Two anti fungal agent used in fungal corneal ulcer
9. Two causes of neurotrophic keratitis
10. Layers of cornea
11. Causes of photophthalmitis
12. Causes of circumcorneal congestion
13. Grades of corneal opacities
14. Causes of bulbous keratopathy
15. Adherant leucoma
16. Keratoglobous
17. Superficial corneal vesicularization
18. Adherant leucoma
19. Keratoglobous
20.Superficial corneal vesicularization
Diseases of Sclera
Long Question
1. Define , describe aetiology, associated systemic conditions , c/f & management of scleritis?

Short Questions
1. Anterior staphyloma *
2. Scleritis
3. Staphyloma
4. Epicleritis
5. Nodular scleritis
6. Posterior scleritis
7. Pin hole
Very Short Questions
1. Types of episcleritis

Diseases of Uveal Tract

Long Question
1. Classify uveitis. What are the symptoms , signs , c/f & management of acute anterior uveitis. ***

Short Questions
1. Phthisis bulbi
2. Iris bombe **
3. Keratic precipitates *
4. Evisceration *
5. Occlusio pupillae
6. Enucleation
7. synechiae
8. Aqueous flare
9. Interstitial keratitis
Very Short Questions
1. IOP is raised in iris bombe , Why ? * 8. Posterior synechae
2. Intermediate uveitis 9. Koppe nodule
3. Complications of iridocyclitis ? 10. Endophthalmitis
4. Panophthalmitis ** 11. Sign of seclusio pupil
5. Absolute indications of enucleation
6. Two signs of acute anterior uveitis
7. Ring synechiae
Diseases of Lens
Long Question
1. Describe the different types of cataract surgery & write about the postoperative complications of SICS *
2. Describe the complications of cataract surgery.

Short Questions
1. Compicated cataract **
2. Stages of maturation of senile cataract
3. After cataract **
4. Morgagnian cataract
5. Hypermature cataract **
6. Stages of senile cortical cataract
7. Zonular cataract
8. Lens induced reactions
9. Developmental cataract
10. Newer generation IOL’s

Very Short Questions

1. Zonular cataract
2. K-F ring in Wilson’s disease*
3. Seclusio pupillae *
4. Secondary cataract
5. Full form of LASER
6. Two features of hypermature cataract
7. Two signs of immature cataract
8. Two causes of leucocoria
9. Keratoconus
10. Elschnig’s pearls
11. Stages is senile cortical cataract
12. Ocular lesion in Wilson’s disease
13. Rigid IOL are made up of which material ?
14. Blue dot cataract
15. Phacoemulsification
16. Two retinal function tests in mature cataract
17. Causes of rosette cataract
18. Different parts of crystalline lens
19. Polyopia
Glaucoma
Long Question
1. Enumerate the causes , clinical features, investigations & management of POAG ?
2. Describe the various stages of PACG. Discuss the management of acute congestive glaucoma.
Short Questions
1. Absolute glaucoma 10. Phacomorphic glaucoma
2. Buphthalmos ***** 11. Tonometry *
3. Malignant glaucoma * 12. Seidel scotoma
4. Acute congestive glaucoma * 13. Bjerrum’s scotoma *
5. C/f of chronic simple glaucoma 14. Aqueous humour formation and drainage
6. C/f of primary congenital glaucoma 15. Timolol maleate
7. Visual field changes in POAG * 16. Rhone’s nasal step
8. Phacolytic glaucoma 17. Absolute glaucoma
9. Anti glaucoma medication

Very Short Questions

1. Why tunnel vision is seen in advanced stages of POAG ?
2. Neo vascular glaucoma *
3. Dilating drugs contraindicated in narrow angle glaucoma.
4. Topical B blocker
5. Name two antiglaucoma agents
6. Instrument used to examine angle of anterior chamber
7. Lens induced glaucoma
8. Causes of secondary glaucoma in acute iritis

Diseases of Vitreous
Short Questions
1. Two causes & two complications of Vitreous haemorrhage
2. Asteroid hyalosis
Diseases of Retina
Long Question
1. Classify Diabetic retinopathy ? Enumerate the clinical features & management of diabetic retinopathy?
***
2. Describe classification & c/f of hypertensive retinopathy.
3. Causes of aetiopathology , c/f & management of CRVO ?
4. Describe classification & c/f of hypertensive retinopathy.
5. Describe the aetiopathology, c/f & treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy.
6. Retinoblastoma
Short Questions
1. Retinoblastoma * 8. Fundus picture of central retinal artery occlusion
2. Classification of Diabetic retinopathy 9. Eagle’s disease
3. CSCR 10. Rhegmatogenous detachment *
4. Classification of retinal detachment 11. Fundus picture of diabetic retinopathy
5. CSR ( central serous retinopathy ) * 12. Proliferators diabetic retinopathy
6. Retinitis Pigmentosa * 13. NPDR
7. Fractional retinal detachment

Very Short Questions

1. Why is there reduction in visual acuity in pin hole testing in macular disorders ?
2. Why hyprometropic shift is seen in CSR .
3. Laser therapy is used in diabetic retinopathy, Why ?
4. ROP
5. Scotoma
6. Routine fundas examination for diabetic patient
7. Cherry red spots ****
8. Triad of retinitis pigmentosa
9. Proloferative diabetic retinopathy
10. Causes of childhood blindness
11. Fundes changes in retinitis pigmentosa
12. Retinoscopy
13. Sclerae buckling
14. Laser photocoagulation
15. Various components of binocular single vision
16. Causes of tractional RD
17. Causes of metamorphosia
18. Causes of sudden loss of vision in elderly person
Neuro-ophthalmology
Short Questions
1. Papilloedema* 5. CSME ( clinical significant macular Edema )
2. Papilitis** 6. Optic neuritis
3. Difference between papilitis & 7. Amblyopia
papilloedema 8. Pupillary reaction
4. Avoidable blindness

Very Short Questions

1. Diabetics show third nerve palsy with pupillary sparing, Why ?
2. Night blindness / Nyctalopia ****
3. Colour blindness
4. Avoidable blindness
5. Name two causes of sudden painless loss of vision *
6. Secondary optic atrophy
7. Ophthalmoscopic classification of optic atrophy
8. Cystoid macular edema
9. Optic nerve oedema

Ocular Motility &Strabismus

Short Questions
1. Causes of miotic pupil 5. Amblyopia exanopsia
2. Treatment of accorrodetre squint 6. Acommodative squint
3. Phoria 7. Paralytic squint
4. Mydriatic pupil

Systemic Ophthalmology
1. Signs of keratomalacia
2. Bitot’s spot

Diseases of Orbit
Short Questions
1. Acute inflammation causing unilateral proptosis?
2. Orbital septum
Disorders of Eyelids
Short Questions
1. Entropion 4. Squarrous blepharitis
2. Stye ( External Hordellum ) 5. senile entropion
3. Cicatrical entropion * 6. Recurrent Hordeolum

Very Short Questions

1. Chalazion 5. Poliosis
2. Ptosis 6. pseudoptosis
3. Different glands situated in eye lid 7. Symblepharon
4. Blepharitis 8. Trichiasis

Diseases of Lacrimal Apparatus

Short Questions
1. Dry eye / management of dry eye *
2. Congenital Nasolacrymal Duct Obstruction ( CNLDO )
3. Write aetiopathology, c/f , complications & management of Chronic Dacryocystitis
4. Congenital dacryocystitis

Very Short Questions

1. Acute dacryocystitis * 5. Components of tear film
2. Epiphora 6. Aqueous drainage channel pathway
3. Two surgical treatment modalities for chronic dacrocystitis 7. Probe test
4. Dacryocystectomy

Ocular injuries
Short Questions 4. Clinical features of sympathetic ophthalmitis
1. Vossius ring * 5. Berlin’s oedema*
2. Medical management of chemical injury 6. Pathology and management of perforating
3. Hyphema * injury of eye

Community Ophthalmology
Short Questions
1. Eye banking 3. Screening for school children
2. Vision 2020 4. Low visual aids