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Chapter 1 Geography

The document discusses the definition and types of resources, including natural, human-made, and human resources, and their classifications based on origin, renewability, development, and distribution. It emphasizes the importance of sustainable development and resource planning in India, highlighting strategies for judicious resource use and addressing land degradation and soil conservation. The conclusion stresses the necessity of proper resource management for sustainability and environmental balance.

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2 views

Chapter 1 Geography

The document discusses the definition and types of resources, including natural, human-made, and human resources, and their classifications based on origin, renewability, development, and distribution. It emphasizes the importance of sustainable development and resource planning in India, highlighting strategies for judicious resource use and addressing land degradation and soil conservation. The conclusion stresses the necessity of proper resource management for sustainability and environmental balance.

Uploaded by

sakshambhagat500
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 1: Resources and Development (Detailed Notes)

1. What are Resources?

 A resource is anything that is useful and satisfies human needs.


 Resources can be natural, human-made, or human (skills, knowledge).

Types of Resources:

1. Natural Resources – Found in nature (e.g. air, water, soil, minerals).


2. Human-Made Resources – Created by humans (e.g. technology, buildings,
machines).
3. Human Resources – Skills, education, knowledge, and labor that enhance
productivity.

Classification of Natural Resources:

 On the basis of origin:


o Biotic (living – plants, animals, forests).
o Abiotic (non-living – water, soil, minerals).
 On the basis of renewability:
o Renewable (can be replenished – solar energy, forests, wind).
o Non-renewable (finite supply – coal, petroleum, natural gas).
 On the basis of development:
o Potential Resources (known but not yet used – wind energy in Rajasthan).
o Developed Resources (already utilized – coal mines in Jharkhand).
 On the basis of distribution:
o Ubiquitous (found everywhere – air, water).
o Localized (found in specific places – minerals, forests).

2. Sustainable Development

 Sustainable Development is the use of resources in a way that meets present needs
without compromising future generations.
 Principles of Sustainable Development:
o Reduce over-exploitation of resources.
o Use eco-friendly technology.
o Promote renewable energy sources.
o Ensure environmental protection.

3. Resource Planning in India

 Resource Planning is a strategy for judicious use of resources.


 Steps in Resource Planning:
1. Identifying resources across regions.
2. Planning sustainable resource use.
3. Developing technology and institutions to manage resources.
 Examples: Water conservation, reforestation, renewable energy development.
4. Land Resources in India

 India's Land Use Patterns:


o Agricultural Land (cultivation) – major use.
o Forest Land (ecological importance).
o Pasture and Grazing Lands (for livestock).
o Waste Lands (uncultivated areas).
o Built-up Areas (towns, cities, industries).

Problems of Land Degradation

 Causes:
o Deforestation, overgrazing, industrial pollution, excessive chemical use.
 Solutions:
o Afforestation, proper soil conservation, controlled mining, organic farming.

5. Soil as a Resource

 Soil is the uppermost layer of the Earth’s surface, supporting plant growth.

Types of Soil in India:

1. Alluvial Soil – Found in river plains, very fertile (Ganga, Brahmaputra regions).
2. Black Soil – Ideal for cotton farming, found in Deccan Plateau.
3. Red Soil – Found in southern and eastern India, rich in iron.
4. Laterite Soil – Used for plantation crops (tea, coffee, rubber).
5. Desert Soil – Found in Rajasthan, low fertility.

Soil Erosion and Conservation:

 Causes of Soil Erosion:


o Deforestation
o Overgrazing
o Wind and water erosion
 Methods of Soil Conservation:
o Contour Plowing (plowing along slopes).
o Afforestation (planting trees).
o Terrace Farming (step farming in hilly areas).
o Use of organic fertilizers (reducing chemicals).

Conclusion

 Proper resource management is essential for sustainability.


 Balanced use of land and soil can prevent degradation.
 Resource conservation ensures long-term environmental balance and development.

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