THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

PRESIDENT’S OFFICE

REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

FORM ONE HOLIDAY PACKAGE

031 PHYSICS YEAR: 2025

CONTENTS
1. Introduction to physics
2. Measurements
3. Introduction to force
4. Density and relative density
5. Sinking and floating
6. Mechanical properties of matter
7. Pressure
8. Linear motion
9. Work, energy and power

➢ The following constants way be used where necessary

✓ Acceleration due to gravity, g = 10 N/kg
✓ Density of water, 𝜌𝑤 = 1 g/cm3 or 1000 kg/m3
✓ Density of aluminium = 2.7 g/m3
✓ Density of glass = 2.5 g/cm3
✓ Density of gold = 19.3 g/cm3
✓ Density of silver = 10.5 g/cm3
✓ Pie, 𝜋 = 3.14

Quotes of the day

❖ The beauty of physics is that every great physicist started where are you
now with curiosity and a willingness to learn.
❖ Every great physicist started with confusion. Keep going.
❖ Physics helps you understand how everything around you works.

1 @ SIR MLANGI
 INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS
1. Explain the concept of physics.
2. Explain the meaning of the following terms as applied in physics.
(a) Physicist (b) Physikos’ (c) Matter (d) Energy
3. Briefly explain eight (8) branches (subfields) of physics.
4. The operations of the universe lead to a lot of phenomena like motion,
maintaining the shape of the earth, light, heat and many more. The vastness of
these phenomena cannot be covered within a single domain of knowledge.
Describe in brief, the subfield (branches) that could cover this vast knowledge.
5. Physics is a fundamental branch of science, because the knowledge obtained in
studying physics is strongly connected to other branches of science. With vivid
examples, describe how physics is connected to other disciplines.
6. Physics is the fundamental branch of science as it provides tools for learning
other disciplines. The following statements provide an insight into how physics
is connected with other disciplines. Classify the statement according to the
respective field and suggest the set of instruments designed using physics.
theories and principles to assist the working of other fields if any:
(a) Exploration of the very far objects in the sky.
(b)Diagnosis of disease and treatment of living organisms.
(c) Behaviour of atoms and molecules, studying energy changes during
chemical reactions.
(d)Study of climate, weather patterns, ocean currents, and the behaviour of the
earth’s crust.
(e) Design and optimize technologies, structures, and systems.
7. State six significance of learning physics.
8. With concrete examples, state the contribution of physics to the development of
modern society in the following fields:
(a) At home (b) In hospital (c) In transport (d) In communication
(e) Entertainment (f) Industry (g) In school (h) As energy sources
9. Scientists including physicists are always looking for scientific evidence. A
systematic search for evidence is recommended during and after experiments.
List seven steps to be followed sequentially when carrying out a scientific
investigation.
10. A group of students are observing a plastic bottle containing water. They
realize that when the bottle is punctured and squeezed, water squirts from all holes
with the same pressure. Suggest and state the principle related to this observation.
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11. A science class is learning is learning about the properties of some
materials and observes that some objects sink in water, while others float,
even though they are made of the same material. Suggest and state the
principle related to this scenario.
12. Sir mlangi takes his students to a physics laboratory, where each student
stretches a helical spring and observes its behaviour upon releasing it.
(i) What behaviour did they observe?
(ii) Suggest and state the principle obeyed by the phenomena.

MEASUREMENTS
13. Define the following terms as applied in physics
(a) Measurement (b) Length (c) Volume (d) Mass (e) Time
(f) Physical quantity (g) Fundamental and Derived physical quantities
(h) Scalar and Vector physical quantities (i) Vernier calliper
(j) Micrometer screw gauge
14. Name two parts of measurement. What does each part signify?
15. Which is the correct reading position of the eye. Write the correct length.

16.(a)Why it is important to conduct multiple trials in scientific experiments?

(b) An athlete runs around a track three times. Her friend uses a stopwatch to
record the time elapsed. At the start of the ride, the stopwatch recorded 6.00 s,
after one round the stopwatch recorded 180.00 s and at the end of third round
the reading from the stopwatch was 600.00 s. What is the average time for one
round of the track?
17.Identify this figure and
determine its reading

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18.Study the figure below and answer the following questions

B C
A E
D

(i) Identify the instrument

(ii) Name the parts labelled A, B, C, D, E, F and G
(iii) State the function of the instrument
19.Study the figure below and answer the following questions

(i) Identify the instrument

(ii) Name the parts labelled
(iii) State the function of the instrument

20.A cylindrical container has a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 12 cm.

determine the actual volume of this cylinder.
21.A form four student was conducting an experiment to measure the time taken
for a pendulum bob to complete ten oscillations; however, the results are
inconsistent as the measured time varies significantly between trials. Suggest
three possible errors that emerged during measurements.
22.Name seven fundamental physical quantities and five derived physical
quantities, five scalar quantities and five vector quantities (Include Units).

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 INTRODUCTION TO FORCE
23.Define the following terms as applied in physics
(a) Force (b) Weight (c) Force of gravity (d) Viscous force (e) Friction force
(f) Torsional force (g) Tensional force (h) Compressional force
(i) Stretching force (j) Viscosity (g) Attraction (h) Repulsion
24.On your way back to home, you hear form two students arguing that mass and
weight are similar physical quantities. In five points how will you correct their
argument?
25.State four effects of force caused by unbalanced force acting on an object.
26.Some forces in the environment occur naturally while others are derived from
natural forces, naturally occurring forces are known as fundamental forces.
Name four fundamental forces
27.(a) All objects having mass are pulled towards the earth’s centre by the earth’s
force of gravity. Identify four properties of this force
(b) Calculate the coefficient of friction which is calculated in the context of a
brick with a mass of 8 kg being pulled on a rough surface with a friction
force of 25 N?
28.(a) Assume a fixed mass rocket moves from the earth to planet X. If it weighs
10000 N on the earth and 600 N on planet X. Determine the acceleration
due to gravity on planet X.
(b) If an object has a mass of 200 g on the earth, how much would it weigh on
the moon given that the acceleration due to gravity on the moon is one-sixth
that of the earth.
29. A 20kg object is moving on a rough surface with a coefficient of friction 0.25.
find the friction force.
30.A person pulls a cart with a force 1500 N.
(i) Will the cart move if the force of friction between the cart and the
ground is 2000 N? why?
(ii) Will the cart move if the force between the cart and the ground is 1000
N? why?
31. Explain why an object weighs 60N on the earth’s surface the only 10N on the
surface of the moon?
32.You want to lift a heavy box. The force of gravity pulls it downwards with a
force of 500 N
(i) How much force will you apply to lift the box?

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 (ii) If your friend supports the box from below with a force of 200 N, how
much force will you have to apply to lift the box?
33.In an experiment to determine the weight of coloured water, a student was
given a beam balance, beaker and a coloured water as shown in the figure
below. To do this he/she was to measure the mass of empty beaker, pour some
water in a beaker and measure the mass of beaker and water.

What is the weight of the water?

DENSITY AND RELATIVE DENSITY

34.Define the following terms as applied in physics
(a) Density (b) Relative density (c) Density bottle (d) Eureka can
35.A rectangular object weighs 1.5 N and measures 2 cm × 3 cm × 5 cm.
calculate its density in;
(i) kg/m3 (Ans. 5000 kg/m3)
(ii) g/cm3 (Ans. 5 g/cm3)
36.What would be the density of a glass block calculated based on its dimensions
of 0.12 m × 0.04 m × 0.10 m and a mass of 1.2 kg. Express your answer in
(i) kg/m3 (Ans. 2500 kg/m3)
(ii) g/cm3 (Ans. 2.5 g/cm3)
37.Calculate the mass of the glass that has the same volume as 5.4 g of
aluminium. (Ans. 5 g).
38.In a physics exercise, a student was given a rectangular glass block to find its
density and predict using a standard density given in constants the type of
material composing the block. The student measures the mass and dimensions
of the block and obtained 150 g and 3 cm × 4 cm × 5 cm, respectively. What
possible conclusion did the student make? (Ans. 2.5 g/cm3).

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39.An irregular solid X has a mass of 50 g. When it is totally immersed in the
water of volume 60 cm3, the final volume is 70 cm3. Calculate the density of
irregular solid X. (Ans. 5 g/cm3).
40.An alloy of gold and silver has a mass of 1050 g and a volume of 60 cm3. Find
the mass of gold. (Ans. 921 g).
41.In an experiment to determine the density of liquid Y, a form one student
obtained the following results: Mass of empty beaker = 500 g and mass of
beaker + liquid (25 cm3) = 600g. What did the student obtain as the density of
liquid Y?
42.A piece of copper metal of volume 5.1 cm3 has a mass of 41.6 g. calculate the
relative density of copper. (Ans. 8.16).
43.A form one student in physics class obtained the following results from an
experiment involving determination of relative density of liquid R
Mass of an empty relative density bottle = 30 g
Mass of bottle + liquid R = 65 g
Mass of bottle + water = 80 g
Volume of bottle = 50 cm3
Calculate
(i) The density of water (Ans. 1 g/cm3).
(ii) The density of liquid R (Ans. 0.7 g/cm3).
(iii) The relative density of liquid R (Ans. 5 g/cm3).

44.What volume of 2400 kg of gasoline(petrol) if its density is 0.7 g/cm3?

(Ans. 3.43 m3).
45.An empty beaker weighs 112 g. When 100 cm3 of milk is poured into the
beaker, the mass of the beaker changes to 215 g.
(i) Find the density of milk (Ans. 1.03 g/cm3)
(ii) Will the milk sink or float when mixed with water? why?
46.A form one student in physics class obtained the following results from an
experiment: mass of empty beaker = 48 g, mass of beaker + liquid Q = 60 g. If
she had used a 25 cm3 pipette to transfer liquid Q to the beaker, calculate the
density of the liquid Q. (Ans. 0.48 g/cm3)
47.A rectangular block measures length 4.00 cm, width 2.50 cm, and height 1.00
cm.
(i) Name the instrument used to measure the sides of the rectangular block.

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 (ii) Calculate the volume of the rectangular block. (Ans. 10 cm3)
(iii) If the mass of rectangular block is 300 g, find the density of the block.
(Ans. 30 g/cm3)
SINKING AND FLOATING
48.Define the following terms as applied in physics
(a) Sinking (b) Floating (c) buoyancy (d) Upthrust (e) Real (Actual) weight
(f) Apparent weight (g) Natural buoyancy
49.(a) State three conditions that must be satisfied for an object to float.
(b) State three factors affecting upthrust
50.(a) In an experiment to study the weight of an object a student finds that the
weight of an object is 4.9 N in air and its weight when completely
submerged in water is reduced to 3.1 N. Calculate the upthrust (Ans. 1.8 N)
51.(b) A body immersed in water displaces 1.2 N. If its weight while in water was
3.3 N. Find its weight in air. (Ans. 4.5 N)
52.State Archimedes’ principle and law of floatation.
53.(a) A body lost 0.6 N in weight when immersed in water. calculate its volume
in cubic centimeters. (Ans. 60 cm3)
(b) Assume a body weighs X N in the air and experiences an upthrust of Y N
in a liquid. Derive an expression for apparent weight in terms of X and Y
54.An object is hung from a spring balance. If it weighs 81 N in air and 51 N
when immersed in water:
(i) Why does an object weigh more in air than when immersed in water
(ii) Calculate the upthrust on the object
(iii) Determine the weight of the displaced water
(iv) What is the mass of the displaced water
(v) What is the volume of the displaced water
(vi) Calculate the relative density of the object
(vii) Calculate the density of the object

Conceptual questions
55.Briefly explain the following conceptual questions
(i) Why physics is considered as fun subject
(ii) Why physics is a fundamental subject
(iii) Why scientists particularly physicists need to conduct experiments when
carrying out scientific investigation?

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 (iv) Why it is necessary to include both number and unit part in
measurements
(v) Why it is advised to start at the mark beyond 0 cm when taking a
measurement using a metre rule?
(vi) Why it is advised to position eye directly above the mark to be read
while taking measurement
(vii) Why mangoes fall down when the mango tree is shaken
(viii) Why honey takes longer time to flow into the beaker than water
(ix) Why car dashboards are fixed with air bags?
(x) Is an astronaut in space completely weightless? Explain your answer.
(xi) Why all objects on the earth are attracted toward the earth
(xii) Why oil and grease are used as lubricants
(xiii) Why aeroplanes are made up of aluminium and not steel
(xiv) Why an inflated balloons floats in air
(xv) Why does a piece of steel sink in water but a steel ship floats?
(xvi) Why ships and boats float on water
(xvii) Why metallic objects like spoons and coins sink in water
(xviii) Why ice floats in water
(xix) Why a block of wood held under water rise to the surface when released.
(xx) Why does a stone weigh more in air than when immersed in water
(xxi) The density of water is 1000 kg/m3. What does it imply?
(xxii) Why mercury wets glass while mercury does not
(xxiii) Why when washing clothes, we use a soap/detergent
(xxiv) Why mosquitoes can manage to walk on the surface of water
(xxv) Why hot soup is tastier than cold soup.
(xxvi) Why are dam walls constructed thicker at the bottom than at the top
(xxvii) Why hitting an inflated ballon with a hammer will not cause it to burst
but sticking it with a pin will.
(xxviii) Why there is possibility of nose bleeding at high altitude
(xxix) Why it is easier to cut a bar of soap using a thin piece of wire than a
thick one
(xxx) Why a big elephant manages to walk comfortably in muddy soil without
sinking while a human being may sink easily.
(xxxi) Why it is easier to cut a piece of meat with a sharp knife than a blunt
knife

**********************HAVE A NICE HOLIDAY********************

‘The best way of learning physics is through practice and reasoning’
@ SIR MLANGI
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