Lecture Sheet

HSC
English First Paper
HSC Text Book Based Vocabulary
1. The Unforgettable History
Vocabulary
Words Parts of Meaning Synonym Antonym
speech
Agony n. Zxeª hš¿Yv, AvZ©bv`, suffering, distress, misery heaven, paradise
gg©xe`bv
Agree v. ivwR nIqv, ygxb consent, assent, concede, aimlessness
ybIqv accept, allow
Aim n. jÿ¨ purpose, goal, mission, aimlessness
object
Assume v. `vwqZ¡ MÖnY Kiv, gxb presume, suppose, know, prove
nIqv postulate, suspect, infer
Aware adj. AeMZ, AewnZ, apprised, mindful, sensible oblivious
mxPZb
Awash adj. iwÄ& cøvweZ flooded, inundated,
overflowing
Cope with phr. mvgjvxbv, ycxi IVv check, vie, keep pace with fail
Crimson adj. Mvp jvj deep red, scarlet, pink
Declare v. yNvlYv Kiv announce, proclaim, deny, gainsay
express, pronounce, claim
Defend v. iÿv Kiv, mg_©xb protect, save, conserve, harm, destroy, attack,
ejv, cÿvj¤^b Kiv safeguard give up
Demand n.v. `vwe, Avxe`b, `vwe claim requirement, retreat, disclaim
Kiv request, call, need, want,
seek, beg for
Economic adj. A_©zbwZK, A_©bxwZ financial, commercial unprofitable
msµvšÍ
Enslave v. µxZ`vxm cwiYZ Kiv, bring into bondage, liberate, free
yMvjvg Kxi ivLv subjugate
Grief n. `ytL, ye`bv sorrow, affliction bliss, elation, glee
Impart v. Ávcb Kiv notify, inform
Inflict v. Avxivc Kiv, cÖ`vb impose, exact, apply
Kiv
v. ïiæ Kiv, DÌvcb begin, start, open, close out, shut down
Launch Kiv, Pvjy Kiv commence
Overflow v. fvivµvšÍ nIqv, run over, inundate, flood
D_wjxq cov
Pass through phr. AwZµg Kiv, go through, spend
AwZevwnZ Kiv

Page No#1
 Words Parts of Meaning Synonym Antonym
speech
Regret n.v. `ytL,AbyxkvPbv `ytL sorrow, grief, remorse remorselessness
Kiv, AbyxkvPbv Kiv
Restore v. cybiæ×vi Kiv, c~xe©i reinstate, re-establish,
Ae¯’rm wdwixq wdwixq bring back, return
Avbv
Torture n. hš¿Yv, wbcxob oppression, torment relief
Tragic adj. gg©vwšÍK, Kiæb, very sad, tragically, blissful
wexqvMvšÍ miserable, shocking
Unfortunately adv. `yf©vM¨µxg, unluckily luckily, happily
`ytLRbfvxe
Victory n. weRq winning, achievement loss, failure
Apparently adv. ¯_óZ, ¯_ó brxa evidently, clearly, improbably,
transparently questionably
Attend v. ydrM\r^ Ker, cx^rxdrM join, take part, participate, be absent
y\Imr D_s¯’Z [rxK appear
Capacity n. mvg_¨©, aviY ÿgZv ability, aptitude, faculty, inability
competence
Constitute v. MV^ Ker, ¯’r_^ Ker form, make up, compose,
comprise
Constitution n. AvBb, msweavb, charter, laws, code, canon,
gri^Zš¿ legislation
Create v. {Zse Ker, MV^ Ker build, establish, form, disband, destroy,
comprise, make up demolish
Deprived adj. ewÂZ, AwaKvi ewÂZ destitute, disadvantaged, offered, privileged
dispossessed
Determination n. \wl _ÖsZÁr, \wl ioKí resolution, persistence, hesitation,
boldness indifference,
diffidence
Dissolve v. b½ Ker, ybxO break up, put an end to, concentrate,
y\Imr,Aafusß Ker dismiss assemble
Downtrodden adj. DrwcwiZ, AZ¨vPvwiZ oppressed, abused, satisfied, respected
exploited, persecuted
Express v. cÖKvk Kiv reveal, disclose, unfold, conceal, hide
expose
Massacre v.n. s^a©rPx^, ^wgoibrxa Massacre v.n.

jZ¨r Ker, ^wgoi

nZ¨vKvÛ
Negotiation n. ArxfrP^r a formal discussion, disagreement
dialogue, debate
Peacefully adv. grsšÍ_vY©brxa quietly, calmly, amicably, angrily, hostilely
pacifically
Proceeding n. Kvh©Kjvc, cÖwµqv, action, operation, idleness, inaction,
c×wZ, cÖwµqvKiY procedure, venture, system cessation

Page No#2
 Words Parts of Meaning Synonym Antonym
speech
Prorogue v. As^s\©óKrxfe R^¨ adjourn, defer, hold up begin, start,
¯’sMZ Ker, cufZat commence, forward
Kiv, eÜ Kiv
Protest v.n. cÖwZev` Kiv, cÖwZev`, object, oppose, complain accept
AvcwË
Shut down phr. eÜ Kiv close, lock, discontinue open, run
Spontaneously adj. y¯°”Qrm, freely, instinctively, deliberately
¯°Zpù²Z©brxa automatically
Strike n. niZvj, ag©NU walkout, mutiny, revolt surrender
Take part phr. AskMÖnY Kiv partake, participate, attend abstain
Assembly n. ibr, icrxag, _seh\ gathering, meeting, seperation,
grouping, rally, dispersion
convention
Conference n. ix¤§f^, {aVK, meeting, gathering silence
ArxfrP^r ibr
Confront v. ycrKrsafr Ker, check, face, encounter shirk, avoid, flee,
cuxLrcusL jImr surrender
Educational adj. wkÿv welqK, wkÿv academic, institutional, uneducational
ioµršÍ educative, instructive,
didactic
Employee n. Kg©Pvix, PvKwiRxex personnel, staff, worker, owner, master
labourer, official
Exempt from phr. s^®´³sZ y\Imr, cu³ free form , excuse, let off, restrict, arrest,
Ker, Aa¨rjsZ y\Imr, discharge, execute, confine
yejrB y\Imr release, spare
Hardship n. Kó, \uxb©rM, KóKe, suffering, poverty, joy, comfort,
_ses¯’sZ adversity, destitution, blessing
deprivation
Indefinitely adv. As^s\©óKrxfe R^¨, for an indefinite period or definitely,
s^s\©ó brxa time, sine die, endlessly boundedly,
temporarily
Investigate v. Z\šÍ Ker inquire, look into, explore, overlook, ignore
probe, inspect neglect
Shed v. Serx^r, A^¨e e³ spill blood, shed blood
Serx^r /_rZ Ker,
e³_rZ NUrx^r
Shut down phr. eÜ Kiv close, abandon, stop start, open
Standstill n. wbðjZv, iæ× MwZ, dead end, deadlock, pause, advance, progress
APf Aa¯’r cessation, stoppage
State v. afr, DxføL Ker, describe, tell, mention, be quiet
eY©bv Kiv explain
Strive v. msMÖvg Kiv, hy× struggle, battle, fight, yield, surrender
/jovB Kiv conflict

Page No#3
 Words Parts of Meaning Synonym Antonym
speech
Suffer v. ybrM Ker, Kó _rImr undergo, experience, alleviate, assuage
endure, go through
Transfer v. j¯ÍršÍe Ker, deliver, hand over, move, accept, receive, hold
e`wj Kiv transport back
Withdraw v. _ÖZ¨rjre Ker, s`sexm take away, draw back begin, continue,
y^Imr remove, take out, put out implement
2. Nelson Mandela
Vocabulary
AR©b Kiv acquire, obtain, gain, attain,
Achieve v. abandon, give up
earn
Adoring adj. s_Öm, y_Öccm loving, beloved disliked, criticized
eY©ev` (bxwZ),
Apartheid n. discrimination, racism equality, equity
aY©zahc¨ ar aY©ar\
Dnirj \rx^e
ÿgZv, Abb¨ charm, personality, appeal,
Charisma n.
mvaviY cÖwZfv, magnetism
gwngv
`y¯Íi e¨eavb,
closing, closure,
Chasm n. Mfxi dvUj ev split, rift, cleft
junction
e¨eavb
idxZœ frf^ Ker, nurture, foster, rear, raise,
Cherish v. abhor, dislike
ü\xm y_rhY Ker bring up, tend
Clan n. yMrÎ, yMrôt tribe, society, gang, race
icš°m Ker, iodu³ mix, unite, incorporate, disconnect, divide,
Combine v.
Kiv, GKÎ Kiv integrate, blend, intermix disjoin
Decade n. `k©K decennary
DrmM© Kiv,
Dedicate v. devote, sacrifice, immolate withhold, refuse
s^xmrsRZ Ker
\wl ioKía×, \wl firm, committed, fixed, irresolute, indefinite,
Determined adj.
cÖwZÁv resolute unfixed
m¤§vb, gh©v`v self-respect, self-esteem,
Dignity n. indignity, dishonor
honour, greatness, pride
{ahc¨, _r[©K¨ Ke^ bias, disparity, inequity,
Discrimination n. impartiality, equity
favouritism
gyw³, eÜb - gyw³ liberation, freedom, domination,
Emancipation n.
enfranchisement, salvation enslavement
mvdj¨gwÛZ Kiv,
gyZ© Kiv, ev¯Íe exemplify, symbolize,
Embody v. conceal, disembody
eƒ_\r^ Ker, _ÖsZeƒ_ represent
nIqv

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 brxfrxaxi, ixøxj affectionately, reverently, disdainfully,
Fondly adv.
ardently unpleasantly
m¤cÖxwZ, wgj/ HK¨ agreement, accord, disagreement,
Harmony n.
concord, synchronization discord
ierx^r, D_gc, worsening
Healing n. curing, remedial
wbivgq intensifying
gvbwmKZv, gvbeZv humankind, kindness,
Humanity n. compassion, sympathy, inhumanity
mercy
Av`k©, cÖwZgv, g~wZ©, symbol, sign,
Icon n. simple, ordinary
kª×vfvRb e¨w³ representation, idol
Kviviæ× nIqv ev
Imprison v. lock up, jail, confine liberate, free, release
Kiv
`qv, D`viZv, AbyMÖn compassion, sympathy,
Kindness n. cruelty, brutality
benevolence
Laud v. fzqmx cÖksmv Kiv admire, extol, flatter, praise abhor, despise
cÖKvk, ¯có Kib exhibition, proof,
appearance, demonstration, concealment
Manifestation n.
revelation, disclosure, vagueness, hiding
exposure
c]¨¯’Zr Ker,
ArxfrP^re Ører
consult, agree, mediate, confuse, mix up,
Negotiate v. gxgvsmv Kiv, civgk©
discuss, talk, converse disagree
Ker, P±s³e s^scxÎ
ArxfrP^r Ker
Aciva, AvµgY crime, illegal act, good deed,
Offence n.
transgression obedience
gh©v`v, m¤§vb status, esteem, reputation,
Prestige n. disregard, humility
regard, homage
¸eæZ¡_vY©, D^œZ famous, well-known,
unknown,
important, major,
unconspicuous,
Prominent adj. outstanding, leading,
unimportant,
celebrated, distinguished,
common, ordinary
eminent, chief, respected
msnwZ, cybwg©jb, disagreement,
settlement, understanding,
Reconciliation n. cybtwgjb ev resolution, compromise,
dissension,
gxgvsmv estrangement,
adjustment
separation
wbcxob, wbh©vZb, oppression, suppression,
Repression n. `gb authoritarianism, tyranny, freedom, liberty
cruelty, subjugation
Resolve n. \wl, ioKí resolution irresolution
i¤§rs^Z, gªx×m, reverend, honourable, abominable,
Revered adj.
Mbtebrxa gªx×m respected, honoured, despised, hated
Page No#5
 adored
3. Valentina Tereshkova
Vocabulary

Words Parts of Meaning Synonym Antonym

speech
msMÖvg, hy× cooperation,
Struggle n. eminence, prestige, status
submission
cwiPq, PwiÎ,
Testimony n. strive, battle, fight veto, denial
cÖvgvwYK, mvÿ¨
^xbrPret cosmonaut, moonwalker,
Astronaut n.
space person
saKí, ic[©^, Krxer
alternative, substitute,
Back-up n. s_Qx^ y[xK ic[©^ opponent
supporter
Kiv e¨vw³
mw¤§wjZ, mshy³ uncombined,
Combined adj. united, joined, mingled
separated
ydrMrxdrM Ker, contact, commune, keep secret,
Communicate v.
AewnZ Kiv correspond, connect disconnect
Prsfxm drImr go on, carry on, proceed on, cease, stop,
Continue v.
pursue, go ahead discontinue
B”Qr, ArMÖj, hope, wish, intention,
Desire n.v. ArKr•ÿr, Krc^r expectation, intend, yearn,
hate, despise
Ker, ArKr•ÿr Ker hanker, aspire, long for,
expect
A¯°s¯Í, A¯°r”Q›\¨ uneasiness, distress,
comfort, alleviation,
Discomfort n. anxiety, embarrassment,
calm
worry
Abyfe Kiv,
Experience v.n. AwfÁZv jvf Kiv, undergo, feel inexperience
AwfÁZv
AsbÁZr, saxgh skill, competence,
incompetence,
Expertise n. Ávb I `ÿZv knowledge, proficiency,
inexperience
capability, experience
cÖKvk Kiv, speak, assert, depict, reveal,
Express v.adj. conceal, hide
`ªæZMvgx disclose, expose
ÎæsUjt^brxa, flawlessly, perfectly,
Faultlessly adv. s^LuqZbrxa impeccably, immaculately, imperfectly
blamelessly, spotlessly
wbw`©ó Kiv, mbv³ recognize, distinguish,
Identify v. confuse, mistake
Kiv, wPwýZ Kiv mark, select, sort out
AšÍb©±³ Ker add, comprise, incorporate,
Include v. abandon, subtract
cover, involve, count
Interested adj. A^ue³, yKŠZ±jft, eager, curious, keen, indifferent,

Page No#6
 AvMÖnx enthusiastic uninterested
_w[KtKeY, aloneness, desolation, connection, crowd,
Isolation n.
sas”Q^œZr solitude combination
ycx^ Pfr, aRrm abide by, carry on, keep up,
Maintain v. destroy, discard
erLr, Prsfxm drImr support, retain, supervise
Words Parts of Meaning Synonym Antonym
speech
ewg ewg fve,
Nausea n. vomiting
weewglv
kvmbvgj, kvmb
Regime n. reign, tenure
a¨a¯’r
Selection n. wbe©vPb, evQvB choice, election, option rejection, refusal
i`f, K³ZKrd© victorious, triumphant,
Successful adj. unsuccessful
flourishing, thriving
ius_Öc, ixa©r”P, absolute, extreme,
Supreme adj. inferior, lowly minor
ia©xgªô superlative, foremost
Trained adj. cÖwkÿYcÖvß skilled, schooled unskilled
AsZµc Ker, yKr^
experience, feel, suffer,
sKQ±e ybZe s\xm
Undergo v. endure, undertake, go forgo
hvIqv, AwfÁZv
through
jvf Kiv
Vessel adj. hvb, Zix boat, craft
sKoa\sšÍ, yKr^
saxgh Aa\rx^e
Legend n. myth, star, celebrity non-fiction, truth
Rb¨ weL¨vZ e¨w³
yfrK Krsj^t
4. Kalpana Chawla
Vocabulary

D^œZ, AZ¨šÍ developed, enriched,

Advanced adj. AMÖmi flourished, improved, undeveloped
promoted
cjrgv^¨ ioµršÍ,
Aeronautical adj. wegvb Pvjbv ethereal, aviating ground
ioµršÍ
i¤_^œ Ker, i¤_vY© begin, start,
Complete v. finish, perform, fulfill
Kiv commence
cwiPvjbv Kiv instruct, operate, run, misconduct,
Conduct v.
direct, handle mismanage
Conflict n. Ø›Ø, ioNrZ dispute, combat, fight accord, harmony
\wl _ÖZ¨mt, \wl resolute, committed, irresolute
Determined adj.
persistent undetermined
Page No#7
 _ÖsZÁ, \wl
msKíe×
Words Parts of Meaning Synonym Antonym
speech
wbw`©ó Kiv, kbv³
Identify v. classify, determine, select conceal, hide
Kiv, wPwýZ Kiv
Intelligence n. eyw×, eyw×gËv intellect, brilliance ignorance, stupidity
Landing n. AeZiY arrival, touchdown launching, take-off
¯’rmt jImr, yUKiB
Last v. exist, endure, sustain be temporary
nIqv
Later adv. _xe, _eaZ©txZ after, next, afterwards before
ÎæwUc~Y© nIqv,
Malfunction v. ¯°rbrsaKbrxa KrR default function
KexZ ^r _rer
AR©b Kiv, jvf
Obtain v. attain, gain fail, lose
Kiv, cvIqv
`vqx, (e¨w³) AvBb
accountable, liable, unaccountable,
Responsible adj. A[ar ^tsZMZ brxa
answerable irresponsible
`vqx
D×re Ker, s`xe bring back, restore, return,
Retrieve v. go back, abandon
cvIqv regain recover
Safety n. wbivcËv security, protection risk, peril, insecurity
sgÿr, _krxgr^r, learning, reading, study,
Schooling n. ignorance, illiteracy
yfLr_kr education
Take-off n. DÇqb launching arrival, landing
IRbnxbZv,
Weightlessness n. airiness, ethereality load, heavy
fvinxbZv

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