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Sub Netting

The document discusses subnetting as a solution for organizations with multiple networks, allowing for a hierarchical IP addressing structure that improves management and efficiency. It explains the advantages of subnetting, including reduced router complexity and better utilization of IP addresses. Additionally, it introduces classless addressing as a short-term solution to address depletion, utilizing slash notation for defining network and host portions of an IP address.

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4 views15 pages

Sub Netting

The document discusses subnetting as a solution for organizations with multiple networks, allowing for a hierarchical IP addressing structure that improves management and efficiency. It explains the advantages of subnetting, including reduced router complexity and better utilization of IP addresses. Additionally, it introduces classless addressing as a short-term solution to address depletion, utilizing slash notation for defining network and host portions of an IP address.

Uploaded by

rohobotkolaso787
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Subnetting

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Subnetting - Why?

• Problem: Organizations
have multiple networks University Network
which are independently
managed Engineering Medical
School School
– Solution 1: Allocate one or more
addresses for each network
• Difficult to manage Library
• From the outside of the
organization, each network
must be addressable.
– Solution 2: Addanother
level of hierarchy to the Subnetting
IP addressing structure
McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
Basic Idea of Subnetting
• Split the host number portion of an IP address into a subnet number
and a (smaller) host number.
• Result is a 3-layer hierarchy

• Subnets can be freely assigned within the organization


• Internally, subnets are treated as separate networks
• Subnet structure is not visible outside the organization

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Network mask and subnetwork mask

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Advantages of Subnetting
• With subnetting, IP addresses use a 3-layer hierarchy:
» Network
» Subnet
» Host
• Improves efficiency of IP addresses by not consuming an entire address
space for each physical network.
• Reduces router complexity. Since external routers do not know about
subnetting, the complexity of routing tables at external routers is reduced.

• Note: Length of the subnet mask need not be identical at all subnetworks.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Example 1

What is the subnetwork address if the


destination address is 200.45.34.56 and the
subnet mask is 255.255.240.0?

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Solution

11001000 00101101 00100010 00111000


11111111 11111111 11110000 00000000
11001000 00101101 00100000 00000000

The subnetwork address is 200.45.32.0.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Example 3

A company is granted the site address


201.70.64.0 (class C). The company needs
six subnets. Design the subnets.
Solution

The number of 1s in the default


mask is 24 (class C).

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Solution (Continued)

The company needs six subnets. This number


6 is not a power of 2. The next number that is
a power of 2 is 8 (23). We need 3 more 1s in
the subnet mask. The total number of 1s in
the subnet mask is 27 (24 + 3).
The total number of 0s is 5 (32 − 27). The
mask is

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Solution (Continued)

11111111 11111111 11111111 11100000


or
255.255.255.224
The number of subnets is 8.
The number of addresses in each subnet
is 25 (5 is the number of 0s) or 32.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
CLASSLESS ADDRESSING
Subnetting and supernetting in classful addressing
did not really solve the address depletion
problem. With the growth of the Internet, it was
clear that a larger address space was needed as
a long-term solution. Although the long-range
solution has already been devised and is called
IPv6, a short-term solution was also devised to
use the same address space but to change the
distribution of addresses to provide a fair share
to each organization. The short-term solution still
uses IPv4 addresses, but it is called classless
addressing.
McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
Note

• In classless addressing, the prefix defines


the network and the suffix
• defines the host.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Slash notation

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000


Example
• The following addresses are defined using slash
notations.
• a. In the address 12.23.24.78/8, the network mask is
255.0.0.0. The mask has eight 1s and twenty-four 0s.
The prefix length is 8; the suffix length is 24.

• b. In the address 130.11.232.156/16, the network


mask is 255.255.0.0. The mask has sixteen 1s and
sixteen 0s.The prefix length is 16; the suffix length
is 16.
• c. In the address 167.199.170.82/27, the network
mask is 255.255.255.224. The mask has twenty-
seven 1s and five 0s. The prefix length is 27; the
suffix length is 5.
McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

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