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CSEC Integrated Science Essential Topics

The document outlines essential topics in CSEC Integrated Science, covering key concepts such as the cell structure, nutrition and digestion, respiration and excretion, reproduction and growth, ecosystems, matter and materials, forces and motion, energy, electricity and magnetism, and human body systems. Each section provides fundamental information about processes, components, and environmental issues relevant to the subject. The notes serve as a comprehensive guide for students studying integrated science.

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1 views

CSEC Integrated Science Essential Topics

The document outlines essential topics in CSEC Integrated Science, covering key concepts such as the cell structure, nutrition and digestion, respiration and excretion, reproduction and growth, ecosystems, matter and materials, forces and motion, energy, electricity and magnetism, and human body systems. Each section provides fundamental information about processes, components, and environmental issues relevant to the subject. The notes serve as a comprehensive guide for students studying integrated science.

Uploaded by

paulcassie613
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CSEC Integrated Science Study Notes:

Essential Topics
1. The Cell
- The basic unit of life.
- Types: Plant cells (cell wall, chloroplasts), Animal cells (no cell wall).
- Main parts: Nucleus (controls activities), Cytoplasm (chemical reactions), Cell membrane
(controls entry/exit).
- Processes: Diffusion (movement from high to low concentration), Osmosis (diffusion of
water).

2. Nutrition and Digestion


- Types: Autotrophic (plants), Heterotrophic (animals).
- Nutrients: Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water.
- Digestive system: Mouth → Esophagus → Stomach → Small Intestine → Large Intestine.
- Enzymes: Amylase (starch), Protease (proteins), Lipase (fats).

3. Respiration and Excretion


- Respiration: Releases energy from glucose.
- Aerobic (with oxygen): glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy.
- Anaerobic: less efficient, occurs without oxygen.
- Excretion: Removal of waste (e.g., urea, CO₂, excess water).
- Organs: Lungs (CO₂), Kidneys (urine), Skin (sweat).

4. Reproduction and Growth


- Asexual (one parent, identical offspring): budding, binary fission.
- Sexual (two parents, variation): male and female gametes.
- Human reproduction: sperm + egg → zygote → fetus.
- Growth: Increase in size and number of cells.

5. Ecosystems and Environment


- Components: Producers, consumers, decomposers.
- Food chains and webs: Show energy flow.
- Environmental issues: Pollution, deforestation, climate change.
- Conservation: Protecting resources, recycling, sustainable practices.
6. Matter and Materials
- States: Solid, liquid, gas.
- Changes: Melting, boiling, condensation, freezing.
- Mixtures vs Compounds: Mixtures can be separated physically.
- Separation methods: Filtration, distillation, chromatography.

7. Forces and Motion


- Force: A push or pull.
- Types: Contact (friction), Non-contact (gravity, magnetism).
- Motion: Speed = distance/time. Velocity has direction.
- Newton’s Laws: 1st (inertia), 2nd (F = ma), 3rd (action = reaction).

8. Energy
- Forms: Kinetic, potential, thermal, light, sound.
- Law of Conservation: Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
- Renewable vs Non-renewable sources: Sun, wind, fossil fuels.
- Heat transfer: Conduction, convection, radiation.

9. Electricity and Magnetism


- Electricity: Flow of electrons through a conductor.
- Series vs Parallel circuits: Series—one path; Parallel—multiple paths.
- Components: Resistor, bulb, switch, ammeter.
- Magnetism: Magnetic field around magnets and current-carrying wires.

10. The Human Body and Health


- Systems: Circulatory (heart, blood), Respiratory (lungs), Nervous (brain, nerves).
- Diseases: Communicable (e.g. flu), Non-communicable (e.g. diabetes).
- Immunity: Body’s defense against infection.
- Health practices: Hygiene, nutrition, exercise.

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