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dynamics reviewer

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P2 (1)

dynamics reviewer

Uploaded by

rkpeterdcs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ROTATIONAL MOTION

- This defined as the motion by which a body moves in circles and that the centers of
these circles are all on one line called the axis of rotation.
Translational Motion Rotational Motion
VARIABLE LINEAR ANGULAR RELATIONSHIP

Velocity 𝑣 𝜔 𝑣 = 𝜔𝑟

Displacement 𝑠 𝜃 𝑠 = 𝜃𝑟

Acceleration 𝑎 𝛼 𝑎 = 𝛼𝑟

r = radius of rotation

Translational Motion Rotational Motion


LINEAR ANGULAR
𝑣! = 𝑣" + 𝑎𝑡 𝜔! 𝑟 = 𝑤" 𝑟 + 𝛼 𝑟 𝑡 𝜔! = 𝑤" + 𝛼 𝑡
𝑣! # = 𝑣" # + 2𝑎𝑠 𝜔! #𝑟# = 𝜔" #𝑟# + 2(𝛼 𝑟)(𝜃 𝑟) 𝜔! # = 𝜔" # + 2(𝛼)(𝜃)
1 1 1
𝑠 = 𝑣" 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 # 𝜃 𝑟 = 𝜔" 𝑟 𝑡 + (𝛼 𝑟)(𝑡 #) 𝜃 = 𝜔" 𝑡 + (𝛼)(𝑡 #)
2 2 2
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A bicycle slows down uniformly from 𝑣" = 8.4 m/s to rest over a distance of 115
meters. Each wheel and tire have an overall diameter of 68.0 cm. Determine the
following:

1. the angular velocity of the wheels at


the initial instant.
2. the total number of revolutions each
wheel rotates before coming to rest.
3. the angular acceleration of the wheel.
4. the time it took the bicycle to come to
a full stop.
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A wheel rotates with a constant angular acceleration of 35 rad/s^2. If the angular
speed of the wheel is 2.0 rad/sec, what angle does the wheel rotate after 2 seconds?
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A fly wheel rotating at 500 rpm decelerates uniformly at 2 rad/s^2. How many seconds
it will take for the flywheel to stop?
CURVILINEAR MOTION: NORMAL AND TANGENTIAL COMPONENTS
A motion in which the motion's Curvilinear motion is somewhat related
parameter is not continuous to projectile motion, but is more
general. Projectile motion is actually a
curvilinear motion. Curvilinear motion
differs from Rectilinear motion such
that it involves curved paths, not
straight lines.

To simplify the study of Curvilinear


motion, we will be using two axes
describing the motion. These axes are
the n and t coordinate axes, which act
normal (n) and tangent (t) to the path,
respectively.
NORMAL AND TANGENTIAL COMPONENTS
When a particle moves along a curved path, it is sometimes convenient to describe its
motion using coordinates other than Cartesian. When the path of motion is known, normal
(n) and tangential (t) coordinates are often used.

In the n-t coordinate system, the origin is located on the particle (thus the origin
and coordinate system move with the particle).
N-AXIS AND T-AXIS
ü The t-axis is tangent to the path (curve) at the instant considered, positive in the
direction of the particle’s motion.

ü The n-axis is perpendicular to the t-axis with the positive direction toward the
center of curvature of the curve.

ü The positive n and t directions are defined by the unit vectors 𝑢$ and 𝑢% ,
respectively
POSITION
The position of the particle at any instant is defined by the distance, s, along the curve from a
fixed reference point.
CENTER & RADIUS OF CURVATURE
The center of curvature, O', always lies on the concave side
of the curve. The radius of curvature, 𝜌, is defined as the
perpendicular distance from the curve to the center of
curvature at that point. The radius of curvature changes
unless the path is a circle

The radius of curvature of any path (that has an equation


of y = f(x)) is given by:
VELOCITY
The velocity vector is always tangent to the path of motion (t-direction) of the particle and has a
magnitude 𝑣 equal to the time derivative of the length s of the arc described by the particle.

The magnitude is determined by taking the time derivative of the path function, s(t).

Here v defines the magnitude of the velocity (speed) and 𝑢% defines the direction of the velocity
vector.
VELOCITY
The velocity vector is always tangent to the path of motion (t-direction) of the particle and has a
magnitude 𝑣 equal to the time derivative of the length s of the arc described by the particle.

The magnitude is determined by taking the time derivative of the path function, s(t).

Here v defines the magnitude of the velocity (speed) and 𝑢% defines the direction of the velocity
vector.
ACCELERATION
Acceleration is the time rate of change of velocity. It has two components - the normal and
tangential.

Ø The normal component of acceleration acts towards the radius of curvature (towards O').

Ø The tangential component of acceleration acts tangent to the path.


ACCELERATION
Acceleration is the time rate of change of velocity. It has two components - the normal and
tangential.

Ø The normal component of acceleration acts towards the radius of curvature (towards O').

Ø The tangential component of acceleration acts tangent to the path.


ACCELERATION
Ø The tangential component is tangent to the curve and in the direction of increasing or
decreasing velocity. It is the rate of change of velocity

Ø The normal or centripetal component is always directed toward the center of curvature of the
curve.

Ø The magnitude of acceleration vector is:


SAMPLE PROBLEM:
The racing car shown in the figure is travelling at 90 km/h when it enters the
semicircular curve at A. The driver increases the speed at a uniform rate, emerging
from the curve at C at 144 km/h. Determine the following:

a) tangential acceleration when the car is at B.


b) normal acceleration when the car is at B.
c) total acceleration when the car is at B.
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
The automobile has a speed of 80 ft/s at point A and an acceleration a having a
magnitude of 10 ft/s^2 , acting in the direction shown. Determine the radius of
curvature of the path at point A and the tangential component of acceleration.
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
If the speed of the crate at A is 15 ft/s, which is increasing at a rate 𝑣̇ = 3𝑓𝑡/𝑠^2
determine the magnitude of the acceleration of the crate at this instant.
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
At a given instant the train engine at E has a speed of 20 m/s and an acceleration of
14 m/s^2 acting in the direction shown. Determine the rate of increase in the train’s
speed and the radius of curvature of the path.
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
When the skier reaches point A along the parabolic path as shown below, he has a speed
of 6 m/s which is increasing at 2 m/s². Determine the direction of his velocity and
the direction and magnitude of his acceleration at this instant. Neglect the size of
the skier in the calculation.
PRACTICE PROBLEM
The automobile is originally at rest s = 0. If its speed is increased by 𝑣̇ = 0.05𝑡 # 𝑓𝑡/𝑠^2
where t is in seconds, determine the magnitudes of its velocity and acceleration when
t = 18 s.
NEWTON’S 2ND LAW OF MOTION: LAW OF ACCELERATION
NEWTON’S 2ND LAW OF MOTION: LAW OF ACCELERATION

1. Not moving

𝑭𝑭 < 𝑭𝑺,𝒎𝒂𝒙

2. Before moving/Impending motion

𝑭𝑭 = 𝑭𝑺,𝒎𝒂𝒙
3. Moving

𝑭𝑭 = 𝑭𝑲
ADDITIONAL SAMPLE PROBLEMS
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
What horizontal force P can be applied to a 100-kg block in a level surface with a
coefficient of friction of 0.2, that will cause an acceleration of 2.50 m/s^2.
ADDITIONAL SAMPLE PROBLEMS
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A 40-kg block is resting on a inclined plane making an angle of 30 ° from the
horizontal. If the coefficient of friction is 0.60, determine the force parallel to
the incline that must be applied to cause impending motion down the plane.
ADDITIONAL SAMPLE PROBLEMS
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A 10 N force is applied to a 2-kg mass, what will be the final velocity, if it starts
from rest, after 10 secs?
ADDITIONAL SAMPLE PROBLEMS
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A 400 N block slides on a horizontal plane by applying a horizontal force of 200 N and
reaches a velocity of 10 m/s in a distance of 30 m from rest.
a) Solve for the coefficient of friction.
b) Solve for the total distance that the block will have until it stops if the 200 N
is remove when it reaches 30 m.

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