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FLUID FLOW(0)

Fluid flow is a concept in fluid mechanics that describes the motion of fluids under unbalanced forces. It categorizes fluids into ideal, real, Newtonian, non-Newtonian, incompressible, and compressible types, each with distinct properties. The document also discusses flow characteristics such as steady vs. unsteady flow, viscosity, and provides equations for calculating mass flow rate and examples of fluid flow through pipes.

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3 views

FLUID FLOW(0)

Fluid flow is a concept in fluid mechanics that describes the motion of fluids under unbalanced forces. It categorizes fluids into ideal, real, Newtonian, non-Newtonian, incompressible, and compressible types, each with distinct properties. The document also discusses flow characteristics such as steady vs. unsteady flow, viscosity, and provides equations for calculating mass flow rate and examples of fluid flow through pipes.

Uploaded by

mosuguini
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FLUID FLOW

What is Fluid Flow?


Fluid Flow is a part of fluid mechanics and deals with fluid dynamics. It involves the motion of a
fluid subjected to unbalanced forces. This motion continues as long as unbalanced forces are
applied.
For example, if you are pouring water from a mug, the velocity of water is very high over the lip,
moderately high approaching the lip, and very low at the bottom of the mug. The unbalanced
force is gravity, and the flow continues as long as the water is available and the mug is tilted.

Types of Fluids

Ideal fluid
A fluid is said to be ideal when it cannot be compressed and the viscosity doesn’t fall in the
category of an ideal fluid. It is an imaginary fluid which doesn’t exist in reality.

Real fluid
All the fluids are real as all the fluid possess viscosity.

Newtonian fluid
When the fluid obeys Newton’s law of viscosity, it is known as a Newtonian fluid.

Non-Newtonian fluid
When the fluid doesn’t obey Newton’s law of viscosity, it is known as Non-Newtonian fluid.

Ideal plastic fluid


When the shear stress is proportional to the velocity gradient and shear stress is more than the
yield value, it is known as ideal plastic fluid.

Incompressible fluid
When the density of the fluid doesn’t change with the application of external force, it is known
as an incompressible fluid.

Compressible fluid
When the density of the fluid changes with the application of external force, it is known as
compressible fluid.
The table below represents the density and viscosity of different types of fluids
Types of fluid Density Viscosity

Ideal fluid Constant Zero

Real fluid Variable Non-zero

Newtonian fluid Constant/ Variable T=u(dudy)T=u(dudy)

Non-Newtonian fluid Constant/ Variable T≠u(dudy)T≠u(dudy)

Incompressible fluid Constant Non-zero/ zero

Compressible fluid Variable Non-zero/ zero


Interested to learn more about other concepts related to fluid, below are the links:

 Fluid Dynamics
 Properties of Fluids
 Fluid Pressure – Hydrostatic Pressure

Classification of flows on the basis of Mach number

 Incompressible flow has M<0.3.


 Compressible subsonic flow has M between 0.3 to 1.
The different types of fluid flow are represented in the graph below:

Types of Fluid Flow


Fluid flow has all kinds of aspects — steady or unsteady, compressible or incompressible,
viscous or non-viscous, and rotational or irrotational, to name a few. Some of these
characteristics reflect the properties of the liquid itself, and others focus on how the fluid is
moving.

Steady or Unsteady Flow


Fluid flow can be steady or unsteady, depending on the fluid’s velocity:

 Steady: In steady fluid flow, the velocity of the fluid is constant at any point.
 Unsteady: When the flow is unsteady, the fluid’s velocity can differ between any two
points.

Viscous or Non-viscous Flow


Liquid flow can be viscous or non-viscous.
Viscosity is a measure of the thickness of a fluid, and very gloppy fluids such as motor oil or
shampoo are called viscous fluids.

Fluid Flow Equation


Mass flow rate is the rate of movement of a massive fluid through a unit area. In simple words it
is the movement of mass per unit time. The formula for mass flow rate is given as follows:
Massflowrate=ρAVMassflowrate=ρAV
From the equation, we can see that mass flow rate depends on the density, velocity and the area
of cross-section of the fluid.

Solved Example
A fluid moves through a tube of 15 m/s, the tube has a transverse area of 0.4 m 2. If the
density of the fluid is ρ = 1.5 grams/m 3, what is the amount of mass flowing through the
tube?
To calculate the total mass of fluid flowing through the tube, we use

Massflowrate=ρAVMassflowrate=ρAV

Substituting the values in the above equation, we get

Massflowrate=1.5×15×0.4=9g/sMassflowrate=1.5×15×0.4=9g/s

Fluid Flow Through a Pipe


The general capacity of the pipes varies on its size. The table given below shows the capacity of
the flow of fluid based on its size.

Pipe size (in inch) Maximum Flow (in Velocity (in ft/s) Head Loss in (ft / 100 ft)
gal/min)

2 45 4.3 3.9

2.5 75 5.0 4.1

3 130 5.6 3.9

4 260 6.6 4.0

6 800 8.9 4.0

8 1600 10.3 3.8

10 3000 12.2 4.0

12 4700 13.4 4.0

14 6000 14.2 4.0

16 8000 14.5 3.5

18 10000 14.3 3.0

20 12000 13.8 2.4

24 18000 14.4 2.1

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