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Java Interview Complete

The document contains a comprehensive list of Java interview questions and answers covering key concepts such as Java features, differences between JDK, JRE, and JVM, object-oriented principles, and various Java functionalities including multithreading, exception handling, and Spring framework specifics. It also addresses topics like method overloading, polymorphism, and Hibernate, providing clear definitions and examples. This resource serves as a valuable guide for preparing for Java-related interviews.

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rutik ransubhe
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2 views

Java Interview Complete

The document contains a comprehensive list of Java interview questions and answers covering key concepts such as Java features, differences between JDK, JRE, and JVM, object-oriented principles, and various Java functionalities including multithreading, exception handling, and Spring framework specifics. It also addresses topics like method overloading, polymorphism, and Hibernate, providing clear definitions and examples. This resource serves as a valuable guide for preparing for Java-related interviews.

Uploaded by

rutik ransubhe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java Interview Questions and Answers

Q1: What are the key features of Java?


A: Java is an object-oriented, platform-independent, secure, robust, multithreaded,
high-performance, and distributed programming language.

Q2: Explain the difference between JDK, JRE, and JVM.


A: - JDK (Java Development Kit): Includes tools for developing, debugging, and compiling Java
applications.
- JRE (Java Runtime Environment): Contains libraries and JVM to run Java applications.
- JVM (Java Virtual Machine): Converts Java bytecode to machine code for execution.

Q3: What is the difference between == and .equals() in Java?


A: - == compares memory addresses (reference comparison).
- .equals() compares the content of objects (logical comparison).

Q4: What are primitive data types in Java?


A: Java has 8 primitive data types: byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, and boolean.

Q5: What is type casting in Java?


A: Type casting is converting one data type into another:
- Implicit Casting (Widening): Smaller to larger type (int to double).
- Explicit Casting (Narrowing): Larger to smaller type (double to int).

Q6: What is autoboxing and unboxing?


A: - Autoboxing: Automatic conversion of primitive to Wrapper class (int to Integer).
- Unboxing: Automatic conversion of Wrapper class to primitive (Integer to int).

Q7: What is the difference between String, StringBuilder, and StringBuffer?


A: - String: Immutable and thread-safe.
- StringBuilder: Mutable and not thread-safe (faster).
- StringBuffer: Mutable and thread-safe (slower).

Q8: What are wrapper classes in Java?


A: Wrapper classes provide an object representation of primitive types (e.g., Integer, Double,
Boolean).

Q9: Explain pass-by-value and pass-by-reference in Java.


A: Java is strictly pass-by-value. Primitive types pass values, while objects pass references to the
memory location.
Q10: What is the difference between an interface and an abstract class?
A: - Interface: Defines only abstract methods (Java 8+ allows default and static methods).
- Abstract Class: Can have both abstract and concrete methods.

Q11: What are the four principles of OOP?


A: Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Abstraction.

Q12: What is method overloading and method overriding?


A: - Overloading: Defining multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.
- Overriding: Redefining a method in a subclass that exists in the parent class.

Q13: What is the difference between final, finally, and finalize()?


A: - final: Used to declare constants, prevent method overriding, and inheritance.
- finally: A block in exception handling that always executes.
- finalize(): A method called by the garbage collector before an object is destroyed.

Q14: What is multiple inheritance in Java? Can we achieve it?


A: Java does not support multiple inheritance with classes but supports it with interfaces.

Q15: What is polymorphism? Provide an example.


A: Polymorphism allows a method to have multiple implementations, e.g., method overloading and
overriding.

Q16: What is the difference between abstraction and encapsulation?


A: - Abstraction: Hiding implementation details and exposing only functionality.
- Encapsulation: Bundling data with methods to restrict direct access.

Q17: How does garbage collection work in Java?


A: Garbage Collection (GC) automatically removes unreferenced objects from memory using
different algorithms like Mark-and-Sweep.

Q18: What are constructors? Can constructors be private?


A: Constructors initialize objects. Yes, constructors can be private, used in Singleton design
patterns.

Q19: What is the super keyword in Java?


A: super refers to the parent class. It is used to call a parent class constructor or methods.

Q20: What is multithreading in Java?


A: Multithreading allows concurrent execution of multiple threads for better performance.

Q21: What are synchronized methods in Java?


A: Synchronized methods prevent concurrent access to critical sections of code.
Q22: What is the difference between HashMap and HashTable?
A: - HashMap is non-synchronized, allows one null key, and is faster.
- HashTable is synchronized and does not allow null keys.

Q23: What is a lambda expression in Java?


A: Lambda expressions provide a concise way to implement functional interfaces.

Q24: What are Streams in Java 8?


A: Streams process data in a functional style with methods like filter, map, and reduce.

Q25: What is the default method in an interface?


A: A default method has a body in an interface and can be overridden.

Q26: What is a functional interface?


A: A functional interface has exactly one abstract method and can be used with lambda
expressions.

Q27: What are Optional classes in Java 8?


A: Optional helps handle null values without NullPointerException.

Q28: What is the difference between checked and unchecked exceptions?


A: - Checked exceptions are checked at compile-time (IOException, SQLException).
- Unchecked exceptions are runtime exceptions (NullPointerException, ArithmeticException).

Q29: What is dependency injection in Spring?


A: Dependency Injection (DI) allows injecting dependencies rather than creating them manually.

Q30: What is a Spring Boot starter?


A: Starters are pre-configured dependencies to simplify project setup.

Q31: What is Spring Boot auto-configuration?


A: Auto-configuration automatically configures beans based on dependencies.

Q32: What is the difference between @Component, @Service, and @Repository?


A: - @Component: Generic stereotype annotation.
- @Service: Specialized for service layer logic.
- @Repository: Used for DAO layers and integrates with JPA.

Q33: What is Hibernate in Java?


A: Hibernate is an ORM framework that simplifies database interactions using Java objects.

Q34: What is the difference between fetch types EAGER and LAZY in Hibernate?
A: - EAGER: Loads related entities immediately.
- LAZY: Loads related entities only when accessed.

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