tnaiingCwtnt

Diecc cutkent (DC) ’ twídorcchonat turnt

do not chuge
dis cuion
for Ac,
H=j2RT
cunt (AC) ’ clianges
auenating aiouiou.
Ha fm; T

for altehntivg custet,

V=210v
avthage wchet -

ordinasy moving wit ammetee

oy true for
measws lwg
t-ti Etosin Ot Whereas,
Ohen i , hunuion qtr hot ire ammeter ’ ac arn meter
meawl isms.
Phasor DIAGRAMs
t, -ty ’gnerally, went and voltages oc
ase reprsented by phascr s Or
#agt gueskon mein spefy nali hi avg. anaticloukwise rotahng Ve Ctors.
Kitne time ka rekalai hai o One The length of aUOw represet1 peak vaw
ka nikalna. of quanihy ond it's projechon
Oy instantane s value.
for i i, sin ot
=0 (for sill yue)

for hay yce

7 E -E Ben ot phase

i i, kin (wt )
Sin ot =O binot = foy full pha
Losuwt 2y,-T) for Ac uce (for.Pune Ressive crcuit
R V= V,sinot í=, Sincot
foy hatf
Cos wt = osot =
phase lifs =o
2 (o- (/)
Root Mean Square valu of i V Vev,sinot Chalaga.
quare

n mem
rüot
Known t6ective or itual
vae
o for i=,sin wt for vv Sin ot
Vsms Vo
V2
 Inducie Cicut LPL Inolucor Seies lR Ciut
Purely Polemtial
leads V= Vo Sin w
V=v,Sin ot

lags behind emf VeVSin wt

V=V, Sinwot
CUent
by phese "n/2 wwent lags belino vut
Vnet vo Ltage by
2rf
Resitne
induchive
Reacamu
X, o4ind tonce Vo
n XL
et resa

inprdine
Tcz)
J,.

wmity
-Vo Vnet
phasor diagyam woawe dliag Yan
Vev, Sím ot
i -Í, Cos ot R
los Ka hamesa origin ke upas
ya need,e se i suu hoqa.
se hi
Series Rcc i t
Scin ka grayph hames ho. .Origin
Sww hoja. v= Vo Sin ut
In Dc ucue, inductance provides
reiy tance Constant cusent, Cwent teccs by p
X= wL = 2nfL de cçaul! feo Vevsin ot
Xo.
R
XL
Capqlor
Purely Capacikve Cicuit cu-’ asosart
leads.
VzV, Sín wt Vner +

CHent leacs emf by phase

tam = Xe
V=v,Sinot VevoSinwt
2
JRx R

Ve
X
ot
Power in A.c
phasor iag. The yate at onich ele cflcal engy
clecoical
Wwe diagram Powe
apautive Resistamu (apavit In Dc,
In Ac,
wc PCt) = V sn wt sun Cwt t¢)
[PlU) = Vo, bin wt sn (wt t ))
Powe factor
braman Otne
Capaunr foY cwnstwt CWut COc) Cos o =R
DC, f0 X V2nfc
Pow fauor for ain cnt LCR CIRCWIT
Power factor os
H
Pue Resis hve Cos o =|
i
Pwre nductive elel Ve V,Sinwt
=0
tno ontoeh ondmedy Case Ie- V Ve OR X,7 X
Puse Capadhive OS 90 =0
dve Pauq
L-R cì Lt $<96 cOS = R =.R
VR tX
Paug 0meViw
R-c it tuit <90
R
VR X2.
R
Vem
Case-I - Ve7 V
appau unt Paueh Vinhual PoweelEfective
Prwes
untt mentioned aa
appasew
Virtua
irns Vsms find Pang lys
Vo cnet)
waattless et Powles cuent

lms Pang de to Iy
Vmy
watley - Zrms Sin Case IL -
Thy Onijou i termed as Resonomce.
quies o Pong. R
z=R
Choke Coil
(Reduce weut without wasting Pouen) RESONANCE
but oagte Powe.
GRstamce Can l I
a Seie Lce cicuá y sid to be
Deuia 1 las Lm Vrny (hiqn pav Res on n4 ohen
V=VgSit

L lage VeVc
0, = Vo for io meu Z’ min: (K-X)=o
Zmin R
lage 2r -. Vo
VV,sinwt
2= Jxt R R
behawe as pwe
ruHw cicit
Powes factoy Cos = RSmall
(age lawg Irm Vyms los at YesonaU pooe
os Smal ma,

R Resonamu rquny érf)' or augula beg umiy (w)

f,
27 VLe
Lw,
 Ghaph for R, x, amd
TRANSFORMER Vo Ltage fiom one
io) max nomey of reate ) oy sncler val
a tran ftneY oork fy ac cwrmt bnuy CME
based on u prinup 4 mutucu incrcjo,
bamsrmer bmFes elchric fou er fron oy
CæCui to amoher. It Cam r aie oy louwe volla
we in a. wrci but wj cOvresponcihg dcrease by
in cease em

G u vesonane chut (mw. Cuwset) depemoy on

Pri.
R
coL load
PoSec. loil
emax Pmax is atl i, =loma BoUn es (outpu)
2 V2
Pmax tinput) laminated ivon
--
’ vOtiable
2L
Bamd uoidh dt dt
2Awa

half pouey
Np
Resonant Fraueny vaid for (oo). tici eny'Jda
frequny aloay vall d
w, z w + R K= Ns Tramsfomerl Twrs Rahio.
2L Yto
2L ya ghata.kai
Ne kitne qne Voltako Baca
SLep doon TYam fore
quality factor (- fater) Step-p transformea
’ inC0cse voLtaye
’ deeaii
i# oles oi bes the shanpney rejonan e cve. vo lt ge
hignes - fato ’ more shap is He resonante < es
< Ns Np > Ne
Np ip < is
R
k<l
Trams rmet
LC Oscillaions EAclemy ofa
h Pooet Otp t
Poer input
Enegy loss n TrsforMes
cappen lass heating iet
Vgt Py leake recue Bo Pi s winced on singacil
Eday cwet Lacs. recye lamincu edl cove
ystescs LOsS.
SOce Ko;
Tranuformes regney sowu Yemam in
nchi kata (t
Chonge
E osill aha blu Geld Capajtor
amd magnethe fud Hhe Lndu or.
loss of
ni y rm ajn 0n t u t .