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Lab III, Oscilloscope

The document outlines a lab work session focused on using an oscilloscope to analyze an RC circuit under periodic excitation. It includes objectives, required equipment, a comparison between oscilloscopes and voltmeters, and detailed experimental methods for observing the charging and discharging of a capacitor. Homework assignments involve writing differential equations and plotting solutions related to the circuit's behavior.

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docteursirine222
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3 views

Lab III, Oscilloscope

The document outlines a lab work session focused on using an oscilloscope to analyze an RC circuit under periodic excitation. It includes objectives, required equipment, a comparison between oscilloscopes and voltmeters, and detailed experimental methods for observing the charging and discharging of a capacitor. Homework assignments involve writing differential equations and plotting solutions related to the circuit's behavior.

Uploaded by

docteursirine222
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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National School of Autonomous Systems.

2024-2025

Lab Work III: Oscilloscope, Application in RC circuit

Objective

➢ To understand the function and operation of an oscilloscope.

➢ To analyze the behavior of an RC circuit under periodical excitation (square wave).

➢ To determine the time constant (τ) of an RC circuit.

➢ Discover the phase shift between electrical signals.

Equipment Required

➢ Oscilloscope
➢ Function generator
➢ Resistor (R)
➢ Capacitor (C)
➢ Connecting wires
➢ Breadboard

Question:

Oscilloscope Vs voltmeter; what’s the difference and are they interchangeable?

Oscilloscope

An oscilloscope, formerly known as an oscillograph, is an instrument that graphically displays


one or more voltage differences, and shows how those signals change over time.

@Media EM
National School of Autonomous Systems. 2024-2025

There are three primary oscilloscope systems: vertical, horizontal and trigger systems.

Channel buttons (1, 2): Press a channel button to turn

that channel ON or OFF and open the channel menu

for that channel. You can use the channel menu to

set up a channel. When the channel is on, the channel

button is lit. You can use the Horizontal menu to display

the waveform and zoom in a segment of a waveform.

Function Generator
The function generator (FG) is used to generate a wide range of period-current signals. We can
simplify the functionality of the (FG) to suit our needs, as the three blocks. The front panel can be
divided into three major control groups:

1) Frequency Selection;
2) Amplitude Modulation;
3) Function or Waveform (∽ , ⊓ , ∧).

Homework
Consider a DC generator E with negligible internal resistance, connected in series with a two-
position switch, a resistor R, and a capacitor of capacitance C.
➢ When the switch is set to position 1, the capacitor charges.
1-/ Write the differential equation governing the
voltage across the capacitor during charging.
2-/ Find the solution to this differential equation.
➢ When the switch is set to position 2, the capacitor
begins to discharge through the resistor R.
3-/ Write the differential equation governing the
voltage across the capacitor during discharging.
4-/ Find the solution to this differential equation.
5-/ Finally, plot both solutions of the differential equation on the same graph.

@Media EM
National School of Autonomous Systems. 2024-2025

Experimental Method

Part I Learn how to use the oscilloscope.


1-/ Set the function generator (FG) to a frequency of a few kHz, choosing the kHz range, and an
amplitude specified by the teacher. Display the FG voltage on the oscilloscope screen.

Calculate the amplitude and frequency deviations. Conclude

Part II: RC filter or RC network

Build the following circuit on a breadboard:

The RC circuit is created, powered by a GBF

delivering a pulse square-wave signal between

0 V and +5 V, whose frequency can be adjusted.

Theoretically, if we plot the voltage across the

capacitor terminals, we can observe the existence of two regimes: the transient regime (during which
the capacitor charges) and the steady-state regime (when the capacitor is fully charged). The same
applies to the capacitor discharge process.

Experimentally, to observe these two essential regimes and determine the time constant of the
charge process, we use a function generator (FG) that delivers a square-wave voltage of a certain
frequency. This frequency must be chosen such that the transient regime has enough time to complete
fully before the waveform switches, ensuring that both the transient and steady-state regimes are
clearly distinguishable.

1-/ Display the voltage at the capacitor terminal on the oscilloscope screen.

2-/ After observing the appropriate signal by adjusting the generator frequency, draw the voltage
across the capacitor terminals on millimeter paper, using a scale of 1:1.

3-/ Determine graphically the value of the time constant (τ), and using color coding to assess the value
of resistance R. Deduce the capacitance of the capacitor C.

@Media EM
National School of Autonomous Systems. 2024-2025

4-/ Display the function generator (FG) voltage and the voltage across the capacitor terminals on the
oscilloscope screen.

5-/ Set the oscilloscope parameters (horizontal scale, vertical scale, and vertical offset) to display
approximately two periods on the screen.

Observe and conclude.

@Media EM

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