Reimann Liouville Fractional

Differential Operator

Shraddha Sachan

(Roll No.- 2421MA10)

Under the supervision of
Dr. Amit Kumar Verma

Department of Mathematics,
Indian Institute of Technology, Patna, Bihta ,Bihar 801106

Shraddha Sachan (IITP) Reimann Liouville Fractional Differential Operator December 03, 2024 1 / 21
Contents

Introduction
Special Function
Reimann Liouville Fractional Differential Operator
Properties of Reimann Liouville Fractional Differential operator
Fractions Ordinary differential Equation
Conclusion
References

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Introduction

Fractional-order derivative is a general term representing

derivative and integral of fractional-orders, and it has several
different definitions, say, Riemann-Liouville’s derivative,
Caputo’s derivative.
It has been shown particularly useful in modeling
memory-dependent phenomena,because fractional-order deriva
tives are usually defined as definite integrals over certain
interval.
Riemann-Liouville’s fractional-order derivative has been most
widely used for problem description because it places less
constraints on the concerned function. The corresponding
mathematical theory has been established quite well.
The Reimann -liouville fractional derivative was first presented
by Bernhard Reimann and Joseph Liouville in 1847.

Shraddha Sachan (IITP) Reimann Liouville Fractional Differential Operator December 03, 2024 3 / 21
Special function
Wright Function
The Wright function plays all important role in the solution of linear
partial fractional differential
P∞ equations. e.g. the fractional diffusion wave
Zk
equation. W(Z,α, β) = k=0 k!Γ((αk+β) , α > −1, β ∈ C .

A complex function which depends on two complex parameters

α, β.
Eα,β (Z ) = ∞ Zk
P
k=0 Γ((αk+β) , α, β > 0.
Relation to Some Other Functions.
* Eα (Z ) = ∞ Zk
P
k=0 α+1
* E1,1 (Z ) = e z
√
* E2 (Z ) = cosh Z
1
* E0 (Z ) = 1−x , |x| < 1.
Shraddha Sachan (IITP) Reimann Liouville Fractional Differential Operator December 03, 2024 4 / 21
Laplace transform
The function F(s) defined is called Laplace image of the function f(t) and
we denote by
R∞F(s) = L[f(t), t, s].
F(s) = 0 f (t)e −st dt

• The image of derivatives P

dn n ∞ n−k f k−1 (0)
L[ dt n f (t)dt, t, s] = s F (s) − k=1 s

• The image of integrals

Z ∞
F (s)
L[ f (τ )dτ, t, s] =
0 s

The Beta function B(x, y )

R1
B(x, y) = 0 t x−1 (1 − t)y −1 dt for Re(x), Re(y ) > 0.

It can also be expressed in terms of Gamma functions:

Γ(x)Γ(y )
B(x, y ) = .
Γ(x + y )
Shraddha Sachan (IITP) Reimann Liouville Fractional Differential Operator December 03, 2024 5 / 21
Fractional Calculus
Power Rule For Fractional Derivative:
Γ (k + 1)
Derivative of arbitrary order α Dα (x k ) = x k−α
Γ (k − α + 1)
put α = 21 , k = 1
1 Γ (1 + 1) 1
D 2 (x) = 1

x 1− 2
Γ 1− 2 +1
√
1 Γ (2) 1 1 2 x
D (x) =
2 x =⇒ D (x) = √
2 2
Γ( 32 ) π
* composition

dk dm d k+m
( ) =
dx k dx m dx k+M
1 1
d2 d2 dy
1 [ 1 ]x = =1
dx 2 dx 2 dx

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* linearity property
Daα (λf (t) + ρg (t)) = λDaα f (t) + ρDaα g (t).
* Fractional derivative of constant not zero.
1 1
d2 d2 1
1 1 (1 = x 0 ) = √ , X ̸= 0
dx dx 2 2 Xπ
* The Leibniz rule for the fractional derivative of order α (where
0 < α < 1) for the product of two functions f (x) and g (x) is given by:
∞  
α
X α 
D [f (x)g (x)] = D α−k f (x) g (k) (x)
k
k=0

where:  
α Γ(α + 1)
=
k Γ(k + 1)Γ(α − k + 1)
is the generalized binomial coefficient, and Γ(·) is the Gamma function.

Shraddha Sachan (IITP) Reimann Liouville Fractional Differential Operator December 03, 2024 7 / 21
The Grunwald-Letnikov Definition
∞
1 P α
D α x(t) = lim [ (−1)k


α k x(t − kh)],
h→0 h k=0
 
α Γ(α + 1)
= ,
k Γ(k + 1)Γ(α − k + 1)
Where Γ is the Gamma function and h is the time increment.

Riemann-Liouville definition of the fractional Integral

Let f ∈ C [a, b].then the (left-sided) Riemann-Liouville fractional integral of
order α ≥ 0(α ∈ R) of the function f is given by
Z t
α 1
la := (t − s)α−1 f (s)ds, t > a, if α > 0,
Γ(α) a

la0 f (t) = f (t),

Where Γ(. ) is Euler’s Gamma function.

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RL INTEGRAL OF SINX

When α = 1, the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral simplifies to the

regular integral. The fractional integral of order 1 of the function sin(x) is:
Z x
1
I sin(x) = sin(t) dt
0
We can now compute this integral:

I 1 sin(x) = [− cos(t)]x0 = − cos(x) + cos(0)

Since cos(0) = 1, we get:

I 1 sin(x) = 1 − cos(x)
Thus, the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral of sin(x) for α = 1 is:

I 1 sin(x) = 1 − cos(x)

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RIEMANN-LIOUVILLE INTEGRAL FRACTIONAL (R.L.I.
F) OPERATOR

Definition
let n − 1 < α < n, n ∈ N. The (left sided) Riemann-Liouville Fractional
Derivative of order α > 0 of the function f ∈ C [a, b], is given by:
dn
Dα f (x) = n lan−α f (x), n − 1 < α < n, n ∈ N.
dx

1 dn R x f (s)ds



n 0 n − 1 < α < n, n ∈ N,
Dα f (x) = Γ(n − α) dx (x − s)1−n+α ,
n
 d f (x), α = n ∈ N

dx n

Shraddha Sachan (IITP) Reimann Liouville Fractional Differential Operator December 03, 2024 10 / 21
PROPERTIES OF RIEMANN-LIOUVILLE
INTEGRAL FRACTIONAL (R.L.I. F) OPERATOR

1) The Riemann-Liouville fractional differential operator D α of order α is a

linear operator. That means
D α (αf (x) + bg (x)) = αD α f (x) + bD α g (x), a, b ∈ R, α ∈ R +
2) The following non-semigroup and non-commutative properties hold

D α D β F (x) ̸= D α+β f (x), α, β ∈ R+

suppose that n − 1 < α < n, n, m ∈ N, α ∈ R∗ Then in general
D m D α f (x) = D α+m ̸= D α D m f (x).

3) For any constant C, the formulas hold

1
D α (c) = xα
Γ(1 − α)

Shraddha Sachan (IITP) Reimann Liouville Fractional Differential Operator December 03, 2024 11 / 21
R.L fractional derivative of constant function

Let f (x) = c, where c is a constant number, and α = pq ∈ [0, 1] is a

fractional number. The goal is to compute the left-side Riemann-Liouville
(RL) fractional derivative of f (x) of order α on the interval I = [a, b].
The RL fractional derivative of order α of a function f (x) is defined as:

d
RLD α f (x) = RLI 1−α f (x)


dx
where RLI 1−α f (x) is the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral of order
1 − α.
For a constant function f (x) = c, the RL fractional integral RLI 1−α of
f (x) on the interval [a, x] is:
Z x
c
RLI 1−α
c(x) = (x − t)−α dt
Γ(1 − α) a
For f (x) = c, this simplifies to:

Shraddha Sachan (IITP) Reimann Liouville Fractional Differential Operator December 03, 2024 12 / 21
 c
RLI 1−α c(x) = (x − a)1−α
Γ(1 − α)
Now, to find the fractional derivative, we take the derivative with respect
to x of the fractional integral:
 
d c 1−α
(x − a)
dx Γ(1 − α)
This yields:
c
RLD α c(x) = (1 − α)(x − a)−α
Γ(1 − α)
Thus, the RL fractional derivative of a constant function c is:
c
RLD α c(x) = (x − a)−α
Γ(1 − α)
The RL fractional derivative of a constant function is not zero. This
property in fractional calculus contrasts with ordinary calculus, where the
derivative of a constant function is always zero.
Shraddha Sachan (IITP) Reimann Liouville Fractional Differential Operator December 03, 2024 13 / 21
Laplace Transform Of The Basic Fractional Operator
The Laplace transform of Riemann-Liouville Fractional differential
operator of order α.

n−1
X
L{D α f (t)} = s α F (s) − s n−k−1 [D k I n−α f (t)]t=0 n − 1 < α < n (1)
k=0

The Laplace transform of Caputo Fractional differential operator of

order α.
L[D∗α f (t)]=sα F (s) − n−1 n−k−1 f k (0), n-1 < α ≤ n, n ∈ N
P
k=0 s
Which can also be obtain in form,

n F (s)−s n−1 f (0)−s n−2 f ′ (0)−s n−3 f ′′ (0)−...−f n−1 (0)

L[Dα∗ f (t)] = s s n−α

Shraddha Sachan (IITP) Reimann Liouville Fractional Differential Operator December 03, 2024 14 / 21
Example.1
Solve the fractional differential equation:

D 1/2 y (t) + y (t) = t, y (0) = 0,

Solution:
Using the Riemann-Liouville definition of fractional derivatives and
applying the Laplace transform:

L{D 1/2 y (t)} = s 1/2 Y (s) − s −1/2 y (0).

Given y (0) = 0, the Laplace-transformed equation becomes:

1
s 1/2 Y (s) + Y (s) = .
s2

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Factoring Y (s):
  1
Y (s) s 1/2 + 1 = 2 .
s
Solving for Y (s):
1
Y (s) =
.
s 2 s 1/2 + 1
Taking the inverse Laplace transform gives:
√
2 t √
y (t) = − √ + t + e t · erf( t) − e t + 1,
π

where erf(x) is the error function.

Shraddha Sachan (IITP) Reimann Liouville Fractional Differential Operator December 03, 2024 16 / 21
Example .2
the Cauchy problem
8
D 1/2 = √ t 3/2 , t > 0, u(0) = 0
3 π
Solution:- Applying the Laplace transformation, We get

L(D 1/2 u(t)) = s 1/2 L(u(t)).

Then Z ∞
8
s 1/2
L(u(t)) = e −st ( √ t 3/2 )dt.
0 3 π
Putting y=st, We get dy=sdt

Shraddha Sachan (IITP) Reimann Liouville Fractional Differential Operator December 03, 2024 17 / 21
Continue...

Z ∞
8 dy
1/2
s L(u(t)) = √ e −y (y /s)3/2
3 π 0 s
Z ∞
8 8
= √ s −5/2 e −y y 3/2 dy = √ s −5/2 Γ(5/2) = 2s −5/2
3 π 0 3 π

Therefore L(u(t)) = 2/s 3 = 2!/s 3 .

Then
2
u(t) = L−1 ( 3 ) = t 2
s

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Conclusion

fractional Laplace transform is used to solve fractional differential

equations. In fact, the method we use is a generalization of the Laplace
transform of analytic functions. In addition, the new multiplication we
defined is a natural operation in fractional calculus and plays an important
role in this article. In the future, we will study the problems of engineering
mathematics and fractional calculus by using Jumarie type of modified R-L
fractional derivative.

Shraddha Sachan (IITP) Reimann Liouville Fractional Differential Operator December 03, 2024 19 / 21
References

Podlubny, I. (1999). Fractional Differential Equations. Academic

Press, San Diego, Academic Press.
Kilbas, Srivastava, H., Trujillo, J. (2006). Theory and Applications of
Fractional Differential Equations. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Ashyralyev, A. (2009). A note on fractional derivatives and fractional
powers of operators. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and
Applications, 357(1), 232–236.

Shraddha Sachan (IITP) Reimann Liouville Fractional Differential Operator December 03, 2024 20 / 21
 Thank You !

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