MANU/SC/0485/2000

Equivalent/Neutral Citation: AIR2000SC 2740, 2000(3)BLJR2036, 2000 (3) C C C 250 , [2000]102C ompC as118(SC ), 2000 INSC 380,
JT2000(9)SC 78, 2001-1-LW250, 2000(4)RC R(C ivil)89, RLW2001(1)SC 89, 2000(5)SC ALE449, (2000)7SC C 120, [2000]Supp2SC R187, 2000(2)UJ1474

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

SLP (C) No. 12511 of 1999
Decided On: 08.08.2000
Uttam Singh Dugal & Co. Ltd. Vs. Union Bank of India and Ors.
Hon'ble Judges/Coram:
S. Rajendra Babu and Shivaraj V. Patil, JJ.
Counsels:
For Appearing Parties: Dushyant A. Dave, Ashok H. Desai, Sr. Advs., Prashant Kumar,
Niti Dikshit, S.K. Mehta, Dhruv Mehta, Shobha, K.N. Balgopal, C.N. Sreekumar, A.P.
Mukundan and Mahendra Singh, Advs
ORDER
S. Rajendra Babu, J.
1 . This petition is filed against the judgment passed by the High Court of Calcutta
affirming a decree passed by the learned Single Judge of the High Court for a sum of
Rs. 1015.50 lakhs on application of the respondent for judgment upon admission as
provided under Order XII, Rule 6 of the CPC. The facts leading to the suit are as
follows:
Transorient Engineering Company Ltd. subcontracted construction of students'
dormitories/dining hall for the University of Baghdad, Iraq, respondent Nos. 1
to 3 functioned as consortium to finance the said project. Certain disputes
having arisen petitioner filed suits against the respondent Banks that the debits
raised are illegal etc. Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) filed a suit for recovery of
certain sums of money and an application made therein under Chapter XIII-A of
the Original Side Rules and the High Court of Calcutta rejected the same and
respondents 1 and 3 Banks and E.C.G.C. were also impleaded by an amendment
in the said suit, respondent No. 1 filed a suit for recovery of certain sum of
money with certain other reliefs and in that suit, application for judgment upon
admission was allowed. Appeal thereon being unsuccessful, this petition is
filed.
2. The application filed by 1st respondent-Bank for judgment on admission covers only
a part of the suit claim. The 1st respondent-Bank relied upon (i) Balance Sheet of the
petitioner for year ending 31st March, 1989 with reference to Schedules 'C', 'D' and 'E';
(ii) Minutes of the meeting of Board of Directors held on 30th May, 1990 which noticed
the discussion at the meeting and issues that could be deemed to have been settled as
result thereof, (iii) letter dated 4th June, 1990 communicating the resolution and
minutes of the meeting of the Board of Directors held on May 30, 1990.
3 . In the said minutes in the meeting held on 30th May, 1990, it was mentioned as
follows:

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 IT WAS RESOLVED THAT:
In consideration of the United Bank of India, Connaught Circus Branch, New
Delhi, having agreed to the continuation of the previously sanctioned aggregate
credit limits amounting to Rs. 17.45 crores and in consideration of the Bank
having agreed to continue the operation of the various borrowing accounts with
outstanding dues, as stated hereinbelow in detail, the Company agrees to duly
execute a fresh set of documents as required by the Bank there against .
That Mr. Harcharan Singh Dugal, the Managing Director of the Company be and
is hereby authorised to execute the said documents and the official seal of the
Company be affixed thereon.
It is also resolved that the Company disputes the amount of Rs. 3,08,01,000
debited to its Cash Credit Account on 01.08.89 which along with interest stands
at Rs. 3,60,62,579 as on 31.03.90,
That the company accepts its liability as per details stated hereinbelow:

That, also due to fluctuations in Exchange Rate there has been difference in
amount due under Jordan Guarantee amounting to about Rs. 21 lakhs which is
not reflected in details shown above.
4. A copy of the aforesaid resolution was sent to the plaintiff with the following note as
indicated in the letter dated 4th June, 1990:
a) We do not confirm the debit entry of Rs. 3,60,62,579/- representing your
share of the invoked guarantee with interest upto 31.3.90 which has been
effected by you unauthorisedly against the illegal payment made by the Indian
Overseas Bank. We are enclosing a copy of the reply given to the Legal Notice
received by us from them. The reply is self-explanatory. You will agree that
before effecting the said payment consisting of such a large amount, a
reference ought to have been made to us.
b) The loan account of Janpath Branch amounting to Rs. 4,03,820 is not
accepted and is totally denied. We have repaid your Janpath Branch the
Convertible was loan for Baghdad along with interest in full. The debit in your
ledger is on account of the Janpath Branch not giving effect to the reduced
interest rate as directed by the Reserve Bank of India. At their request a copy of
the RBI circular was given to them and had also been sent to you.
c) That fresh documents are executed against the consideration of permitting us
to operate the sanctioned limits there-against as they stand. The debit entry of
Rs. 3,60,62,579 and entries for interest thereon will have no bearing on the
actual amount due as confirmed by us in our Board Resolution.
d) Almost two years ago an unofficial freeze was imposed on our Inland
Guarantee limits for reasons never communicated to us. Thus, you had denied
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 fresh Guarantees for Bid Bonds etc. to tender for new works and the company's
huge fleet of Construction equipments and trained personnel perforce thereby
remained idle since the last one and a half year.
5. The petitioners filed an affidavit-in-op- position to contend that:
1. That the defendant No. 1 's suit is barred by limitation;
2. That the resolution dated 30.5.90 was passed subject to a condition that the
inland guarantee limit would be resumed and that as the condition was not
fulfilled, the resolution was not binding;
3. That the defendant No. 1 's suit was liable to be stayed under Section 10 CPC
because the matter in issue in the suit was also directly and substantially in
issue in the previous suits filed by others
4. That the suit of the defendant No. 1 is bad for misjoinder of parties.
6 . The defendants further contended that, insofar as resolution dated 30.5.90 and a
letter dated 4.6.1990 are concerned, they are to the effect that they are matters of
record and save what are matters of record and save what would appear from the letter
dated 30.5.1990 all allegations to the contrary are disputed and denied. It is
categorically denied that there is any admission of liability by the first respondent to the
petitioner to the extent of Rs. 10,15,80,090 as on 30th March 1990 or that since the
said alleged admission of the liability the claim of the petitioner has increased and it is
now more than Rs. 24 crores, as wrongly alleged, if at all.
7. At the time of hearing it appears it was contended:
1. That the amount claimed by the plaintiff from the defendants was part of the
consortium agreement under which the Indian Overseas Bank, United Bank of
India and the EXIM Bank agreed to advance money to defendant No. 1 in the
proportion of 50:25:25. It was stated that Indian Overseas Bank has filed a suit
against the defendants for recovery of all the amounts advanced by the
consortium to the defendant No. 1 and that suit was still pending, therefore,
they were estopped from filing that suit and making an independent claim
against the defendant No. 1.
2 . That in the suit filed by Indian Overseas Bank an application had been
moved by the Indian Overseas Bank for final judgment under Chapter XIII-A on
the basis of the same documents which were sought to be relied upon by the
plaintiff. The trial judge had rejected the same.
3 . That payments had been made subsequent to the admission and loan was
recalled only in 1993 just prior to the filing of the suit.
4 . That several claims have been included in the suit in respect of which
another suit has been filed in the Madras High Court and, therefore, the amount
could not be recovered.
5. The claim of the plaintiff had been covered by a counter guarantee issued by
the Export Credit Guarantee Corporation and the extent of payment made by it
to the plaintiff and the suit was for the reason not maintainable at the instance
of defendant No. 1.

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 6 . That the defendants in the suit had filed a separate suit in which he had
claimed for certain reliefs which would nullify the claim made by the plaintiff in
the suit.
8. The learned trial judge found that there is an unequivocal admission of the contents
of the documents and what is denied is the extent of admission and the increase of the
liability admitted. The learned trial judge took the view that the prerequisites of Order
XII, Rule 6 CPC had been satisfied in this case and that on a plain reading of the
resolution of the Board dated 30.5.90 there could be no doubt that the petitioner had
made a clear, unambiguous and unconditional acknowledgement of its liability to the
Bank. The language of the resolution would show that the extent of the admission in the
resolution is for Rs. 10,15,80,000/-, if not for Rs. 10,36.80 lakhs. The figure of Rs.
1015.80 lakhs is firm admission being the figure arrived at after deducting Rs. 21 lakhs
claimed by the defendants by reason of fluctuation of the exchange rate and that was
the amount claimed by the petitioner in the suit. This admission made in the course of
the Board of Directors' resolution had not been explained by the petitioner in the
affidavit-in-opposition but on the other hand had reiterated the same. The arguments
raised before the trial court were considered to be contrary to the pleadings raised in
the case. Therefore, the application was allowed.
9 . On appeal, the Division Bench noticed these very facts and also noted that
discrepancy, if any, between the appellant's particulars and the particulars in respect of
which a judgment was sought on admission was not made the subject-matter of
challenge either in the affidavit-in-opposition before the trial Judge or in the arguments
thereof and characterized the same as a point of accounting discrepancy which could
not be raised at the stage of appeal and dismissed the same.
10. Learned Counsel for the appellant contended that Order XII Rule 6 comes under the
heading 'admissions' and a judgment on admission could be given only after due
opportunity to the other side to explain the admission, if any, made; that such
admission should have been made only in the course of the pleadings or else the other
side will not have an opportunity to explain such admission; that even though, the
provision reads that the court may at any stage of the suit make such order as it thinks
fit effect of admission, if any, can be considered only at the time of trial; that the
admission even in pleadings will have to be read along with Order VIII Rule 5(1) of CPC
and Court need not necessarily proceed to pass an order or a judgment on the basis of
such admission but call upon the party relying upon such admission to prove its case
independently; that during pendency of other suits and the nature of contentions raised
in the case, it would not be permissible at all to grant the relief before trial as has been
done in the present case; that the expression 'admissions' made in the course of the
pleadings or otherwise will have to be read together and the expression 'otherwise' will
have to be interpreted ejusdem generis'.
11. As to the object of the Order XII Rule 6, we need not say anything more than what
the Legislature itself has said when the said provision came to be amended. In the
objects and reasons set out while amending the said rule, it is stated that "where a
claim is admitted, the court has jurisdiction to enter a judgment for the plaintiff and to
pass a decree on admitted claim. The object of the Rule is to enable the party to obtain
a speedy judgment at least to the extent of the relief to which according to the
admission of the defendant, the plaintiff is entitled." We should not unduly narrow
down the meaning of this Rule as the object is to enable a party to obtain speedy
judgment.

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Where other party has made a plain admission entitling the former to succeed, it should
apply and also wherever there is a clear admission of facts in the face of which, it is
impossible for the party making such admission to succeed.
12. The next contention canvassed (canvassed?) is that the resolutions or minutes of
meeting of the Board of Directors, resolution passed thereon and the letter sending the
said resolution to the respondent bank cannot amount to a pleading or come within the
scope of the Rule as such statements are not made in the course of the pleadings or
otherwise. When a statement is made to a party and such statement is brought before
the Court showing admission of liability by an application filed under Order XII Rule 6
and the other side has sufficient opportunity to explain the said admission and if such
explanation is not accepted by the Court, we do not think the trial court is helpless in
refusing to pass a decree. We have adverted to the basis of the claim and the manner in
which the trial court has dealt with the same. When the trial judge states that the
statement made in the proceedings of the Board of Directors meeting and the letter
send as well as the pleadings when read together, leads to unambiguous and clear
admission with only the extent to which the admission is made is in dispute. And the
court had a duty to decide the same and grant a decree. We think this approach is
unexceptionable.
13. Before the trial judge, there was no pleading much less an explanation as to the
circumstances in which the said admission was made, so as to take it out of the
category of admissions which created a liability. On the other hand, what is stated in
the course of the pleadings, in answer to the application filed under Order XII Rule 6
CPC, the stand is clearly to the contrary. Statements had been made in the course of the
minutes of the Board of Directors held on 30th May, 1990 to which we have already
adverted to in detail. In the pleadings raised before the Court, there is a clear statement
made by the respondent as to the undisputed part of the claim made by them. In regard
to this aspect of communicating the resolution dated 30th May, 1990 in the letter dated
4th June, 1990 what is stated in the affidavit-in-opposition in application under Order
XII Rule 6 CPC is save, what are matters on record and save what would appear from
the letter dated 30th May, 1990 all allegations to the contrary are disputed and denied.
This averment would clearly mean that the petitioner does not deny a word of what was
recorded therein and what is denied is the allegations to the contrary. The denial is
evasive and the learned judge is perfectly justified in holding that there is an
unequivocal admission of the contents of the documents and what is denied is extent of
the admission but the increase in the liability is admitted.
14. Even without referring to the expression 'otherwise' in Rule 6 of Order XII CPC, we
can draw an inference in the present case on the basis of the pleadings raised in the
case in the shape of the applications under that Rule and the answering affidavit which
clearly reiterates the admission. If that is so, interpretation of the expression
'otherwise" becomes unnecessary.
15. The learned Counsel for the appellant relied on a decision of this Court in Nagubai
Ammal and Ors. v. B.Shama Rao and Ors. MANU/SC/0089/1956 : [1956]1SCR451 , as
to when an admission becomes relevant. In Nagubai Ammal (supra) which is locus
classicus on the subject states that merely because a written admission made in a
different context, such admission may not become relevant if the party making it has a
reasonable explanation of that. But that is not the position in the present case at all.
Learned Counsel for the appellant further adverted to the decision in Balraj Taneja and
Anr. v. Sunil Madan and Anr. MANU/SC/0551/1999 : AIR1999SC3381 in which the
Court was concerned with a case of the effect of not filing a written statement and
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whether a decree could be passed only on that basis. That was a suit for specific
performance and it was held it could not be granted without even writing a detailed
judgment and adverted to various provisions of CPC and reference was made to Order
XII Rule 6 by way of analogy and referred to the dictum in Razia Begum v. Sahebzadi
Anwar Begum MANU/SC/0003/1958 : [1959]1SCR1111 , to state that Order XII Rule 6
should be read along with proviso to Rule 5 of Order 8 CPC. In that case, what was
noticed was that in cases governed by Section 42 and Section 43 of Specific Relief Act,
1877, the Court is not bound to grant declaration prayed for on the mere admission of
the claim by the defendant if the Court has reason to insist upon a clear proof apart
from admission. The result of a declaratory decree confers status not only on the parties
but for generations to come and so it cannot be granted on a rule of admissions and,
therefore, insisted upon adducing evidence independent of the admission. That is not
the position in the present case at all. We fail to see how this decision can be of any
use to the petitioner. The decision in re Pandam Tea Co. Ltd. MANU/WB/0034/1974 :
AIR1974Cal170 pertain to the manner in which the balance sheet should be read and
has no bearing on the case. The decision in Shikharchand and Ors. v. Mst. Bari Bai and
Ors. 1974 MP. 75, is to the effect that the Rule is wide enough to afford relief not only
in cases of admissions in pleadings but also in the case of admission de hors pleadings.
State Bank of India v. Midland Industries and Ors. MANU/DE/0235/1987 :
AIR1988Delhi153 . and Union of India v. Feroze & Co. MANU/JK/0028/1962 : AIR
1962 J & K 66 cannot have any relevance because the facts in arising cases and the
present case are entirely different.
16. Learned Counsel for the petitioner contended that admissions referred to in Order
XII, Rule 6 CPC should be of the same nature as other admissions referred to in other
Rule preceding this Rule. Admissions generally arise when a statement is made by a
party in any of the modes provided under Sections 18 to 23 of the Evidence Act, 1872.
Admissions are of many kinds : they may be considered as being on the record as
actual if that is either in the pleadings or in answer to interrogatories or implied from
the pleadings by non-traversal. Secondly as between parties by agreement or notice.
Since we have considered that admission for passing the judgment is based on
pleadings itself it is unnecessary to examine as to what kinds of admissions are covered
by Order XII, Rule 6 CPC.
17. We are not impressed with the contention of the learned Counsel for the appellant
that there is no admission for the purpose of Order XII Rule 6 at all, nor that the
admission if any is conditional because we cannot spell out any conditions stated
therein nor the dismissal of application filed by Indian Overseas Bank in the suit has
any relevance. Therefore, we are of the view that this case deserves to be dismissed
with advocates' fees quantified at Rs. 10,000/-.
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